Source:
https://www.spreaker.com/episode/451-unexplained-starliner-noises-ganymede-s-cataclysm-black-hole-jet-discoveries--61374238
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Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this riveting episode of Space Nuts, where they delve into mysterious noises, cosmic impacts, black hole jets, and the debate over extraterrestrial life.
Episode Highlights:
- Mysterious Noises in the Boeing Starliner: Strange noises are coming from inside the Boeing Starliner, even though it’s empty. Discover what might be causing these eerie sounds.
- Ganymede's Massive Impact: Learn about the colossal asteroid that struck Jupiter’s largest moon, Ganymede, with a force greater than the one that wiped out the dinosaurs on Earth.
- Black Hole Jets: Scientists have made new discoveries about the jets of plasma shooting from black holes. Find out how they recreated these phenomena in a lab.
- Believing in Aliens: The ongoing debate about extraterrestrial life and the problems arising from conspiracy theories. Why do so many people believe in alien visitations?
- - 00:00:00 Andrew Dunkley: Coming up on this episode of Space Nuts
- - 00:01:32 Fred Watson Watson: Hallie, Andrew. I'm here for more, but I'll give less, just to be contrary.
- - 00:03:45 Discussing the Boeing Starliner and the strange noises reported by astronaut Butch Wilmore.
- - 00:15:20 The impact on Ganymede by an asteroid 20 times the mass of the one that hit Earth.
- - 00:28:10 New findings about black hole jets and how they were recreated in a lab.
- - 00:40:00 The debate over extraterrestrial life and the rise of conspiracy theories.
- For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed, visit our website at https://www.spacenutspodcast.com Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on facebook, X, YouTube Music, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform. For more Space and Astronomy News Podcasts, visit our HQ at https://www.bitesz.com. Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts/support.Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.
00:00:00 --> 00:00:02 hi there thanks for joining us again
00:00:02 --> 00:00:04 this is Space Nuts where we talk
00:00:04 --> 00:00:07 astronomy and space science my name is
00:00:07 --> 00:00:10 Andrew Dunley coming up on this episode
00:00:10 --> 00:00:13 we'll be looking at or more to the point
00:00:13 --> 00:00:15 listening in on the Boeing
00:00:15 --> 00:00:17 Starliner uh the reports are that
00:00:17 --> 00:00:20 strange noises are coming from inside
00:00:20 --> 00:00:22 and nobody's in there so what could it
00:00:22 --> 00:00:25 be we'll also be taking a look at the
00:00:25 --> 00:00:27 history of ganime it apparently took a
00:00:27 --> 00:00:30 hit by an asteroid that was bigger than
00:00:30 --> 00:00:32 the one that killed off the dinosaurs on
00:00:32 --> 00:00:35 earth uh we will be revisiting the story
00:00:35 --> 00:00:38 about black hole Jets they think they've
00:00:38 --> 00:00:41 figured something out and believing in
00:00:41 --> 00:00:44 Aliens do you believe in aliens well if
00:00:44 --> 00:00:46 you do you might want to listening on
00:00:46 --> 00:00:49 this story because uh some are saying
00:00:49 --> 00:00:52 this is becoming a problem this is all
00:00:52 --> 00:00:54 coming up on uh the next Edition right
00:00:55 --> 00:00:59 now of Space Nuts 15 seconds guidance is
00:00:59 --> 00:01:03 internal 10 9 ignition sequence start
00:01:04 --> 00:01:08 Space Nuts 5 4 3 2 1 2
00:01:08 --> 00:01:13 3 Space Nuts asut report feels good and
00:01:13 --> 00:01:15 he's back again for more it is Professor
00:01:16 --> 00:01:18 Fred what's an astronomer large hello
00:01:18 --> 00:01:21 Fred hello Andrew I'm here for more uh
00:01:21 --> 00:01:25 but I'll give less just you know to to
00:01:25 --> 00:01:27 be contrary yeah Le less is more though
00:01:27 --> 00:01:30 Fred as we know indeed yes indeed yeah
00:01:30 --> 00:01:32 heard that saying a few times over the
00:01:32 --> 00:01:36 years and it's not true in golf unless
00:01:36 --> 00:01:39 it's not war unless you're playing a
00:01:39 --> 00:01:42 stableford oh stableford a stableford
00:01:42 --> 00:01:44 which was named after a man named
00:01:44 --> 00:01:47 stableford believe it or not expect and
00:01:47 --> 00:01:49 what is it yeah it's where you get
00:01:49 --> 00:01:52 points rather than um you get points for
00:01:52 --> 00:01:54 what you score so you always
00:01:54 --> 00:01:57 score um you get two points for a par
00:01:57 --> 00:02:00 three for a birdie four for an eag five
00:02:00 --> 00:02:02 for an albatross which no one ever get
00:02:02 --> 00:02:04 uh or you only get one point for a bogey
00:02:04 --> 00:02:06 and nothing for anything worse than that
00:02:06 --> 00:02:08 but there are variations of it but
00:02:08 --> 00:02:10 that's the one we play and so less is
00:02:10 --> 00:02:12 less yes you're right less is less yes
00:02:12 --> 00:02:16 EXA exactly right oh if you hit it less
00:02:16 --> 00:02:17 you get
00:02:17 --> 00:02:20 more so it can go that way too it's a
00:02:20 --> 00:02:22 weird game uh it is a strange game is
00:02:22 --> 00:02:24 golf golf's a game of opposites you hit
00:02:24 --> 00:02:27 down to get the ball up you hit left to
00:02:27 --> 00:02:30 go right you swing right to go left it's
00:02:30 --> 00:02:32 you know no wonder no one can play the
00:02:32 --> 00:02:34 damn game and when you get to the end
00:02:34 --> 00:02:37 and you should feel glum you feel happy
00:02:37 --> 00:02:39 yeah that doesn't
00:02:39 --> 00:02:43 happen it generally feels one yeah yeah
00:02:43 --> 00:02:45 that's what I thought can we can we talk
00:02:45 --> 00:02:48 about the Boeing star liner because it's
00:02:48 --> 00:02:50 in the news at the moment uh I know
00:02:50 --> 00:02:52 we're sort of recording a little bit
00:02:52 --> 00:02:53 ahead of time so the story May well have
