- NASA's Assertive Stance in the Moon Race: Acting NASA Administrator Sean Duffy has taken a strong position against claims that NASA is falling behind China in the race to the Moon. With ambitious timelines set for Artemis 2 in February 2026 and Artemis 3 in 2027, Duffy emphasizes the need for a cultural shift at NASA towards action and urgency reminiscent of the Apollo era. The conversation around lunar exploration is heating up, reflecting a new era of global competition and cooperation in space.
- Breakthrough in Black Hole Physics: Scientists have made a groundbreaking measurement of the "kick" a newborn black hole receives after merging with another black hole. This phenomenon, termed black hole recoil, shows that the new black hole can move at speeds of up to 112,000 miles per hour. This discovery, marking a decade since the first detection of gravitational waves, opens up new avenues for understanding black hole behavior and the dynamics of the universe.
- New Insights on Enceladus' Organic Molecules: Recent research suggests that organic compounds found in the plumes of Saturn's moon Enceladus may not be biosignatures as previously thought. New lab experiments indicate these molecules could be formed by radiation on the surface rather than from the ocean below. While this doesn't eliminate the possibility of life, it highlights the complexity of astrobiology and the need for more sophisticated instruments in future missions.
- Exciting Developments in Mars Exploration: NASA's Perseverance rover continues its mission on Mars, collecting samples from ancient lake beds and searching for signs of past life. The Mars sample return mission promises to be one of the most ambitious interplanetary projects ever, showcasing the evolution of Mars exploration from mere reach to sophisticated scientific inquiry.
- The Rise of Commercial Space Partnerships: The landscape of space exploration is changing with the rise of commercial partnerships. Companies like SpaceX and Rocket Lab are revolutionizing launch costs, making space access more affordable and enabling new missions previously deemed impossible.
- Future of Astronomy with Next-Gen Telescopes: The next generation of space telescopes, including the Nancy Chris Roman Space Telescope and the Extremely Large Telescope in Chile, promises to enhance our understanding of the universe, dark energy, and even the potential for life on exoplanets.
- Restoration of Historic NASA Images: The restoration of iconic images from early space missions by Andy Saunders brings a human touch to the history of space exploration. These deeply personal moments remind us of the pioneers who paved the way for future discoveries and are now on display at Jodrell Bank Observatory.
- Innovative Military Logistics with Rocket Technology: The US Air Force has selected Blue Origin and Anduril for the Regal Program, aiming to deliver cargo anywhere on Earth within one hour using rocket technology. This highlights the continued relevance of space technology in various applications, including military logistics.
- For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic Music, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don’t forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.
- Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna and Avery signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and exploring the wonders of our universe.
NASA Moon Race Updates
[NASA](https://www.nasa.gov/)
Black Hole Recoil Discovery
[Nature](https://www.nature.com/)
Enceladus Research Findings
[NASA](https://www.nasa.gov/)
Mars Exploration Updates
[NASA](https://www.nasa.gov/)
Commercial Space Partnerships
[SpaceX](https://www.spacex.com/)
Next-Gen Telescopes
[NASA](https://www.nasa.gov/)
Restored NASA Images
[NASA](https://www.nasa.gov/)
Rocket Technology in Military Logistics
[Department of Defense](https://www.defense.gov/)
Astronomy Daily
[Astronomy Daily](http://www.astronomydaily.io/)
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00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 Anna: Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your source
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 for the latest in space exploration and
00:00:06 --> 00:00:08 cosmic discoveries. I'm Anna.
00:00:08 --> 00:00:11 Avery: And I'm Avery. We've got some fascinating
00:00:11 --> 00:00:13 stories to dive into today, from NASA's bold
00:00:13 --> 00:00:16 stands on the moon race to some incredible
00:00:16 --> 00:00:18 black hole physics that'll blow your mind.
00:00:18 --> 00:00:21 Anna: Let's start with some big news from Capitol
00:00:21 --> 00:00:21 Hill.
00:00:22 --> 00:00:25 Acting NASA Administrator Sean Duffy
00:00:25 --> 00:00:27 is pushing back hard against claims that
00:00:27 --> 00:00:30 NASA is losing the moon race to China.
00:00:30 --> 00:00:33 During recent Senate testing testimony, there
00:00:33 --> 00:00:35 were suggestions that China might beat us
00:00:35 --> 00:00:38 back to the lunar surface, and Duffy was.
