00:00:00 --> 00:00:02 Anna: Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your daily dose
00:00:02 --> 00:00:05 of the latest cosmic happenings. I'm Anna and
00:00:05 --> 00:00:07 I'm thrilled to guide you through today's
00:00:07 --> 00:00:09 fascinating discoveries. We've got an
00:00:09 --> 00:00:12 exciting lineup for you. First, we'll dive
00:00:12 --> 00:00:14 into the highly anticipated next flight of
00:00:14 --> 00:00:17 SpaceX's Starship, the colossal rocket making
00:00:17 --> 00:00:19 headlines. Then we'll explore the astonishing
00:00:19 --> 00:00:22 secrets unveiled about a powerful rapidly
00:00:22 --> 00:00:25 spinning neutron star thanks to new X ray
00:00:25 --> 00:00:27 observations. Get ready for a cosmic first
00:00:27 --> 00:00:29 as we hear about astronomers witnessing a
00:00:29 --> 00:00:31 solar system being born right before their
00:00:31 --> 00:00:34 eyes. And finally, we'll talk about the multi
00:00:34 --> 00:00:36 million dollar auction of the largest Mars
00:00:36 --> 00:00:39 meteorite ever found on Earth that I reported
00:00:39 --> 00:00:41 on yesterday. We have the auction results.
00:00:41 --> 00:00:43 Stay with us for all these stories and more.
00:00:45 --> 00:00:46 Let's kick things off with some exciting news
00:00:46 --> 00:00:49 from SpaceX as Elon Musk has announced that
00:00:49 --> 00:00:52 the next starship flight, the 10th test
00:00:52 --> 00:00:54 flight of this colossal rocket, is expected
00:00:54 --> 00:00:57 to launch in about three weeks. If all goes
00:00:57 --> 00:00:59 according to plan, this will be the fourth
00:00:59 --> 00:01:02 launch for starship this year. And it's a big
00:01:02 --> 00:01:05 deal because Starship is designed to be the
00:01:05 --> 00:01:07 biggest and most powerful rocket ever built,
00:01:07 --> 00:01:10 with both its super heavy booster and ship
00:01:10 --> 00:01:13 upper stage intended for full and rapid
00:01:13 --> 00:01:15 reusability. Now, Getting to Flight 10
00:01:15 --> 00:01:18 has been a bit of a bumpy ride. The ship
00:01:18 --> 00:01:20 upper stage that was originally slated for
00:01:20 --> 00:01:22 this mission actually exploded on a Test
00:01:22 --> 00:01:25 stand at SpaceX's Starbase site in South
00:01:25 --> 00:01:28 Texas back in June during preparations for a
00:01:28 --> 00:01:30 common pre launch engine trial. SpaceX
00:01:30 --> 00:01:33 quickly pinpointed the likely a failure
00:01:33 --> 00:01:35 of a pressurised nitrogen tank in the ship's
00:01:35 --> 00:01:38 nosecone area. The team is now working
00:01:38 --> 00:01:40 diligently to get a different ship vehicle
00:01:40 --> 00:01:43 ready for this upcoming Flight 10. It's
00:01:43 --> 00:01:45 no secret that the ship upper stage has faced
00:01:45 --> 00:01:47 some challenges in recent flights since
00:01:47 --> 00:01:50 SpaceX unfortunately lost the ship vehicle on
00:01:50 --> 00:01:53 flights 7, 8 and 9, which launched in
00:01:53 --> 00:01:54 January, March and May of this year
00:01:54 --> 00:01:57 respectively. For example, on Flight 8,
00:01:57 --> 00:01:59 which launched back in March, the
00:01:59 --> 00:02:02 171 foot tall ship upper stage was intended
00:02:02 --> 00:02:05 to deploy dummy Starlink satellites and then
00:02:05 --> 00:02:07 perform a controlled splashdown in the Indian
00:02:07 --> 00:02:10 Ocean. However, several of
00:02:10 --> 00:02:13 ship's six Raptor engines conked out towards
00:02:13 --> 00:02:15 the end of its ascent burn, causing the
00:02:15 --> 00:02:17 vehicle to tumble and SpaceX lost contact
00:02:17 --> 00:02:20 about nine minutes into the flight. It
00:02:20 --> 00:02:22 presumably detonated high in the sky shortly
00:02:22 --> 00:02:25 after. This mirrored what happened on Flight
00:02:25 --> 00:02:28 7, where the ship was also lost at a similar
00:02:28 --> 00:02:30 point in the mission. The anomaly on Flight 7
00:02:30 --> 00:02:33 was later traced to a harmonic
00:02:33 --> 00:02:35 response that was several times stronger in
00:02:35 --> 00:02:38 flight than observed during testing, leading
00:02:38 --> 00:02:40 to increased stress on propulsion system
00:02:40 --> 00:02:42 hardware, propellant leaks and sustained
00:02:42 --> 00:02:45 fires. For Flight 8, SpaceX
00:02:45 --> 00:02:47 had already taken steps to minimise the
00:02:47 --> 00:02:49 chances of recurrence, including a longer
00:02:49 --> 00:02:52 static fire test and hardware changes.
