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Space Nuts Q&A Edition - Episode 468
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson in this lively Q&A episode of Space Nuts, where they dive into a variety of intriguing questions from our audience. From the mysteries of lunar lava tubes to the wonders of black holes and gravitational waves, this episode is packed with fascinating insights and cosmic discussions.
Episode Highlights :
- Lunar Lava Tubes : Discuss the potential hazards that lunar lava tubes might pose for future moon missions. Explore the implications for astronauts traversing the moon's surface and how NASA might mitigate these risks.
- Black Hole Conundrums : Tackle a thought-provoking question about the behaviour of light within a black hole. Discover the complexities of singularities and the fascinating concept of frame dragging in rotating black holes.
- Gravitational Waves and Cosmic Expansion : Delve into the nature of gravitational waves and their impact on our understanding of the universe. Learn whether these waves could influence cosmic phenomena like gravitational lensing and the expansion of the universe.
- Instatravel Pod Adventure : Imagine a journey to any location in the universe with a hypothetical instatravel pod. Join Andrew and Fred Watson as they share where they would go and why, from viewing the Milky Way from afar to discovering intelligent life on another planet.
For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website (https://www.spacenutspodcast.com) . Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on facebook, X, YouTube, Tumblr, Instagram, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favourite platform.
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Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.
00:00 - Andrew Dunkley answers audience questions on this edition of Space Nuts
03:54 - Mikey from Illinois ponders about possible lava tubes on the moon
10:02 - Jake from Australia has a question about Black holes
14:48 - Would gravitational waves help explain the expansion of the universe
17:49 - Do gravitational waves travel as a sphere or do they affect space time
22:15 - Fred asks two questions about a unique opportunity to travel in a space pod
25:17 - Andrew was asked where he would like to go in the universe
31:37 - Andrew Dunkley: Thank you for listening to the Space Nuts podcast
Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/23991306?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 hi there welcome to a Q&A edition of
00:00:03 --> 00:00:05 Space Nuts I'm Andrew Dunley your host
00:00:06 --> 00:00:07 and coming up today we'll be answering
00:00:07 --> 00:00:10 audience questions for change uh we're
00:00:10 --> 00:00:12 going to look we're going to look at
00:00:12 --> 00:00:15 lava tubes on the Moon and what sort of
00:00:15 --> 00:00:19 problems they might cause for uh future
00:00:19 --> 00:00:20 trips to the moon and traveling around
00:00:20 --> 00:00:23 on the surface uh we're going to oh look
00:00:23 --> 00:00:26 a black hole question okay this one's a
00:00:26 --> 00:00:27 little bit different though we'll we'll
00:00:28 --> 00:00:30 see what Jake has to say gravitational
00:00:30 --> 00:00:33 waves has come up in we haven't had a
00:00:33 --> 00:00:35 question about gravitational waves in a
00:00:35 --> 00:00:37 little while and that's no joke uh we
00:00:37 --> 00:00:40 got a whole raft of them there for for
00:00:40 --> 00:00:41 some time and then they've kind of
00:00:41 --> 00:00:45 vanished but they're back and a whatif
00:00:45 --> 00:00:48 question from NY and UK uh about an
00:00:48 --> 00:00:50 instantaneous trip to anywhere we want
00:00:50 --> 00:00:52 to go in the universe where would we go
00:00:52 --> 00:00:54 what would we do if we had one minute
00:00:55 --> 00:00:58 one minute to go somewhere so that's
00:00:58 --> 00:00:59 what we're talking about today on this
00:01:00 --> 00:01:03 Q&A edition of Space Nuts 15 seconds
00:01:03 --> 00:01:08 guidance is internal 10 9 ignition
00:01:08 --> 00:01:13 sequence start Space Nuts 5 4 3 2 1 2 3
00:01:13 --> 00:01:17 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 Space Nuts as report it
00:01:17 --> 00:01:20 feels good and he's back for more it is
00:01:20 --> 00:01:23 Professor Fred Watson astronomer at
00:01:23 --> 00:01:26 large hello Fred hi Andrew how are you
00:01:26 --> 00:01:28 doing I'm good you you do retain that
00:01:29 --> 00:01:31 title even though you sort of moved into
00:01:31 --> 00:01:32 a different different sphere of your
00:01:32 --> 00:01:34 career you keeping that title have we
00:01:34 --> 00:01:40 decided uh yes yes uh I I mean so you
00:01:40 --> 00:01:43 could modify it by saying I am
00:01:43 --> 00:01:46 Australia's first astronomer at large uh
00:01:46 --> 00:01:49 because that makes it more specific but
00:01:49 --> 00:01:51 I do know that there isn't going to be
00:01:51 --> 00:01:54 another one so it's
00:01:54 --> 00:01:56 probably it's probably a bit redundant
00:01:56 --> 00:01:58 uh so look at the moment I'm calling
00:01:58 --> 00:02:00 myself anything I like strong on the
00:02:00 --> 00:02:02 loose is the favorite
00:02:02 --> 00:02:05 one it's funny I was talking in the last
00:02:05 --> 00:02:07 episode about how we've become a bit
00:02:07 --> 00:02:10 symbiotic in um in some of the things we
00:02:10 --> 00:02:13 talk about and highlight um it's funny
00:02:13 --> 00:02:16 you are the only Australian astronomer
00:02:16 --> 00:02:18 at large in my radio career with the
00:02:18 --> 00:02:20 Australian Broadcasting Corporation at
00:02:20 --> 00:02:22 this point in time and it probably won't
00:02:22 --> 00:02:25 change I was the only ever Regional
00:02:25 --> 00:02:29 program manager for ABC West at L
00:02:29 --> 00:02:31 they've never had one when I left they
00:02:31 --> 00:02:33 didn't yeah the job didn't exist anymore