00:00:38 --> 00:00:40 Avery: Having none of it. He responded with what I'd
00:00:40 --> 00:00:43 call confident determination. The timeline he
00:00:43 --> 00:00:46 laid out is pretty ambitious. Artemis 2 is
00:00:46 --> 00:00:48 scheduled for February 2026, which will
00:00:48 --> 00:00:51 be that lunar flyby mission with astronauts
00:00:51 --> 00:00:53 actually going around the moon for the first
00:00:53 --> 00:00:54 time since Apollo.
00:00:55 --> 00:00:57 Anna: Then comes the big one, Artemis 3 in
00:00:57 --> 00:01:00 2027, which would put American boots
00:01:00 --> 00:01:03 back on the lunar surface after more than
00:01:04 --> 00:01:06 that's the mission. Everyone's really
00:01:06 --> 00:01:08 watching. Of course, there are always
00:01:08 --> 00:01:10 concerns about budget cuts affecting these
00:01:10 --> 00:01:13 ambitious timelines. But here's what's
00:01:13 --> 00:01:16 interesting. Duffy seems confident that
00:01:16 --> 00:01:18 Artemis will get full funding. More than
00:01:18 --> 00:01:21 that, he's really pushing for what he calls a
00:01:21 --> 00:01:24 culture shift at NASA, moving from endless
00:01:24 --> 00:01:26 analysis to actually taking action.
00:01:27 --> 00:01:29 It sounds like he wants to inject some of
00:01:29 --> 00:01:31 that old Apollo era urgency back into the
00:01:31 --> 00:01:32 program.
00:01:32 --> 00:01:34 Avery: You know, it really does feel like we're at
00:01:34 --> 00:01:36 this pivotal moment where space exploration
00:01:36 --> 00:01:39 is becoming competitive again, but on a
00:01:39 --> 00:01:41 global scale. The fact that we're even having
00:01:41 --> 00:01:44 conversations about a, uh, moon race in
00:01:44 --> 00:01:47 2025 would have seemed like science fiction
00:01:47 --> 00:01:49 just a decade ago. Speaking of international
00:01:49 --> 00:01:52 competition, it's worth noting that China
00:01:52 --> 00:01:54 isn't just sitting idle either. Their Chang'
00:01:54 --> 00:01:57 E program has been remarkably successful, and
00:01:57 --> 00:01:58 they're planning their own crewed moon
00:01:58 --> 00:02:01 missions for the late 2000s. And they've
00:02:01 --> 00:02:03 already achieved some impressive firsts, like
00:02:03 --> 00:02:04 landing on the far side of the moon with
00:02:04 --> 00:02:06 Chang' E4.
00:02:06 --> 00:02:09 Anna: But here's what I find. Despite
00:02:09 --> 00:02:12 all this talk of competition, there's still
00:02:12 --> 00:02:14 incredible cooperation happening. The
00:02:14 --> 00:02:17 International Space Station has been this
00:02:17 --> 00:02:19 amazing example of what we can achieve when
00:02:19 --> 00:02:22 we work together. Even during periods of
00:02:22 --> 00:02:25 political tension on Earth, astronauts and
00:02:25 --> 00:02:27 cosmonauts have continued working side by
00:02:27 --> 00:02:28 side in space.
00:02:28 --> 00:02:30 Avery: And we can't forget about Europe's
00:02:30 --> 00:02:32 contributions either. The European Space
00:02:32 --> 00:02:35 Agency's James Webb Space Telescope
00:02:35 --> 00:02:37 partnership with NASA has been absolutely
00:02:37 --> 00:02:40 revolutionary. Plus, their BepiColombo
00:02:40 --> 00:02:42 mission to Mercury and the upcoming JUICE
00:02:42 --> 00:02:45 mission to Jupiter's moons show that some of
00:02:45 --> 00:02:47 the most ambitious science requires these
00:02:47 --> 00:02:48 International partnerships.
00:02:49 --> 00:02:50 Anna: Absolutely.
00:02:50 --> 00:02:52 And speaking of science that seems like
00:02:52 --> 00:02:55 fiction, we have this incredible story about
00:02:55 --> 00:02:57 black holes that's just mind bending.
00:02:58 --> 00:03:00 Scientists have measured the kick a
00:03:00 --> 00:03:03 newborn black hole for the first time using
00:03:03 --> 00:03:06 gravitational waves. This is the stuff that
00:03:06 --> 00:03:08 makes me fall in love with physics all over
00:03:08 --> 00:03:08 again.