00:02:53 --> 00:02:56 change by the time this comes out but uh
00:02:56 --> 00:02:58 the Boeing star liner as you know is
00:02:58 --> 00:03:01 kind of stranded and the astronauts are
00:03:01 --> 00:03:03 um stuck on the International Space
00:03:03 --> 00:03:06 Station from what I've heard until about
00:03:06 --> 00:03:08 February um they're trying to figure out
00:03:08 --> 00:03:09 how to bring the Starliner back there's
00:03:09 --> 00:03:12 been talk of sending it back
00:03:12 --> 00:03:14 empty uh in the meantime Fred there's
00:03:15 --> 00:03:17 been some weird noises coming from
00:03:17 --> 00:03:19 inside you uh you obviously heard about
00:03:19 --> 00:03:20 this too because we both thought we
00:03:20 --> 00:03:22 should talk about
00:03:22 --> 00:03:27 it yeah um I have got uh a recording
00:03:27 --> 00:03:30 that was provided by NASA
00:03:30 --> 00:03:31 uh which is a conversation between
00:03:31 --> 00:03:35 mission control and Astronaut Butch
00:03:35 --> 00:03:38 Wilmore and I'll let it sort of pan
00:03:38 --> 00:03:40 itself out before we discuss what the
00:03:40 --> 00:03:42 probable noise
00:03:42 --> 00:03:44 is there's a strange noise coming
00:03:44 --> 00:03:46 through the speaker and I didn't know if
00:03:46 --> 00:03:48 you could Connect into the Starliner and
00:03:48 --> 00:03:50 let me uh keep and let you hear I don't
00:03:50 --> 00:03:52 I don't know what what's making it but
00:03:52 --> 00:03:53 uh I don't know if there something that
00:03:53 --> 00:03:56 maybe connected between here and there
00:03:56 --> 00:03:58 making that happen but uh anyway can you
00:03:58 --> 00:04:00 do that we can configure that Butch give
00:04:00 --> 00:04:01 us a minute and I'll call you back when
00:04:02 --> 00:04:07 it's
00:04:07 --> 00:04:09 ready all right Butch that one came
00:04:09 --> 00:04:11 through it was kind of like a pulsing
00:04:11 --> 00:04:15 noise almost like a sonar ping I one
00:04:15 --> 00:04:17 more time and Scrat your head to see if
00:04:17 --> 00:04:34 you hear out what's going on here we go
00:04:34 --> 00:04:36 yeah so that was astronaut Butch Wilmore
00:04:36 --> 00:04:39 on the International Space Station uh
00:04:39 --> 00:04:42 conveying his concerns or at least
00:04:42 --> 00:04:44 asking NASA to investigate this odd
00:04:44 --> 00:04:46 noise coming from
00:04:46 --> 00:04:49 inside uh the
00:04:49 --> 00:04:50 Starliner and they've been trying to
00:04:50 --> 00:04:53 figure out what it is now I I know the
00:04:53 --> 00:04:56 answer now but when I first heard it I
00:04:56 --> 00:04:59 hadn't read the story and my immediate
00:04:59 --> 00:05:02 thought was audio feedback that's
00:05:02 --> 00:05:04 exactly what I thought it was and uh
00:05:04 --> 00:05:06 that's what they believe it might be a
00:05:06 --> 00:05:09 feedback loop yeah well you listen to
00:05:10 --> 00:05:12 audio all the time you've probably been
00:05:12 --> 00:05:14 in many studios where there's feedback
00:05:14 --> 00:05:15 that you don't want and it always sounds
00:05:15 --> 00:05:18 like that it does in fact uh when I
00:05:18 --> 00:05:20 worked for the ABC if you didn't push
00:05:20 --> 00:05:23 the magic button before you went on air
00:05:23 --> 00:05:26 the satellite fed back through through
00:05:26 --> 00:05:27 through all the transmitters so
00:05:28 --> 00:05:29 everybody who was listening would would
00:05:30 --> 00:05:32 got that sound yeah almost exactly like
00:05:32 --> 00:05:35 that yeah so uh yes you got a call very
00:05:35 --> 00:05:38 quickly from Master Control in Sydney if
00:05:38 --> 00:05:40 you didn't push the orange button it was
00:05:40 --> 00:05:42 the green orange button too because the
00:05:42 --> 00:05:45 it was actually marked orange because
00:05:45 --> 00:05:47 that's where the line went from Duo to a
00:05:47 --> 00:05:50 city called orange just down the road
00:05:50 --> 00:05:52 and so they had orange written on the
00:05:52 --> 00:05:54 button but the button was green so we
00:05:54 --> 00:05:56 affectionately called it the green
00:05:56 --> 00:05:59 orange button yeah well it would that's
00:05:59 --> 00:06:01 exactly the description it's the green
00:06:01 --> 00:06:03 that's right but yeah feedback turns out
00:06:03 --> 00:06:06 it was probably feedback in the um audio
00:06:06 --> 00:06:09 systems yeah so um easily solved but it
00:06:09 --> 00:06:11 must have sounded weird to them this
00:06:11 --> 00:06:13 noise they probably did worry for a
00:06:13 --> 00:06:15 minute who's got into that you know is
00:06:15 --> 00:06:18 this somebody from outside our vicinity
00:06:18 --> 00:06:22 on planet Earth or what is sound it
00:06:22 --> 00:06:23 certainly sounded like someone tried to
00:06:23 --> 00:06:27 get in yes he does yeah anyway problem
00:06:27 --> 00:06:30 solved well you know mystery solved I
00:06:30 --> 00:06:31 don't know if they've solved the problem
00:06:31 --> 00:06:32 they certainly haven't solved the
00:06:32 --> 00:06:34 problem of uh the um
00:06:34 --> 00:06:37 starliners issues but um they're working
00:06:37 --> 00:06:41 on it it um it will We Believe by the
00:06:41 --> 00:06:43 time this goes to a I suspect it will be
00:06:43 --> 00:06:46 back on Earth um because serious talk of
00:06:46 --> 00:06:48 when it when it will come back so yeah
00:06:48 --> 00:06:53 yeah okay uh Fred let's move on uh G me
00:06:53 --> 00:06:57 uh this uh is an interesting World it uh
00:06:57 --> 00:06:59 is uh
00:07:00 --> 00:07:02 well it it suffered a similar um
00:07:02 --> 00:07:05 incident to that of Earth um so many
00:07:05 --> 00:07:07 million years ago when Earth was struck
00:07:08 --> 00:07:09 by an asteroid that basically
00:07:09 --> 00:07:12 obliterated um most of the life on the
00:07:12 --> 00:07:16 planet including the um the the end of
00:07:16 --> 00:07:18 the end for the dinosaurs I think they
00:07:18 --> 00:07:19 were already in trouble but this