00:02:33 --> 00:02:35 see we yeah we're we're Irreplaceable
00:02:35 --> 00:02:37 that's the bottom and there wasn't one
00:02:37 --> 00:02:41 before me because when I started at the
00:02:41 --> 00:02:42 station it was an outpost and we got it
00:02:42 --> 00:02:45 upgraded to a full Regional and that
00:02:45 --> 00:02:47 required a regional program manager and
00:02:47 --> 00:02:50 that was me and then when I left they CH
00:02:50 --> 00:02:53 they completely tipped over the apple
00:02:53 --> 00:02:55 cart and the job doesn't exist anymore
00:02:55 --> 00:02:57 so we both have one and only positions
00:02:57 --> 00:03:00 in the history of our careers be right
00:03:00 --> 00:03:02 that's right I think what it suggests is
00:03:02 --> 00:03:05 that um people thought oh we'll try
00:03:05 --> 00:03:08 putting somebody with that title in post
00:03:08 --> 00:03:09 then afterwards no no that didn't work
00:03:09 --> 00:03:12 that's actually I can also tell you that
00:03:12 --> 00:03:14 happened to me at the Salvation Army I
00:03:14 --> 00:03:17 was installed as a um fundraising
00:03:17 --> 00:03:18 Communications
00:03:18 --> 00:03:21 manager um and when I left they didn't
00:03:21 --> 00:03:23 replace me but it was a a newly created
00:03:23 --> 00:03:25 position and then I was the only one
00:03:25 --> 00:03:29 that ever did it so that's to be twice
00:03:29 --> 00:03:30 you didn't raise enough funds to support
00:03:30 --> 00:03:33 another one that's probably why I you
00:03:33 --> 00:03:36 know you might be right yeah you might
00:03:36 --> 00:03:39 be right um marvelous organization
00:03:39 --> 00:03:42 though uh shall we tackle some questions
00:03:42 --> 00:03:46 fed I think so I think we that let's uh
00:03:46 --> 00:03:48 get on with it our first question comes
00:03:48 --> 00:03:53 from a semi-regular sender iner named
00:03:53 --> 00:03:56 mky hey Fred and Andrew this is Mikey
00:03:56 --> 00:03:58 from LEL Illinois um I just was
00:03:58 --> 00:04:03 pondering here about the the new tunnels
00:04:03 --> 00:04:05 and the collapsed in tunel and craters
00:04:05 --> 00:04:08 that they found on the moon um got me
00:04:08 --> 00:04:10 thinking to the astronauts that are
00:04:10 --> 00:04:13 going to be traversing the moon soon and
00:04:13 --> 00:04:15 do you think that NASA has taken into
00:04:15 --> 00:04:17 consideration things like that I mean us
00:04:17 --> 00:04:20 to say that crap forbid the astronauts
00:04:20 --> 00:04:22 aren't cruising over the moon and the
00:04:22 --> 00:04:23 ground collapses from beneath them and
00:04:23 --> 00:04:27 they fall into one of those caves those
00:04:27 --> 00:04:29 old lava tubes that are you know we
00:04:29 --> 00:04:30 don't know how deep
00:04:30 --> 00:04:32 um just curious what you guys' thoughts
00:04:32 --> 00:04:35 are on these and uh I appreciate you
00:04:35 --> 00:04:37 guys very much thanks for the show love
00:04:37 --> 00:04:39 it I'm trying to get my one-year-old
00:04:39 --> 00:04:41 into it he's not he's not really paying
00:04:41 --> 00:04:42 attention to it but I think next year
00:04:42 --> 00:04:45 we'll have better luck bye guys thanks
00:04:45 --> 00:04:46 Mar it sounds like he's working on his
00:04:46 --> 00:04:49 physics though
00:04:49 --> 00:04:52 does I love the sound of that that's
00:04:52 --> 00:04:55 great or Mikey was asking the question
00:04:55 --> 00:04:57 while tightening up the head gasket on
00:04:57 --> 00:04:59 his um his old Mustang that could have
00:04:59 --> 00:05:01 been too could
00:05:01 --> 00:05:04 be um yeah that's a good question
00:05:04 --> 00:05:06 because you know ultimately people will
00:05:06 --> 00:05:09 be residing on the moon in one way or
00:05:09 --> 00:05:12 another and they will be traveling and
00:05:12 --> 00:05:14 you know the last thing you want is to
00:05:14 --> 00:05:16 take your Rover out and get bogged in a
00:05:16 --> 00:05:18 lava
00:05:18 --> 00:05:20 tube yeah it would be it it would be a
00:05:21 --> 00:05:22 sinkhole basically wouldn't it you'd be
00:05:22 --> 00:05:23 driving it would something the ground
00:05:23 --> 00:05:25 opens up and it's happened quite a few
00:05:25 --> 00:05:27 times in Sydney recently I don't know
00:05:27 --> 00:05:28 whether you've seen that in the news but
00:05:28 --> 00:05:30 we' I have with various tunnels that
00:05:30 --> 00:05:33 have been being dug for transport uh not
00:05:33 --> 00:05:35 very far beneath the surface and quite a
00:05:35 --> 00:05:38 few of them basically they've opened up
00:05:38 --> 00:05:40 uh nobody's been injured or lost their
00:05:40 --> 00:05:41 life but a lot of people have been
00:05:41 --> 00:05:43 astounded to suddenly see a hole opening
00:05:43 --> 00:05:47 up uh in the in the landscape so it is
00:05:47 --> 00:05:49 possible and Mike is absolutely right
00:05:49 --> 00:05:53 there are lava tubes on bars I think uh
00:05:53 --> 00:05:54 and this is coming from a position of
00:05:54 --> 00:05:58 moderate ignorance uh Lava Tubes tend to
00:05:58 --> 00:06:03 be where you've got uh very fluid lava
00:06:03 --> 00:06:04 uh
00:06:04 --> 00:06:08 formations um like we find them commonly
00:06:08 --> 00:06:11 on the island on islands like Hawaii uh
00:06:11 --> 00:06:13 where that's is a fairly liquid form of
00:06:13 --> 00:06:16 lava that you've got emanating from the
00:06:16 --> 00:06:19 hot spot underneath um I've G through
00:06:19 --> 00:06:22 one yes yes I have too uh a number of
00:06:22 --> 00:06:24 them in Hawaii it was quite a modern one
00:06:24 --> 00:06:27 it had electric
00:06:27 --> 00:06:29 light that's very good fa thought full
00:06:29 --> 00:06:32 of tectonic processes to put that in uh
00:06:32 --> 00:06:34 but I think I can't remember whether the
00:06:34 --> 00:06:36 one it was a few years ago since we
00:06:36 --> 00:06:38 walked through one but we certainly have
