Source:
https://www.spreaker.com/episode/446-voyager-s-future-paths-black-hole-star-quenching-ultimate-temperature-limits--61146400
This Q&A episode of Space Nuts is brought to you by Incogni. To check our special Space Nuts deal visit https://www.incogni.com/spacenuts
Space Nuts Q&A: Voyager's Journey, Star Formation, and Absolute Temperature Limits Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this engaging Q&A episode of Space Nuts, where they dive into intriguing listener questions about SpaceTime exploration, star formation, and the mysteries of temperature limits in the universe.
Episode Highlights:
- Voyager's Future Path: Alan from Alberta asks about the future trajectory of Voyager 1 and 2. Discover what they might encounter in the distant future and the fascinating possibilities of their journey through interstellar SpaceTime.
- - Star Formation and Black Holes: Ron from New York brings up a complex topic about how supermassive black holes can quench star formation in galaxies. Fred Watson explains the mechanisms behind this phenomenon and the latest findings from the Webb Space Telescope.
- - Absolute Temperature Limits: Time to Take from Florida questions the upper limit of temperature in the universe. Explore the concept of absolute zero, the speed of light, and why there's no absolute maximum temperature.
- - Hypothetical Digestibility: Rennie poses a fun hypothetical about whether humans could digest plants and animals from another planet. Fred Watson and Andrew discuss the possibilities and potential risks.
- Don't forget to send us your questions for our Q&A episodes via our website... https://www.spacenutspodcast.com
- Support Space Nuts and join us on this interstellar journey by visiting our website support page. Your contributions help us continue our mission to explore the wonders of the universe. Clear skies and boundless exploration await on Space Nuts, where we make the cosmos your backyard.Visit our websites:- www.spacenuts.io
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- Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support.
00:00:00 --> 00:00:02 hello again thank you for joining us
00:00:02 --> 00:00:04 this is a Q&A edition of Space Nuts my
00:00:04 --> 00:00:08 name is Andrew Dunley uh coming up we're
00:00:08 --> 00:00:09 going to be looking at Voyager 1 and
00:00:09 --> 00:00:12 Voyager 2 a question from Allan Ron
00:00:12 --> 00:00:15 wants to talk about star formation and
00:00:15 --> 00:00:18 Tom uh has brought up that uh
00:00:18 --> 00:00:21 maximum potential temperature uh in the
00:00:21 --> 00:00:23 universe thing again uh we'll talk about
00:00:23 --> 00:00:26 all of that and more on this episode of
00:00:26 --> 00:00:29 Space Nuts 15 seconds guidance is
00:00:29 --> 00:00:30 internal
00:00:30 --> 00:00:35 10 9 ignition sequence start Space Nuts
00:00:35 --> 00:00:42 5 4 3 2 2 3 Space Nuts as the NS
00:00:42 --> 00:00:45 reported feels good and here to answer
00:00:45 --> 00:00:47 them all with a massive disclaimer is
00:00:47 --> 00:00:50 Professor Fred Watson astronomer Larch
00:00:50 --> 00:00:51 High
00:00:51 --> 00:00:54 Fred how are you Andrew I'm just reading
00:00:54 --> 00:00:56 one questions now and thinking I wonder
00:00:56 --> 00:00:58 what the answer to that is just as he
00:00:58 --> 00:00:59 saying yes we can answer all the
00:00:59 --> 00:01:02 questions I think if we if we write a
00:01:02 --> 00:01:04 letter to the astronomical Union and
00:01:05 --> 00:01:06 just sit and wait we can answer it in a
00:01:06 --> 00:01:08 couple of
00:01:08 --> 00:01:10 weeks be a long episode but it'll be
00:01:10 --> 00:01:13 worth it it be a long episode yeah worth
