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This episode includes AI-generated content.
00:00:00 --> 00:00:02 Anna: Welcome to Astronomy Daily. I'm
00:00:02 --> 00:00:03 Anna.
00:00:03 --> 00:00:05 Avery: And I'm avery. It's Wednesday, the
00:00:05 --> 00:00:08 25th of June, 2026, and you are
00:00:08 --> 00:00:10 tuned in for season five, episode
00:00:10 --> 00:00:12 123.
00:00:12 --> 00:00:15 Anna: We have a varied and secretive show today.
00:00:15 --> 00:00:18 A, uh, beloved space telescope has finally
00:00:18 --> 00:00:21 arrived at its launch site. A secretive
00:00:21 --> 00:00:23 Chinese space plane is doing mysterious
00:00:23 --> 00:00:26 things in orbit. And we have a, uh, genuinely
00:00:26 --> 00:00:29 exciting quantum physics story from right up
00:00:29 --> 00:00:31 on the International Space Station.
00:00:31 --> 00:00:33 Avery: Plus an update on a story we rang.
00:00:34 --> 00:00:36 SpaceX's brand new secret
00:00:36 --> 00:00:39 Starfall capsule is still up there in orbit
00:00:39 --> 00:00:41 and we are watching and waiting for that
00:00:41 --> 00:00:43 Pacific splashdown. More on that shortly.
00:00:44 --> 00:00:46 Anna: But first, let's get straight into the
00:00:46 --> 00:00:49 headlines. A, uh, Further update
00:00:49 --> 00:00:52 on NASA's Nancy Grace Roman Space
00:00:52 --> 00:00:54 Telescope, the agency's next great
00:00:54 --> 00:00:57 observatory. And it has arrived at Kennedy
00:00:57 --> 00:01:00 Space center in Florida. And the countdown to
00:01:00 --> 00:01:02 launch is well and truly on.
00:01:02 --> 00:01:05 Avery: This is a big moment. Roman touched down at
00:01:05 --> 00:01:08 Kennedy on 21 June, arriving via
00:01:08 --> 00:01:10 NASA's Pegasus barge after completing its
00:01:10 --> 00:01:13 full assembly and testing phase at Goddard
00:01:13 --> 00:01:15 Space Flight center in Maryland. The
00:01:15 --> 00:01:18 telescope was sealed inside a specialized
00:01:18 --> 00:01:20 shipping container. NASA has nicknamed it,
00:01:20 --> 00:01:22 uh, the Chariot, keeping with the Roman
00:01:22 --> 00:01:24 theme, and made the journey by sea down the
00:01:24 --> 00:01:26 Atlantic coast to Florida.
00:01:26 --> 00:01:29 Anna: And now it's inside the Payload Hazardous
00:01:29 --> 00:01:32 Servicing Facility at Kennedy, where
00:01:32 --> 00:01:34 engineers will spend the next 70 days
00:01:35 --> 00:01:37 preparing it for liftoff. That work includes
00:01:37 --> 00:01:40 checking the solar panels, inspecting the
00:01:40 --> 00:01:43 thermal blankets and crucially, loading the
00:01:43 --> 00:01:45 telescope's propellant tanks with around
00:01:45 --> 00:01:48 290 gallons of hydrazine
00:01:48 --> 00:01:48 fuel.
00:01:48 --> 00:01:50 Avery: Now that fuel load is worth highlighting.
00:01:50 --> 00:01:53 NASA has sized it to support at least twice
00:01:53 --> 00:01:55 the planned five year primary mission
00:01:55 --> 00:01:58 lifetime, meaning Roman could in principle
00:01:58 --> 00:02:01 operate well into the 1940s if the hardware
00:02:01 --> 00:02:01 holds up.