00:06:38 --> 00:06:40 done it uh so uh you tend to associate
00:06:40 --> 00:06:44 them with with lava Plaines and that
00:06:44 --> 00:06:45 would suggest to me that they're likely
00:06:45 --> 00:06:49 to be more common in the areas on Mars
00:06:50 --> 00:06:52 which were visited by the Apollo
00:06:52 --> 00:06:54 Astronauts most of which were lava
00:06:54 --> 00:06:56 Plaines there was a couple of Highland
00:06:56 --> 00:06:58 areas that were visited but we're now
00:06:58 --> 00:07:02 going with timus project to the southern
00:07:02 --> 00:07:04 excuse me the southern polar region
00:07:04 --> 00:07:06 which is much more mountainous it's a
00:07:06 --> 00:07:09 much more ancient landscape um there
00:07:09 --> 00:07:11 will be lava flows there but nothing
00:07:11 --> 00:07:14 like what you see in the in the
00:07:14 --> 00:07:17 equatorial regions of Mars sorry of the
00:07:17 --> 00:07:20 Moon get your planet right Fred or get
00:07:20 --> 00:07:24 your your object right uh so it's um uh
00:07:24 --> 00:07:27 I I suspect there might not be as many
00:07:27 --> 00:07:29 and the risk might not be as high from
00:07:29 --> 00:07:32 Lava Tubes uh near the the poles of moon
00:07:32 --> 00:07:35 poles of the Moon as they are uh in the
00:07:35 --> 00:07:37 equatorial regions but I think it's a
00:07:37 --> 00:07:40 nonzero risk though I think there is
00:07:40 --> 00:07:42 risk attached to it there's always risk
00:07:42 --> 00:07:44 when you go and explore somewhere as
00:07:44 --> 00:07:46 alien as the Moon is U we might find all
00:07:46 --> 00:07:49 sorts of things opening up we could even
00:07:49 --> 00:07:52 find something unexpected like you know
00:07:52 --> 00:07:54 there were many robotic spacecraft were
00:07:54 --> 00:07:57 sent to the Moon before the Apollo uh
00:07:57 --> 00:07:59 Landings just to make sure that um you
00:07:59 --> 00:08:01 know if you landed a spacecraft on the
00:08:01 --> 00:08:02 moon it wouldn't just sink into the into
00:08:02 --> 00:08:04 the soil because that was always a
00:08:04 --> 00:08:06 possibility yeah that they'd be like
00:08:06 --> 00:08:08 quicksand um but it was very quickly
00:08:08 --> 00:08:11 shown not to be now who knows whether
00:08:11 --> 00:08:14 that's the same all over the moon um
00:08:14 --> 00:08:16 maybe if you've got icy material which
00:08:16 --> 00:08:18 is what we're looking for near the
00:08:18 --> 00:08:21 moon's Southern polar region maybe the
00:08:21 --> 00:08:23 the surface will be a lot less stable
00:08:23 --> 00:08:26 than in than it is uh Elsewhere on the
00:08:26 --> 00:08:27 other hand the risk of lava tubes
00:08:27 --> 00:08:29 opening up underneath you might be might
00:08:29 --> 00:08:30 be
00:08:30 --> 00:08:33 lower yeah uh would there be a way of
00:08:33 --> 00:08:35 testing that before you went on a little
00:08:35 --> 00:08:38 sojourn across the the surface of the
00:08:38 --> 00:08:40 the moon you know looking for a
00:08:40 --> 00:08:43 McDonald's or something yeah you take
00:08:43 --> 00:08:45 your if they're looking for that they
00:08:45 --> 00:08:48 might have a long wait but what you do
00:08:48 --> 00:08:50 is you probably not as long as you think
00:08:50 --> 00:08:51 no maybe not no that's right that's a
00:08:52 --> 00:08:55 good point uh take your um take your
00:08:55 --> 00:08:58 ground penetrating radar device with you
00:08:58 --> 00:08:59 and you might find that there is
00:08:59 --> 00:09:01 something underneath that you want to
00:09:01 --> 00:09:04 avoid uh penetrating radio technology
00:09:04 --> 00:09:06 yes that's right it's it's pretty uh
00:09:06 --> 00:09:08 pretty neat these days and it I don't
00:09:08 --> 00:09:09 know that it's the sort of thing that
00:09:09 --> 00:09:11 you could carry on your back but it's
00:09:11 --> 00:09:13 kind of getting that way I think yeah
00:09:13 --> 00:09:16 yeah that's it it's uh it's exciting
00:09:16 --> 00:09:18 that we're we're starting to reach a
00:09:18 --> 00:09:20 point where people will be back on the
00:09:20 --> 00:09:24 moon uh but yeah we we we kind of take
00:09:24 --> 00:09:26 it for granted because we grew up and a
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 lot of us grew up through the the polo
00:09:28 --> 00:09:31 era and been there before technically
00:09:31 --> 00:09:34 speaking um but you've got to consider
00:09:34 --> 00:09:37 that it is a high-risk Venture it is a
00:09:37 --> 00:09:39 very dangerous thing to do because it's
00:09:40 --> 00:09:41 not our environment there is no
00:09:41 --> 00:09:45 environment it's just it's a Barren
00:09:45 --> 00:09:48 lifeless void uh and you you're putting
00:09:48 --> 00:09:50 human beings in it and all they've got
00:09:50 --> 00:09:52 between them is millimeters of space
00:09:52 --> 00:09:56 suit and that's scary pretty scary
00:09:56 --> 00:10:00 stuff uh but Mikey you your concerns are
00:10:00 --> 00:10:03 valid thanks for your question uh we
00:10:03 --> 00:10:06 have a text question now from Jake who
00:10:06 --> 00:10:08 is also a resident of the
00:10:08 --> 00:10:12 USA hello from the USA so I told you um
00:10:13 --> 00:10:16 and can I just say I love the show well
00:10:16 --> 00:10:18 finally after all these years
00:10:18 --> 00:10:23 FR we found one um I've been I've enjoy
00:10:23 --> 00:10:25 enjoying it for a few months and can't
00:10:25 --> 00:10:28 wait for more uh I've got a question
00:10:28 --> 00:10:30 about black holes suppose you were
00:10:30 --> 00:10:33 inside a black hole and managed to shoot
00:10:33 --> 00:10:36 a laser perfectly straight away from the
00:10:36 --> 00:10:38 singularity as I understand it light
00:10:38 --> 00:10:41 emitted from inside a black hole would
00:10:41 --> 00:10:43 normally curve around the singularity
00:10:43 --> 00:10:46 but if the light beam was shooting
00:10:46 --> 00:10:47 directly
00:10:47 --> 00:10:49 upwards uh which direction would it