00:02:52 --> 00:02:55 In contrast to the ship, the super heavy
00:02:55 --> 00:02:56 booster has shown a more consistent
00:02:56 --> 00:02:59 performance. On Flight 7 and Flight
00:02:59 --> 00:03:01 8, the booster successfully returned to
00:03:01 --> 00:03:04 Starbase and was spectacularly caught by the
00:03:04 --> 00:03:06 launch tower's chopstick arms.
00:03:07 --> 00:03:09 This was a jaw dropping demonstration of a
00:03:09 --> 00:03:11 technique that SpaceX is refining.
00:03:12 --> 00:03:14 Flight 9 even featured the first ever reuse
00:03:14 --> 00:03:17 of a super heavy booster, putting the Flight
00:03:17 --> 00:03:20 7 booster back into action. Though on
00:03:20 --> 00:03:22 Flight 9, SpaceX didn't attempt to catch the
00:03:22 --> 00:03:24 booster again. It broke apart over the Gulf
00:03:24 --> 00:03:27 of Mexico shortly after initiating a landing
00:03:27 --> 00:03:30 burn. Over the long haul, SpaceX
00:03:30 --> 00:03:32 plans to employ this chopstick recovery
00:03:32 --> 00:03:35 strategy for both super Heavy and ship.
00:03:35 --> 00:03:37 This approach is key to making the reuse of
00:03:37 --> 00:03:40 each stage more efficient, with the ambitious
00:03:40 --> 00:03:42 goal of flying Starship multiple times per
00:03:42 --> 00:03:45 day. The ultimate vision, as articulated by
00:03:45 --> 00:03:48 Elon Musk, is that Starship's combination of
00:03:48 --> 00:03:51 immense power and full reusability will make
00:03:51 --> 00:03:54 Mars settlement economically feasible. The
00:03:54 --> 00:03:55 company has been steadily increasing its
00:03:55 --> 00:03:58 flight cadence, having flown in a fully
00:03:58 --> 00:04:00 stacked configuration for the first time in
00:04:00 --> 00:04:03 April of 2023, followed by another
00:04:03 --> 00:04:06 two flights in 2024 and already
00:04:06 --> 00:04:08 four so far this year. We should expect
00:04:08 --> 00:04:11 another significant boost in cadence, as
00:04:11 --> 00:04:13 SpaceX has already requested approval for an
00:04:13 --> 00:04:16 astounding 25 Starship launches from Starbase
00:04:16 --> 00:04:19 this year, so some quick turnarounds may be
00:04:19 --> 00:04:20 required if they wish to still reach that
00:04:20 --> 00:04:23 goal. And as of next year, SpaceX are
00:04:23 --> 00:04:26 looking to complete some 120 launches
00:04:26 --> 00:04:29 a year. It's so certainly a dynamic time in
00:04:29 --> 00:04:31 the world of space exploration, and we'll
00:04:31 --> 00:04:34 keep a close eye on Starship's next giant
00:04:34 --> 00:04:34 leap.
00:04:35 --> 00:04:37 Next up, we're diving into a groundbreaking
00:04:37 --> 00:04:40 discovery about a powerful, rapidly spinning
00:04:40 --> 00:04:42 neutron star known as PSR
00:04:42 --> 00:04:44 J1023
00:04:44 --> 00:04:46 0038, or
00:04:46 --> 00:04:48 J1023 for short.