00:03:09 --> 00:03:12 Avery: The technical term is black hole recoil. And
00:03:12 --> 00:03:14 this is the first complete measurement we've
00:03:14 --> 00:03:16 ever gotten. When two black holes merge and
00:03:16 --> 00:03:19 create a new one, the process isn't perfectly
00:03:19 --> 00:03:21 symmetrical. The gravitational waves get
00:03:21 --> 00:03:24 emitted more strongly in one direction, which
00:03:24 --> 00:03:27 gives the newly formed black hole a literal
00:03:27 --> 00:03:27 kick.
00:03:28 --> 00:03:30 Anna: And when you say kick, you mean this thing is
00:03:30 --> 00:03:33 moving at 112 miles per
00:03:33 --> 00:03:36 hour. That's 150 times faster
00:03:36 --> 00:03:39 than the speed of sound on Earth. This baby
00:03:39 --> 00:03:41 black hole is moving so fast, it could
00:03:41 --> 00:03:44 actually escape from its home globular
00:03:44 --> 00:03:46 cluster entirely. Imagine that,
00:03:46 --> 00:03:49 a black hole getting literally kicked out of
00:03:49 --> 00:03:50 its own neighborhood.
00:03:50 --> 00:03:52 Avery: The timing of this discovery is pretty
00:03:52 --> 00:03:55 remarkable too. It comes almost exactly 10
00:03:55 --> 00:03:58 years after LIGO and Virgo first detected
00:03:58 --> 00:04:01 gravitational waves. Those detectors have
00:04:01 --> 00:04:03 opened up an entirely new way of studying the
00:04:03 --> 00:04:06 universe. We're literally listening to space
00:04:06 --> 00:04:08 time itself ripple from these cosmic
00:04:08 --> 00:04:11 collisions. It's like having a completely new
00:04:11 --> 00:04:13 sense organ for astronomy. And this
00:04:13 --> 00:04:16 measurement opens up so many possibilities
00:04:16 --> 00:04:18 for studying black hole behavior that we
00:04:18 --> 00:04:20 never had before. We can start to understand
00:04:21 --> 00:04:24 not just how black holes form, but how they
00:04:24 --> 00:04:25 move through space after they're created.
00:04:26 --> 00:04:28 Anna: What's really exciting is that this is just
00:04:28 --> 00:04:30 the beginning of gravitational wave
00:04:30 --> 00:04:33 astronomy. We're getting ready for even more
00:04:33 --> 00:04:35 sensitive detectors like lisa, the Laser
00:04:35 --> 00:04:38 Interferometer Space Antenna. Unlike LIGO
00:04:38 --> 00:04:41 and virgo, which are ground based, LISA will
00:04:41 --> 00:04:44 be in space with arms millions of
00:04:44 --> 00:04:44 kilometers long.
00:04:45 --> 00:04:47 Avery: That scale is just mind boggling.
00:04:48 --> 00:04:50 LISA will be able to detect much lower
00:04:50 --> 00:04:52 frequency gravitational waves. Which means we
00:04:52 --> 00:04:54 could potentially observe the merger of
00:04:54 --> 00:04:56 supermassive black holes at the centers of
00:04:56 --> 00:04:59 galaxies. Even primordial gravitational waves
00:04:59 --> 00:05:02 from the very early universe. We're talking
00:05:02 --> 00:05:04 about using Einstein's predictions to probe
00:05:04 --> 00:05:06 cosmic history going back to the Big Bang
00:05:06 --> 00:05:07 itself.
00:05:07 --> 00:05:09 Anna: Now, shifting gears to
00:05:09 --> 00:05:12 astrobiology, we have some news from
00:05:12 --> 00:05:15 Saturn's moon Enceladus. That's a bit of a
00:05:15 --> 00:05:17 reality check for those of us hoping to find
00:05:17 --> 00:05:20 life in our solar system. New research is
00:05:20 --> 00:05:22 suggesting that those organic molecules in
00:05:22 --> 00:05:25 Enceladus plumes might not be the
00:05:25 --> 00:05:27 biosignatures we hoped they were.
00:05:27 --> 00:05:29 Avery: This is really important context. When
00:05:29 --> 00:05:31 Cassini discovered those water plumes
00:05:31 --> 00:05:33 shooting out from Enceladus south pole
00:05:34 --> 00:05:36 containing organic compounds from what we
00:05:36 --> 00:05:38 thought was the underground ocean, it was
00:05:38 --> 00:05:41 huge news. Everyone was thinking this could
00:05:41 --> 00:05:43 be where we find life in our solar system.