00:10:49 --> 00:10:52 curve would it slow down and eventually
00:10:52 --> 00:10:55 reverse Direction sorry if uh that made
00:10:55 --> 00:10:57 no sense and keep up the good work uh
00:10:57 --> 00:11:00 thanks Jake um yeah look couple of
00:11:00 --> 00:11:03 problems with that concept black holes
00:11:03 --> 00:11:05 don't like to release
00:11:05 --> 00:11:08 light um and they do like to bend things
00:11:08 --> 00:11:11 up a bit so um yeah and getting inside
00:11:11 --> 00:11:13 one not a good
00:11:13 --> 00:11:17 idea um it's interesting the uh the
00:11:17 --> 00:11:19 event that I talked about in the last
00:11:19 --> 00:11:21 episode that man and I were
00:11:21 --> 00:11:24 participating in down at Sea Lake the uh
00:11:24 --> 00:11:25 uh the Astronomical Society of
00:11:25 --> 00:11:28 Victoria's annual astrofest um we had a
00:11:28 --> 00:11:31 panel discussion and uh one of the
00:11:31 --> 00:11:34 panelists apart from Mary and myself
00:11:34 --> 00:11:36 three others but one of them was a black
00:11:36 --> 00:11:38 hole specialist uh and one of the
00:11:38 --> 00:11:40 questions that was posed by the audience
00:11:40 --> 00:11:43 was what's it like inside a black hole
00:11:43 --> 00:11:45 and this black hole specialist said I
00:11:45 --> 00:11:47 don't
00:11:47 --> 00:11:49 know and
00:11:49 --> 00:11:53 that's it's a singularity uh and with no
00:11:53 --> 00:11:55 concept of how a singularity might work
00:11:55 --> 00:11:59 how uh you know just just just what it
00:11:59 --> 00:12:02 what it what it what it means to have a
00:12:02 --> 00:12:04 single point in space with infinite
00:12:04 --> 00:12:06 density uh but doing a thought
00:12:06 --> 00:12:08 experiment for Jake I think he's right
00:12:08 --> 00:12:10 actually I think you know you're you've
00:12:11 --> 00:12:12 got you're back to the singularity
00:12:12 --> 00:12:13 you're right next to it you're in the
00:12:13 --> 00:12:15 process of being spaghettified so you're
00:12:15 --> 00:12:17 probably not taking that much notice but
00:12:17 --> 00:12:19 you happen to have a laser with you
00:12:19 --> 00:12:20 which should point away directly away
00:12:20 --> 00:12:23 from the from the singularity and yes
00:12:23 --> 00:12:25 the light just comes back uh it doesn't
00:12:25 --> 00:12:28 get out it's it basically just stops in
00:12:28 --> 00:12:29 its tracks
00:12:29 --> 00:12:33 um he's absolutely right as well that
00:12:33 --> 00:12:36 light you know would would we know light
00:12:36 --> 00:12:38 does curve around a black hole and we've
00:12:38 --> 00:12:40 we've seen that with the Event Horizon
00:12:40 --> 00:12:42 images we see light from the back of the
00:12:42 --> 00:12:44 Black Hole uh coming out the front and
00:12:44 --> 00:12:46 it's just because the curvature space is
00:12:46 --> 00:12:50 so intense that light has a a very small
00:12:50 --> 00:12:52 bending radius uh and so but if you
00:12:53 --> 00:12:54 pointed directly away from the black
00:12:54 --> 00:12:59 hole um yes it would it would come back
00:12:59 --> 00:13:04 on itself ah okay wow the actually let
00:13:04 --> 00:13:06 me let me just qualify that let me
00:13:06 --> 00:13:08 qualify because I need to think a little
00:13:09 --> 00:13:11 bit more carefully um it it that's if it
00:13:11 --> 00:13:14 was a stationary black hole or a
00:13:14 --> 00:13:15 non-rotating black hole now we think
00:13:15 --> 00:13:17 most black holes are not non-rotating
00:13:17 --> 00:13:19 black holes we think they rotate and
00:13:20 --> 00:13:21 we've had this discussion before how can
00:13:21 --> 00:13:24 a point in space rotate and yeah about
00:13:24 --> 00:13:26 what we call the spin or the angular
00:13:26 --> 00:13:28 momentum that it carries with it from
00:13:28 --> 00:13:30 when it was collapsing as as a star um
00:13:30 --> 00:13:31 so I suspect the answer might be
00:13:32 --> 00:13:33 different with a rotating black hole if
00:13:33 --> 00:13:35 you point it outwards there might be
00:13:35 --> 00:13:37 there's this thing called frame dragging
00:13:37 --> 00:13:40 uh which um a massive body drags
00:13:40 --> 00:13:42 SpaceTime as it rotates we know that the
00:13:42 --> 00:13:44 Earth actually does that frame dragging
00:13:44 --> 00:13:46 has been demonstrated to be the case
00:13:46 --> 00:13:48 with the Earth it drags SpaceTime along
00:13:48 --> 00:13:51 with it just a little bit uh so I I
00:13:51 --> 00:13:53 suspect that would change the curvature
00:13:53 --> 00:13:55 of the of the laser beam so I I'm
00:13:56 --> 00:13:59 qualifying it um maybe if you if you
00:13:59 --> 00:14:00 stood at the North Pole of the Black
00:14:00 --> 00:14:03 Hole uh pointed it upwards there the
00:14:03 --> 00:14:04 light will just come straight back to
00:14:04 --> 00:14:07 you because there' be no rotation okay
00:14:07 --> 00:14:10 fascinating thank you Jake I mean
00:14:10 --> 00:14:11 sometimes people ask questions that you
00:14:11 --> 00:14:14 wouldn't think of and we get some
00:14:14 --> 00:14:17 interesting results so um and thanks for
00:14:17 --> 00:14:20 listening Jake welcome aboard don't
00:14:20 --> 00:14:22 forget to U have a look at our social
00:14:22 --> 00:14:24 media platform space Nets podcast group
00:14:24 --> 00:14:27 on Facebook is uh always a good place to
00:14:27 --> 00:14:31 to meet other uh other space nut nuts
00:14:32 --> 00:14:34 listeners and I pop them a head in there
00:14:34 --> 00:14:37 occasionally too um this is Space Nuts
00:14:37 --> 00:14:42 Andrew Dunley here with Professor Fred
00:14:42 --> 00:14:45 Watson let's take a quick break uh right
00:14:45 --> 00:14:48 now to tell you about our sponsor s now
00:14:48 --> 00:14:50 if you travel overseas or just to a
00:14:50 --> 00:14:52 neighboring country and you need mobile
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00:15:24 --> 00:15:27 no hassle uh the best thing about an eim