00:04:48 --> 00:04:50 Astronomers have uncovered a major secret
00:04:50 --> 00:04:52 about this pulsar, revealing that the
00:04:52 --> 00:04:55 radiation it emits is primarily driven by
00:04:55 --> 00:04:58 the impact of its intense particle
00:04:58 --> 00:05:01 winds, rather than the material it strips
00:05:01 --> 00:05:03 away from its companion star. This is a
00:05:03 --> 00:05:06 significant finding that sheds new light on
00:05:06 --> 00:05:08 these fascinating cosmic objects.
00:05:08 --> 00:05:11 J1023 is truly a marvel.
00:05:12 --> 00:05:14 Located about 4 light years from Earth,
00:05:15 --> 00:05:17 it's part of a binary system where a dead
00:05:17 --> 00:05:19 star or neutron star spins an
00:05:19 --> 00:05:22 astounding 600 times per second while
00:05:22 --> 00:05:24 circling a low mass companion star that it
00:05:24 --> 00:05:27 feeds upon. Its rapid rotation
00:05:27 --> 00:05:29 categorises it as a millisecond pulsar.
00:05:30 --> 00:05:32 What makes J1023 even more special
00:05:33 --> 00:05:35 is its status as a transitional millisecond
00:05:35 --> 00:05:38 pulsar, a rare subclass because it clearly
00:05:38 --> 00:05:41 shifts between an active state, where it's
00:05:41 --> 00:05:42 accreting material and blasting out
00:05:42 --> 00:05:45 radiation, and a more dormant state where it
00:05:45 --> 00:05:47 behaves like a standard pulsar emitting radio
00:05:47 --> 00:05:50 waves. This makes J1023
00:05:50 --> 00:05:52 an invaluable cosmic laboratory for
00:05:52 --> 00:05:55 scientists. Traditionally, when a neutron
00:05:55 --> 00:05:57 star feeds on its companion, the stripped
00:05:57 --> 00:06:00 matter forms an accretion disc that swirls
00:06:00 --> 00:06:03 around the dead star, gradually feeding it
00:06:03 --> 00:06:05 while emitting powerful radiation across the
00:06:05 --> 00:06:08 electromagnetic spectrum. However,
00:06:08 --> 00:06:10 this new research tells a different story for
00:06:10 --> 00:06:13 J1023. The team used an
00:06:13 --> 00:06:14 impressive array of instruments for this
00:06:14 --> 00:06:17 study. NASA's Imaging X Ray Polarimetry
00:06:17 --> 00:06:20 Explorer, known as IXP, along with the
00:06:20 --> 00:06:22 European Southern Observatory's Very Large
00:06:22 --> 00:06:25 Telescope in Chile and the Carl G Jansky
00:06:25 --> 00:06:28 Very Large Array in New Mexico. This was
00:06:28 --> 00:06:31 the first survey of a binary X ray source
00:06:31 --> 00:06:33 observed across the X ray, optical and
00:06:33 --> 00:06:36 radio bands of the electromagnetic spectrum,
00:06:36 --> 00:06:38 allowing them to precisely determine the
00:06:38 --> 00:06:41 polarisation of the radiation coming from
00:06:41 --> 00:06:44 this pulsar. What they found
00:06:44 --> 00:06:47 was particularly exciting. Ixpe
00:06:47 --> 00:06:49 observed that a remarkable 12% of the x rays
00:06:49 --> 00:06:52 from J1023 were polarised, which
00:06:52 --> 00:06:54 is the highest level of polarisation ever
00:06:54 --> 00:06:57 seen from such a binary star system. While
00:06:57 --> 00:06:59 the radio waves and optical light emissions
00:07:00 --> 00:07:03 showed lower polarizations of 2% and 1%
00:07:03 --> 00:07:05 respectively, the optical polarisation was
00:07:05 --> 00:07:08 oriented in the same direction as the X ray
00:07:08 --> 00:07:11 polarisation. This alignment strongly
00:07:11 --> 00:07:13 suggests a, uh, common mechanism behind both
00:07:13 --> 00:07:16 phenomena. These findings confirm an earlier
00:07:16 --> 00:07:18 theory. The observed polarised emissions from
00:07:18 --> 00:07:21 binary systems like J1023
00:07:21 --> 00:07:24 are generated when the pulsar's powerful
00:07:24 --> 00:07:26 winds. Streams of high energy charged
00:07:26 --> 00:07:29 particles flowing from the dead star strike
00:07:29 --> 00:07:30 the matter in the surrounding accretion, uh,
00:07:30 --> 00:07:33 discs. This observation, though
00:07:33 --> 00:07:35 extremely challenging due to the low
00:07:35 --> 00:07:37 intensity of the X ray flux, was made
00:07:37 --> 00:07:40 possible by IXPE's exceptional sensitivity.
