Source:
https://www.spreaker.com/episode/444-cosmic-movements-solar-mysteries-unveiled--61067192
Space Nuts Q&A: Measuring Movement, Sun's Fuel, Mars Hypotheticals, and Wormholes
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this lively Q&A episode of Space Nuts, where they tackle listener questions on a range of fascinating topics in SpaceTime science.
Episode Highlights:
- Measuring Movement in the Universe: JR from Ohio asks if everything in the universe moves and how we can measure that. Fred Watson Watson delves into the cosmic web, dark matter, and the fundamental principles of gravity and motion.
- - The Sun's Fuel: Rod from Bloomington, Illinois, questions how the Sun can burn 600 million tonnes of hydrogen every second without dimming or shrinking. Fred Watson Watson explains the process of nuclear fusion and the balance between gravity and radiation pressure.
- - Mars Hypothetical: Mick from Dublin wonders what would happen if Mars were suddenly removed from the solar system. Andrew and Fred Watson discuss the potential gravitational impacts on Earth and the Moon, and the broader effects on the solar system's structure.
- - Wormholes and Gravity: Gergo from Slovakia asks a hypothetical question about the gravitational pull near a wormhole and a black hole. Fred Watson Watson explores the theoretical implications and the stability of wormholes in extreme gravitational fields.
- Don't forget to send us your questions for our Q&A episodes via our website... https://www.spacenuts.io
- Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar journey by visiting our websitehttps://www.bitesz.com/show/space-nuts/support/. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.Visit our websites:
- https://www.spacenuts.io
- https://www.bitesz.com
00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 hi there thanks for joining us this is a
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 Q&A edition of Space Nuts my name is
00:00:06 --> 00:00:08 Andrew Dunley um same as it was last
00:00:08 --> 00:00:10 week strangely coming up we've got
00:00:10 --> 00:00:12 questions to answer we mentioned
00:00:13 --> 00:00:15 recently that everything moves in the
00:00:15 --> 00:00:18 universe Fred said that uh it's prompted
00:00:18 --> 00:00:21 a question from Jr how do we measure
00:00:21 --> 00:00:23 that uh rod wants to know about the
00:00:24 --> 00:00:27 sun's fuel Mick has a Mars hypothetical
00:00:27 --> 00:00:30 for us and time permitting uh we will be
00:00:30 --> 00:00:32 looking at wormholes in gravity that's
00:00:32 --> 00:00:35 all coming up on this Q&A edition of
00:00:35 --> 00:00:38 Space Nuts 15 seconds guidance is
00:00:38 --> 00:00:42 internal 10 9 ignition sequence start
00:00:43 --> 00:00:49 Space Nuts 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 5 4 3 2 1 Space
00:00:49 --> 00:00:52 Nuts as the nuts reported feels good and
00:00:52 --> 00:00:54 to answer all those questions and much
00:00:54 --> 00:00:57 much more Professor Fred Watson hello
00:00:57 --> 00:01:01 Fred hello Andrew hello I'm well long
00:01:01 --> 00:01:02 time no
00:01:02 --> 00:01:04 see
00:01:04 --> 00:01:08 um so you're still called Andrew dley
00:01:08 --> 00:01:13 yes funny for prefect
00:01:13 --> 00:01:16 now well no one calls me Zord bble
00:01:16 --> 00:01:17 Brocks I'll tell you that
00:01:17 --> 00:01:22 much didn't go the face for that right
00:01:22 --> 00:01:24 if I was in Tasmania
00:01:24 --> 00:01:28 however don't go that sorry sorry oh no
00:01:28 --> 00:01:30 I I crossed that line I
00:01:30 --> 00:01:33 apologize what do they say in Parliament
00:01:33 --> 00:01:37 withdrawn that's that's what they say
00:01:37 --> 00:01:38 when they want to insult someone and
00:01:38 --> 00:01:41 then get out of trouble withdrawn you're
00:01:41 --> 00:01:44 ugly
00:01:44 --> 00:01:46 withdrawn yeah I love watching
00:01:46 --> 00:01:50 Parliament on TV do you ever do it um