00:02:01 --> 00:02:04 Anna: The launch target is no earlier than Sunday
00:02:04 --> 00:02:07 30 August on SpaceX Falcon
00:02:07 --> 00:02:10 Heavy rocket from Launch Complex 39A,
00:02:10 --> 00:02:12 the same pad used for the Apollo Saturn V
00:02:12 --> 00:02:15 rockets. And this puts Roman eight full
00:02:15 --> 00:02:17 months ahead of its previous schedule. The
00:02:17 --> 00:02:19 team has really delivered.
00:02:19 --> 00:02:21 Avery: Once it reaches its destination at the second
00:02:21 --> 00:02:23 Sun, Earth Lagrange Point, the same
00:02:23 --> 00:02:25 neighborhood as the James Webb Telescope,
00:02:25 --> 00:02:28 Roman will survey the cosmos in infrared
00:02:28 --> 00:02:31 light. Its 300 megapixel camera covers
00:02:31 --> 00:02:33 a field of view 100 times wider than
00:02:33 --> 00:02:36 Hubble's per single exposure. That means it
00:02:36 --> 00:02:38 can map billions of Galax galaxies, hunt for
00:02:38 --> 00:02:41 hundreds of thousands of new exoplanets, and
00:02:41 --> 00:02:43 probe dark matter and dark energy at a scale
00:02:43 --> 00:02:46 and speed no telescope has managed before.
00:02:47 --> 00:02:50 Anna: Webb goes deep, Roman goes wide.
00:02:50 --> 00:02:52 And together they will give us a picture of
00:02:52 --> 00:02:54 the universe that Neither could achieve
00:02:54 --> 00:02:57 alone. Keep your eye on the skies and
00:02:57 --> 00:03:00 on Kennedy Space center as we head into
00:03:00 --> 00:03:00 August.
00:03:01 --> 00:03:03 Avery: Story two and, um, this one has a Southern
00:03:03 --> 00:03:06 Hemisphere connection. China's mysterious
00:03:06 --> 00:03:08 Shenlong reusable spaceplane, currently on
00:03:08 --> 00:03:11 its fourth mission in orb orbit, appears to
00:03:11 --> 00:03:13 have released an unknown object into space.
00:03:13 --> 00:03:16 And the first radar system to spot it was
00:03:16 --> 00:03:18 right here in our part of the world. The Kiwi
00:03:18 --> 00:03:21 Space Radar in New Zealand, operated by
00:03:21 --> 00:03:22 commercial space surveillance company
00:03:22 --> 00:03:23 LeoLabs.
00:03:24 --> 00:03:26 Anna: At 2:30am UM UTC on
00:03:26 --> 00:03:29 22 June, LeoLabs detected
00:03:29 --> 00:03:31 something in the vicinity of the Shenlong
00:03:31 --> 00:03:34 spaceplane that didn't match anything in
00:03:34 --> 00:03:37 their catalog. They followed it across their
00:03:37 --> 00:03:39 global radar network and confirmed with
00:03:39 --> 00:03:41 high confidence that it was released,
00:03:41 --> 00:03:43 released directly from the Chinese space
00:03:43 --> 00:03:44 plane.
00:03:44 --> 00:03:47 Avery: Now, this isn't entirely unprecedented.
00:03:47 --> 00:03:50 Shenlong has released objects on each of its
00:03:50 --> 00:03:52 three previous missions, though what those
00:03:52 --> 00:03:54 objects actually are, China has never
00:03:54 --> 00:03:57 officially confirmed. On its first mission, a
00:03:57 --> 00:03:59 deployed object appeared to transmit
00:03:59 --> 00:04:01 broadcast signals. On its second, it seemed
00:04:01 --> 00:04:03 to conduct close approach maneuvers near
00:04:03 --> 00:04:06 other objects in orbit. Each time, China
00:04:06 --> 00:04:09 state media gives the same vague line. The
00:04:09 --> 00:04:11 program provides technical support for
00:04:11 --> 00:04:12 peaceful use of space.