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00:16:26 --> 00:16:29 now back to the show
00:16:29 --> 00:16:32 you're here also Space Nuts uh yes
00:16:32 --> 00:16:34 indeed uh our next question is an audio
00:16:34 --> 00:16:36 question it uh comes from believe it or
00:16:36 --> 00:16:39 not the United States of America again
00:16:39 --> 00:16:41 um this is Jose now I've got a feeling
00:16:41 --> 00:16:44 we've heard from Jose before it would be
00:16:44 --> 00:16:46 too much of a coincidence to have two
00:16:46 --> 00:16:49 Jose listening to our
00:16:49 --> 00:16:53 podcast maybe not okay here we go hello
00:16:53 --> 00:16:57 space snuts this do over in California
00:16:57 --> 00:17:00 in the United States
00:17:00 --> 00:17:01 and uh I was listening to one of your
00:17:01 --> 00:17:05 recent episodes talking about uh
00:17:05 --> 00:17:09 gravitational waves and from my
00:17:09 --> 00:17:12 understanding when two black holes merge
00:17:12 --> 00:17:14 they make a gravitational wave and it
00:17:14 --> 00:17:17 pretty much expand in all directions
00:17:17 --> 00:17:22 like a sphere so that got me thinking um
00:17:22 --> 00:17:25 it's moving away from us and it's also
00:17:25 --> 00:17:28 coming towards us so
00:17:29 --> 00:17:31 say from the point of view of Earth if
00:17:31 --> 00:17:35 we're looking out to say another galaxy
00:17:35 --> 00:17:39 or another uh solar system or something
00:17:39 --> 00:17:43 like that uh wouldn't the gravitational
00:17:43 --> 00:17:46 waves uh well because from my
00:17:47 --> 00:17:48 understanding they happen you know a lot
00:17:48 --> 00:17:51 they happen almost uh you know every day
00:17:51 --> 00:17:54 or every hour what have you but if we're
00:17:54 --> 00:17:56 looking out from the point of view of
00:17:56 --> 00:17:59 Earth and these gravit ational waves are
00:17:59 --> 00:18:01 coming towards us and they're coming and
00:18:01 --> 00:18:04 they're going away from us what did that
00:18:04 --> 00:18:07 distort the view of our
00:18:07 --> 00:18:11 telescopes and wouldn't that uh have
00:18:11 --> 00:18:13 something to do with like
00:18:13 --> 00:18:15 the
00:18:15 --> 00:18:19 uh the phenomena where you look into
00:18:19 --> 00:18:22 look at a Galaxy and it like looks like
00:18:22 --> 00:18:24 a mirror uh forgot what that phenomenon
00:18:24 --> 00:18:26 is called but wouldn't that have some
00:18:26 --> 00:18:29 effect to that and then
00:18:29 --> 00:18:32 uh not really sure if I asked that
00:18:32 --> 00:18:34 question correctly but hope you know
00:18:34 --> 00:18:37 what I mean but also uh second
00:18:38 --> 00:18:41 question uh would the gravitational
00:18:41 --> 00:18:43 waves
00:18:43 --> 00:18:46 also uh help explain the expansion of
00:18:46 --> 00:18:51 the the universe CU if the gravitational
00:18:51 --> 00:18:55 waves are expanding space itself
00:18:55 --> 00:18:58 wouldn't that mean if multiple
00:18:59 --> 00:19:01 gravitational waves were happening at
00:19:01 --> 00:19:05 once or just happening in
00:19:05 --> 00:19:08 general would be expanding spat itself
00:19:08 --> 00:19:11 and isn't that what space is doing isn't
00:19:11 --> 00:19:13 it expanding
00:19:13 --> 00:19:16 so oh you guys understand both my
00:19:16 --> 00:19:18 question I know they're kind of asked
00:19:18 --> 00:19:21 kind of we uh but hope you guys can
00:19:21 --> 00:19:24 answer it I love you guys podcast keep
00:19:24 --> 00:19:29 going and uh thank you thanks Jose yeah
00:19:29 --> 00:19:30 a lot of information crammed into that
00:19:30 --> 00:19:34 question Fred into Parts uh so the
00:19:34 --> 00:19:37 comings and goings of gravitational
00:19:37 --> 00:19:39 waves I suppose the first thing that
00:19:39 --> 00:19:40 popped up in the question that I
00:19:40 --> 00:19:44 wondered is uh do gravit gravitational
00:19:44 --> 00:19:49 waves travel as a sphere expanding
00:19:49 --> 00:19:53 sphere yes okay they do yeah yeah to so
00:19:53 --> 00:19:55 no that they're great questions actually
00:19:55 --> 00:19:57 and um you know I see where how your
00:19:57 --> 00:19:59 thinking is going Jose
00:19:59 --> 00:20:00 [Music]
00:20:00 --> 00:20:04 um uh so you're right uh gravitational
00:20:04 --> 00:20:05 waves would expand out in the sphere we
00:20:05 --> 00:20:09 tend to visualize them in you know in
00:20:09 --> 00:20:13 two Dimensions rather than three because
00:20:13 --> 00:20:16 uh we can't imagine vibrations in a
00:20:16 --> 00:20:20 sphere well I suppose we can but
00:20:20 --> 00:20:25 um it's like uh I suppose an analog is
00:20:25 --> 00:20:28 somebody standing in a padic and yelling
00:20:28 --> 00:20:32 uh then the sound will form a spherical
00:20:32 --> 00:20:34 shell around that person as they make
00:20:34 --> 00:20:38 their noise or whatever they do um so so
00:20:38 --> 00:20:40 that's that's fine uh that's the
00:20:40 --> 00:20:44 spherical nature of them uh however um
00:20:44 --> 00:20:46 and I think the process that um that
00:20:46 --> 00:20:47 Jose is thinking of is gravitational
00:20:47 --> 00:20:50 lensing uh yeah he's saying don't
00:20:50 --> 00:20:52 gravitational waves distort that process
00:20:52 --> 00:20:55 that where where we've got Sol large
00:20:55 --> 00:20:58 masses in the universe usually clusters
00:20:58 --> 00:21:00 of galaxies which distort the images of
00:21:00 --> 00:21:04 of objects behind um and the answer is
00:21:04 --> 00:21:07 no and it's because the gravitational
00:21:07 --> 00:21:11 waves are waves they're not a sort of
00:21:11 --> 00:21:13 outward pressure uh that what they're
00:21:13 --> 00:21:17 doing is you know they've got crests and
00:21:17 --> 00:21:21 troughs um as as a wave on you know if
00:21:21 --> 00:21:24 you throw brick into a pond yet these
00:21:24 --> 00:21:26 ripples coming out which have got crests
00:21:26 --> 00:21:29 and troughs but they don't