00:01:13 --> 00:01:16 it um let's just get straight down to it
00:01:16 --> 00:01:20 shall we first question comes from Allan
00:01:20 --> 00:01:23 hi this is Alan skill from medicine at
00:01:23 --> 00:01:27 albera Canada my question is can the
00:01:27 --> 00:01:31 trajectory of Voyager One and two be
00:01:31 --> 00:01:34 extrapolated to determine what galaxy
00:01:34 --> 00:01:37 star or Planet they could come into
00:01:37 --> 00:01:40 contact with in the distant future and
00:01:40 --> 00:01:42 what would the likely outcome be of such
00:01:42 --> 00:01:45 a contact could they be pulled into the
00:01:45 --> 00:01:48 orbit of any of these space structures
00:01:48 --> 00:01:51 thank you love your podcast thank you
00:01:51 --> 00:01:52 Alan nice to hear from you again I
00:01:52 --> 00:01:54 remember him distinctly because of where
00:01:54 --> 00:01:56 he lives Madison
00:01:56 --> 00:02:01 hat yeah but um it a question I think
00:02:01 --> 00:02:02 that we've had come up before in a
00:02:02 --> 00:02:05 different form uh people wondering where
00:02:05 --> 00:02:07 they're headed and what they might run
00:02:07 --> 00:02:11 into the answer is well probably not
00:02:11 --> 00:02:12 that complicated
00:02:12 --> 00:02:17 Fred um at at the moment uh I think they
00:02:17 --> 00:02:20 are I I don't think you can actually
00:02:20 --> 00:02:22 identify anything that they're heading
00:02:22 --> 00:02:26 towards because um we've got blank sky
00:02:26 --> 00:02:29 in that direction uh and just just to
00:02:29 --> 00:02:31 the disclaimer here you never quite know
00:02:31 --> 00:02:33 what sort of perturbation they're going
00:02:33 --> 00:02:35 to have on the way by you know
00:02:36 --> 00:02:38 outgassing from the spacecraft or a
00:02:38 --> 00:02:40 little bit of residual solar wind it
00:02:40 --> 00:02:42 could alter the trajectory uh but I do
00:02:42 --> 00:02:44 remember turning the question on its
00:02:44 --> 00:02:49 head when uh your old friend UA mua was
00:02:49 --> 00:02:54 first discovered um the uh extrapolation
00:02:54 --> 00:02:58 backwards in time for umura mura put it
00:02:58 --> 00:03:00 somewhere near the St Vega one of the
00:03:00 --> 00:03:05 brightest stars in the in the sky um but
00:03:05 --> 00:03:08 uh the disclaimer there was we don't
00:03:08 --> 00:03:11 know when it left and vager would have
00:03:11 --> 00:03:14 been in a different place when it left
00:03:14 --> 00:03:17 from what what we see now uh because
00:03:17 --> 00:03:18 you're talking about Journey times of
00:03:18 --> 00:03:20 millions of years and I think the same
00:03:20 --> 00:03:23 is true of uh you know of uh the two
00:03:23 --> 00:03:25 voyages and probably New Horizons as
00:03:25 --> 00:03:28 well um Pioneer spacecraft are also
00:03:28 --> 00:03:29 leaving the solar system all of the I
00:03:29 --> 00:03:33 think are heading for Regions unknown uh
00:03:33 --> 00:03:35 and it's partly as I said because we
00:03:35 --> 00:03:37 don't know you know first of all how
00:03:37 --> 00:03:39 long is it going to take them to to have
00:03:39 --> 00:03:43 an interaction with another body and you
00:03:43 --> 00:03:44 until you know that you don't know where
00:03:44 --> 00:03:46 that other body is going to be in the
00:03:46 --> 00:03:48 first place so it's it's a cat
00:03:48 --> 00:03:53 situations we're talking flight times of
00:03:53 --> 00:03:56 potentially billions of years aren't we
00:03:56 --> 00:03:58 so you right now we couldn't tell you
00:03:58 --> 00:04:01 but over billions of years so much will
00:04:01 --> 00:04:04 have changed so much will have moved
00:04:04 --> 00:04:06 something might get in the way and
