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Space Nuts Episode 504: Alien Objects, Exoplanets, and Mars Missions
In this episode of Space Nuts, host Andrew Dunkley is joined by astronomer Fred Watson and special guest Heidi Campo as they dive into the latest cosmic discoveries and ambitious space missions. From the intriguing tale of an alien object that may not be so alien after all to the confirmation of planets orbiting Barnard's Star, this episode is packed with fascinating insights and lively discussions that will pique your curiosity about the universe.
Episode Highlights:
- Alien Object Mystery: Andrew and Fred explore the story of an object that entered Earth's atmosphere, initially thought to be extraterrestrial, but later revealed to have a more terrestrial explanation involving a truck's seismic signal. The duo discusses the implications of this finding and the ongoing investigation led by Professor Avi Loeb.
- Discovery of Exoplanets: The conversation shifts to the confirmation of four sub-Earth-sized planets orbiting Barnard's Star, the closest star system to us. Andrew and Fred discuss the challenges of observing these planets and what their discovery means for the search for extraterrestrial life.
- Elon Musk and Mars Missions: The episode wraps up with an update on Elon Musk's ambitious plans for Mars colonization, including a timeline for robotic missions and the development of the humanoid robot, Optimus. Andrew and Fred discuss the feasibility of these plans and the technological advancements needed to make them a reality.
For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website. (https://www.spacenutspodcast.com/) Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on Facebook, X, YouTube Music Music, Tumblr, Instagram, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a message or comment on your favorite platform.
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Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.
Chapters:
(00:00) Introduction and welcome
(01:30) Discussion on the alien object and its true nature
(10:15) Confirmation of planets around Barnard's Star
(20:45) Elon Musk's plans for Mars colonization
(30:00) Closing thoughts and listener engagement
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Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/26203715?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:01 hello again thanks for joining us this
00:00:01 --> 00:00:03 is Space Nuts I'm your host Andrew
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 Dunley and always good to have your
00:00:06 --> 00:00:10 company uh coming up we have got plenty
00:00:10 --> 00:00:12 uh we're going to talk about an alien
00:00:12 --> 00:00:13 object that turned out not to be as
00:00:13 --> 00:00:15 alien as they thought it was just
00:00:15 --> 00:00:18 depends who was driving I suppose uh
00:00:18 --> 00:00:21 some planets have been found U orbiting
00:00:21 --> 00:00:24 a nearby star can you guess which one if
00:00:24 --> 00:00:26 you haven't read it in the news you're
00:00:26 --> 00:00:28 probably wrong or you could be right and
00:00:28 --> 00:00:31 Starship headed to Mars and if we got
00:00:31 --> 00:00:33 time we'll U we'll be talking about a
00:00:33 --> 00:00:34 couple of other things as well that's
00:00:34 --> 00:00:37 all coming up on Space Nuts 15 seconds
00:00:37 --> 00:00:42 guidance is internal 10 9 ignition
00:00:42 --> 00:00:47 sequence start Space Nuts 5 4 3 2 1 2 3