00:07:19 --> 00:07:24 asteroid finished the job well now uh
00:07:24 --> 00:07:26 they've been looking at the history of
00:07:26 --> 00:07:29 ganim uh Jupiter's largest moon and
00:07:29 --> 00:07:32 looks like it took a similar hit some
00:07:32 --> 00:07:34 time ago in fact that asteroid was much
00:07:34 --> 00:07:35 much
00:07:35 --> 00:07:38 bigger yes it would have to be uh
00:07:38 --> 00:07:41 because uh the modeling that has been
00:07:41 --> 00:07:44 done um by group uh based if I remember
00:07:45 --> 00:07:46 rightly in
00:07:46 --> 00:07:52 Japan uh that uh modeling uh shows that
00:07:52 --> 00:07:56 the whatever it was that hit Jupiter's
00:07:56 --> 00:08:00 moon ganade was enough to tilt it uh to
00:08:00 --> 00:08:03 change its axis and that's big stuff
00:08:03 --> 00:08:06 that's Big Time stuff um you don't you
00:08:06 --> 00:08:08 know you can clout it with something
00:08:08 --> 00:08:10 small and it might destroy a biosphere
00:08:10 --> 00:08:13 or muck it around like the like the
00:08:13 --> 00:08:16 chicks asteroid did that wiped out the
00:08:16 --> 00:08:19 dinosaurs uh but uh to change the way an
00:08:19 --> 00:08:22 object rotates uh that is really
00:08:22 --> 00:08:27 something Hefty and the thinking is that
00:08:27 --> 00:08:31 the asteroid that hit ganim was probably
00:08:31 --> 00:08:35 20 times the mass of the asteroid that
00:08:35 --> 00:08:38 hit our planet and got rid of those
00:08:38 --> 00:08:39 naughty
00:08:39 --> 00:08:43 dinosaurs back in the day so uh and the
00:08:43 --> 00:08:46 study comes it fact um scientists at
00:08:46 --> 00:08:50 kobba University uh and and elsewhere um
00:08:50 --> 00:08:53 what they've done is looked at surface
00:08:53 --> 00:08:56 features on ganim and in particular
00:08:56 --> 00:08:58 there are what are usually called
00:08:58 --> 00:09:00 furrows they're probably valleys when
00:09:00 --> 00:09:01 you you know when you get down to the
00:09:01 --> 00:09:04 scale of what they look like uh we call
00:09:04 --> 00:09:06 them furrows uh and they're concentric
00:09:06 --> 00:09:08 circles they're in they're not just you
00:09:08 --> 00:09:11 know things that strapes across the
00:09:11 --> 00:09:14 across the disc of ganim they are
00:09:14 --> 00:09:17 Centric concentric circles uh and their
00:09:17 --> 00:09:19 diameters measured in thousands of
00:09:19 --> 00:09:21 kilometers remember ganm is bigger than
00:09:21 --> 00:09:23 the planet Mercury it's uh yeah it's
00:09:23 --> 00:09:27 diameters um well over 5
00:09:27 --> 00:09:31 kilometers uh so uh the uh the what what
00:09:31 --> 00:09:33 these scientists have done is looked at
00:09:33 --> 00:09:36 these circles and in particular looked
00:09:36 --> 00:09:38 at kind of where the center is the
00:09:38 --> 00:09:40 center of What's called the furrow
00:09:40 --> 00:09:42 system I suppose you think of furrowed
00:09:42 --> 00:09:45 brows and things like that but that's
00:09:45 --> 00:09:48 what they are um and it turns out that
00:09:48 --> 00:09:51 that Center is exactly opposite where
00:09:51 --> 00:09:54 Jupiter is uh in the sky of ganim
00:09:54 --> 00:09:58 because like most moons next to a big
00:09:58 --> 00:10:02 planet ganim is tidy locked in in its
00:10:02 --> 00:10:05 dance around the planet Jupiter uh it's
00:10:05 --> 00:10:07 tidy locked so it always faces the same
00:10:07 --> 00:10:12 side to Jupiter this is um telling you
00:10:12 --> 00:10:15 that the center of the feros system is
00:10:15 --> 00:10:17 directly opposite where Jupiter is in
00:10:17 --> 00:10:20 the sky and this has led these
00:10:20 --> 00:10:22 scientists to do modeling as to how that
00:10:22 --> 00:10:24 could have occurred and sure enough
00:10:25 --> 00:10:28 something big has hit it uh only a large
00:10:28 --> 00:10:31 impact could have moved the rotational
00:10:31 --> 00:10:33 axis of ganim in the way that we think
00:10:33 --> 00:10:36 it has happened so uh yeah really quite
00:10:36 --> 00:10:39 significant Discovery some really very
00:10:39 --> 00:10:41 nice planetary geology if I can call it
00:10:41 --> 00:10:44 that uh that's gone into this study uh
00:10:44 --> 00:10:50 and um very much uh a a an outcome uh
00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 that uh we think might change our
00:10:52 --> 00:10:54 understanding of
00:10:54 --> 00:10:57 G and we're talking about an asteroid
00:10:57 --> 00:10:59 that was 300
00:10:59 --> 00:11:01 kilometers in diameter something like
00:11:01 --> 00:11:04 that which is about 100 what about 180
00:11:04 --> 00:11:07 miles in diameter yeah would be about
00:11:07 --> 00:11:10 yeah that's a big rock it is a big rock
00:11:10 --> 00:11:14 yes uh we would not uh had that hit the
00:11:14 --> 00:11:16 earth uh we would have probably had a
00:11:16 --> 00:11:20 global Extinction of everything uh
00:11:20 --> 00:11:22 because the effect on the planet's
00:11:22 --> 00:11:27 atmosphere and biosphere would have been
00:11:27 --> 00:11:29 devastating and would and you'd have to
00:11:29 --> 00:11:31 say that would be irrecoverable life
00:11:31 --> 00:11:33 would not have developed at
00:11:33 --> 00:11:37 all uh it may have done it may but it
00:11:37 --> 00:11:39 might have had to start again you know
00:11:39 --> 00:11:42 yeah uh from whatever processes started
00:11:42 --> 00:11:44 life 3.8 or thereabouts million years
00:11:44 --> 00:11:47 ago billion years ago uh yeah you you
00:11:47 --> 00:11:50 might be going back to square one um
00:11:50 --> 00:11:53 which sort of may have happened anyway
00:11:53 --> 00:11:56 uh you know um in the in the earliest
00:11:56 --> 00:11:58 history of the of the planet because it
00:11:58 --> 00:12:01 went through various be phases we talked
00:12:01 --> 00:12:02 not very long ago about snowball Earth
00:12:03 --> 00:12:05 which actually wasn't that long ago 700
00:12:05 --> 00:12:07 million years ago but in its early