00:01:50 --> 00:01:52 yes because um it's kind of almost part
00:01:52 --> 00:01:54 of my job from time to time know about
00:01:54 --> 00:01:56 this sort of thing I don't I don't know
00:01:56 --> 00:01:58 what I get out of it um because I just
00:01:58 --> 00:02:01 think democracy is so broken and yet
00:02:01 --> 00:02:03 here I am captivated by these grown
00:02:03 --> 00:02:05 human beings tearing strips off each
00:02:05 --> 00:02:08 other over
00:02:09 --> 00:02:13 ideology anyway whatever um shall we
00:02:13 --> 00:02:18 answer some questions Fred uh
00:02:18 --> 00:02:22 withdraw we can do that too we can do
00:02:22 --> 00:02:25 anything question yes all right let's
00:02:25 --> 00:02:26 let's do that uh our first question
00:02:27 --> 00:02:30 today comes from Jr he said hi I've been
00:02:30 --> 00:02:32 listening to your show for many years
00:02:32 --> 00:02:34 and for the first time ever I thought I
00:02:34 --> 00:02:36 should ask a question yes you should
00:02:36 --> 00:02:38 what's the question
00:02:38 --> 00:02:41 J I'm listening to episode 441 he says
00:02:41 --> 00:02:44 and Fred said something like everything
00:02:44 --> 00:02:46 in the Universe moves so I might as well
00:02:47 --> 00:02:50 too uh is that true that everything in
00:02:50 --> 00:02:52 the Universe moves how could we measure
00:02:52 --> 00:02:56 that thanks for everything Jr who's in
00:02:56 --> 00:02:59 Ohio thanks Jr lovely to hear from you
00:02:59 --> 00:03:01 and I'm looking forward to the Bengals
00:03:01 --> 00:03:03 season they're looking pretty Schmick
00:03:03 --> 00:03:05 for the um for the football season in
00:03:05 --> 00:03:07 America this year that's beside the
00:03:07 --> 00:03:10 point um not necessarily they probably
00:03:10 --> 00:03:13 move too I guess they they move very
00:03:13 --> 00:03:16 very well very very well I'm not sure
00:03:16 --> 00:03:17 about the quarterback's new haircut but
00:03:17 --> 00:03:20 I can live with it if you play as well
00:03:20 --> 00:03:23 yeah yeah yeah um yeah everything moves
00:03:23 --> 00:03:25 yes or no and I think the answer is yes
00:03:25 --> 00:03:29 uh and how do we measure that um so we
00:03:29 --> 00:03:30 we know everything moves just because
00:03:30 --> 00:03:33 the the way in which everything's formed
00:03:33 --> 00:03:38 uh if you think of um The Big Bang uh
00:03:38 --> 00:03:41 the sort of underlying scaffolding of
00:03:41 --> 00:03:43 structure we think was imposed on the on
00:03:44 --> 00:03:46 the universe very early on which is this
00:03:46 --> 00:03:48 what we call the cosmic web and we think
00:03:48 --> 00:03:49 it was dark matter we think it was a web
00:03:50 --> 00:03:53 of Dark Matter uh which um itself is
00:03:53 --> 00:03:58 moving um because uh you know the the
00:03:58 --> 00:04:00 the effects of gravity
00:04:00 --> 00:04:03 uh or the expansion are always to shove
00:04:03 --> 00:04:06 things along and then more especially
00:04:06 --> 00:04:08 when objects that aren't made of dark
00:04:08 --> 00:04:10 matter in other words stars and galaxies
00:04:10 --> 00:04:12 when they start forming the formation
00:04:12 --> 00:04:15 process naturally imparts the spin to
00:04:15 --> 00:04:17 things um and so you've always got
00:04:18 --> 00:04:20 this interesting balance between motion
00:04:20 --> 00:04:24 and gravity the two go together uh it's
00:04:24 --> 00:04:27 almost a you know a rule to say you
00:04:27 --> 00:04:30 can't have gravity without motion um
00:04:30 --> 00:04:32 probably probably more accurate to say
00:04:32 --> 00:04:34 you can't survive gravity without motion
00:04:34 --> 00:04:36 because
00:04:36 --> 00:04:39 uh and I'm talking now about things in
00:04:39 --> 00:04:41 space uh it's the orbital motion of
00:04:41 --> 00:04:44 something around a a a gravitational
00:04:44 --> 00:04:47 object a massive object that that stops