00:04:13 --> 00:04:15 Anna: The Shenlong, its name means divine
00:04:15 --> 00:04:18 Dragon. Launched on its fourth mission back
00:04:18 --> 00:04:21 in February on a long March 2F rocket from
00:04:21 --> 00:04:23 the Jiquan Satellite launch Center in the
00:04:23 --> 00:04:26 Gobi Desert. Analysts believe it's
00:04:26 --> 00:04:29 broadly similar in size and function to the
00:04:29 --> 00:04:31 United States Space Force's own
00:04:31 --> 00:04:34 X-37B spaceplane, which is also
00:04:34 --> 00:04:36 currently in orbit on its eighth mission.
00:04:36 --> 00:04:39 Avery: The key capability being demonstrated here,
00:04:39 --> 00:04:42 whether for peaceful or strategic purposes,
00:04:42 --> 00:04:44 is what's called rendezvous and proxim
00:04:45 --> 00:04:48 operations. That's the ability to maneuver
00:04:48 --> 00:04:51 close to other objects in space. It can be
00:04:51 --> 00:04:53 used for satellite servicing and refueling,
00:04:53 --> 00:04:56 but it can equally be used for inspection
00:04:56 --> 00:04:57 or interference.
00:04:58 --> 00:05:01 Anna: We'll continue to watch this one closely. The
00:05:01 --> 00:05:03 radar network that first spotted this new
00:05:03 --> 00:05:06 object is based in Aotearoa, New Zealand,
00:05:06 --> 00:05:09 a reminder of just how important Southern
00:05:09 --> 00:05:12 Hemisphere space infrastructure has become in
00:05:12 --> 00:05:14 monitoring what's happening in low Earth
00:05:14 --> 00:05:16 orbit above all of our heads.
00:05:16 --> 00:05:19 Story three today, and we're heading up to
00:05:19 --> 00:05:21 the International Space Station for a quantum
00:05:21 --> 00:05:24 physics story that genuinely made us stop
00:05:24 --> 00:05:27 and stare. NASA's Cold Atom
00:05:27 --> 00:05:30 Lab, a fridge sized facility aboard the ISS,
00:05:30 --> 00:05:33 has just received its fourth and final
00:05:33 --> 00:05:35 hardware upgrade, and the results are
00:05:35 --> 00:05:36 remarkable.
00:05:36 --> 00:05:39 Avery: Let's set the scene. The Cold Atom Lab has
00:05:39 --> 00:05:41 been operating in orbit since 2018.
00:05:42 --> 00:05:44 Its job is to cool atoms down to
00:05:44 --> 00:05:47 temperatures just above absolute zero.
00:05:47 --> 00:05:49 We're Talking below, below minus
00:05:49 --> 00:05:51 459 degrees Fahrenheit.
00:05:51 --> 00:05:54 Colder than anything that occurs naturally in
00:05:54 --> 00:05:57 space. And then study what happens to matter
00:05:57 --> 00:05:58 at those extremes.
00:05:58 --> 00:06:01 Anna: At those temperatures, atoms can merge into
00:06:01 --> 00:06:03 something called a, uh, Bose Einstein
00:06:03 --> 00:06:06 condensate. A fifth state of matter
00:06:06 --> 00:06:09 beyond your solids, liquids, gases and
00:06:09 --> 00:06:11 plasma. In this state, instead of
00:06:11 --> 00:06:14 behaving like tiny billiard balls, atoms
00:06:14 --> 00:06:17 behave like waves. And they can exist in two
00:06:17 --> 00:06:20 places simultaneously. They can pass through
00:06:20 --> 00:06:22 one another. The normal rules go out the
00:06:22 --> 00:06:23 window.
00:06:23 --> 00:06:26 Avery: Now. Here's why doing this in space matters.