00:00:47 --> 00:00:51 5 5 4 3 Space Nuts asut report feels
00:00:52 --> 00:00:54 good joining us once again is Professor
00:00:54 --> 00:00:57 Fred Watson astrom at large hello Fred
00:00:57 --> 00:01:00 hello Andrew excellent to see you it
00:01:00 --> 00:01:03 it's good to see you too nice shirt pink
00:01:03 --> 00:01:06 going with pink pink today yeah it's um
00:01:06 --> 00:01:08 it's actually turned chilly hair here in
00:01:08 --> 00:01:11 uh Sydney we we had 37 degrees yesterday
00:01:11 --> 00:01:12 as I believe you did too when I the
00:01:12 --> 00:01:16 weather report last night and today it's
00:01:16 --> 00:01:19 22 yeah well we uh yeah that party the
00:01:19 --> 00:01:20 pool was the perfect location for our
00:01:20 --> 00:01:23 10-year-old grandson's party yesterday
00:01:23 --> 00:01:26 because um it was a stinker here uh we
00:01:26 --> 00:01:29 had a big blustery Sly change overnight
00:01:30 --> 00:01:32 and it was 14 when we woke up which was
00:01:32 --> 00:01:35 so nice it's so nice to have some cool
00:01:35 --> 00:01:38 weather because we have had some real
00:01:38 --> 00:01:40 rotten days this summer it's been
00:01:40 --> 00:01:42 Dreadful uh now for those who are
00:01:42 --> 00:01:45 viewing us at the moment um and for
00:01:45 --> 00:01:47 those who are listening later uh we have
00:01:47 --> 00:01:50 a another person in the mix today and
00:01:50 --> 00:01:54 her n name is Heidi Campo hello Heidi
00:01:54 --> 00:01:56 hey guys how are you doing very well uh
00:01:56 --> 00:01:58 it's good to have you along and the
00:01:58 --> 00:02:01 reason is because I'm going away uh and
00:02:01 --> 00:02:03 that sort of Dov tales with Fred just
00:02:03 --> 00:02:05 coming back from a trip and we just
00:02:05 --> 00:02:08 didn't have time to double up and and
00:02:08 --> 00:02:10 fill the time I'll be away so you will
00:02:10 --> 00:02:13 be taking over the hosting chair for um
00:02:13 --> 00:02:17 four or five episodes so um Heidi's here
00:02:17 --> 00:02:20 to just sort of play Observer and and uh
00:02:20 --> 00:02:22 see how it's all done it's not
00:02:22 --> 00:02:24 complicated because if it was we just
00:02:24 --> 00:02:27 couldn't do it uh so um yeah I'm sure
00:02:27 --> 00:02:29 you'll manage Heidi but feel free to
00:02:29 --> 00:02:32 jump in and anytime you like and armed
00:02:32 --> 00:02:36 with plenty of dad jokes oh perfect you
00:02:36 --> 00:02:39 you'll fit in nicely and for those who
00:02:39 --> 00:02:42 uh May recognize Heidi's name U one of
00:02:42 --> 00:02:44 the podcasts in our stable is called
00:02:44 --> 00:02:46 reality check the science of fiction
00:02:46 --> 00:02:49 which was Heidi's podcast I believe you
00:02:49 --> 00:02:51 do another podcast though don't you you
00:02:51 --> 00:02:55 um uh just reality chat yeah okay
00:02:55 --> 00:02:57 talking to subject matter experts about
00:02:57 --> 00:02:59 the plausibility of sci-fi Concepts it's
00:02:59 --> 00:03:01 a little bit on hold right now while I'm
00:03:02 --> 00:03:03 practicing real science with some of the
00:03:03 --> 00:03:06 research we're doing for NASA right now
00:03:06 --> 00:03:08 but that can be a conversation for the
00:03:08 --> 00:03:11 Q&A yeah very good all right uh well
00:03:11 --> 00:03:14 it's good to have you alone uh now Fred
00:03:14 --> 00:03:16 um we've got plenty of stories to deal
00:03:16 --> 00:03:19 with uh this first one dates back a few
00:03:19 --> 00:03:22 years uh when something hit the Earth's