00:07:40 --> 00:07:43 This research could finally help scientists
00:07:43 --> 00:07:45 unlock the secrets of what truly powers
00:07:45 --> 00:07:47 pulsars, offering us a clearer picture of
00:07:47 --> 00:07:49 these incredible objects
00:07:50 --> 00:07:52 moving from distant pulsars.
00:07:52 --> 00:07:54 Let's turn our attention to something
00:07:54 --> 00:07:57 incredibly exciting that brings us closer to
00:07:57 --> 00:08:00 understanding our own origins. For the first
00:08:00 --> 00:08:03 time ever, scientists have witnessed the very
00:08:03 --> 00:08:05 earliest stages of planet formation around a
00:08:05 --> 00:08:08 baby star roughly 1
00:08:08 --> 00:08:10 light years away. This groundbreaking
00:08:10 --> 00:08:13 discovery means astronomers actually watched
00:08:13 --> 00:08:15 hot minerals crystallise into solid
00:08:15 --> 00:08:17 particles, effectively catching a planetary
00:08:17 --> 00:08:19 system at the precise, um, moment when
00:08:19 --> 00:08:21 planets begin to take shape. It's like having
00:08:21 --> 00:08:24 a cosmic time machine, offering an
00:08:24 --> 00:08:26 unprecedented glimpse into the birth of our
00:08:26 --> 00:08:29 own solar system. This breakthrough came from
00:08:29 --> 00:08:31 studying a young star named Hops315,
00:08:32 --> 00:08:34 which is encircled by a swirling disc of gas
00:08:34 --> 00:08:37 and dust called a protoplanetary disc.
00:08:37 --> 00:08:40 Using the incredible power of the James Webb
00:08:40 --> 00:08:41 Space Telescope and the Atacama Large
00:08:41 --> 00:08:44 Millimetre Array, or ALMA, astronomers
00:08:44 --> 00:08:47 detected silicon monoxide, or SiO,
00:08:47 --> 00:08:49 as it transitioned from gas into solid
00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 crystalline minerals. This is considered the
00:08:51 --> 00:08:54 absolutely crucial first step in planet
00:08:54 --> 00:08:56 formation. Melissa McClure, the lead author
00:08:56 --> 00:08:58 from Leiden University of highlighted the
00:08:58 --> 00:09:00 significance, stating that for the first time
00:09:01 --> 00:09:03 they've identified the earliest moment when
00:09:03 --> 00:09:05 planet formation is initiated around a star
00:09:06 --> 00:09:08 other than our Sun. This finding provides an
00:09:08 --> 00:09:11 unparalleled window into how rocky planets
00:09:11 --> 00:09:13 like Earth actually come into existence.
00:09:14 --> 00:09:16 It's fascinating to consider that in our own
00:09:16 --> 00:09:19 solar system, similar crystalline minerals
00:09:19 --> 00:09:21 are found trapped in ancient meteorites,
00:09:21 --> 00:09:23 primordial rocks that scientists used to date
00:09:23 --> 00:09:26 the beginning of our solar system. These
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 meteorites contain the very same silicon
00:09:28 --> 00:09:31 monoxide compounds now being observed around
00:09:31 --> 00:09:34 hops 315, albeit in their fully
00:09:34 --> 00:09:36 solidified state. Merrill Van't Hoff from
00:09:36 --> 00:09:39 Purdue University eloquently described their
00:09:39 --> 00:09:41 discovery as a picture of the baby solar
00:09:41 --> 00:09:44 system, noting that we are truly
00:09:44 --> 00:09:46 seeing a system that looks like what our
00:09:46 --> 00:09:48 solar system looked like when it was just
00:09:48 --> 00:09:51 beginning to form. The research team
00:09:51 --> 00:09:54 pinpointed that this mineral formation is
00:09:54 --> 00:09:55 occurring in a region equivalent to the
00:09:55 --> 00:09:58 location of our own asteroid asteroid belt
00:09:58 --> 00:10:00 around the sun. This isn't a coincidence.
00:10:01 --> 00:10:03 It's exactly where astronomers would expect
00:10:03 --> 00:10:06 to find the building blocks of rocky
00:10:06 --> 00:10:09 planets. The process itself is quite elegant.