00:04:47 --> 00:04:50 IT from being pulled in to the center uh
00:04:50 --> 00:04:53 so we uh we are always if you've got
00:04:53 --> 00:04:56 objects in orbit if you've got galaxies
00:04:56 --> 00:05:00 rotating if you've got uh even the the
00:05:00 --> 00:05:02 the you know the cosmic web uh has
00:05:02 --> 00:05:06 vibrations or has movements along it um
00:05:06 --> 00:05:08 It's All In Motion uh so you can measure
00:05:08 --> 00:05:11 a lot of it um jl's question is how do
00:05:11 --> 00:05:13 you measure it uh a lot of it we can
00:05:13 --> 00:05:14 measure directly we can certainly
00:05:14 --> 00:05:16 measure the rotation of galaxies
00:05:16 --> 00:05:17 accurately we can measure the motion of
00:05:18 --> 00:05:21 galaxies in clusters accurately um and
00:05:21 --> 00:05:24 uh on the very largest scales we can we
00:05:24 --> 00:05:27 can measure um what we call the proper
00:05:27 --> 00:05:30 motions of things that sorry the
00:05:30 --> 00:05:32 peculiar motions of things their their
00:05:32 --> 00:05:34 own peculiar motion relating to the
00:05:34 --> 00:05:37 Hubble flow which is the flow of the
00:05:37 --> 00:05:39 expansion of the universe which itself
00:05:39 --> 00:05:41 is in motion so there you go it's all
00:05:41 --> 00:05:44 moving it's all moving um it's like
00:05:44 --> 00:05:46 clockwork isn't it Fred yes very much so
00:05:46 --> 00:05:48 that's right yeah want to know who's
00:05:48 --> 00:05:51 winding it up though uh it got wound up
00:05:51 --> 00:05:52 in the beginning that's the that's the
00:05:52 --> 00:05:55 bottom line it's a very very longting
00:05:55 --> 00:05:57 spring once the Big Bang happened
00:05:58 --> 00:06:00 everything just happened afterwards by
00:06:00 --> 00:06:03 default y so and it's still happening
00:06:03 --> 00:06:05 it's still going it's still moving we
00:06:05 --> 00:06:10 still see remnants of the Big Bang um
00:06:10 --> 00:06:13 gravity's a big factor in the way things
00:06:13 --> 00:06:17 are inter relating uh it's it's a it's a
00:06:17 --> 00:06:21 cosmic dance is what it
00:06:21 --> 00:06:23 is all right thank you Jr we got over
00:06:23 --> 00:06:25 that one quick yes everything's moving
00:06:25 --> 00:06:28 yes and we can measure that because we
00:06:28 --> 00:06:31 can that's from the answer uh we've got
00:06:31 --> 00:06:33 an audio question Fred this one comes
00:06:33 --> 00:06:37 from Rod hi Andrew and Professor Watson
00:06:37 --> 00:06:39 this is Rod from Bloomington Illinois
00:06:39 --> 00:06:42 question for you about the fuel reserves
00:06:42 --> 00:06:45 in the sun if the Sun is consuming 600
00:06:45 --> 00:06:48 million tons of hydrogen every second
00:06:48 --> 00:06:51 why is it not dimming and
00:06:51 --> 00:06:53 shrinking does this mean that fuel is
00:06:53 --> 00:06:56 being replenished or are there some
00:06:56 --> 00:06:59 hydrogen atoms just waiting around to be
00:06:59 --> 00:07:02 burned in five billion years at the end
00:07:02 --> 00:07:06 of the life of the sun thanks longtime
00:07:06 --> 00:07:07 listener always enjoy the
00:07:07 --> 00:07:11 show thanks Rod I I really like this
00:07:11 --> 00:07:13 question because I I find the the sun to
00:07:13 --> 00:07:17 be quite a mystery because it's burning
00:07:17 --> 00:07:21 fuel at a rate that would you know make
00:07:21 --> 00:07:28 um a tractor uh unhappy uh and and and
00:07:28 --> 00:07:30 you got to wonder about how how it
00:07:30 --> 00:07:32 survives for such a long period of time
00:07:32 --> 00:07:35 if it's burning so
00:07:35 --> 00:07:38 ferociously yeah it's a it's a process
00:07:38 --> 00:07:40 of it's not so much burning it's nuclear
00:07:40 --> 00:07:43 fusion so I was about to say it's
00:07:43 --> 00:07:45 probably more to do with nuclear
00:07:46 --> 00:07:49 activity than it is a um a pile of
00:07:50 --> 00:07:53 matches but yeah 600 million tons it is
00:07:53 --> 00:07:57 a lot um and but but that's not just