00:03:22 --> 00:03:25 atmosphere and um it it ended up
00:03:25 --> 00:03:27 splashing down somewhere in near Papa
00:03:27 --> 00:03:30 and your guinea uh and of course um you
00:03:30 --> 00:03:32 know everybody said oh it's an alien
00:03:32 --> 00:03:34 spaceship or parts there are or
00:03:34 --> 00:03:38 something from an alien world uh but now
00:03:38 --> 00:03:42 they've been studying the data and it
00:03:42 --> 00:03:44 might have been something
00:03:44 --> 00:03:48 else yeah it's a it's a he said she said
00:03:48 --> 00:03:52 story now this one uh because it we we
00:03:52 --> 00:03:56 covered this I think uh probably back in
00:03:56 --> 00:04:01 2023 uh the story is um the you know the
00:04:01 --> 00:04:04 the sort of radar network uh which looks
00:04:04 --> 00:04:07 for things coming in um detected a
00:04:07 --> 00:04:10 meteorite which uh went through the
00:04:10 --> 00:04:12 Earth's atmosphere in
00:04:12 --> 00:04:16 2014 uh and that uh is thought to have
00:04:16 --> 00:04:19 created a seismic signal that led
00:04:19 --> 00:04:21 researchers to believe that the debrief
00:04:21 --> 00:04:23 from that meteorite would be spread
00:04:23 --> 00:04:26 across the ocean floor to the east of
00:04:27 --> 00:04:30 Manis Island you said sort of north of
00:04:30 --> 00:04:34 Australia yeah and um in fact that
00:04:34 --> 00:04:38 uh there is a team from Harvard led by
00:04:38 --> 00:04:41 Professor RV L whose name crops up quite
00:04:41 --> 00:04:46 regularly on this show um he uh was
00:04:46 --> 00:04:47 convinced that because this thing came
00:04:48 --> 00:04:50 in at I think if I remember rightly it
00:04:50 --> 00:04:53 was 47 kilometers per second that
00:04:53 --> 00:04:55 suggests it may well have been an
00:04:55 --> 00:04:58 Interstellar traveler uh a bit like
00:04:58 --> 00:05:01 umura the the famous Interstellar
00:05:01 --> 00:05:03 asteroid that we've also talked about
00:05:03 --> 00:05:07 endlessly on Space Nuts yeah so ay um
00:05:07 --> 00:05:10 wanted to find Deb from this object
00:05:11 --> 00:05:13 because he and his team believed that
00:05:13 --> 00:05:16 that would uh essentially allow us to
00:05:16 --> 00:05:18 find stuff that was from another solar
00:05:18 --> 00:05:21 system and possibly because this is his
00:05:21 --> 00:05:25 thing uh basically engineered stuff from
00:05:25 --> 00:05:26 another solar system it may have been
00:05:27 --> 00:05:30 evidence surveil in life so he set up a
00:05:30 --> 00:05:32 an expedition
00:05:32 --> 00:05:35 uh basically he and his team identified
00:05:36 --> 00:05:39 whereabouts on the uh ocean floor this
00:05:39 --> 00:05:41 these particles of debris from the
00:05:41 --> 00:05:44 meteorite would be based on the seismic
00:05:44 --> 00:05:46 signal that had been received uh and
00:05:47 --> 00:05:48 said about trolling the ocean floor with
00:05:48 --> 00:05:50 a magnet or something like that uh
00:05:50 --> 00:05:53 basically to pick up all the ferris
00:05:53 --> 00:05:55 material the iron containing material of
00:05:55 --> 00:05:57 which they got quite a lot little
00:05:57 --> 00:06:00 spheral of stuff that really was a bit
00:06:00 --> 00:06:03 unusual in its chemistry in terms of
00:06:03 --> 00:06:06 what we find on Earth and I think there
00:06:06 --> 00:06:10 was a consensus that the material you I
00:06:10 --> 00:06:12 mean a scientific consensus that this
00:06:12 --> 00:06:15 stuff whatever it was was e
00:06:15 --> 00:06:17 extraterrestrial at least something that