00:10:09 --> 00:10:11 Close to young stars, the intense heat keeps
00:10:11 --> 00:10:14 silicon monoxide in a gaseous state. But as
00:10:14 --> 00:10:15 temperatures drop with increasing distance
00:10:15 --> 00:10:18 from the star, this gas starts to condense
00:10:18 --> 00:10:21 into solid crystals. These tiny particles
00:10:21 --> 00:10:23 then begin to stick together, gradually
00:10:23 --> 00:10:25 growing larger, until they form kilometre
00:10:25 --> 00:10:28 sized planetesimals, which are
00:10:28 --> 00:10:30 essentially the seeds that will eventually
00:10:30 --> 00:10:33 become full fledged planets. Edwin
00:10:33 --> 00:10:35 Bergen, a UH co author from the University of
00:10:35 --> 00:10:38 Michigan, emphasised that this process has
00:10:38 --> 00:10:40 never been seen before in a protoplanetary
00:10:40 --> 00:10:43 disc or anywhere else outside of our solar
00:10:43 --> 00:10:46 system. The detection required the combined
00:10:46 --> 00:10:48 might of two of astronomy's most powerful
00:10:48 --> 00:10:51 tools. The James Webb Space Telescope
00:10:51 --> 00:10:53 initially identified the chemical signatures
00:10:53 --> 00:10:56 of these crystalline minerals and then
00:10:56 --> 00:10:58 ALMA precisely pinpointed their exact
00:10:58 --> 00:11:01 location within the protoplanetary disc,
00:11:01 --> 00:11:04 revealing that they were forming in a narrow
00:11:04 --> 00:11:07 ring around the star. The observations not
00:11:07 --> 00:11:09 only showed gaseous silicon monoxide actively
00:11:09 --> 00:11:12 condensing into solid particles, but also
00:11:12 --> 00:11:14 revealed carbon monoxide streaming away from
00:11:14 --> 00:11:17 the star in a butterfly shaped wind, while
00:11:17 --> 00:11:19 silicon monoxide jets beamed outward in
00:11:19 --> 00:11:22 narrow streams. This discovery
00:11:22 --> 00:11:25 transforms HOPS 315 into a natural
00:11:25 --> 00:11:27 laboratory for studying planetary formation.
00:11:28 --> 00:11:31 Logan Francis, a UH postdoctoral researcher
00:11:31 --> 00:11:33 at Leiden University, pointed out that they
00:11:33 --> 00:11:35 are literally seeing these minerals at the
00:11:35 --> 00:11:37 same location in this extrasolar system as
00:11:37 --> 00:11:40 where we find them in asteroids in our own
00:11:40 --> 00:11:42 solar system. The findings strongly suggest
00:11:42 --> 00:11:45 that planet formation follows universal
00:11:45 --> 00:11:47 patterns across the galaxy. The same physical
00:11:47 --> 00:11:50 processes that created Earth and other rocky
00:11:50 --> 00:11:52 planets in our solar system are actively
00:11:52 --> 00:11:55 occurring around distant stars, providing
00:11:55 --> 00:11:57 astronomers with living examples of planetary
00:11:57 --> 00:12:00 birth. This opens up exciting new
00:12:00 --> 00:12:02 possibilities for understanding how common
00:12:02 --> 00:12:04 Earth like planets might be throughout the
00:12:04 --> 00:12:06 universe, all while offering direct
00:12:06 --> 00:12:08 observational evidence of the processes that
00:12:08 --> 00:12:11 shaped our cosmic neighbourhood 4.6 billion
00:12:11 --> 00:12:12 years ago.
00:12:13 --> 00:12:15 From the birth of solar systems to more
00:12:15 --> 00:12:17 tangible relics, let's talk about something
00:12:17 --> 00:12:20 incredibly rare that just changed hands for a
00:12:20 --> 00:12:22 hefty sum. As I reported
00:12:22 --> 00:12:25 yesterday, the largest Mars meteorite ever
00:12:25 --> 00:12:28 found on Earth was auctioned off at Sotheby's
00:12:28 --> 00:12:30 in New York city. This jagged
00:12:30 --> 00:12:33 54 pound chunk of the red planet formerly
00:12:33 --> 00:12:35 known as NWA 16788
00:12:36 --> 00:12:38 sold for an astonishing $4.3 million.