00:07:57 --> 00:08:00 Vanishing Into The Ether uh what you get
00:08:00 --> 00:08:02 uh with the basic nuclear reaction
00:08:02 --> 00:08:04 that's taking place in the core of the
00:08:04 --> 00:08:06 Sun uh from that 600 million tons you
00:08:06 --> 00:08:11 get about 596 million tons of helium so
00:08:11 --> 00:08:12 you know there there's something still
00:08:12 --> 00:08:15 there and the and the deficit the 4
00:08:15 --> 00:08:19 million tons of hydrogen uh basically
00:08:19 --> 00:08:22 are what's converted to energy so it's
00:08:22 --> 00:08:23 that 4 million tons of hydrogen per
00:08:23 --> 00:08:26 second that makes the sun shine uh that
00:08:26 --> 00:08:29 makes it so bright um now that's all
00:08:29 --> 00:08:31 happening right down in the core of the
00:08:31 --> 00:08:35 of the sun um and the core is actually
00:08:35 --> 00:08:38 relatively small uh it's the energy that
00:08:38 --> 00:08:40 comes from that that keeps the rest of
00:08:40 --> 00:08:42 the sun most of which is hydrogen from
00:08:42 --> 00:08:44 collapsing uh so you can think of the
00:08:44 --> 00:08:46 core as being the furnace and the rest
00:08:47 --> 00:08:51 of the sun being being the fuel um and
00:08:51 --> 00:08:54 basically it uh it will continue to do
00:08:54 --> 00:08:58 that for um yes a few billion years yet
00:08:58 --> 00:09:00 uh because the Sun is so big and its
00:09:00 --> 00:09:03 reserves of hydrogen are so enormous um
00:09:03 --> 00:09:07 and so that's um that's the basic
00:09:07 --> 00:09:09 process uh the the I can't remember
00:09:09 --> 00:09:11 whether I said this but the energy comes
00:09:11 --> 00:09:13 out mostly in the form of gamma rays and
00:09:13 --> 00:09:16 x-rays uh there's other stuff as well
00:09:16 --> 00:09:19 but that's the main thing and you and I
00:09:19 --> 00:09:22 have talked before um
00:09:22 --> 00:09:25 Andrew what's your name again it's
00:09:25 --> 00:09:27 because I Ford prefect there it's just
00:09:28 --> 00:09:31 sent me off on a different track
00:09:31 --> 00:09:33 together because call me Zod if you like
00:09:34 --> 00:09:37 Zod last time we spoke about this Zod we
00:09:37 --> 00:09:40 we went into the U the you know the
00:09:40 --> 00:09:44 details of of why um we get light out at
00:09:44 --> 00:09:46 the end and it's because of all the um
00:09:46 --> 00:09:48 that radiation that's C that's generated
00:09:49 --> 00:09:52 in the core basically um is absorbed and
00:09:52 --> 00:09:55 reemitted by other atoms over a period
00:09:55 --> 00:09:59 of what was it 7 170 years or
00:09:59 --> 00:10:00 something like that it's getting on for
00:10:00 --> 00:10:03 a million years anyway um before it
00:10:03 --> 00:10:05 actually reaches the surface and and
00:10:05 --> 00:10:09 comes out um comes out as sunlight so uh
00:10:09 --> 00:10:13 interesting stuff um but I mean the sun
00:10:13 --> 00:10:15 is stable at the moment the balance
00:10:15 --> 00:10:19 between its uh gravity wanting to pull
00:10:19 --> 00:10:21 the hydrogen inwards and the radiation
00:10:21 --> 00:10:23 pressure coming outwards is perfectly
00:10:23 --> 00:10:27 balanced but when that changes uh once
00:10:27 --> 00:10:30 um the Sun starts burning helium which
00:10:30 --> 00:10:32 will happen when it runs out of hydrogen
00:10:33 --> 00:10:35 then the the basically the nature of the
00:10:35 --> 00:10:38 sun itself will change that's when we'll
00:10:39 --> 00:10:42 it'll turn into a red giant star so it
00:10:42 --> 00:10:44 will when it starts to deplete its
00:10:44 --> 00:10:46 resources and changes fuel it will
00:10:46 --> 00:10:49 expand and then when that burns out
00:10:49 --> 00:10:52 it'll wi DWF that's right actually this
00:10:52 --> 00:10:55 this it's the envelope that expands the
00:10:55 --> 00:10:58 the nucleus will be collapsing slowly uh
00:10:58 --> 00:11:00 during that until eventually it does