00:06:26 --> 00:06:29 On Earth, gravity pulls these quantum gas
00:06:29 --> 00:06:32 clouds downward Almost immediately you get a
00:06:32 --> 00:06:34 very short observation window. In the
00:06:34 --> 00:06:37 microgravity of low Earth orbit, those
00:06:37 --> 00:06:40 clouds can float and be observed for far
00:06:40 --> 00:06:42 longer. And with the new SM M3X
00:06:42 --> 00:06:45 science module installed by astronaut Jessica
00:06:45 --> 00:06:48 Mair back in May and activated the this week,
00:06:48 --> 00:06:51 the lab can now create Bose Einstein
00:06:51 --> 00:06:54 condensates that are five times larger than
00:06:54 --> 00:06:55 anything it has produced before.
00:06:56 --> 00:06:58 Anna: That's a significant leap. Larger
00:06:58 --> 00:07:01 condensates mean longer observation windows,
00:07:01 --> 00:07:04 finer measurements and the ability to probe
00:07:04 --> 00:07:06 questions at the very frontier of physics,
00:07:06 --> 00:07:09 including the nature of dark matter and the
00:07:09 --> 00:07:11 long unresolved tension between quantum
00:07:11 --> 00:07:13 mechanics and general relativity.
00:07:14 --> 00:07:16 Avery: And there's a policy angle here too. On
00:07:16 --> 00:07:19 22 June, President Trump signed an
00:07:19 --> 00:07:22 executive order directing NASA to submit a
00:07:22 --> 00:07:25 five year plan within 120 days
00:07:25 --> 00:07:28 for developing quantum sensing and networking
00:07:28 --> 00:07:30 for civilian space applications. The
00:07:30 --> 00:07:33 Coldatom lab sits right at the heart of that
00:07:33 --> 00:07:33 ambition.
00:07:34 --> 00:07:36 Anna: Scientists at AH JPL describe this as
00:07:36 --> 00:07:39 quantum 2.0, the direct
00:07:39 --> 00:07:41 manipulation of large quantum states in
00:07:41 --> 00:07:44 space. It took a century for the first
00:07:44 --> 00:07:47 quantum revolution, which gave us lasers,
00:07:47 --> 00:07:50 MRI machines and mobile phones to fully
00:07:50 --> 00:07:53 materialize. The second one is now being
00:07:53 --> 00:07:56 written in orbit in a fridge the size of a
00:07:56 --> 00:07:56 mini fridge.
00:07:57 --> 00:07:59 Avery: Story four brings us an update on Boeing's
00:07:59 --> 00:08:01 Starliner program. And while there's
00:08:01 --> 00:08:04 commitment on the surface, the details are
00:08:04 --> 00:08:06 sobering. During a public meeting of the
00:08:06 --> 00:08:09 Aerospace Safety advisory panel on June
00:08:09 --> 00:08:12 23, NASA confirmed it is still working
00:08:12 --> 00:08:14 toward the Starliner 1 uncrewed cargo
00:08:14 --> 00:08:17 mission, but acknowledged the launch timeline
00:08:17 --> 00:08:20 remains under review and could be as far as a
00:08:20 --> 00:08:21 year away.
00:08:21 --> 00:08:24 Anna: Let's recap. Boeing's Starliner
00:08:24 --> 00:08:27 spacecraft completed its first crewed test
00:08:27 --> 00:08:29 flight back in June of 2024,
00:08:29 --> 00:08:32 carrying NASA astronauts Butch Wilmore and
00:08:32 --> 00:08:34 Suni Williams to the International Space
00:08:34 --> 00:08:37 Station. What was meant to be a brief
00:08:37 --> 00:08:40 week long mission became an eight month
00:08:40 --> 00:08:43 stay because of persistent thruster failures
00:08:43 --> 00:08:46 and helium leaks that NASA and Boeing
00:08:46 --> 00:08:47 spent trying to understand.
00:08:48 --> 00:08:51 Wilmore and Williams ultimately came home on
00:08:51 --> 00:08:53 a SpaceX dragon.