00:06:17 --> 00:06:20 had come from uh beyond the
00:06:20 --> 00:06:25 Earth uh cut fast forward to last week
00:06:25 --> 00:06:28 of the week before uh when we had
00:06:28 --> 00:06:31 evidence that the seismic signal which
00:06:31 --> 00:06:33 uh purportedly had been used to
00:06:33 --> 00:06:35 determine where this stuff would have
00:06:35 --> 00:06:39 fallen that seic seismic signal has been
00:06:39 --> 00:06:42 reanalyzed and it turns out that it was
00:06:42 --> 00:06:45 most likely not the object entering the
00:06:45 --> 00:06:47 atmosphere but a truck going around the
00:06:47 --> 00:06:50 corner just outside this where the
00:06:50 --> 00:06:53 seismograph is uh it had all the hall
00:06:53 --> 00:06:57 marks of a truck and so um you know
00:06:57 --> 00:07:00 there was a bit of uh a I think there's
00:07:00 --> 00:07:02 a publication to the effect that well
00:07:02 --> 00:07:05 this stuff probably isn't extra so from
00:07:05 --> 00:07:08 another solar system because the seismic
00:07:08 --> 00:07:09 signal was from a truck not from the
00:07:09 --> 00:07:12 meteor oh my gosh
00:07:12 --> 00:07:16 meanwhile last week uh aurb has got
00:07:16 --> 00:07:18 another paper which is currently in
00:07:18 --> 00:07:22 preparation uh which basically says it
00:07:22 --> 00:07:25 doesn't matter we found the stuff and uh
00:07:25 --> 00:07:27 our estimate of where the meteorite
00:07:27 --> 00:07:29 would have landed did not come
00:07:29 --> 00:07:31 principally from the seismic signal it
00:07:32 --> 00:07:34 came principally from the the radar
00:07:34 --> 00:07:37 determinations and so uh they um are
00:07:37 --> 00:07:39 sticking with the story that the stuff
00:07:39 --> 00:07:42 they found on the floor of the the ocean
00:07:42 --> 00:07:44 is
00:07:44 --> 00:07:47 probably uh from another solar system if
00:07:48 --> 00:07:51 not evidence of alien life which is of
00:07:51 --> 00:07:54 course ailo's um Touchstone if I can put
00:07:54 --> 00:07:56 it I'm I'm going to say he's probably
00:07:56 --> 00:07:57 half
00:07:57 --> 00:08:00 right which half the first
00:08:01 --> 00:08:03 half yeah I think that's right look it's
00:08:03 --> 00:08:05 it's great we need people like AI
00:08:05 --> 00:08:08 because he always thinks outside the box
00:08:08 --> 00:08:10 it's always the same side of the box
00:08:10 --> 00:08:13 that he thinks outside of um the alien
00:08:13 --> 00:08:18 life alien intelligence um but uh often
00:08:18 --> 00:08:23 his his remarks are uh taken with um not
00:08:23 --> 00:08:26 a pinch of salt but certainly taken with
00:08:26 --> 00:08:29 some skepticism is the wrong word no
00:08:29 --> 00:08:31 it's not skepticism by the by the
00:08:32 --> 00:08:33 scientific Community it would be that
00:08:33 --> 00:08:37 would be accurate yeah um the big
00:08:37 --> 00:08:39 question on my mind is was it a Ford
00:08:39 --> 00:08:43 Ranger or a Dodge Ram the truck I want
00:08:43 --> 00:08:45 to know what kind of truck it was I
00:08:45 --> 00:08:48 don't that yes it could have been I
00:08:48 --> 00:08:49 think it might have been bigger than
00:08:49 --> 00:08:53 that probably yeah probably gee could
00:08:53 --> 00:08:55 have been one of our Outback road trains
00:08:55 --> 00:08:56 well that would certainly have stirred
00:08:57 --> 00:08:58 up the seism M gri wouldn't it
00:08:58 --> 00:09:00 definitely yeah so tell me how this
00:09:00 --> 00:09:03 seismic data works if that's what they