00:05:43 --> 00:05:45 Anna: But these new lab experiments are showing us
00:05:45 --> 00:05:48 that those organic molecules Might actually
00:05:48 --> 00:05:50 be forming on the surface Due to radiation
00:05:50 --> 00:05:52 bombardment, Rather than coming from the
00:05:52 --> 00:05:55 ocean below. Essentially, cosmic
00:05:55 --> 00:05:57 radiation hitting the icy surface could be
00:05:57 --> 00:05:59 creating these compounds through purely
00:05:59 --> 00:06:00 chemical processes.
00:06:01 --> 00:06:03 Avery: Now, this doesn't rule out life entirely.
00:06:03 --> 00:06:05 That's important to emphasize. The
00:06:05 --> 00:06:07 underground ocean could still harbor life.
00:06:08 --> 00:06:10 But it does mean we can't just assume that
00:06:10 --> 00:06:12 detecting organic compounds automatically
00:06:12 --> 00:06:15 equals habitability. It's a good reminder
00:06:15 --> 00:06:17 that astrobiology is incredibly complex.
00:06:18 --> 00:06:20 Anna: Exactly. And it means that future missions to
00:06:20 --> 00:06:22 Enceladus will need to be much more
00:06:22 --> 00:06:24 sophisticated. We'll need instruments that
00:06:24 --> 00:06:26 can distinguish between organic molecules
00:06:26 --> 00:06:28 that came from the ocean Versus those
00:06:28 --> 00:06:31 produced by radiation on the surface. It's
00:06:31 --> 00:06:33 actually making the science more interesting,
00:06:33 --> 00:06:35 Even if it's complicating our search for
00:06:35 --> 00:06:38 life. The good news is that Enceladus
00:06:38 --> 00:06:40 isn't our only hope for finding life in the
00:06:40 --> 00:06:43 outer solar system. Europa, Jupiter's ice
00:06:43 --> 00:06:46 covered moon, Remains incredibly promising.
00:06:46 --> 00:06:48 And then there's Titan with its lakes of
00:06:48 --> 00:06:51 liquid methanecompletely different chemistry,
00:06:51 --> 00:06:53 but potentially just as fascinating from a
00:06:53 --> 00:06:54 life perspective.
00:06:54 --> 00:06:56 Avery: And we're actually going to get much better
00:06:56 --> 00:06:59 tools for studying these worlds soon. NASA's
00:06:59 --> 00:07:01 Europa Clipper launched last year, and we'll
00:07:01 --> 00:07:04 start studying Jupiter's icy moon in detail.
00:07:04 --> 00:07:07 Plus there's the Dragonfly mission to Titan
00:07:07 --> 00:07:09 that's scheduled for the 2000s. A nuclear
00:07:09 --> 00:07:12 powered helicopter that will fly around
00:07:12 --> 00:07:14 Titan's surface, Exploring its prebiotic
00:07:14 --> 00:07:15 chemistry.
00:07:15 --> 00:07:17 Anna: While we're talking about the search for
00:07:17 --> 00:07:19 life, we can't forget about Mars, where the
00:07:19 --> 00:07:22 search continues in real time. Percy,
00:07:22 --> 00:07:25 that's NASA's Perseverance Rover is still out
00:07:25 --> 00:07:27 there collecting samples that will eventually
00:07:27 --> 00:07:29 be returned to Earth by future missions. The
00:07:29 --> 00:07:32 Mars sample return mission Is one of the most
00:07:32 --> 00:07:34 ambitious interplanetary projects ever
00:07:34 --> 00:07:34 attempted.
00:07:35 --> 00:07:37 Avery: What I love about the Mars program is how
00:07:37 --> 00:07:39 it's evolved from just trying to reach the
00:07:39 --> 00:07:42 planet to doing incredibly sophisticated
00:07:42 --> 00:07:44 science. Perseverance is drilling into rocks
00:07:44 --> 00:07:47 that formed in what used to be a lake bed,
00:07:47 --> 00:07:49 Looking for signs of ancient microbial life
00:07:49 --> 00:07:52 and ingenuity. That little helicopter has far
00:07:52 --> 00:07:55 exceeded everyone's expectations. It was
00:07:55 --> 00:07:56 supposed to fly five times and has now
00:07:56 --> 00:07:59 completed over 100 flights.