00:11:00 --> 00:11:02 become a white dwarf star that's
00:11:02 --> 00:11:05 correct it'll get pretty cold here uh
00:11:05 --> 00:11:07 well the BL will be gone because the
00:11:07 --> 00:11:11 we'll be able absorbed w't we we yes
00:11:11 --> 00:11:12 think it's going to be fairly ugly I
00:11:12 --> 00:11:15 think one way or other well hopefully
00:11:15 --> 00:11:17 we've um paid up all our electricity so
00:11:18 --> 00:11:20 that we can charge the ion engines to
00:11:20 --> 00:11:24 get off the planet yes yeah by then who
00:11:24 --> 00:11:25 knows going to need them going to need
00:11:25 --> 00:11:28 them yeah definitely going to need them
00:11:28 --> 00:11:30 uh thank you Rod uh great question uh
00:11:30 --> 00:11:32 this is Space Nuts with Andrew Dunley
00:11:32 --> 00:11:36 and Professor Fred
00:11:36 --> 00:11:40 Watson and I feeline space nuts I must
00:11:40 --> 00:11:43 confess Fred that um when I prepared
00:11:43 --> 00:11:45 this show I got everything locked in all
00:11:45 --> 00:11:48 the questions written up and uh now I've
00:11:48 --> 00:11:50 reached a point where I can't remember
00:11:50 --> 00:11:52 what this question is from Mick all I've
00:11:52 --> 00:11:55 got written down is Mars's hypothetical
00:11:55 --> 00:11:59 so drum roll please yes it's what
00:11:59 --> 00:12:01 happens if Mars gets
00:12:01 --> 00:12:06 removed oh that's right hi guys make par
00:12:07 --> 00:12:11 um I tal question uh they came basically
00:12:11 --> 00:12:16 because I was thinking about Ro pets so
00:12:16 --> 00:12:18 my understanding is roog canots are cans
00:12:18 --> 00:12:22 that lost their son um and more or less
00:12:22 --> 00:12:25 that we ejected from their solar system
00:12:25 --> 00:12:27 think this normally happens during the
00:12:27 --> 00:12:29 formation of the solar system
00:12:29 --> 00:12:30 not
00:12:30 --> 00:12:34 sure but it Le me to think what would
00:12:34 --> 00:12:35 happen
00:12:35 --> 00:12:39 if something catastrophic Happ to
00:12:39 --> 00:12:43 Mars um like something out of a sci-fi
00:12:43 --> 00:12:47 movie where it was hit by a m asteroid
00:12:47 --> 00:12:51 or was some Mass explosions I don't know
00:12:51 --> 00:12:54 H but let's just say ours suddenly left
00:12:54 --> 00:12:57 the solar system what would be the
00:12:57 --> 00:13:01 effect on us and the tallish Earth would
00:13:01 --> 00:13:04 we start falling in towards the sun
00:13:04 --> 00:13:08 because we have have any gravitational
00:13:08 --> 00:13:12 pull from Mars and or would we be would
00:13:12 --> 00:13:14 we move out from the
00:13:14 --> 00:13:18 Sun um also what would happen to the
00:13:18 --> 00:13:21 mood I suspect something would happen to
00:13:21 --> 00:13:22 the mood
00:13:22 --> 00:13:25 because I was to be some
00:13:25 --> 00:13:26 gravitational
00:13:26 --> 00:13:29 from Mars on our
00:13:29 --> 00:13:34 will anyway just uh think an out loud
00:13:34 --> 00:13:38 mon in a voice message done it before so
00:13:38 --> 00:13:40 keep got the good work really love the
00:13:40 --> 00:13:43 podcast cheers guys thank you Mick love
00:13:43 --> 00:13:46 the accent and great question thank you
00:13:46 --> 00:13:48 for sending it in I was a rogue Planet
00:13:48 --> 00:13:52 once years ago Fred I lost my son in a
00:13:52 --> 00:13:56 supermarket there you go it's true story
00:13:56 --> 00:13:59 scared me Willies
00:13:59 --> 00:14:00 I found him around the corner in another
00:14:01 --> 00:14:03 aisle but um yeah it's a it's a terrible
00:14:03 --> 00:14:05 feeling when you lose your son when you
00:14:05 --> 00:14:07 lose your son whether you're a planet or
00:14:07 --> 00:14:08 a parent
00:14:08 --> 00:14:12 it's problem it's a great hypothetical
00:14:12 --> 00:14:14 it's a great hypothetical and my my
00:14:14 --> 00:14:16 science fiction brain is suddenly sort
00:14:16 --> 00:14:18 of venturing towards Mars being
00:14:18 --> 00:14:22 obliterated by something and deos has