00:12:07 --> 00:12:09 history it probably had all kinds of
00:12:09 --> 00:12:11 weird and wonderful phases that it went
00:12:11 --> 00:12:13 through and how long ago did this happen
00:12:13 --> 00:12:16 to gimu four billion years ago something
00:12:16 --> 00:12:18 like that that's correct and that's a
00:12:18 --> 00:12:22 time when the you know the solar system
00:12:22 --> 00:12:24 was pretty Wild and Woolly there was
00:12:24 --> 00:12:28 still a lot of uh debris from left over
00:12:28 --> 00:12:30 from the formation the planets like
00:12:30 --> 00:12:32 large asteroids uh which were selling
00:12:32 --> 00:12:36 around the solar system um it may even
00:12:36 --> 00:12:39 have been that you know ganim was only
00:12:39 --> 00:12:41 just Tethered to the planet Jupiter at
00:12:41 --> 00:12:43 that time it probably may even have been
00:12:43 --> 00:12:46 itself a very hot world because uh four
00:12:46 --> 00:12:49 billion years ago U you know the the the
00:12:49 --> 00:12:52 solar system is only 4.6 or 4.7 billion
00:12:52 --> 00:12:54 years old so you're talking about very
00:12:54 --> 00:12:56 early time in the history of our solar
00:12:56 --> 00:12:57 system and things would have been very
00:12:57 --> 00:12:59 different from what they are now
00:12:59 --> 00:13:04 yeah um what would have happened to the
00:13:04 --> 00:13:06 asteroid would it be absorbed into ganim
00:13:06 --> 00:13:09 meat or because it made a crater like a
00:13:09 --> 00:13:11 massive crater 1 kilometers or
00:13:11 --> 00:13:15 something in diameter that's right so
00:13:15 --> 00:13:17 you're absolutely right uh we think that
00:13:17 --> 00:13:20 ganim is an ice world that it has a very
00:13:20 --> 00:13:25 thick layer of ice probably you know 150
00:13:25 --> 00:13:27 kilometers thick much thicker than what
00:13:27 --> 00:13:29 we think Enceladus has but of course
00:13:29 --> 00:13:31 ganim is much much lar larger than
00:13:31 --> 00:13:35 Enceladus or Europa um and uh underneath
00:13:35 --> 00:13:38 that layer of ice there is an ocean we
00:13:38 --> 00:13:41 think uh we have very good reason for
00:13:41 --> 00:13:45 believing that uh and um that is
00:13:45 --> 00:13:49 probably uh where the Dey lies it's
00:13:49 --> 00:13:51 probably been absorbed into the ice
00:13:51 --> 00:13:55 crust of ganed uh so if we got close
00:13:55 --> 00:13:58 enough as it rotates we could hear a a
00:13:58 --> 00:14:01 rattling scraping sand that would be
00:14:01 --> 00:14:03 the the asteroid churning around
00:14:03 --> 00:14:07 underneath the ice L I suspect it
00:14:07 --> 00:14:10 probably got obliterated but there
00:14:10 --> 00:14:12 should be Rocky deis from it you would
00:14:12 --> 00:14:15 think uh which might well be something
00:14:15 --> 00:14:18 that the first time we send a Lander to
00:14:18 --> 00:14:20 ganim that sort of lands among the
00:14:20 --> 00:14:22 furrows which might be quite hazardous
00:14:22 --> 00:14:24 actually but once you do that you might
00:14:24 --> 00:14:27 very well be able to look for evidence
00:14:27 --> 00:14:31 of the uh you know the devastation uh of
00:14:31 --> 00:14:33 this asteroid the part the bits and
00:14:33 --> 00:14:35 pieces that are left over from that um
00:14:35 --> 00:14:36 that
00:14:36 --> 00:14:39 cataclysmic I know people are saying ask
00:14:39 --> 00:14:41 the question Andrew ask the question so
00:14:41 --> 00:14:43 I'll ask the question how do we know
00:14:43 --> 00:14:44 this happened how
00:14:44 --> 00:14:47 how is it just because we we're looking
00:14:47 --> 00:14:49 at the surface going oh hello what
00:14:49 --> 00:14:51 happened here or is or is there
00:14:51 --> 00:14:53 something else in play no you you're
00:14:53 --> 00:14:54 right absolutely right because I've
00:14:54 --> 00:14:58 skirted over that uh so the the the the
00:14:58 --> 00:14:59 the concentric
00:14:59 --> 00:15:03 circles what tell you that there was an
00:15:03 --> 00:15:06 impact event that's you know the the
00:15:06 --> 00:15:10 basically the Deb or kind of quazi quazi
00:15:10 --> 00:15:15 Creator uh but um it's the uh it's
00:15:15 --> 00:15:19 the the position of this in relation to
00:15:19 --> 00:15:21 the direction to
00:15:21 --> 00:15:26 Jupiter uh that suggests that the uh the
00:15:26 --> 00:15:27 the
00:15:27 --> 00:15:29 rotation axis of jup
00:15:29 --> 00:15:35 has changed and that's um probably
00:15:35 --> 00:15:39 because of the the the the way the um
00:15:39 --> 00:15:44 planet rotates about Jupiter uh you you
00:15:44 --> 00:15:45 you
00:15:45 --> 00:15:47 expect
00:15:47 --> 00:15:49 um you yes it's because there's a
00:15:50 --> 00:15:53 misalignment of the rotation axis with
00:15:53 --> 00:15:55 Jupiter even though it's tily locked
00:15:55 --> 00:15:57 you've got this misalignment sorry I'm
00:15:57 --> 00:16:00 I'm finding try to find the right words
00:16:00 --> 00:16:02 to describe it so the direction to
00:16:02 --> 00:16:04 Jupiter is different from what you'd
00:16:04 --> 00:16:06 expect given the rotation axis that that
00:16:06 --> 00:16:10 gime chose um I so when you think about
00:16:10 --> 00:16:12 it you know the the way our moon rotates
00:16:12 --> 00:16:15 it goes around once per lunation once
00:16:15 --> 00:16:17 every time it revolves around the planet
00:16:17 --> 00:16:20 and it's its rotation axis is almost
00:16:20 --> 00:16:23 perpendicular to its orbit but gimy
00:16:23 --> 00:16:26 isn't that's the that's the bottom line
00:16:26 --> 00:16:29 okay right um if you'd asked an
00:16:29 --> 00:16:31 Australian scientist what it was they
00:16:31 --> 00:16:35 would have said ah it's out of
00:16:35 --> 00:16:38 whack um well they might also say well
00:16:39 --> 00:16:41 everything's gone bung everything's gone
00:16:41 --> 00:16:45 bung it's out of whack yeah that's what
00:16:45 --> 00:16:47 it was yeah all right so uh yeah
00:16:47 --> 00:16:50 fascinating history and uh one big