00:07:59 --> 00:08:01 Anna: You know, one thing that's really
00:08:01 --> 00:08:04 transforming space exploration Is the rise
00:08:04 --> 00:08:07 of commercial partnerships. SpaceX
00:08:07 --> 00:08:09 has revolutionized how we think about launch
00:08:09 --> 00:08:12 costs with their reusable rockets. What
00:08:12 --> 00:08:14 used to cost hundreds of millions of dollars
00:08:14 --> 00:08:17 per launch Is now dramatically more
00:08:17 --> 00:08:19 Affordable. And that's opening up
00:08:19 --> 00:08:21 possibilities we couldn't even dream of a
00:08:21 --> 00:08:22 decade ago.
00:08:23 --> 00:08:26 Avery: Exactly. And it's not just SpaceX. We've
00:08:26 --> 00:08:27 got companies like Rocket Lab launching
00:08:27 --> 00:08:30 smaller satellites more efficiently. Even
00:08:30 --> 00:08:32 newer players like Relativity space trying to
00:08:32 --> 00:08:35 3D print entire rockets. The
00:08:35 --> 00:08:37 democratization of space access means
00:08:37 --> 00:08:39 universities, small countries, and even
00:08:39 --> 00:08:41 private individuals can now fund space
00:08:41 --> 00:08:43 missions that would have been impossible
00:08:43 --> 00:08:44 before.
00:08:44 --> 00:08:47 Anna: Speaking of the future, astronomy is about
00:08:47 --> 00:08:50 to get even more incredible with the next
00:08:50 --> 00:08:53 generation of space telescopes. The James
00:08:53 --> 00:08:56 Webb Space Telescope has already exceeded our
00:08:56 --> 00:08:59 wildest expectations. But there's so much
00:08:59 --> 00:09:01 more coming. The Nancy Grace Roman Space
00:09:01 --> 00:09:04 Telescope will give us panoramic views of the
00:09:04 --> 00:09:07 universe and help us understand dark energy
00:09:07 --> 00:09:08 and dark matter.
00:09:08 --> 00:09:10 Avery: And don't forget about the incredible ground
00:09:10 --> 00:09:13 based telescopes coming online. The Extremely
00:09:13 --> 00:09:15 Large Telescope in Chile will have a mirror
00:09:15 --> 00:09:18 39 meters across that's bigger than a
00:09:18 --> 00:09:21 football field. Combined with adaptive optics
00:09:21 --> 00:09:23 to compensate for atmospheric distortion,
00:09:23 --> 00:09:26 it'll be able to image exoplanets directly
00:09:26 --> 00:09:29 and potentially even detect signs of life in
00:09:29 --> 00:09:30 their atmospheres.
00:09:30 --> 00:09:33 Anna: It's incredible to think about how far we've
00:09:33 --> 00:09:35 come from those early days of space
00:09:35 --> 00:09:38 exploration to these modern marvels of
00:09:38 --> 00:09:40 technology. And that actually brings me to
00:09:40 --> 00:09:42 something that beautifully bridges past and
00:09:42 --> 00:09:43 future.
00:09:43 --> 00:09:45 Avery: Speaking of making things more interesting,
00:09:45 --> 00:09:47 we have this wonderful story about restored
00:09:47 --> 00:09:50 NASA images that's bringing some real human
00:09:50 --> 00:09:53 emotion back to space exploration. Andy
00:09:53 --> 00:09:55 Saunders has spent thousands of hours
00:09:55 --> 00:09:57 restoring these deeply personal images from
00:09:57 --> 00:10:00 early space missions that were locked away in
00:10:00 --> 00:10:01 NASA vaults.
00:10:01 --> 00:10:04 Anna: These aren't just any photos. We're talking
00:10:04 --> 00:10:07 about images from the Gemini and Mercury
00:10:07 --> 00:10:09 missions, including Ed White's first US
00:10:09 --> 00:10:12 Spacewalk and Buzz Aldrin's first space
00:10:12 --> 00:10:15 selfie. These missions were the crucial
00:10:15 --> 00:10:17 stepping stones that made Apollo possible.
00:10:18 --> 00:10:20 Without Gemini and Mercury, we never would
00:10:20 --> 00:10:21 have made it to the moon.
00:10:22 --> 00:10:24 Avery: The fact that Saunders describes them as
00:10:24 --> 00:10:27 deeply personal really resonates with me.
00:10:27 --> 00:10:30 These weren't just technical documentation.