00:04:06 --> 00:04:08 influence them or maybe they'll just go
00:04:08 --> 00:04:10 on forever and not hit a
00:04:10 --> 00:04:14 thing um that's right so um you know in
00:04:14 --> 00:04:16 a billion years time our galaxy will
00:04:17 --> 00:04:20 have rotated five times yes in the in
00:04:20 --> 00:04:22 the in at the distance of the Sun from
00:04:22 --> 00:04:25 the from the galactic center so you've
00:04:25 --> 00:04:27 got all that swirling stuff going on as
00:04:27 --> 00:04:30 well uh you know the the of every Star
00:04:30 --> 00:04:32 around the center of the Galaxy takes
00:04:33 --> 00:04:34 them on paths that aren't identical by
00:04:34 --> 00:04:37 any means uh so you might very well find
00:04:37 --> 00:04:39 in a billion years you're looking at a
00:04:39 --> 00:04:41 completely different set of stars than
00:04:41 --> 00:04:44 it might run into yes but the the the
00:04:45 --> 00:04:47 bottom line though and the answer to um
00:04:47 --> 00:04:49 to the final part of the question is um
00:04:49 --> 00:04:51 it would the likelihood is that it would
00:04:51 --> 00:04:53 wind up going into orbit around
00:04:53 --> 00:04:57 something uh direct Collision is
00:04:57 --> 00:05:00 unlikely but not impossible
00:05:00 --> 00:05:02 but uh winding up in orbit around
00:05:02 --> 00:05:03 something else is perhaps the most
00:05:03 --> 00:05:06 likely outcome whether it and it's
00:05:06 --> 00:05:08 probably going to be a star maybe a
00:05:08 --> 00:05:09 planet might become the artificial Moon
00:05:09 --> 00:05:12 of a planet yeah well the Earth has
00:05:12 --> 00:05:14 picked up the odd Rock hasn't it uh in
00:05:14 --> 00:05:17 recent times so uh yeah that's a a
00:05:17 --> 00:05:20 possibility but we're not talking any
00:05:20 --> 00:05:22 time in the near future I mean Voyager
00:05:22 --> 00:05:25 One and Voyager 2 are barely out of our
00:05:25 --> 00:05:28 um uh out of the sun's influence let
00:05:28 --> 00:05:31 alone getting into deep into Stellar
00:05:31 --> 00:05:32 space they they're only just sort of
00:05:32 --> 00:05:34 sort of on that on on that on that
00:05:34 --> 00:05:36 border Zone aren't they they are that's
00:05:36 --> 00:05:40 right yes so long way to go yet Alan a
00:05:40 --> 00:05:42 very long way to go and maybe they'll
00:05:42 --> 00:05:44 never say a thing and probably go geez
00:05:44 --> 00:05:47 is it boring are we there
00:05:47 --> 00:05:50 yet that's right they're gone forever
00:05:50 --> 00:05:52 they probably will gone forever it's
00:05:52 --> 00:05:54 extraordinary wish I'd brought more
00:05:54 --> 00:06:01 cassets yes
00:06:01 --> 00:06:02 uh let's move on to our next question
00:06:02 --> 00:06:06 this comes from Ron uh a question for
00:06:06 --> 00:06:09 you from upstate New York I'll be in
00:06:09 --> 00:06:12 Upstate New York in uh the latter half
00:06:12 --> 00:06:15 of next year uh wrong just in case you
00:06:15 --> 00:06:18 want to have lunch uh I've seen a few
00:06:18 --> 00:06:19 posts about star formation being
00:06:19 --> 00:06:22 extinguished by the outflow of the super
00:06:22 --> 00:06:25 massive black hole at the galactic core
00:06:25 --> 00:06:28 the paper star formation shut down by
00:06:28 --> 00:06:30 multiphase gas outflow
00:06:30 --> 00:06:34 in a galaxy at a red shift of 2.45 in I
00:06:34 --> 00:06:37 assume that is discusses the higher
00:06:37 --> 00:06:41 outflow oh is it minutes discuss neither
00:06:41 --> 00:06:43 it's just the quot the other quotation
00:06:43 --> 00:06:46 mark from the quot all right discusses
00:06:46 --> 00:06:49 2.45 discuss is the higher outflow of
00:06:49 --> 00:06:52 thank you cool and neutral gas
00:06:52 --> 00:06:54 discovered discovered by should I start