00:12:40 --> 00:12:41 Interestingly, the bidding war wasn't quite
00:12:41 --> 00:12:44 as fervent as some expected, even though its
00:12:44 --> 00:12:46 starting price was already set at $2 million.
00:12:47 --> 00:12:49 Still, the final sale price surpassed the
00:12:49 --> 00:12:52 initial maximum estimate of $4 million, with
00:12:52 --> 00:12:54 extra fees pushing the total lot price to
00:12:54 --> 00:12:57 around $5.3 million. Cassandra Hatton,
00:12:57 --> 00:12:59 the vice chairman of science and natural
00:12:59 --> 00:13:02 history at Sotheby's, highlighted that NWA
00:13:02 --> 00:13:05 16788 isn't just notable for its
00:13:05 --> 00:13:08 size, being about 70% larger than the
00:13:08 --> 00:13:11 next biggest Mars meteorite on Earth, but
00:13:11 --> 00:13:14 also for its appearance. She noted that it
00:13:14 --> 00:13:16 literally looks just like the surface of the
00:13:16 --> 00:13:19 Red Planet, distinguishing it from smaller,
00:13:19 --> 00:13:21 less striking Martian meteorites that often
00:13:21 --> 00:13:24 sell for tens of thousands. The
00:13:24 --> 00:13:26 identity of the new owner of this unique
00:13:26 --> 00:13:29 piece of Mars remains private, as buyers
00:13:29 --> 00:13:31 often choose to stay anonymous for various
00:13:31 --> 00:13:34 reasons, including safety or a desire to be
00:13:34 --> 00:13:36 an anonymous donor to a museum. This
00:13:36 --> 00:13:39 Mars rock was just one of many rare items
00:13:39 --> 00:13:41 sold at the auction, which also included a
00:13:41 --> 00:13:44 juvenile ceratosaurus skeleton for $26
00:13:44 --> 00:13:46 million and a Tyrannosaurus rex foot
00:13:46 --> 00:13:49 for 1.4 million. The auctioning of
00:13:49 --> 00:13:52 scientific objects often sparks debate. While
00:13:52 --> 00:13:54 some argue such items should be freely
00:13:54 --> 00:13:56 donated to scientific laboratories or public
00:13:56 --> 00:13:59 spaces, Hatton suggests that attaching
00:13:59 --> 00:14:01 monetary value can incentivize collectors to
00:14:01 --> 00:14:03 properly care for them perhaps even better
00:14:03 --> 00:14:06 than underfunded museums. She also points out
00:14:06 --> 00:14:08 that many collectors do end up donating their
00:14:08 --> 00:14:11 purchases or allowing them to be displayed,
00:14:11 --> 00:14:13 sometimes even providing additional funds for
00:14:13 --> 00:14:15 the institution to care for the objects or
00:14:15 --> 00:14:17 support postdoctoral researchers
00:14:18 --> 00:14:21 to verify its authenticity. A small piece of
00:14:21 --> 00:14:23 NWA 16788
00:14:24 --> 00:14:27 was indeed broken off and sent to a lab for
00:14:27 --> 00:14:29 analysis, with the findings published in the
00:14:29 --> 00:14:32 Meteoritical Bulletin making data available
00:14:32 --> 00:14:33 for scientists.
00:14:34 --> 00:14:36 And that brings us to the end of another
00:14:36 --> 00:14:39 fascinating episode of Astronomy Daily.
00:14:39 --> 00:14:41 Thank you for tuning in. Don't forget to
00:14:41 --> 00:14:44 visit our website, astronomydaily IO
00:14:44 --> 00:14:46 where you can catch up on all the latest
00:14:46 --> 00:14:48 space and astronomy news with our constantly
00:14:48 --> 00:14:50 updating news feedback. And if you're a
00:14:50 --> 00:14:52 completionist, you can listen to all our back
00:14:52 --> 00:14:55 episodes. Let me know if you do and I'll give
00:14:55 --> 00:14:57 you a shout out here on the show. You can
00:14:57 --> 00:14:59 also subscribe to Astronomy Daily on Apple
00:14:59 --> 00:15:02 Podcasts, Spotify, YouTube,
00:15:02 --> 00:15:05 or wherever you get your podcasts. We'll be
00:15:05 --> 00:15:08 back tomorrow with more cosmic updates. Until
00:15:08 --> 00:15:10 then, this is Anna signing off and reminding
00:15:10 --> 00:15:11 you to keep looking up.