00:14:22 --> 00:14:25 you know making a be line for Earth that
00:14:25 --> 00:14:27 that's the first thing I thought of yep
00:14:27 --> 00:14:30 that's right that's your fiction brain
00:14:30 --> 00:14:34 um so uh I think that the issue for me
00:14:34 --> 00:14:38 is that whatever gets rid of Mars is
00:14:38 --> 00:14:41 going to be the thing that uh makes a
00:14:41 --> 00:14:43 big effect on the on the orbit of Earth
00:14:43 --> 00:14:46 rather than Mars not being there um I
00:14:46 --> 00:14:49 think you know if if Mars had never been
00:14:49 --> 00:14:53 there maybe the solar system would look
00:14:53 --> 00:14:56 similar to what it does now uh there
00:14:56 --> 00:15:00 might be nuances of difference um we
00:15:00 --> 00:15:03 know that the planets have kind of wound
00:15:03 --> 00:15:05 up in a in a particular order which is
00:15:05 --> 00:15:08 governed by something called bodas law
00:15:08 --> 00:15:12 uh and that is has always been thought
00:15:12 --> 00:15:15 to be a coincidence rather than any real
00:15:15 --> 00:15:17 mathematical Rule and regulation but if
00:15:17 --> 00:15:21 you took Mars out of Border's law um
00:15:21 --> 00:15:24 well that means Jupiter might want to go
00:15:24 --> 00:15:26 where Mars is or actually the asteroid
00:15:26 --> 00:15:29 belt would wind up where Mars was uh in
00:15:29 --> 00:15:32 that you know sort of geometrical
00:15:32 --> 00:15:35 progression uh and it would so so the
00:15:35 --> 00:15:37 absence of of Mars would affect the
00:15:37 --> 00:15:40 Earth orbit because the Earth orbit is
00:15:40 --> 00:15:42 modified slightly by what we call
00:15:42 --> 00:15:45 gravitational perturbations from from
00:15:45 --> 00:15:47 other planets now of course Mars is not
00:15:47 --> 00:15:50 always on the on the far side of the of
00:15:50 --> 00:15:52 the of the earth from the sun sometimes
00:15:52 --> 00:15:54 it's on the other side of the Sun so
00:15:54 --> 00:15:56 it's not always pulling us outwards it's
00:15:56 --> 00:15:58 sometimes pulling us inwards and all of
00:15:58 --> 00:16:00 that is taken account in the in the
00:16:01 --> 00:16:03 geometry of the Earth's orbit uh I think
00:16:03 --> 00:16:06 the effect on the moon if the if Mars
00:16:06 --> 00:16:08 wasn't there would be even smaller uh
00:16:08 --> 00:16:11 there would be probably a tiny
00:16:11 --> 00:16:13 gravitational effect again perturbations
00:16:13 --> 00:16:16 but uh the Moon is fairly tightly bound
00:16:16 --> 00:16:18 to the Earth in terms of its
00:16:18 --> 00:16:20 gravitational pool it's only 380
00:16:20 --> 00:16:23 kilometers away so it's it's hung on to
00:16:23 --> 00:16:28 pretty pretty well um so let's uh
00:16:28 --> 00:16:30 imagine a solar system without Mars I
00:16:30 --> 00:16:32 think the Earth and the moon would look
00:16:32 --> 00:16:34 much the same as they do already and
00:16:34 --> 00:16:37 still be livable as it is yeah probably
00:16:37 --> 00:16:40 yeah we might drift um I mean we
00:16:40 --> 00:16:45 might you know you kind of got to more
00:16:45 --> 00:16:47 imagine rather than imagine Mars being
00:16:48 --> 00:16:50 dragged Away by some mechanism which
00:16:50 --> 00:16:52 inevitably would affect the Earth's
00:16:52 --> 00:16:54 orbit whatever that was it would be big
00:16:54 --> 00:16:57 enough to to modify the Earth's orbit if
00:16:57 --> 00:17:00 you imagine just m not being there uh
00:17:00 --> 00:17:03 rather than Mars being dragged away then
00:17:03 --> 00:17:06 uh it may it may change things slightly
00:17:06 --> 00:17:08 it may change things enough that the
00:17:08 --> 00:17:09 Earth does get pushed out the goldilock
00:17:10 --> 00:17:13 Zone um but wouldn't be wouldn't be that
00:17:13 --> 00:17:16 much but I think yeah that we're we're
00:17:16 --> 00:17:19 in such a sensitive balance of heat
00:17:19 --> 00:17:21 radiation from the Sun and all the rest