00:21:29 --> 00:21:32 uh the the the waves uh you know Will
00:21:32 --> 00:21:35 Travel outwards but the bulk of the
00:21:35 --> 00:21:38 water isn't traveling outwards that's
00:21:38 --> 00:21:40 just staying there while the wave
00:21:40 --> 00:21:42 travels over it and that's perhaps a
00:21:42 --> 00:21:44 reasonable analog for what gravitational
00:21:44 --> 00:21:46 waves are like they're not they're not
00:21:46 --> 00:21:50 moving SpaceTime itself uh they are
00:21:50 --> 00:21:52 passing through SpaceTime with these
00:21:52 --> 00:21:53 vibrations essentially which is what
00:21:53 --> 00:21:56 they are vibrations at any one point
00:21:56 --> 00:21:59 like a like a shock wave yes that that's
00:21:59 --> 00:22:03 right yeah kind of mild shock wave might
00:22:03 --> 00:22:07 be the way to think of it uh so um so
00:22:07 --> 00:22:11 they don't affect the overall picture of
00:22:11 --> 00:22:15 our um you know the the for example
00:22:15 --> 00:22:18 gravitational lensing they don't change
00:22:18 --> 00:22:21 how that works uh space is is sort of
00:22:21 --> 00:22:24 quietly vibrating there in between uh
00:22:24 --> 00:22:27 the the cluster of galaxies and the and
00:22:27 --> 00:22:28 the the background cluster that's being
00:22:28 --> 00:22:31 lensed that's all that that is all you
00:22:31 --> 00:22:35 can think of the universe as as being a
00:22:35 --> 00:22:38 a relaxed sort of CA of SpaceTime uh but
00:22:38 --> 00:22:40 yes it's got ripples moving through it
00:22:40 --> 00:22:41 which are the ripples caused by
00:22:41 --> 00:22:43 gravitational waves but they don't
00:22:43 --> 00:22:45 affect the bulk motion of the SpaceTime
00:22:45 --> 00:22:48 or the or the gravitational lensing and
00:22:48 --> 00:22:50 likewise that's why it's not
00:22:50 --> 00:22:52 gravitational waves that are that are
00:22:52 --> 00:22:54 actually contributing to the expanding
00:22:54 --> 00:22:57 Universe the universe is the SpaceTime
00:22:57 --> 00:22:59 itself is expanding already
00:22:59 --> 00:23:03 from whatever the Big Bang was and uh
00:23:03 --> 00:23:05 gravitational waves are just vibrations
00:23:05 --> 00:23:07 moving through that at the speed of life
00:23:07 --> 00:23:09 as we've talked about before so the good
00:23:09 --> 00:23:12 questions and I understand why he's uh
00:23:12 --> 00:23:14 you know why it's a a line of thought
00:23:14 --> 00:23:16 that Jose's taken but I think we're
00:23:16 --> 00:23:18 we're pretty relaxed about the fact that
00:23:18 --> 00:23:20 gravitational waves are superimposed on
00:23:20 --> 00:23:23 top of on top of the um on top of the
00:23:23 --> 00:23:25 expansion of the universe interestingly
00:23:25 --> 00:23:27 um the same guy who was asked the
00:23:27 --> 00:23:29 question about
00:23:29 --> 00:23:31 um what's it like inside a black hole
00:23:31 --> 00:23:33 was also asked about gravitational Wes
00:23:33 --> 00:23:34 because that's one of his specialities
00:23:34 --> 00:23:37 he's working on the successes to ligo
00:23:37 --> 00:23:39 the large interferometric gravitational
00:23:39 --> 00:23:41 wave Observatory so interested person to
00:23:41 --> 00:23:45 talk to yeah indeed okay uh there you
00:23:45 --> 00:23:48 are Jose um think we pretty well covered
00:23:48 --> 00:23:51 your question uh and thanks for your
00:23:51 --> 00:23:54 support as
00:23:54 --> 00:23:59 well 3 2 1 space
00:23:59 --> 00:24:02 nuts uh one final question in this
00:24:02 --> 00:24:06 episode Fred comes from Nile uh in fact
00:24:06 --> 00:24:08 there's there's a lot to this uh so I'll
00:24:08 --> 00:24:11 just sort of get into it uh Nile is from
00:24:11 --> 00:24:15 northamptonshire in the UK um he's
00:24:15 --> 00:24:18 describing the place as very
00:24:18 --> 00:24:19 soggy um it might have some
00:24:20 --> 00:24:22 gravitational waves if that's the case
00:24:22 --> 00:24:24 um first of all he says congratulations
00:24:24 --> 00:24:26 lucky you are about to be given a once-
00:24:26 --> 00:24:28 in a-lifetime opportunity to travel to
00:24:28 --> 00:24:30 any location in the known universe in a
00:24:30 --> 00:24:34 special space warping in instat travel
00:24:34 --> 00:24:36 pod I nearly got there uh that will
00:24:36 --> 00:24:39 bring you to that location instantly
00:24:39 --> 00:24:41 where it will stay for one minute Fred
00:24:41 --> 00:24:44 after one minute it's safety mechanism
00:24:44 --> 00:24:46 kicks in and it insta warps you to the
00:24:46 --> 00:24:48 nearest coffee shop that's all it
00:24:48 --> 00:24:51 guarantees OB obviously you might be
00:24:51 --> 00:24:53 anxious about the location of the coffee
00:24:53 --> 00:24:55 shop but no further information is
00:24:55 --> 00:24:59 available questions so either of you
00:24:59 --> 00:25:01 taking that risk stepping into the Pod
00:25:01 --> 00:25:03 to travel to somewhere
00:25:03 --> 00:25:07 remarkable uh its door closes behind you
00:25:07 --> 00:25:08 now it's a short-term unexpected
00:25:08 --> 00:25:11 opportunity with the most Precision you
00:25:11 --> 00:25:14 can provide the audio navigation system
00:25:14 --> 00:25:17 which can process about one a minute of
00:25:17 --> 00:25:19 dialogue where would you ask it to go
00:25:20 --> 00:25:23 remember it departs in one minute uh
00:25:23 --> 00:25:25 necessary design features what would be
00:25:25 --> 00:25:27 the essential attributes you would like
00:25:27 --> 00:25:31 to think the insta warp pod has although
00:25:31 --> 00:25:33 it's a leop of Faith as you have to step
00:25:33 --> 00:25:35 into it without specific confirmation of
00:25:36 --> 00:25:39 these albe it the Pod is legendary and
00:25:39 --> 00:25:42 known to work for example thermal
00:25:42 --> 00:25:44 protection I hope you enjoy your trip
00:25:44 --> 00:25:45 version two of the Pod will probably
00:25:45 --> 00:25:47 have
00:25:47 --> 00:25:49 Windows put a lot of thought into that