00:09:03 --> 00:09:05 initially detected even though it barked
00:09:05 --> 00:09:07 them up the wrong tree
00:09:07 --> 00:09:10 um how do they how do they use seismic
00:09:10 --> 00:09:12 data to analyze where something's coming
00:09:12 --> 00:09:15 from that seems very interesting so so
00:09:15 --> 00:09:18 it's the pressure wave basically so when
00:09:18 --> 00:09:20 an object enters the solar system sorry
00:09:20 --> 00:09:21 enters the Earth's atmosphere
00:09:21 --> 00:09:24 particularly hurtling along at more than
00:09:24 --> 00:09:27 40 kilometers per second um then it
00:09:27 --> 00:09:30 creates a shock wave and that shock wave
00:09:30 --> 00:09:33 is basically detected by the seismograph
00:09:33 --> 00:09:35 probably uh because it shakes the
00:09:35 --> 00:09:38 building that the seismographs in um I
00:09:38 --> 00:09:40 mean there there will be an element of
00:09:40 --> 00:09:41 it that shock wave hitting hitting the
00:09:42 --> 00:09:44 ground that stirs up the ground a bit uh
00:09:44 --> 00:09:46 it is extraordinary how sensitive
00:09:46 --> 00:09:49 seismographs are um I have a colleague
00:09:49 --> 00:09:51 at Siding Spring Observatory who
00:09:51 --> 00:09:53 operates as an amateur scientist he
00:09:53 --> 00:09:56 operates a seismograph that can detect
00:09:56 --> 00:09:58 you know certainly detect explosions in
00:09:58 --> 00:10:00 the hunt of Valley coalfield which is
00:10:00 --> 00:10:03 about 300 kilometers away uh but um but
00:10:03 --> 00:10:06 but but also much much more much more
00:10:06 --> 00:10:09 subtle things like trains going fast and
00:10:09 --> 00:10:11 the nearest train to his location at
00:10:11 --> 00:10:13 Siding Spring is about 100 kilometers
00:10:13 --> 00:10:16 away so yeah I strongly suspect whatever
00:10:16 --> 00:10:18 the truck was it wasn't doing 45
00:10:18 --> 00:10:21 kilometers a second that's right hi do
00:10:21 --> 00:10:23 you how yeah I've got a question for you
00:10:23 --> 00:10:25 Fred so I don't really know how this
00:10:25 --> 00:10:26 works and I'm sure a lot of the
00:10:26 --> 00:10:29 listeners don't either how is this not
00:10:29 --> 00:10:32 more of a common problem CU if they
00:10:32 --> 00:10:33 picked up this truck and didn't know
00:10:33 --> 00:10:35 what it was it sounds like there might
00:10:35 --> 00:10:37 be protocol in place for them to
00:10:37 --> 00:10:39 differentiate between someone walking
00:10:39 --> 00:10:42 around in the facility versus a vehicle
00:10:42 --> 00:10:45 versus something that's you know truly a
00:10:45 --> 00:10:50 UFO so do they normally mistaken other
00:10:50 --> 00:10:53 objects no um it's a really good point
00:10:53 --> 00:10:55 hiy because you know the with a
00:10:55 --> 00:10:58 seismograph people walking around it is
00:10:58 --> 00:11:00 is it's it's background interference and
00:11:00 --> 00:11:04 it happens all the time um I the it is a
00:11:04 --> 00:11:07 really good point how did you mix up a
00:11:07 --> 00:11:08 truck that's probably going to go around
00:11:08 --> 00:11:11 the corner every day uh with with this
00:11:11 --> 00:11:14 incoming signal and I think um there may
00:11:14 --> 00:11:17 have been some bad luck there you know
00:11:17 --> 00:11:19 picking out the signal that just
00:11:19 --> 00:11:21 happened to be at the right instant in
00:11:21 --> 00:11:25 comparison with the radar data uh but I
00:11:25 --> 00:11:28 think so seismic signals are really
00:11:28 --> 00:11:31 interesting you can learn a lot just by