00:17:21 --> 00:17:25 of it uh it's um it's a it's a very fine
00:17:25 --> 00:17:29 line perhaps between Humanity being here
00:17:29 --> 00:17:32 and Humanity not do we you might have
00:17:32 --> 00:17:35 answered this in a previous episode some
00:17:35 --> 00:17:37 time ago but do we know how wide the
00:17:37 --> 00:17:39 goldilock zone
00:17:39 --> 00:17:42 is yes uh you can calculate that and
00:17:42 --> 00:17:45 it's it's doesn't go as far as Mars and
00:17:45 --> 00:17:47 it doesn't go as far as
00:17:47 --> 00:17:50 Venus so you know it's uh it's I I I
00:17:50 --> 00:17:52 don't know what the width is but you can
00:17:52 --> 00:17:54 calculate it yeah well hopefully we're
00:17:54 --> 00:17:57 on the better side of it we are at the
00:17:57 --> 00:17:58 moment but we're in the middle of it
00:17:58 --> 00:18:02 which that's so in essence if Mars
00:18:02 --> 00:18:04 didn't exist things would probably be
00:18:04 --> 00:18:05 much the same as they are for Earth and
00:18:05 --> 00:18:09 the moon if Mars was uh destroyed by
00:18:09 --> 00:18:12 some evil force let's call it or and
00:18:12 --> 00:18:16 know the Death Star that that might have
00:18:16 --> 00:18:18 a different impact on us because of
00:18:18 --> 00:18:20 whatever the force is that's caused this
00:18:20 --> 00:18:24 to happen y maybe quite suppose it
00:18:24 --> 00:18:27 depends on the um the level of
00:18:27 --> 00:18:29 catastrophe when that's right size it
00:18:29 --> 00:18:32 all up U when you look at other solar
00:18:32 --> 00:18:34 systems their makeup is very different
00:18:34 --> 00:18:37 in in fact ours is looking
00:18:37 --> 00:18:41 quite quite uh unique compared to a lot
00:18:41 --> 00:18:42 of the solar systems we're seeing which
00:18:42 --> 00:18:45 have gas giants in close proximity to
00:18:45 --> 00:18:46 their parent star and the rocky planets
00:18:46 --> 00:18:49 are further out yeah but bear in mind
00:18:49 --> 00:18:51 they're the they're the easiest ones to
00:18:51 --> 00:18:54 discover the ones with G closely and so
00:18:54 --> 00:18:57 there might be a soluction effect there
00:18:57 --> 00:18:59 indeed okay thank than you Mick lovely
00:18:59 --> 00:19:01 to hear from you and if you ever have
00:19:01 --> 00:19:04 another question please send it in uh
00:19:04 --> 00:19:05 we've got one more question I think we
00:19:05 --> 00:19:09 can squeeze in uh and this one comes
00:19:09 --> 00:19:11 from Geo in Slovakia I have a
00:19:11 --> 00:19:13 hypothetical question for you it's the
00:19:13 --> 00:19:15 second one today uh if you would open a
00:19:16 --> 00:19:18 wormhole near an object with huge
00:19:18 --> 00:19:20 gravity a black hole for example would
00:19:20 --> 00:19:22 its gravitational pull be transferred
00:19:22 --> 00:19:24 Through the Wormhole or would the
00:19:25 --> 00:19:28 bending of SpaceTime just end at one end
00:19:28 --> 00:19:30 of the worm Wormhole and on the other
00:19:30 --> 00:19:32 side there would be only the local
00:19:32 --> 00:19:34 bending of SpaceTime thanks for the
00:19:34 --> 00:19:38 answer love your show that's from Geo in
00:19:38 --> 00:19:39 Slovakia I think we've heard audio
00:19:39 --> 00:19:43 question from Geo before but um I like
00:19:43 --> 00:19:45 this one too I love how you know I love
00:19:45 --> 00:19:49 hypotheticals Fred yes yes and um so
00:19:49 --> 00:19:52 what the answer you're getting is also
00:19:52 --> 00:19:54 hypothetical well I guess it would be
00:19:54 --> 00:19:56 yeah I think
00:19:56 --> 00:20:00 um I think uh the the question will be
00:20:00 --> 00:20:03 would the Wormhole itself survive uh
00:20:03 --> 00:20:06 having something you know a huge gravity
00:20:06 --> 00:20:09 next to it uh the gravitational field
00:20:09 --> 00:20:12 would modify the Wormhole and my guess
00:20:12 --> 00:20:15 is the Wormhole would fill in uh because
00:20:15 --> 00:20:18 wormholes are just such a special case