00:25:49 --> 00:25:53 I've got to give him credit n thank you
00:25:53 --> 00:25:55 uh so we've we've got this mechanism
00:25:55 --> 00:25:58 that can take us anywhere we want to go
00:25:58 --> 00:26:02 uh we have one minute to verbally upload
00:26:02 --> 00:26:05 our requirements then it will take us
00:26:05 --> 00:26:07 there for one minute and then take us
00:26:07 --> 00:26:09 back to a coffee shop that's I think
00:26:09 --> 00:26:13 what the general gist is
00:26:13 --> 00:26:16 instantaneously so let's um where do you
00:26:16 --> 00:26:21 go let's go what do you tell it and so
00:26:21 --> 00:26:24 on let's go to the important bit first
00:26:24 --> 00:26:26 um the only coffee shops I know that are
00:26:26 --> 00:26:28 near northamptonshire
00:26:28 --> 00:26:31 uh in um Newport pagal where my brother
00:26:31 --> 00:26:33 used to live and they're not bad
00:26:33 --> 00:26:36 actually it's uh it's within uh it's
00:26:36 --> 00:26:38 it's right next door is Newport pagal to
00:26:38 --> 00:26:41 Northampton CH where where Neil is so
00:26:41 --> 00:26:43 coffee is probably not bad so that kind
00:26:43 --> 00:26:46 of gives you some encouragement to make
00:26:46 --> 00:26:47 this trip if you're going to get a nice
00:26:47 --> 00:26:49 coffee at the end of it however I did
00:26:49 --> 00:26:52 lose interest a bit when he suggested
00:26:52 --> 00:26:54 that this insta pod doesn't actually
00:26:54 --> 00:26:56 have any Windows yeah that kind of
00:26:56 --> 00:26:58 flawed me too I was was a bit
00:26:58 --> 00:27:00 disappointed that's why I want to go
00:27:00 --> 00:27:03 where I want to go to interestingly uh
00:27:03 --> 00:27:06 Andrew uh this was another question not
00:27:06 --> 00:27:08 couched in quite so much detail but it
00:27:08 --> 00:27:10 was another of the questions the panel
00:27:10 --> 00:27:14 got uh night before last in our Q Q&A uh
00:27:14 --> 00:27:16 at the Sea Lake astrofest for the
00:27:16 --> 00:27:19 Astronomical Society of Victoria um we
00:27:19 --> 00:27:21 were asked where we would like to go in
00:27:21 --> 00:27:25 the universe uh just basically why we
00:27:25 --> 00:27:27 pick that and quite a few of the
00:27:27 --> 00:27:28 panelists
00:27:28 --> 00:27:31 were uh wanting to be in the environment
00:27:31 --> 00:27:33 of black holes to find out what really
00:27:33 --> 00:27:36 goes on in a black hole particularly The
00:27:36 --> 00:27:39 Specialist to was the one who basically
00:27:39 --> 00:27:40 said he didn't know what it was like
00:27:40 --> 00:27:42 inside a black hole because nobody does
00:27:42 --> 00:27:45 um so that was interesting but mine is
00:27:45 --> 00:27:48 slightly different uh and and it's
00:27:48 --> 00:27:50 somewhere I've always wanted to go so I
00:27:50 --> 00:27:52 don't need a minute to make my mind up I
00:27:52 --> 00:27:54 might need the rest of that minute
00:27:54 --> 00:27:56 though to cut a hole in the wall so I
00:27:56 --> 00:27:58 can actually look out the window because
00:27:58 --> 00:28:01 what I want to do is to see what our
00:28:01 --> 00:28:03 galaxy really looks like what the Milky
00:28:03 --> 00:28:06 Way galaxy looks like so what I want to
00:28:06 --> 00:28:09 do is head off uh in a direction
00:28:09 --> 00:28:12 perpendicular to the plane of our galaxy
00:28:12 --> 00:28:15 at right angles to it and our galaxy is
00:28:15 --> 00:28:17 about 100 light years in diameter
00:28:17 --> 00:28:20 it's a spiral galaxy we know that uh we
00:28:20 --> 00:28:22 believe it's got four spiral arms which
00:28:22 --> 00:28:24 is quite unusual believe it's got a bar
00:28:24 --> 00:28:25 across the middle these are all from
00:28:25 --> 00:28:29 observations that we make uh uh from our
00:28:29 --> 00:28:31 location embedded in the spiral arm so
00:28:31 --> 00:28:34 it's a very tough place to M draw a map
00:28:34 --> 00:28:37 from uh where we are in the Milky Way
00:28:37 --> 00:28:38 means we've got to work very hard to try
00:28:38 --> 00:28:41 and find out what it really looks like
00:28:41 --> 00:28:43 uh but radio astronomers and infrared
00:28:43 --> 00:28:45 astronomers have helped us to do that so
00:28:45 --> 00:28:46 we've got some idea about the way the
00:28:47 --> 00:28:48 spiral arms are distributed and you can
00:28:48 --> 00:28:52 now find uh maps of the Milky Way on on
00:28:52 --> 00:28:54 you know online quite readily some of
00:28:54 --> 00:28:55 them are very beautiful and some of them
00:28:55 --> 00:28:58 are quite detailed uh in fact there's
00:28:58 --> 00:29:00 one in my book space War as well which I
00:29:00 --> 00:29:02 put in there as a as a map it mine's a
00:29:02 --> 00:29:04 mud map though which is peculiar to
00:29:04 --> 00:29:07 Australia um so because you draw it in
00:29:07 --> 00:29:10 mud uh so uh the bottom line is I would
00:29:10 --> 00:29:14 like to go to a point directly above or
00:29:14 --> 00:29:18 below the uh center of the Galaxy about
00:29:18 --> 00:29:21 100 light years away so looking out
00:29:21 --> 00:29:23 the window which I've just made in the
00:29:23 --> 00:29:26 wall you can actually see the whole of
00:29:26 --> 00:29:28 the Galaxy um
00:29:28 --> 00:29:30 and see exactly what it looks like
00:29:30 --> 00:29:34 because my bet is that all our maps and
00:29:34 --> 00:29:37 drawings are not that good because we're
00:29:37 --> 00:29:39 sitting inside the Galaxy it's nearly
00:29:39 --> 00:29:42 impossible to see what's going on so
00:29:42 --> 00:29:44 that's where I would like my insta walk
00:29:44 --> 00:29:47 pod to take me and I'll be quite happy
00:29:47 --> 00:29:48 to have a Northampton CH cup of coffee
00:29:48 --> 00:29:51 at the end of it yes it's assuming it
00:29:51 --> 00:29:52 takes you back there because you could
00:29:52 --> 00:29:55 end up anywhere according to Nile but um
00:29:55 --> 00:29:59 yes um that's a good one I I I I