00:11:31 --> 00:11:34 looking at what the trace is and in fact
00:11:34 --> 00:11:37 um going completely off track uh we had
00:11:37 --> 00:11:40 a contact lovely contact in Greenland
00:11:40 --> 00:11:42 last month with um scientist actually
00:11:42 --> 00:11:45 from the UK who seen the size miic
00:11:45 --> 00:11:48 signal of water slushing around in a f
00:11:48 --> 00:11:50 in Greenland that went round the world
00:11:50 --> 00:11:52 and lasted for nine days wow and that's
00:11:53 --> 00:11:54 a so that that's telling you that
00:11:54 --> 00:11:57 there's a really particular kind of
00:11:57 --> 00:12:00 characteristic that lets you do the the
00:12:00 --> 00:12:03 of a seismic signal that lets you do the
00:12:03 --> 00:12:06 uh the forensic science as you know as
00:12:06 --> 00:12:07 you could put it to to work out what's
00:12:07 --> 00:12:10 happened and maybe it's just bad luck
00:12:10 --> 00:12:11 that they picked up this signal at the
00:12:11 --> 00:12:14 truck and said this has got exactly the
00:12:14 --> 00:12:16 the kind of Trace that you would expect
00:12:16 --> 00:12:19 to come from an incoming uh body an
00:12:19 --> 00:12:22 incoming object how fascinating uh and
00:12:22 --> 00:12:23 by the way that truck driver has been
00:12:23 --> 00:12:24 done for
00:12:24 --> 00:12:28 speeding um 47 kilm per second yeah it
00:12:28 --> 00:12:30 would be it does remind me of another
00:12:30 --> 00:12:32 story we did once about uh what was it
00:12:32 --> 00:12:34 an alien signal it turned out to be a
00:12:34 --> 00:12:38 microwave oven oh well yes that's the
00:12:38 --> 00:12:39 the great story from parks that they're
00:12:39 --> 00:12:41 still embarrassed about sorry Parks
00:12:41 --> 00:12:44 radio telescope yes indeed but uh that's
00:12:44 --> 00:12:46 a great story it's popped up on a couple
00:12:46 --> 00:12:50 of websites if you want to go to Cosmos
00:12:50 --> 00:12:52 magazine.com uh and uh and Chase it up
00:12:52 --> 00:12:54 there plenty of information and uh it is
00:12:54 --> 00:12:57 a a really interesting story with all
00:12:57 --> 00:12:59 the the truck driving and and weirdness
00:12:59 --> 00:13:02 put pushed aside um Fred let's move on
00:13:02 --> 00:13:06 to our next Yann and this one is uh
00:13:06 --> 00:13:08 really exciting because they've thought
00:13:08 --> 00:13:10 for some time that there's been planets
00:13:10 --> 00:13:13 orbiting a certain star and now they
00:13:13 --> 00:13:14 think they've found them although this
00:13:14 --> 00:13:16 has been a difficult task because of the
00:13:16 --> 00:13:19 angle of observation I believe that's
00:13:19 --> 00:13:22 correct yes that's right so um the
00:13:22 --> 00:13:25 starring question is it's well known to
00:13:25 --> 00:13:27 astronomers but not very well known to
00:13:27 --> 00:13:29 the outside world if I put it it that
00:13:29 --> 00:13:32 way uh it's Barnard star and it was
00:13:32 --> 00:13:35 discovered by let me guess someone named
00:13:35 --> 00:13:38 Barnard indeed indeed that's right I'm
00:13:38 --> 00:13:40 trying to remember his first
00:13:40 --> 00:13:43 name I think it was Edward yes was it I
00:13:43 --> 00:13:46 don't know I'll look it up Edgar no was
00:13:46 --> 00:13:48 it Edward Bernard can't remember anyway
00:13:48 --> 00:13:51 Bernard worked at one of the major uh us
00:13:51 --> 00:13:54 observatories and in I think 1914 or
00:13:54 --> 00:13:57 there about certainly the early uh years