00:06:54 --> 00:06:56 again uh discovered by the web Space
00:06:56 --> 00:06:58 Telescope I can understand how this
00:06:58 --> 00:07:00 outflow would interrupt the Stell
00:07:00 --> 00:07:02 formation of the path of these Jets but
00:07:02 --> 00:07:05 I don't see the mechanism for this black
00:07:05 --> 00:07:08 hole to quench Stell formation across
00:07:08 --> 00:07:11 the entire galaxy do these Jets precess
00:07:11 --> 00:07:14 and sweep across the Galaxy Hopefully Dr
00:07:14 --> 00:07:16 Watson can shed some light on this
00:07:16 --> 00:07:18 thanks for the great podcast always a
00:07:18 --> 00:07:21 learning experience and he sent us a
00:07:21 --> 00:07:24 link uh to an article about this very
00:07:24 --> 00:07:28 thing thank you Ron um can you just for
00:07:28 --> 00:07:30 me dumb down
00:07:30 --> 00:07:36 questions uh yes so um it's it's
00:07:36 --> 00:07:39 basically uh and and and I should say
00:07:39 --> 00:07:43 this is a really complex area of uh of
00:07:43 --> 00:07:47 um Galactic astronomy the astronomy of
00:07:47 --> 00:07:49 galaxies and
00:07:49 --> 00:07:53 um you've got some processes it it
00:07:53 --> 00:07:57 depends on gas flows the environment of
00:07:57 --> 00:07:59 the Galaxy whether it's surrounded by
00:07:59 --> 00:08:01 other galaxies weathers a black hole in
00:08:01 --> 00:08:05 the middle of it uh and all of you know
00:08:05 --> 00:08:07 all of that throws into the mix as to
00:08:07 --> 00:08:11 whether you get this quenching effect of
00:08:11 --> 00:08:15 uh of of um the gas flow can quench star
00:08:15 --> 00:08:18 formation for example uh and so Stars
00:08:18 --> 00:08:21 don't form as rapidly so I'm I'm just
00:08:21 --> 00:08:23 having a look now at the cosmos article
00:08:24 --> 00:08:29 that um ronus are linked to uh and it's
00:08:29 --> 00:08:30 so
00:08:30 --> 00:08:33 here's the sentence and um thank you I'm
00:08:33 --> 00:08:35 who am I
00:08:35 --> 00:08:38 quoting uh I think I'm I might be uh I
00:08:38 --> 00:08:40 might should be quoting a press release
00:08:40 --> 00:08:41 in which case that's all
00:08:41 --> 00:08:44 right uh because I can't find an author
00:08:44 --> 00:08:47 for this article but that's okay um I'm
00:08:47 --> 00:08:49 quoting Cosmos magazine that's the uh
00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 the Australian homegrown Science
00:08:51 --> 00:08:53 magazine uh it's long been thought that
00:08:53 --> 00:08:56 outflows from super massive black holes
00:08:56 --> 00:08:58 can suppress star formation but direct
00:08:58 --> 00:09:00 observational evidence for this has now
00:09:00 --> 00:09:02 been lacking how can a black hole have
00:09:02 --> 00:09:04 an outlaw outflow in the first place is
00:09:04 --> 00:09:06 a fair question given that black holes
00:09:06 --> 00:09:07 are meant to be so dense that
00:09:07 --> 00:09:09 gravitational field can prevent even
00:09:09 --> 00:09:12 light from escaping so uh the best
00:09:13 --> 00:09:15 scientist I think I'd agree with all
00:09:15 --> 00:09:17 this scientists aren't completely sure
00:09:17 --> 00:09:18 and I think we are pretty sure actually
00:09:18 --> 00:09:19 but the best theories suggest that
00:09:19 --> 00:09:22 spinning black holes have this outward
00:09:22 --> 00:09:24 flow of matter in the form of vertical
00:09:24 --> 00:09:26 Jets of material and it's all about
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 convers conserving angular momentum it's
00:09:28 --> 00:09:30 also about magnetic Fields I might throw
00:09:30 --> 00:09:33 in um and it's so okay so much of
00:09:34 --> 00:09:36 difficulty in proving that this car that