00:16:50 --> 00:16:52 Collision uh wouldn't you have loved to
00:16:52 --> 00:16:54 have been able to film that and put it
00:16:54 --> 00:16:57 on Instagram you would um this oh yes
00:16:57 --> 00:16:58 and and you can find that story on
00:16:59 --> 00:17:01 Cosmos Magazine's website this is Space
00:17:01 --> 00:17:04 Nuts with Andrew Dunley and Professor
00:17:04 --> 00:17:04 Fred
00:17:04 --> 00:17:07 [Music]
00:17:08 --> 00:17:11 Watson iine Space Nuts just going to
00:17:11 --> 00:17:13 take some medicine FR it so this
00:17:13 --> 00:17:17 medicine here hang on let me
00:17:17 --> 00:17:20 look let me see it again oh oh that's
00:17:20 --> 00:17:22 interesting looking medicine yeah yes it
00:17:22 --> 00:17:26 is it's um it's called
00:17:26 --> 00:17:31 mot no um could be something similar all
00:17:31 --> 00:17:33 right uh let's move
00:17:33 --> 00:17:36 on and we'll talk we talk now about
00:17:36 --> 00:17:38 black hle Jets now we've done a story
00:17:38 --> 00:17:40 about them only very
00:17:40 --> 00:17:42 recently uh but it's back in the news
00:17:43 --> 00:17:45 there's more to be told about these
00:17:45 --> 00:17:47 black hole Jets and this is something we
00:17:47 --> 00:17:49 get questions about so very often
00:17:49 --> 00:17:53 Fred we do because it's kind of
00:17:53 --> 00:17:56 counterintuitive you've got a black hole
00:17:56 --> 00:17:58 uh from which you know nothing can
00:17:58 --> 00:18:00 escape because it's a black hole and yet
00:18:00 --> 00:18:03 it has around it a swirling disc of
00:18:03 --> 00:18:08 material which itself is propelling Jets
00:18:08 --> 00:18:10 of plasma to the north and south of the
00:18:10 --> 00:18:12 black hole in other words perpendicular
00:18:12 --> 00:18:16 to this disc of material uh and um we
00:18:16 --> 00:18:18 gly say that's due to the magnetic field
00:18:18 --> 00:18:22 of the black hole um rotating black
00:18:22 --> 00:18:25 holes do have magnetic fields um but the
00:18:25 --> 00:18:29 details of that I think have been well
00:18:29 --> 00:18:32 largely theoretical until now when
00:18:32 --> 00:18:37 scientists at uh the PPP which is the
00:18:37 --> 00:18:39 Princeton plasma Physics laboratory in
00:18:39 --> 00:18:42 New Jersey uh they've actually done it
00:18:42 --> 00:18:46 they've created a black hole not quite
00:18:46 --> 00:18:50 uh but uh created the the the plasma
00:18:50 --> 00:18:52 that would come from the material
00:18:52 --> 00:18:55 surrounding a black hole so it's a high
00:18:55 --> 00:18:58 energy density plasma uh they did it by
00:18:58 --> 00:18:59 SHO
00:18:59 --> 00:19:03 uh a very very powerful pulse laser at a
00:19:03 --> 00:19:05 plastic Target uh so that creates the
00:19:05 --> 00:19:09 plasma and they you know they created um
00:19:09 --> 00:19:11 basically nuclear fusion in a in a
00:19:11 --> 00:19:15 little fuel capsule uh and got from that
00:19:15 --> 00:19:18 protons and x-rays all the stuff that uh
00:19:18 --> 00:19:21 that they think would be in this disc of
00:19:21 --> 00:19:24 material rotating uh around a black hole
00:19:25 --> 00:19:27 uh but what happens is the way the
00:19:27 --> 00:19:31 x-rays and the streams of protons uh
00:19:31 --> 00:19:33 interfere with the high energy density
00:19:33 --> 00:19:36 plasma or or the way they interact with
00:19:36 --> 00:19:39 it um involves very very strong magnetic
00:19:39 --> 00:19:42 fields which do the sort of thing that
00:19:42 --> 00:19:44 magnetic fields do on the sun they they
00:19:44 --> 00:19:45 break and
00:19:45 --> 00:19:50 recombine uh and what they've done uh is
00:19:51 --> 00:19:55 essentially seen how you can create a a
00:19:55 --> 00:19:59 a a straight narrow line of plasma um
00:19:59 --> 00:20:01 I'm going to read some uh some comments
00:20:01 --> 00:20:04 by one of the researchers will Fox uh at
00:20:04 --> 00:20:07 PPP uh our experiment was unique because
00:20:07 --> 00:20:10 we could directly see the magnetic field
00:20:10 --> 00:20:12 changing over time we could directly
00:20:12 --> 00:20:16 observe how the field gets pushed out
00:20:16 --> 00:20:18 and responds to the plasma in a type of
00:20:18 --> 00:20:19 tug
00:20:19 --> 00:20:21 ofwar
00:20:21 --> 00:20:24 um and another comment from one of the
00:20:24 --> 00:20:27 other researchers um when we did the
00:20:27 --> 00:20:29 experiment and analyzed the data we
00:20:29 --> 00:20:31 discovered we had something big
00:20:31 --> 00:20:34 observing Magneto tailor
00:20:34 --> 00:20:36 instabilities arising from the
00:20:36 --> 00:20:38 interaction of plasma and magnetic field
00:20:38 --> 00:20:40 had long been thought to occur but had
00:20:40 --> 00:20:43 never been directly observed until now
00:20:43 --> 00:20:45 this observation helps to confirm that
00:20:45 --> 00:20:47 this instability occurs when expanding
00:20:47 --> 00:20:51 plasma meets magnetic fields so uh the
00:20:51 --> 00:20:54 gobl word there is
00:20:54 --> 00:20:58 Magneto tailor instability uh it's
00:20:58 --> 00:21:01 descri described very nicely by
00:21:01 --> 00:21:04 space.com uh as a bubbling and frothing
00:21:05 --> 00:21:08 of the plasma uh it slushes against the
00:21:08 --> 00:21:11 magnetic field lines Bubbles and froths
00:21:11 --> 00:21:14 and gives you this instability creates
00:21:14 --> 00:21:17 shapes in the magnetic field that looks
00:21:17 --> 00:21:20 like that look like whs and mushrooms
00:21:20 --> 00:21:22 but this is the the tricky bit here
00:21:22 --> 00:21:27 Andrew as that energy decreases um then
00:21:27 --> 00:21:29 like they do on the Sun the magnetic
00:21:29 --> 00:21:32 field lines could snap back rather than
00:21:32 --> 00:21:34 creating this froth of magnetism and
00:21:34 --> 00:21:36 when they do that uh you get a
00:21:36 --> 00:21:40 compression of the plasma into this jet
00:21:40 --> 00:21:43 of of material just like we see coming
00:21:43 --> 00:21:45 from black holes in the centers of