00:20:18 --> 00:20:20 of of gravitational you know
00:20:20 --> 00:20:23 gravitational fancies it if indeed they
00:20:23 --> 00:20:25 exist at all we've got absolutely no
00:20:25 --> 00:20:28 evidence that they do so my guess is
00:20:28 --> 00:20:32 that but um you know well the bending of
00:20:32 --> 00:20:33 SpaceTime wouldn't just end at one end
00:20:33 --> 00:20:37 of the Wormhole which is what uh G was
00:20:37 --> 00:20:40 asking uh I think it the effect of the
00:20:40 --> 00:20:43 gravitating body super massive black
00:20:43 --> 00:20:46 hole or whatever would be to distort the
00:20:46 --> 00:20:48 black the Wormhole and probably just
00:20:48 --> 00:20:50 turn it into another black hole which
00:20:50 --> 00:20:53 would be immediately absorbed by the by
00:20:53 --> 00:20:57 the big by the big one it will be y
00:20:57 --> 00:20:59 That's right ah
00:20:59 --> 00:21:01 that in itself sounds like a very
00:21:01 --> 00:21:04 feasible probability if a wormhole ever
00:21:04 --> 00:21:07 turned up next to um Sagittarius AAR for
00:21:07 --> 00:21:10 example yeah I suppose it
00:21:10 --> 00:21:13 depends I suppose it depends on how big
00:21:13 --> 00:21:15 the Wormhole is though doesn't it yeah
00:21:15 --> 00:21:17 and I don't really know much about
00:21:17 --> 00:21:20 Wormhole masses and geometry but um yeah
00:21:20 --> 00:21:22 if you had a big Wormhole I mean we'd
00:21:22 --> 00:21:23 know about something like that we don't
00:21:23 --> 00:21:27 know any any candidate worles anywhere
00:21:27 --> 00:21:29 you know the best way to find
00:21:29 --> 00:21:31 Wormhole just look look for the little
00:21:31 --> 00:21:34 piles of dirt on top of them that's
00:21:34 --> 00:21:36 right they must be there that's right
00:21:36 --> 00:21:38 yes that's you find a little pile of
00:21:39 --> 00:21:40 dirt in space and you know there's a
00:21:40 --> 00:21:42 wormhole behind that that's that's the
00:21:42 --> 00:21:45 way um so yeah it's it's a good question
00:21:45 --> 00:21:48 but it's it's probably one that's um in
00:21:48 --> 00:21:50 the Realms of Science Fiction in terms
00:21:50 --> 00:21:53 of deciding what what might happen but
00:21:53 --> 00:21:56 yeah the I think when it comes to arm
00:21:56 --> 00:21:57 wrestles in space black holes generally
00:21:58 --> 00:21:59 always win
00:21:59 --> 00:22:01 Yep they're usually the winners that's
00:22:01 --> 00:22:04 right especially the big ones yes indeed
00:22:04 --> 00:22:06 all right go go thanks for your question
00:22:06 --> 00:22:07 thanks to everyone who sent us questions
00:22:07 --> 00:22:10 and you can send questions too uh via
00:22:10 --> 00:22:14 our website SPAC nuts.i click on the AMA
00:22:14 --> 00:22:16 Link at the top to send us text or audio
00:22:16 --> 00:22:18 questions or on the right hand side
00:22:18 --> 00:22:19 there's another button where you can
00:22:19 --> 00:22:21 send us audio questions don't forget to
00:22:21 --> 00:22:23 tell us who you are and where you're
00:22:23 --> 00:22:25 from we'd love to know and who your
00:22:25 --> 00:22:28 favorite football team is uh and uh
00:22:28 --> 00:22:30 thanks to Hugh in the studio who is
00:22:30 --> 00:22:32 actually out picking up one of the kids
00:22:32 --> 00:22:34 from school so he's done a great job uh
00:22:34 --> 00:22:37 thanks Fred as always um nice to catch
00:22:37 --> 00:22:40 up we'll do it again real soon I bet we
00:22:40 --> 00:22:43 will I think we will too yeah for sure
00:22:43 --> 00:22:46 see you FR Professor Fred Watson
00:22:46 --> 00:22:48 astronomer at large and from me Andrew
00:22:48 --> 00:22:50 Dunley thanks for joining us on this Q&A
00:22:50 --> 00:22:52 episode we'll be back again real soon
00:22:52 --> 00:22:54 with another one we'll see you then
00:22:54 --> 00:22:58 bye-bye space you'll be listening to the
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