00:09:36 --> 00:09:38 this wind is suppressing star formation
00:09:38 --> 00:09:40 is because previous Studies have been
00:09:40 --> 00:09:42 limited to studying ionized gases which
00:09:42 --> 00:09:45 are warm in the black hole outflows but
00:09:45 --> 00:09:47 the new studies shows that more than 90%
00:09:47 --> 00:09:49 of the wind is made up of cool neutral
00:09:49 --> 00:09:51 neutral gas effectively invisible in
00:09:51 --> 00:09:55 previous research uh and so um I think
00:09:55 --> 00:09:59 that is the hint um that the the outflow
00:09:59 --> 00:10:02 rate that we're seeing they say it's of
00:10:02 --> 00:10:05 the order of a 100 times larger than
00:10:05 --> 00:10:06 what we thought it was because this is
00:10:07 --> 00:10:09 in the the outflow rate of the neutral
00:10:09 --> 00:10:11 gas the not the ionized gas that's had
00:10:11 --> 00:10:13 its electrons stripped off and so you've
00:10:13 --> 00:10:17 got much more outflowing mass uh than
00:10:17 --> 00:10:19 was thought of
00:10:19 --> 00:10:25 before and uh it's um so what it says is
00:10:25 --> 00:10:27 and again I'm quoting uh now who am I
00:10:27 --> 00:10:29 quoting now Rebecca Davis from swim
00:10:30 --> 00:10:34 University thanks Rebecca uh welcome to
00:10:34 --> 00:10:37 Space Nuts uh Rebecca says um the
00:10:37 --> 00:10:42 outflow is removing gas faster than gas
00:10:42 --> 00:10:45 is being converted into Stars indicating
00:10:45 --> 00:10:46 that the outflow is likely to have a
00:10:47 --> 00:10:48 very significant impact on the evolution
00:10:48 --> 00:10:51 of the Galaxy uh our findings provide
00:10:51 --> 00:10:53 new evidence to indicate that black hole
00:10:53 --> 00:10:55 driven outflows are able to rapidly shut
00:10:55 --> 00:10:57 off or quench there you go the word I
00:10:57 --> 00:11:00 use myself star formation M galaxies so
00:11:00 --> 00:11:03 I think the answer to the question is um
00:11:03 --> 00:11:06 and and I you know I think um um
00:11:06 --> 00:11:11 basically uh Ron's thinking of the the
00:11:11 --> 00:11:13 idea of jets of material coming from
00:11:13 --> 00:11:15 black holes which is the way they are
00:11:15 --> 00:11:19 but when they get uh to higher Galactic
00:11:19 --> 00:11:21 latitudes or in other words higher
00:11:21 --> 00:11:22 distances above or below the the
00:11:23 --> 00:11:26 galactic plane then that those Jets
00:11:26 --> 00:11:29 become loes we call them loes they
00:11:29 --> 00:11:32 become big bubbles of gas and if there's
00:11:32 --> 00:11:36 a 100 times more forming those outflows
00:11:36 --> 00:11:38 than we can actually see it means those
00:11:38 --> 00:11:40 gas bubbles are big enough that they can
00:11:40 --> 00:11:43 affect the whole galaxy or at least much
00:11:43 --> 00:11:46 of the Galaxy um which is really the
00:11:46 --> 00:11:49 question that uh that Ron's asking uh
00:11:49 --> 00:11:51 and it's a great question uh so you know
00:11:51 --> 00:11:52 we we tend to think of these Jets as
00:11:52 --> 00:11:55 being focused just vertically one way
00:11:55 --> 00:11:57 and the other from the black hole but
00:11:57 --> 00:11:59 they're really spreading out in in a
00:11:59 --> 00:12:02 large uh into a large blob uh to the
00:12:02 --> 00:12:04 north and south of the Black Hole uh
00:12:04 --> 00:12:06 which can which can basically permeate
00:12:06 --> 00:12:08 the entire galaxy so I think that's the
00:12:08 --> 00:12:10 answer to the question oky doie very
00:12:10 --> 00:12:12 good thank you Ron uh great question
00:12:12 --> 00:12:14 thanks for sending it in this is Space
00:12:14 --> 00:12:16 Nuts Andrew Dunley here and Professor
00:12:17 --> 00:12:21 Fred Watson there left right up down not