00:08:53 --> 00:08:55 Avery: A post mission investigation report released
00:08:55 --> 00:08:57 in February of this year classified that
00:08:57 --> 00:09:00 mission as a Type A mishap, NASA's
00:09:00 --> 00:09:03 most severe failure category, normally
00:09:03 --> 00:09:04 reserved for missions involving loss of
00:09:04 --> 00:09:07 vehicle or life. It cited hardware
00:09:07 --> 00:09:10 failures, qualification deficiencies and
00:09:10 --> 00:09:12 leadership shortcomings. Uh, at both NASA and
00:09:12 --> 00:09:13 Boeing, the
00:09:13 --> 00:09:16 Anna: core technical problem centers on what
00:09:16 --> 00:09:19 engineers call the doghouse, the
00:09:19 --> 00:09:21 structures that house Starliner's reaction
00:09:21 --> 00:09:24 control system. Thrusters. Heat generated
00:09:24 --> 00:09:27 by thruster firings causes the nitrogen
00:09:27 --> 00:09:29 tetroxide oxidizer to partially
00:09:29 --> 00:09:32 vaporize before combustion, creating
00:09:32 --> 00:09:34 gas bubbles and reducing thrust.
00:09:35 --> 00:09:37 Closing out those issues is what stands
00:09:37 --> 00:09:40 between now and the Starliner 1 flight
00:09:40 --> 00:09:43 Avery: panel member Kent Rominger, himself a former
00:09:43 --> 00:09:46 NASA astronaut, noted that 22 of the
00:09:46 --> 00:09:48 28 implied anomalies from the crew. Flight
00:09:48 --> 00:09:50 tests have now been resolved, but the
00:09:50 --> 00:09:53 remaining six, including the overheating
00:09:53 --> 00:09:55 thruster issue, still need to be closed
00:09:55 --> 00:09:56 before flight can be approved.
00:09:56 --> 00:09:59 Anna: In May, NASA confirmed Starliner 1
00:09:59 --> 00:10:02 will fly uncrewed as a resupply mission
00:10:02 --> 00:10:05 rather than a crew rotation, and the agency
00:10:05 --> 00:10:08 remains committed to the program. But as the
00:10:08 --> 00:10:11 panel made clear this week, there is no
00:10:11 --> 00:10:13 launch date and their may not be one for some
00:10:13 --> 00:10:14 time yet.
00:10:14 --> 00:10:17 Avery: It's a long road back for a spacecraft that
00:10:17 --> 00:10:19 was meant to be a cornerstone of NASA's
00:10:19 --> 00:10:21 Commercial Crew Program alongside SpaceX's
00:10:21 --> 00:10:24 Dragon. We'll keep you updated as this story
00:10:24 --> 00:10:24 develops.
00:10:25 --> 00:10:28 Anna: Story 5 is an update on yesterday's
00:10:28 --> 00:10:31 big launch story. SpaceX's brand new
00:10:31 --> 00:10:33 Starfall reentry capsule, which lifted off on
00:10:33 --> 00:10:36 a Falcon mine from Cape Canaveral yesterday
00:10:36 --> 00:10:39 morning, is still in low Earth orbit and
00:10:39 --> 00:10:41 a Pacific Ocean splashdown is imminent.
00:10:42 --> 00:10:44 Avery: Just to recap for listeners who missed
00:10:44 --> 00:10:46 yesterday's episode, Starfall is a disk
00:10:46 --> 00:10:49 shaped uncrewed Cargo Return capsule,
00:10:49 --> 00:10:52 3.1 meters across and only 75
00:10:52 --> 00:10:54 centimeters tall that SpaceX has been
00:10:54 --> 00:10:57 developing in remarkable secrecy. We only
00:10:57 --> 00:10:59 know as much as we do because the US Federal
00:10:59 --> 00:11:01 Aviation Administration published an
00:11:01 --> 00:11:03 environmental assessment back in May.
00:11:04 --> 00:11:06 SpaceX itself has said very little.