00:21:45 --> 00:21:47 galaxies so an experiment that basically
00:21:48 --> 00:21:50 duplicates what happens uh in in the
00:21:50 --> 00:21:52 plasma surrounding a black hole
00:21:52 --> 00:21:54 remarkable stuff and you need a high
00:21:54 --> 00:21:56 energy Physics laboratory to do it it's
00:21:56 --> 00:21:57 not the sort of thing you can do in your
00:21:57 --> 00:22:00 backyard
00:22:00 --> 00:22:02 and and and we've finally found a good
00:22:02 --> 00:22:04 reason to have plastic which is you know
00:22:04 --> 00:22:07 even better to zap it with the 20 Jewel
00:22:07 --> 00:22:10 laser that's right yeah yes we need to
00:22:10 --> 00:22:14 do a lot of that um so as I understand
00:22:14 --> 00:22:16 it this has basically opened the door to
00:22:16 --> 00:22:19 improve our understanding of what's
00:22:19 --> 00:22:21 happening in space in terms of these
00:22:21 --> 00:22:24 kinds of events because um it's always
00:22:24 --> 00:22:26 been very mysterious but they've created
00:22:27 --> 00:22:28 it in a lab which a which is
00:22:28 --> 00:22:31 extraordinary on its own but now it
00:22:31 --> 00:22:33 opens the door to wider study and
00:22:33 --> 00:22:36 understanding is that fairly accurate
00:22:36 --> 00:22:39 yeah that's right so what they've done I
00:22:39 --> 00:22:41 mean the you know the best modeling that
00:22:41 --> 00:22:43 we've got with all the supercomputers
00:22:43 --> 00:22:44 doing calculations theoretical
00:22:44 --> 00:22:47 calculations of what you expect to find
00:22:47 --> 00:22:49 in the region around a black hole um you
00:22:49 --> 00:22:51 can model it till the blue in your fa
00:22:51 --> 00:22:54 till you're blue in the face but um if
00:22:54 --> 00:22:56 you can demonstrate it experimentally
00:22:56 --> 00:22:58 and there aren't many circumstances in
00:22:58 --> 00:23:00 astronomy where we can do that because
00:23:00 --> 00:23:02 you can't for example build planets and
00:23:02 --> 00:23:04 watch how they distort the space around
00:23:04 --> 00:23:08 them too big not really no but you can
00:23:08 --> 00:23:12 what you can do with some uh in you know
00:23:12 --> 00:23:14 some uh interactions that involve High
00:23:14 --> 00:23:16 energies and this is clearly one of
00:23:16 --> 00:23:19 those uh is to build clever experiments
00:23:19 --> 00:23:22 this there was some quite nuanced uh
00:23:22 --> 00:23:23 ways in which this experiment was
00:23:23 --> 00:23:26 carried out uh if you can do that and
00:23:26 --> 00:23:27 show that what you get at the end of it
00:23:28 --> 00:23:29 is what you expected to get from the
00:23:29 --> 00:23:31 theory then you can be much more
00:23:31 --> 00:23:33 confident in applying the theory to a
00:23:33 --> 00:23:34 real situation where you've got a black
00:23:34 --> 00:23:37 hole in the center of the Galaxy uh so
00:23:37 --> 00:23:39 it's very valuable stuff and in fact you
00:23:39 --> 00:23:41 can probably learn more from it because
00:23:41 --> 00:23:44 the the reality of doing this with your
00:23:44 --> 00:23:49 streaming um relativistic plasma uh that
00:23:49 --> 00:23:51 might teach you other things that your
00:23:51 --> 00:23:54 theory wasn't really um wasn't
00:23:54 --> 00:23:57 sufficiently finely tuned to to show so
00:23:57 --> 00:23:59 very valuable experimentation and a
00:23:59 --> 00:24:02 great result yes indeed uh if you'd like
00:24:02 --> 00:24:04 to read up on that as Fred said it's at
00:24:04 --> 00:24:07 space.com or you can read the paper uh
00:24:07 --> 00:24:11 in the journal physical review research
00:24:11 --> 00:24:13 this is Space Nuts Andrew Dunley here
00:24:13 --> 00:24:17 Fred Watson
00:24:17 --> 00:24:20 there space nuts and we've got one more
00:24:20 --> 00:24:23 story Fred and this one is going to get
00:24:23 --> 00:24:26 people really kind of well maybe
00:24:27 --> 00:24:30 divided um there are people in the world
00:24:30 --> 00:24:32 that believe that aliens have visited
00:24:32 --> 00:24:35 Earth and there are those that say poppy
00:24:35 --> 00:24:37 Kong uh and now they've been looking
00:24:37 --> 00:24:40 into these thoughts and claims and
00:24:40 --> 00:24:43 beliefs and it's starting to become a
00:24:43 --> 00:24:45 problem why
00:24:45 --> 00:24:47 so
00:24:47 --> 00:24:51 UHC yes because the what it does is it
00:24:51 --> 00:24:54 breathes conspiracy theories uh because
00:24:54 --> 00:24:57 on the one hand you've got uh you know
00:24:57 --> 00:24:59 the Pentagon and others saying nothing
00:24:59 --> 00:25:02 to see here and they're being far more
00:25:02 --> 00:25:04 explicit in the way they're saying that
00:25:04 --> 00:25:05 now because we're seeing pictures of of
00:25:06 --> 00:25:08 what they have seen uh but you know they
00:25:08 --> 00:25:11 seen unidentified anomalous phenomena
00:25:11 --> 00:25:14 but no evidence in any of that that
00:25:14 --> 00:25:15 these are due to
00:25:15 --> 00:25:18 extraterrestrial uh visitations so
00:25:18 --> 00:25:20 you've got on the one hand Pentagon
00:25:20 --> 00:25:23 saying that nothing to see here uh and
00:25:23 --> 00:25:25 there are large numbers of people saying
00:25:25 --> 00:25:26 well we don't believe the Pentagon
00:25:26 --> 00:25:28 because they're always keeping secrets
00:25:28 --> 00:25:32 so they must be there uh and so there
00:25:32 --> 00:25:35 was a poll done in 2019 this is just one
00:25:35 --> 00:25:37 of the statistics that I think is really
00:25:37 --> 00:25:40 interesting about this story uh a poll
00:25:40 --> 00:25:44 done in 19 2019 a Gallup poll uh found
00:25:44 --> 00:25:47 that 68% of Americans believe that the
00:25:47 --> 00:25:50 US government knows more about EOS than
00:25:50 --> 00:25:51 it is
00:25:51 --> 00:25:55 telling uh and the you know this this
00:25:55 --> 00:25:58 that's one reason I think why there's
00:25:58 --> 00:26:01 been much more openness uh about the