00:12:21 --> 00:12:24 sure let's take a quick break from the
00:12:24 --> 00:12:26 show to tell you more about our sponsor
00:12:26 --> 00:12:29 in cogne and I'll give you a special U L
00:12:29 --> 00:12:31 to find out how to take advantage of
00:12:31 --> 00:12:33 their great offer for Space Nuts
00:12:33 --> 00:12:36 listeners but first what is incog all
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00:14:09 --> 00:14:11 links to your old uh emails home
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00:14:14 --> 00:14:18 there on you really uh this is a no fuss
00:14:18 --> 00:14:20 Carefree way of keeping your personal
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00:14:23 --> 00:14:24 you just have to give them the green
00:14:25 --> 00:14:29 light so check it out at incog
00:14:29 --> 00:14:59 Space Nuts that's in cog.org
00:14:59 --> 00:15:02 limit on temperature lower temperature
00:15:02 --> 00:15:04 and the upper limit and uh Fred
00:15:04 --> 00:15:07 mentioned that the upper limit there was
00:15:07 --> 00:15:09 none because part because particles
00:15:09 --> 00:15:12 could move as fast as they want to
00:15:12 --> 00:15:14 wouldn't the speed a I mean there's a a
00:15:14 --> 00:15:18 limit an upper limit on on the speed of
00:15:18 --> 00:15:19 of particles with the speed of light
00:15:19 --> 00:15:23 wouldn't that be a limit limiting factor
00:15:23 --> 00:15:25 on the upper end on the temperature
00:15:25 --> 00:15:26 limit
00:15:26 --> 00:15:29 anyway thanks for the great show all
00:15:29 --> 00:15:32 right thank you Tom um we understand U
00:15:32 --> 00:15:35 absolute zero being where all motion
00:15:35 --> 00:15:38 stops uh Tom's suggestion is uh absolute
00:15:38 --> 00:15:40 Max temperature is limited by the speed
00:15:40 --> 00:15:42 of light I think that's where he was
00:15:42 --> 00:15:44 going yeah and it's uh that's exactly
00:15:44 --> 00:15:47 right so that um you know that would
00:15:47 --> 00:15:50 represent a maximum temperature because
00:15:50 --> 00:15:51 your particles are all traveling at the
00:15:51 --> 00:15:54 speed of light and the reason why it's
00:15:54 --> 00:15:58 not the case is that you know if you
00:15:58 --> 00:16:02 continue to heat a gas so yes that the
00:16:02 --> 00:16:04 temperature of the gas is is a
00:16:04 --> 00:16:06 reflection of how fast the particles of
00:16:06 --> 00:16:08 the gas are moving you continue to heat
00:16:08 --> 00:16:12 it uh they move faster and faster and
00:16:12 --> 00:16:14 they can approach the speed of light but
00:16:14 --> 00:16:15 of course the only thing that can go at
00:16:15 --> 00:16:18 the speed of light is light itself or
00:16:18 --> 00:16:21 electromagnetic radiation because what
00:16:21 --> 00:16:25 happens is as you put more energy in um
00:16:25 --> 00:16:27 it's taking more and more energy to
00:16:27 --> 00:16:30 accelerate the partic particles and they
00:16:30 --> 00:16:32 what we call asymptotically approach the
00:16:32 --> 00:16:34 speed of light they never get to it so
00:16:34 --> 00:16:36 you can put as much energy as you like
00:16:36 --> 00:16:38 in and the particles will get more
00:16:38 --> 00:16:41 energetic but they won't uh exceed the
00:16:41 --> 00:16:44 speed of light and and there's no stop
00:16:44 --> 00:16:47 Buton they they you can keep on um
00:16:47 --> 00:16:50 putting energy in and they'll they'll
00:16:50 --> 00:16:52 nudge that little bit nearer to the
00:16:52 --> 00:16:55 speed of light um in fact you know the
00:16:55 --> 00:16:58 bottom line is that to reach the speed
00:16:58 --> 00:16:59 of light you've got to provide something
00:16:59 --> 00:17:00 with infinite energy that's what