00:10:30 --> 00:10:33 They captured human beings taking their first
00:10:33 --> 00:10:36 tentative steps into the cosmos. Ed White
00:10:36 --> 00:10:38 floating in space tethered to his Gemini
00:10:38 --> 00:10:41 capsule was literally humanity's first
00:10:41 --> 00:10:44 taste of what it felt like to walk in space.
00:10:44 --> 00:10:47 Anna: And now they're on exhibition at Jodrell Bank
00:10:47 --> 00:10:50 Observatory in Cheshire, which is just
00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 perfect. Jodrell bank has been at the
00:10:52 --> 00:10:55 forefront of radio astronomy for decades. So
00:10:55 --> 00:10:57 having these restored images there creates
00:10:57 --> 00:10:59 this beautiful connection between different
00:10:59 --> 00:11:01 eras of space exploration.
00:11:01 --> 00:11:04 Avery: It makes you wonder what other treasures are
00:11:04 --> 00:11:06 sitting in archives around the world waiting
00:11:06 --> 00:11:09 to be rediscovered and shared. The
00:11:09 --> 00:11:11 restoration process must have been incredibly
00:11:11 --> 00:11:14 painstaking thousands of hours of work to
00:11:14 --> 00:11:15 bring these moments back to life.
00:11:16 --> 00:11:18 Anna: Before we wrap up, there's one quick item
00:11:18 --> 00:11:21 that caught our attention. The US Air Force
00:11:21 --> 00:11:23 has selected Blue Origin and Anduril for
00:11:23 --> 00:11:26 something called the Regal Program. Blue
00:11:26 --> 00:11:29 Origin got $1.3 million. Anduril
00:11:29 --> 00:11:32 got 1 million. The goal is to deliver cargo
00:11:32 --> 00:11:35 in anywhere on Earth within one hour using
00:11:35 --> 00:11:37 rockets for military logistics.
00:11:38 --> 00:11:39 Avery: That's fascinating from a technology
00:11:40 --> 00:11:42 perspective, using rocket technology for
00:11:42 --> 00:11:45 essentially very fast package delivery. But
00:11:45 --> 00:11:48 for military applications, it shows how
00:11:48 --> 00:11:50 space technology continues to find new
00:11:50 --> 00:11:52 applications back here on Earth. Though I
00:11:52 --> 00:11:54 have to admit, the idea of rocket powered
00:11:54 --> 00:11:57 logistics sounds both exciting and slightly
00:11:57 --> 00:11:58 terrifying.
00:11:58 --> 00:12:01 Anna: Whether it's gps, satellite
00:12:01 --> 00:12:03 communications, or now
00:12:03 --> 00:12:06 rocket powered logistics, space
00:12:06 --> 00:12:09 exploration keeps finding ways to
00:12:09 --> 00:12:10 benefit life on Earth.
00:12:11 --> 00:12:13 Avery: That's exactly what makes this field so
00:12:13 --> 00:12:16 exciting to follow. Every discovery,
00:12:16 --> 00:12:19 every technological advance, every
00:12:19 --> 00:12:21 restored photograph connects us more deeply
00:12:21 --> 00:12:24 to both our cosmic heritage and our
00:12:24 --> 00:12:26 future among the stars.
00:12:26 --> 00:12:28 Anna: Thanks for joining us on Astronomy Daily.
00:12:28 --> 00:12:31 Keep looking up and we'll see you next time
00:12:31 --> 00:12:33 with more stories from the final frontier. In
00:12:33 --> 00:12:35 the meantime, you can get all the latest
00:12:35 --> 00:12:38 space news by visiting our website and
00:12:38 --> 00:12:40 checking out our continuously updating news
00:12:40 --> 00:12:41 feed. You can find
00:12:41 --> 00:12:44 us@astronomydaily.IO
00:12:44 --> 00:12:45 until next time.
00:12:45 --> 00:12:48 Avery: Remember, we're all made of star stuff, and
00:12:48 --> 00:12:50 every day brings us new ways to understand
00:12:50 --> 00:12:51 our place in the universe.
00:12:52 --> 00:12:55 Anna: And that's the beauty of this moment in space
00:12:55 --> 00:12:57 exploration. We're
00:12:57 --> 00:13:00 simultaneously reaching back to
00:13:00 --> 00:13:03 honor the pioneers who made it all possible,
00:13:04 --> 00:13:06 while stretching forward toward
00:13:06 --> 00:13:09 discoveries that will reshape our
00:13:09 --> 00:13:11 understanding of life, the universe,
00:13:11 --> 00:13:13 and our place within it.