00:11:07 --> 00:11:10 Anna: What we know is the capsule confirmed
00:11:10 --> 00:11:13 orbital deployment at approximately 10:01 in
00:11:13 --> 00:11:15 the morning Eastern time yesterday. It's
00:11:15 --> 00:11:18 capable of carrying up to 1 kilograms
00:11:18 --> 00:11:21 of cargo. That's about 2 pounds,
00:11:22 --> 00:11:24 making it roughly 30 times the cargo return
00:11:24 --> 00:11:27 capacity of current commercial rivals.
00:11:27 --> 00:11:29 Avery: SpaceX has not announced a re entry date,
00:11:29 --> 00:11:31 which is very on brand for this mission,
00:11:31 --> 00:11:33 given they cut off their own webcast about 10
00:11:33 --> 00:11:36 minutes after launch. But the FAA
00:11:36 --> 00:11:38 environmental approval covers two re entry
00:11:38 --> 00:11:40 demonstrations, both targeting a recovery
00:11:40 --> 00:11:43 zone in the Pacific Ocean about 1300
00:11:43 --> 00:11:45 kilometers off the US West coast, with a
00:11:45 --> 00:11:47 recovery team standing by to retrieve the
00:11:47 --> 00:11:49 capsule by boat after splashdown.
00:11:49 --> 00:11:51 Anna: The bigger picture here is the market
00:11:51 --> 00:11:54 Starfall is targeting in space.
00:11:54 --> 00:11:57 Manufacturing. Growing pharmaceuticals,
00:11:57 --> 00:11:59 fiber optics, and exotic alloys in
00:11:59 --> 00:12:02 microgravity has been a, uh, theoretical
00:12:02 --> 00:12:04 commercial opportunity for decades. The
00:12:04 --> 00:12:07 barrier has always been getting finished
00:12:07 --> 00:12:09 products back to Earth affordably.
00:12:09 --> 00:12:12 Starfall, backed by Falcon 9's reusability
00:12:12 --> 00:12:15 economics, could be the vehicle that finally
00:12:15 --> 00:12:16 cracks that open.
00:12:17 --> 00:12:19 Avery: It's also worth noting that SpaceX
00:12:19 --> 00:12:22 simultaneously launched a $20 billion public
00:12:22 --> 00:12:24 bond offering on the same day as a Starfall
00:12:24 --> 00:12:27 demo. The company is clearly signaling that
00:12:27 --> 00:12:29 low Earth orbit manufacturing logistics is
00:12:29 --> 00:12:32 not a side project. It is a serious
00:12:32 --> 00:12:33 commercial business line.
00:12:33 --> 00:12:35 Anna: We'll bring you the splashdown news as, uh,
00:12:36 --> 00:12:38 soon as it comes in. Fingers crossed for a
00:12:38 --> 00:12:39 clean recovery.
00:12:39 --> 00:12:42 Avery: And for our final story today, we're
00:12:42 --> 00:12:44 traveling back in time, about 13 billion
00:12:44 --> 00:12:47 years, to be precise, to visit a galaxy
00:12:47 --> 00:12:49 that's in the process of building itself.
00:12:50 --> 00:12:52 Anna: Astronomers led from Leiden University in the
00:12:52 --> 00:12:55 Netherlands have discovered a vast reservoir
00:12:55 --> 00:12:58 of cold molecular gas in a galaxy
00:12:58 --> 00:13:01 called Rebels 25. And this
00:13:01 --> 00:13:03 gas is the direct raw material for star
00:13:03 --> 00:13:06 formation. We're seeing it as it appeared
00:13:06 --> 00:13:09 when the universe was only about 700 million
00:13:09 --> 00:13:12 years old. That's roughly 5% of the
00:13:12 --> 00:13:13 universe's current age.