00:17:01 --> 00:17:02 Einstein's special relativity Theory
00:17:02 --> 00:17:06 says and it's been proven many times so
00:17:06 --> 00:17:09 um if you put Infinite Energy in uh then
00:17:09 --> 00:17:11 you know you've you you hit the speed of
00:17:11 --> 00:17:13 light but you haven't got infinite
00:17:13 --> 00:17:14 energy that's what we're talking about
00:17:14 --> 00:17:17 an absolute maximum for the U
00:17:17 --> 00:17:19 temperature so the temperature the
00:17:20 --> 00:17:22 maximum temperature is infinity that's
00:17:22 --> 00:17:24 what it means uh so there isn't one
00:17:24 --> 00:17:26 there is an absolute zero but not an
00:17:26 --> 00:17:29 absolute maximum um there you go
00:17:29 --> 00:17:31 yeah that's the that's the bottom line
00:17:31 --> 00:17:32 there's a little bit more to it because
00:17:32 --> 00:17:35 um uh relativity also tells you that as
00:17:35 --> 00:17:37 things approach the speed of light the
00:17:37 --> 00:17:40 their mass increases and and that's why
00:17:40 --> 00:17:43 you need to put more energy in to uh you
00:17:43 --> 00:17:45 know to to to get them going any faster
00:17:45 --> 00:17:48 because their Mass has gone up uh so so
00:17:48 --> 00:17:50 it's never going to happen you you
00:17:50 --> 00:17:52 you're always going to be uh able to add
00:17:52 --> 00:17:54 more heat to it to increase the
00:17:54 --> 00:17:57 temperature uh even though the particles
00:17:57 --> 00:17:58 might be traveling very near the speed
00:17:58 --> 00:18:00 of light they're not actually there yeah
00:18:00 --> 00:18:02 you start off throwing a screwed up
00:18:03 --> 00:18:05 piece of paper and um yeah as you get
00:18:05 --> 00:18:07 there you're trying to push a planet yes
00:18:08 --> 00:18:09 that's right that's it that's exactly
00:18:09 --> 00:18:12 right yeah yeah all right uh thank you
00:18:12 --> 00:18:14 Tom I think we've got time for one more
00:18:14 --> 00:18:16 quick one this is this is a a fun
00:18:16 --> 00:18:19 question from renie uh it's a it's a war
00:18:19 --> 00:18:23 e question um renie asks if plants and
00:18:23 --> 00:18:24 animals were discovered on another
00:18:24 --> 00:18:27 planet that we landed on would we be
00:18:27 --> 00:18:30 able to digest its plants and animals I
00:18:30 --> 00:18:33 assume he means could we you know feed
00:18:33 --> 00:18:37 ourselves that's so yeah I suppose if it
00:18:37 --> 00:18:38 was a planet like ours maybe I don't
00:18:38 --> 00:18:42 know but yeah and and if if we had
00:18:42 --> 00:18:45 water-based uh living organisms which
00:18:45 --> 00:18:48 the planets plants and animals would be
00:18:48 --> 00:18:51 they might be similar enough to what we
00:18:51 --> 00:18:53 have on Earth that we could digest them
00:18:53 --> 00:18:55 but I think it might be a bit difficult
00:18:55 --> 00:18:57 and would you want to be the guinea pig
00:18:57 --> 00:19:00 pick up piece of meat from some random
00:19:00 --> 00:19:04 Planet somewhere yeah thanks um my guess
00:19:04 --> 00:19:09 is that uh that it will be unlikely um I
00:19:09 --> 00:19:10 you know there might be Trace elements
00:19:10 --> 00:19:14 that would be toxic to us uh even if it
00:19:14 --> 00:19:16 was a waterbased light form there could
00:19:16 --> 00:19:18 be stuff in it that you really would not
00:19:18 --> 00:19:21 want to bother with not withstanding the
00:19:21 --> 00:19:24 bacteria and virus impact that we would
00:19:24 --> 00:19:26 never have been able to defend ourselves
00:19:26 --> 00:19:30 against uh reasons not
00:19:30 --> 00:19:34 to yeah um so possible
00:19:34 --> 00:19:37 yes logical
00:19:37 --> 00:19:41 no maybe it's the best way to answer it