00:26:01 --> 00:26:03 Pentagon Files about this sort of thing
00:26:03 --> 00:26:04 than there has been in the past we've
00:26:04 --> 00:26:07 talked about this before that uh there
00:26:07 --> 00:26:09 there was a congressional hearing uh not
00:26:09 --> 00:26:12 very long ago uh about these you know
00:26:12 --> 00:26:13 these
00:26:13 --> 00:26:17 documents um it's it's
00:26:17 --> 00:26:20 really you know it's it's really that
00:26:20 --> 00:26:23 that idea of conspiracy that is probably
00:26:23 --> 00:26:24 the most dangerous thing because the
00:26:24 --> 00:26:26 more people you've got believe in
00:26:26 --> 00:26:29 conspiracies the fewer people you've got
00:26:29 --> 00:26:34 who are you know taking a more um a more
00:26:34 --> 00:26:37 uh how can I say measured line about
00:26:37 --> 00:26:40 things that we don't understand um the
00:26:40 --> 00:26:42 bottom line is and you know I can say
00:26:42 --> 00:26:44 this is a well semi-working
00:26:44 --> 00:26:47 astrophysicist I don't do much research
00:26:47 --> 00:26:48 these days but I'm still very connected
00:26:49 --> 00:26:51 with the with the field there is zero
00:26:51 --> 00:26:56 evidence zero evidence of any visitation
00:26:56 --> 00:27:00 uh by um by by aliens to our planet
00:27:00 --> 00:27:02 there is nothing you can present that
00:27:03 --> 00:27:05 conclusively proves that and yet we've
00:27:05 --> 00:27:08 got this huge number uh that thinks that
00:27:08 --> 00:27:10 something's going on at Roswell for
00:27:10 --> 00:27:13 example uh the government from us all of
00:27:13 --> 00:27:16 that in the mix oh there is there is
00:27:16 --> 00:27:18 proof that aliens have not visited Earth
00:27:18 --> 00:27:20 and that's it's called the Drake
00:27:20 --> 00:27:22 equation well yes that that's right the
00:27:22 --> 00:27:25 fmy Paradox as well you know the fmy
00:27:25 --> 00:27:28 Paradox says where are they all U cuz we
00:27:28 --> 00:27:29 should be seeing them but they're not
00:27:29 --> 00:27:34 here yeah so yeah I'm just looking at
00:27:34 --> 00:27:36 some of the statistics uh 24% of
00:27:37 --> 00:27:38 Americans say they've seen a UFO I'm
00:27:38 --> 00:27:41 sure it's similar in other countries um
00:27:41 --> 00:27:45 well you can't absolutely say that
00:27:45 --> 00:27:47 people have not seen UFOs that doesn't
00:27:47 --> 00:27:49 mean they're alien spacecraft it could
00:27:49 --> 00:27:51 just be a a jet plane that nobody
00:27:51 --> 00:27:53 identified or the sun's hitting at a
00:27:53 --> 00:27:54 strange angle so it looks like a blob
00:27:54 --> 00:27:58 instead of a metal fuselage there's all
00:27:58 --> 00:28:00 sorts of yeah most of them can be
00:28:00 --> 00:28:04 explained away uh that's right most most
00:28:04 --> 00:28:07 of them are the planet Venus in fact yes
00:28:07 --> 00:28:11 yes absolutely lots of people post um
00:28:11 --> 00:28:13 questions on social media oh what was
00:28:13 --> 00:28:14 that big light in the sky last night
00:28:14 --> 00:28:17 yeah I was B this yeah
00:28:17 --> 00:28:20 exactly I think the sorry go ahead
00:28:20 --> 00:28:22 Andrew go I'm just thinking this is not
00:28:22 --> 00:28:24 going to go away because once people get
00:28:24 --> 00:28:26 a be in their Bonnet they don't want to
00:28:26 --> 00:28:28 let it go
00:28:28 --> 00:28:31 that's correct uh and there's there's
00:28:31 --> 00:28:32 even a
00:28:32 --> 00:28:37 concern uh that you know there might be
00:28:37 --> 00:28:41 uh an an invasion of the Roswell site a
00:28:41 --> 00:28:44 bit like there was on the capital on the
00:28:44 --> 00:28:48 6th of January uh that's something that
00:28:48 --> 00:28:51 has authorities worried I think uh that
00:28:51 --> 00:28:56 that could happen um it's also this this
00:28:56 --> 00:28:58 article and it's actually uh it's
00:28:58 --> 00:29:01 basically um an article from the
00:29:01 --> 00:29:03 conversation it's written by Tony
00:29:03 --> 00:29:05 Milligan who is a research fellow in the
00:29:05 --> 00:29:08 philosophy of Ethics at King's College
00:29:08 --> 00:29:12 in London um the there there is one of
00:29:12 --> 00:29:13 the other elements in this article which
00:29:13 --> 00:29:16 is a really interesting one is the way
00:29:16 --> 00:29:21 that in popular um ideas popular
00:29:21 --> 00:29:24 conspiracies a lot of First Nations
00:29:24 --> 00:29:28 people are being incorporated into those
00:29:28 --> 00:29:31 uh ideas that you've got First Nations
00:29:31 --> 00:29:35 communities who know a lot more about uh
00:29:35 --> 00:29:38 EOS and things of that sort than we do
00:29:38 --> 00:29:40 there's there's a sort of mix in here
00:29:40 --> 00:29:42 and I think that side of it is one
00:29:42 --> 00:29:45 that's concerning as well because First
00:29:45 --> 00:29:47 Nations people across the world
00:29:47 --> 00:29:48 including here in Australia in Canada in
00:29:48 --> 00:29:51 the United States have got creation
00:29:51 --> 00:29:53 stories which are fabulous and wonderful
00:29:53 --> 00:29:57 to listen to and wonderful to align with
00:29:57 --> 00:29:58 our understanding of what's going on in
00:29:58 --> 00:30:00 the sky and how it works from a
00:30:00 --> 00:30:03 scientific I I think this really started
00:30:03 --> 00:30:07 taking off after World War II but in
00:30:07 --> 00:30:10 particular in the 60s and and then into
00:30:10 --> 00:30:13 the 70s and there was a a really
00:30:13 --> 00:30:15 wellmade whether or not it was full of
00:30:15 --> 00:30:18 shite or you know based on some truths
00:30:18 --> 00:30:20 uh documentary called Chariots of the
00:30:20 --> 00:30:24 Gods and that's right y y I think it
00:30:24 --> 00:30:26 busted the whole thing open to be honest
00:30:26 --> 00:30:29 the Chariots of the Gods was uh about
00:30:29 --> 00:30:32 the nzar lines and the nazka figures um
00:30:32 --> 00:30:36 and uh yes it's complete fiction um you