00:13:14 --> 00:13:16 Avery: Now, to understand why this matters, here's a
00:13:16 --> 00:13:19 quick primer. Stars don't just appear from
00:13:19 --> 00:13:22 nothing. They form when enormous clouds of
00:13:22 --> 00:13:24 cold molecular gas, primarily hydrogen,
00:13:25 --> 00:13:27 become dense enough to collapse under their
00:13:27 --> 00:13:30 own gravity. The more cold gas a galaxy
00:13:30 --> 00:13:32 has, the more fuel it has to make new
00:13:32 --> 00:13:35 stars. Finding it is finding the engine.
00:13:36 --> 00:13:38 Anna: What makes the Rebels 25 discovery
00:13:38 --> 00:13:41 particularly exciting is its scale and its
00:13:41 --> 00:13:44 timing. The the researchers found not just a
00:13:44 --> 00:13:47 little cold gas, but a genuinely
00:13:47 --> 00:13:49 massive reservoir, far more than would have
00:13:49 --> 00:13:52 been expected in such a young galaxy. This
00:13:52 --> 00:13:54 tells us that even in the infant universe,
00:13:54 --> 00:13:57 some galaxies were accumulating the raw
00:13:57 --> 00:13:59 ingredients for star formation on a grand
00:13:59 --> 00:14:00 scale.
00:14:00 --> 00:14:03 Avery: The team used what's called redshift
00:14:03 --> 00:14:06 measurements to find and study Rebels 25,
00:14:06 --> 00:14:08 essentially measuring how much the universe's
00:14:08 --> 00:14:11 expansion has stretched the light from the
00:14:11 --> 00:14:13 galaxy to redder wavelengths over its long
00:14:13 --> 00:14:16 journey to us. Higher redshift means further
00:14:16 --> 00:14:19 away, and further away means further back in
00:14:19 --> 00:14:20 time.
00:14:20 --> 00:14:23 Anna: It's one of those stories that puts the scale
00:14:23 --> 00:14:25 of things into perspective. The light we're
00:14:25 --> 00:14:28 studying from Rebels 25 left that
00:14:28 --> 00:14:31 galaxy about 13 billion years ago.
00:14:31 --> 00:14:33 The stars that formed from that cold gas
00:14:33 --> 00:14:36 reservoir, if any of them still exist, would
00:14:36 --> 00:14:39 be among the oldest in the universe. And
00:14:39 --> 00:14:42 somewhere in that distant galaxy, right
00:14:42 --> 00:14:44 now, in its own reference frame, a, ah, star
00:14:44 --> 00:14:47 formation event is either happening or
00:14:47 --> 00:14:48 already long done.
00:14:49 --> 00:14:51 Avery: Cosmology never gets old.
00:14:51 --> 00:14:54 And on that beautifully mind bending note,
00:14:54 --> 00:14:55 it's time to wrap up today's show.
00:14:56 --> 00:14:59 Anna: That's Astronomy Daily for Wednesday, 25
00:14:59 --> 00:15:02 June 2026. We're season five,
00:15:02 --> 00:15:05 episode 123 and we are so glad
00:15:05 --> 00:15:05 you're here.
00:15:05 --> 00:15:08 Avery: You'll find today's show notes, source links,
00:15:08 --> 00:15:11 and our blog post over at astronomydaily
00:15:11 --> 00:15:13 IO. You can also follow us on social media.
00:15:13 --> 00:15:16 We're astrodaily, pod across x,
00:15:17 --> 00:15:19 Instagram, TikTok, and Tumblr.
00:15:19 --> 00:15:21 Anna: If you're enjoying the show, please take a
00:15:21 --> 00:15:23 moment to leave us a review. Wherever you
00:15:23 --> 00:15:26 listen, it genuinely helps new listeners find
00:15:26 --> 00:15:28 us. And we read every single one.
00:15:29 --> 00:15:31 Avery: Until tomorrow. Keep looking up.
00:15:31 --> 00:15:32 Anna: Clear skies everyone.
00:15:35 --> 00:15:35 Mhm.
00:15:38 --> 00:15:39 The.
00:15:43 --> 00:15:44 Story.