00:19:41 --> 00:19:42 thanks renie great question I love the I
00:19:42 --> 00:19:45 love the hypotheticals um just one more
00:19:45 --> 00:19:47 thing before we finish up Fred uh I got
00:19:47 --> 00:19:49 a a lovely message from Hannah the
00:19:49 --> 00:19:51 airline pilot the other day Hannah
00:19:51 --> 00:19:53 introduced herself to us some years ago
00:19:54 --> 00:19:55 when she sent us photograph from the
00:19:55 --> 00:19:59 cockpit of her British Airways ler of
00:19:59 --> 00:20:00 noctalucent
00:20:00 --> 00:20:03 clouds uh she's just sent me some more
00:20:03 --> 00:20:05 photos which I've shared on the Space
00:20:05 --> 00:20:07 Nuts podcast group Facebook page she's
00:20:07 --> 00:20:10 done a time lapse of the super moon rise
00:20:10 --> 00:20:15 above a volcano Lov in in um in South
00:20:15 --> 00:20:20 America on her way to visit Alma so oh
00:20:20 --> 00:20:22 yeah she oh I'm so jealous I'm so
00:20:22 --> 00:20:27 jealous uh they're great photos and um
00:20:27 --> 00:20:29 especially that moonrise sh took uh she
00:20:29 --> 00:20:31 was trying to do it handheld so it's a
00:20:31 --> 00:20:33 bit wobbly but uh it's worth looking at
00:20:33 --> 00:20:35 uh and yes that is a big volcano right
00:20:35 --> 00:20:39 next to the Moon uh so it's amazing and
00:20:39 --> 00:20:41 um yes so getting getting to see the uh
00:20:41 --> 00:20:44 Elmer Observatory um yeah what what a
00:20:44 --> 00:20:47 great uh great opportunity for her so
00:20:47 --> 00:20:48 thanks for sharing those Hannah and you
00:20:48 --> 00:20:51 can you can check those out on our Space
00:20:51 --> 00:20:54 Nuts podcast group Facebook page there
00:20:54 --> 00:20:57 you go uh we're all done Fred thanks for
00:20:57 --> 00:20:59 answering those questions
00:20:59 --> 00:21:00 it's a pleasure Andrew thank you very
00:21:00 --> 00:21:02 much for um for asking
00:21:02 --> 00:21:05 them that my pleasure and do it oh a
00:21:05 --> 00:21:09 light message from ttj hi boys I started
00:21:09 --> 00:21:11 to listen to all the episodes from the
00:21:11 --> 00:21:13 start after hearing one of the new
00:21:13 --> 00:21:16 episodes first I'm now up to episode 76
00:21:16 --> 00:21:18 still got years
00:21:19 --> 00:21:22 worth before I catch up uh thank you
00:21:22 --> 00:21:24 both uh no thanks for finding us we
00:21:24 --> 00:21:27 appreciate it tell your friends uh Fred
00:21:27 --> 00:21:32 until next time war ofir war of
00:21:32 --> 00:21:35 and yeah and goodbye
00:21:35 --> 00:21:37 yes and as we say in this country see
00:21:37 --> 00:21:40 you later see you later mate yeah mate
00:21:40 --> 00:21:43 all right see you Fred FR Watson
00:21:43 --> 00:21:44 astronomer at large and thanks to H in
00:21:44 --> 00:21:47 the studio for sending us all those uh
00:21:47 --> 00:21:49 last second questions live and in person
00:21:49 --> 00:21:51 well no he's not here actually never
00:21:52 --> 00:21:54 seen the guy uh and from me Andrew
00:21:54 --> 00:21:55 Dunley thank you again for joining us
00:21:55 --> 00:21:57 thanks for sending in questions and
00:21:57 --> 00:21:59 don't forget to go to our website uh so
00:21:59 --> 00:22:01 you can send more space
00:22:01 --> 00:22:04 nuts. until next time take care and
00:22:04 --> 00:22:06 we'll see you real soon on another
00:22:06 --> 00:22:10 another episode of Space Nuts bye-bye
00:22:10 --> 00:22:13 Space Nuts you'll be listening to the
00:22:13 --> 00:22:15 Space Nuts
00:22:15 --> 00:22:18 podcast available at Apple podcasts
00:22:18 --> 00:22:21 Spotify iHeart radio or your favorite
00:22:21 --> 00:22:23 podcast player you can also stream on
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