00:30:36 --> 00:30:38 know because certainly in the case of
00:30:38 --> 00:30:40 the nazcar lines you can there's still
00:30:40 --> 00:30:43 the the pegs that those um early
00:30:43 --> 00:30:46 peruvians used to to draw them and bits
00:30:46 --> 00:30:47 of string that they used to make the
00:30:47 --> 00:30:49 alignments they're still there you can
00:30:49 --> 00:30:51 carbonate them because they're organic
00:30:51 --> 00:30:54 material um that was back in the 60s
00:30:54 --> 00:30:56 you're quite right uh it certainly gave
00:30:56 --> 00:31:00 us a lot of interest in in that uh in
00:31:00 --> 00:31:03 that thinking um I visited the nascal
00:31:03 --> 00:31:05 lines and talked to uh people who are
00:31:05 --> 00:31:07 archaeologists in that country uh
00:31:07 --> 00:31:11 specializing in them um there's a a good
00:31:11 --> 00:31:13 reason why those lines were drawn and
00:31:13 --> 00:31:15 why those Figures were drawn gigantic
00:31:15 --> 00:31:18 figures in the desert and that's because
00:31:18 --> 00:31:19 they believed that the shamans the holy
00:31:19 --> 00:31:23 men uh and they nearly all were men were
00:31:23 --> 00:31:26 able to fly above them and see these
00:31:26 --> 00:31:28 things on the ground that's that's
00:31:28 --> 00:31:30 basically the the bottom line why it was
00:31:31 --> 00:31:34 and some of them also Mark out what you
00:31:34 --> 00:31:35 might call processional tracks you there
00:31:35 --> 00:31:37 are things that you could walk along so
00:31:37 --> 00:31:39 there's a hummingbird that uh is is a
00:31:39 --> 00:31:41 beautiful thing in the on the desert
00:31:41 --> 00:31:44 floor uh which has a an an entry and an
00:31:44 --> 00:31:46 exit so people could walk along in in
00:31:46 --> 00:31:48 their whatever their rituals were that
00:31:48 --> 00:31:49 they were doing they followed the path
00:31:50 --> 00:31:52 of the hummingbird and came out so that
00:31:52 --> 00:31:54 there's a lot of study been done on
00:31:54 --> 00:31:57 those lines um but yes I think chars of
00:31:57 --> 00:31:59 the Gods kicks it all off in the oh for
00:31:59 --> 00:32:01 sure yeah that that hummingbird I think
00:32:01 --> 00:32:03 people who do that walk they uh they
00:32:03 --> 00:32:05 come out just below the back of the
00:32:05 --> 00:32:07 wings um behind the legs that's where
00:32:07 --> 00:32:11 the exit is right I I think there is an
00:32:11 --> 00:32:13 exit there yes I believe that's right
00:32:13 --> 00:32:16 yes sure there is I'm sure there is but
00:32:16 --> 00:32:18 uh yeah I mean when you've got uh
00:32:18 --> 00:32:20 presidents and high-profile politicians
00:32:20 --> 00:32:22 talking about releasing information
00:32:22 --> 00:32:25 about what the Pentagon knows and what
00:32:25 --> 00:32:27 the US government knows about these
00:32:27 --> 00:32:29 kinds of things it just stirs the pot
00:32:29 --> 00:32:32 doesn't it it just goes on and on and on
00:32:32 --> 00:32:35 yes that's right so the more open you
00:32:35 --> 00:32:37 can be the the less likely you are to
00:32:38 --> 00:32:39 get conspiracy theories but there might
00:32:39 --> 00:32:42 be you know this still might happen
00:32:42 --> 00:32:43 whether you're open or
00:32:43 --> 00:32:46 not think we're way too far down the
00:32:46 --> 00:32:48 track for this to be sounds like it
00:32:48 --> 00:32:50 doesn't it brought under control to be
00:32:50 --> 00:32:51 perfectly honest yeah but it's a
00:32:51 --> 00:32:53 fascinating story really a really good
00:32:53 --> 00:32:58 read uh you can find that uh at now
00:32:58 --> 00:33:01 where was it um f.org yeah uh it's it is
00:33:01 --> 00:33:04 indeed on Fizz do.org but it's also on
00:33:04 --> 00:33:05 the conversation that's where yeah
00:33:05 --> 00:33:07 conversations got a great article on it
00:33:07 --> 00:33:10 as well check them out uh that brings us
00:33:10 --> 00:33:12 to the end don't forget to visit us
00:33:12 --> 00:33:17 online if you uh so desire and um check
00:33:17 --> 00:33:18 us out you can send questions through
00:33:19 --> 00:33:21 the AMA link or you can read the
00:33:21 --> 00:33:23 astronomy daily Newsfeed and sign up for
00:33:23 --> 00:33:25 that you can go to our shop and see
00:33:25 --> 00:33:28 what's on offer all sorts of Space Nuts
00:33:28 --> 00:33:32 bits and pieces and you can also support
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00:33:34 --> 00:33:37 if you would like to do that and if you
00:33:37 --> 00:33:40 do follow us on any social media
00:33:40 --> 00:33:43 platforms please don't forget to uh like
00:33:43 --> 00:33:46 us follow us or subscribe depending on
00:33:46 --> 00:33:48 which platform it is Fred we're all done
00:33:48 --> 00:33:50 thank you very much
00:33:50 --> 00:33:53 sir uh it's a pleasure uh always very
00:33:53 --> 00:33:55 good to talk about all the stuff that we
00:33:55 --> 00:33:57 talk about yes yes I'm sure some of
00:33:57 --> 00:33:59 these stories will spawn questions I
00:33:59 --> 00:34:01 have no doubt about that which we'll
00:34:01 --> 00:34:03 answer in later episodes thanks Fred
00:34:03 --> 00:34:06 we'll see you soon sounds good thank you
00:34:06 --> 00:34:09 Fred Watson astronomer at large and Hugh
00:34:09 --> 00:34:12 in the studio has been incredibly quiet
00:34:12 --> 00:34:15 today very very quiet which is quite
00:34:15 --> 00:34:18 normal and from me Andrew Dunley thanks
00:34:18 --> 00:34:19 for your company we'll see you on the
00:34:19 --> 00:34:22 very next episode of Space Nuts bye-bye
00:34:22 --> 00:34:24 nuts you'll be listening to the Space
00:34:24 --> 00:34:26 Nuts
00:34:26 --> 00:34:29 podcast available at Apple podcasts
00:34:29 --> 00:34:32 Spotify iHeart radio or your favorite
00:34:32 --> 00:34:34 podcast player you can also stream on
00:34:34 --> 00:34:37 demand at bites.com this has been
00:34:37 --> 00:34:40 another quality podcast production from
00:34:40 --> 00:34:42 bites.com