00:29:59 --> 00:30:01 completely understand your um you being
00:30:01 --> 00:30:04 inquisitive about that uh mine's a
00:30:04 --> 00:30:06 little bit different I didn't have a lot
00:30:06 --> 00:30:10 of time to think about it but um I
00:30:10 --> 00:30:13 actually would not tell it to go to a
00:30:13 --> 00:30:16 specific point in
00:30:16 --> 00:30:20 space ex it would be more of a general
00:30:20 --> 00:30:23 request uh and my request would be take
00:30:23 --> 00:30:28 me to the nearest Planet inhabited with
00:30:28 --> 00:30:31 intelligent life aside from Earth
00:30:31 --> 00:30:32 although the intelligent bit would
00:30:32 --> 00:30:36 probably write that off anyway but um
00:30:36 --> 00:30:40 that's what I would say I I would have
00:30:40 --> 00:30:43 um I I would give the the the Pod
00:30:43 --> 00:30:46 instructions to take me and I'm using a
00:30:46 --> 00:30:48 lot of latitude here to the nearest
00:30:48 --> 00:30:51 occupied planet that has intelligent
00:30:51 --> 00:30:53 life now that could end up I could end
00:30:53 --> 00:30:54 up
00:30:54 --> 00:30:58 anywhere um or I could end up not moving
00:30:58 --> 00:31:02 it could go either way um because that
00:31:02 --> 00:31:03 that's probably one of the biggest
00:31:03 --> 00:31:06 mysteries of the universe are we alone
00:31:06 --> 00:31:08 and that would be a great way to find
00:31:08 --> 00:31:11 out take me to your leader would be
00:31:11 --> 00:31:14 probably one of my instructions um so
00:31:14 --> 00:31:16 that that's that's the Simplicity of it
00:31:16 --> 00:31:19 uh as for what I would want on the Pod I
00:31:19 --> 00:31:22 would certainly put radiation shielding
00:31:22 --> 00:31:26 on it and yeah definitely a portal at
00:31:26 --> 00:31:28 least cuz you know if you want to go to
00:31:28 --> 00:31:31 another planet and visit another species
00:31:31 --> 00:31:33 of intelligent beings you want to be
00:31:34 --> 00:31:35 able to
00:31:35 --> 00:31:39 wave you would um yes not nice you you
00:31:39 --> 00:31:41 also want to after one minute give them
00:31:41 --> 00:31:43 the bird and recede into the
00:31:43 --> 00:31:46 darkness you do that's right yeah so
00:31:46 --> 00:31:48 that would that would be it for me yeah
00:31:48 --> 00:31:51 andit of creative license I know but
00:31:51 --> 00:31:53 that would be it I think that works I
00:31:53 --> 00:31:55 think that's a far more profound answer
00:31:55 --> 00:31:57 than the one I gave Andrew and I think
00:31:58 --> 00:32:00 point is well made we simply don't know
00:32:00 --> 00:32:02 whether there's intelligence and just
00:32:02 --> 00:32:04 gazing at the Milky Way as I would want
00:32:04 --> 00:32:06 to do wouldn't tell you that at all so
00:32:06 --> 00:32:08 well done yeah but at least you'd know
00:32:08 --> 00:32:10 what you're looking at then You' be able
00:32:10 --> 00:32:12 to come back and go okay I know what we
00:32:12 --> 00:32:15 I know what we look like yeah and it's
00:32:15 --> 00:32:16 not
00:32:16 --> 00:32:20 that possibly not uh great question n we
00:32:20 --> 00:32:22 love these wh if questions so uh thank
00:32:22 --> 00:32:23 you for that and if you've got a
00:32:23 --> 00:32:25 question for us don't forget to send it
00:32:25 --> 00:32:28 in Via our website space podcast
00:32:28 --> 00:32:31 or SPAC nuts.i and there's a little AMA
00:32:31 --> 00:32:33 link up the top where you can send
00:32:33 --> 00:32:36 questions via text or audio regardless
00:32:36 --> 00:32:38 don't forget to tell us who you are and
00:32:38 --> 00:32:40 where you're from and have a look around
00:32:40 --> 00:32:42 while you're there uh because um you
00:32:42 --> 00:32:44 know there's plenty of things to see and
00:32:44 --> 00:32:48 do and and buy even if um you so desire
00:32:48 --> 00:32:51 I mean football teams have um have have
00:32:51 --> 00:32:53 you know jerseys and things that they
00:32:53 --> 00:32:55 they sell to their fans what we can do
00:32:55 --> 00:32:56 that
00:32:56 --> 00:32:59 too we don't have a football team though
00:32:59 --> 00:33:02 um that that would be very weird um so
00:33:02 --> 00:33:05 yes um do visit our website for whatever
00:33:05 --> 00:33:08 reason and uh don't forget the supporter
00:33:08 --> 00:33:09 button if you're interested in becoming
00:33:09 --> 00:33:12 a supporter someone uh messag us me
00:33:12 --> 00:33:14 messaged us the other day Fred said they
00:33:14 --> 00:33:15 they're going to become become a
00:33:15 --> 00:33:17 supporter so we appreciate that and all
00:33:17 --> 00:33:20 our supporters uh who number in their
00:33:20 --> 00:33:22 hundreds now which is terrific uh Fred
00:33:22 --> 00:33:24 we're all done thank you so
00:33:24 --> 00:33:27 much uh it's a pleasure that was uh
00:33:27 --> 00:33:28 really interesting session thank you
00:33:28 --> 00:33:30 Andrew and thanks to all our listeners
00:33:30 --> 00:33:32 who sending such great questions they do
00:33:32 --> 00:33:35 don't they yeah lot of fun and thanks to
00:33:35 --> 00:33:37 H in the studio who didn't contribute
00:33:37 --> 00:33:40 one I oor of information or support to
00:33:40 --> 00:33:41 us
00:33:41 --> 00:33:44 whatsoever as usual no I'm only no I'm
00:33:44 --> 00:33:46 not kidding I'm not kidding at all and
00:33:46 --> 00:33:47 from me Andrew Dunley thanks for your
00:33:47 --> 00:33:50 company see you on the next episode
00:33:50 --> 00:33:52 bye-bye you'll been listening to the
00:33:53 --> 00:33:54 Space Nuts
00:33:55 --> 00:33:58 podcast available at Apple podcast
00:33:58 --> 00:34:01 Spotify ihart radio or your favorite
00:34:01 --> 00:34:03 podcast player you can also stream on
00:34:03 --> 00:34:06 demand at bites.com this is been another
00:34:06 --> 00:34:08 quality podcast production from
00:34:08 --> 00:34:10 bites.com
00:34:10 --> 00:34:13 yeah he's going to send a Hitman one day
00:34:13 --> 00:34:17 for sure I'm in trouble