00:13:57 --> 00:14:00 of the 20th Cent
00:14:00 --> 00:14:04 um he discovered this star which has and
00:14:04 --> 00:14:06 I'm going to use the astronomy go
00:14:06 --> 00:14:08 group now it has the highest proper
00:14:08 --> 00:14:10 motion of any other star known and the
00:14:10 --> 00:14:13 proper motion of a star is its motion
00:14:13 --> 00:14:17 across the sky it's uh it's as we see it
00:14:17 --> 00:14:19 how fast it moves in the sky now that
00:14:20 --> 00:14:21 doesn't necessarily mean it's its true
00:14:21 --> 00:14:23 motion because there's probably a a
00:14:23 --> 00:14:25 component towards us as well which you
00:14:25 --> 00:14:28 can actually detect differently but um
00:14:28 --> 00:14:30 it was 10 seconds a year remembering an
00:14:30 --> 00:14:35 arcc is 13 of a degree the diameter
00:14:35 --> 00:14:38 of a $1 coin held up at five kilometers
00:14:38 --> 00:14:41 that's an Australian $1 coin um a tiny
00:14:41 --> 00:14:43 angle uh and 10 Arc seconds isn't many
00:14:43 --> 00:14:46 more of them but it's uh by far the
00:14:46 --> 00:14:49 biggest proper motion motion of a star
00:14:49 --> 00:14:53 known uh it's Galloping across the sky
00:14:53 --> 00:14:55 and so uh it's been a favorite of
00:14:55 --> 00:14:58 astronomers uh for you know ever since
00:14:58 --> 00:15:00 it was was observed more than a century
00:15:00 --> 00:15:04 ago first identified uh and astronomers
00:15:04 --> 00:15:06 of course because it's the next nearest
00:15:06 --> 00:15:09 star to the Proxima centu system have uh
00:15:09 --> 00:15:11 looked hard for evidence of planets
00:15:11 --> 00:15:15 around it uh and now they found them
00:15:15 --> 00:15:17 they found the evidence there's been a
00:15:17 --> 00:15:22 few uh what you might call um tentative
00:15:22 --> 00:15:26 uh um measurements that have uh LED
00:15:27 --> 00:15:28 people to believe that perhaps Bernard
00:15:28 --> 00:15:32 St planets uh but now uh because of
00:15:32 --> 00:15:34 observations made if I remember rightly
00:15:34 --> 00:15:37 it's the Germany North telescope I
00:15:37 --> 00:15:39 should have checked that shouldn't I uh
00:15:39 --> 00:15:42 it's observations made yes Germany North
00:15:42 --> 00:15:45 in Hawaii uh it's uh observations that
00:15:45 --> 00:15:47 have been made by that telescope have
00:15:47 --> 00:15:48 actually nailed it because they have a
00:15:48 --> 00:15:52 very sensitive uh doppa wobble machine
00:15:52 --> 00:15:54 and doppa wobble of course is the name
00:15:54 --> 00:15:56 that we give to the way a star is pulled
00:15:56 --> 00:16:00 slightly out of place by the planets
00:16:00 --> 00:16:02 going around it and that pulling and
00:16:02 --> 00:16:05 pushing of a star by its own planets is
00:16:05 --> 00:16:07 something that we pick up by the radial
00:16:08 --> 00:16:09 velocity the velocity along the line of
00:16:09 --> 00:16:12 sight which I've just talking about so
00:16:12 --> 00:16:15 uh that has now uh been confirmed that
00:16:15 --> 00:16:19 there are for sub Earths actually uh
00:16:19 --> 00:16:22 very small planets and the point that
00:16:22 --> 00:16:24 you are making and this is what makes it
00:16:24 --> 00:16:27 a bit difficult because um you you get
00:16:27 --> 00:16:31 much more information if the planets are
00:16:31 --> 00:16:33 orbiting in a plane that we can see
00:16:34 --> 00:16:37 directly along uh so that you have the
00:16:37 --> 00:16:39 planets passing in front of their star
00:16:40 --> 00:16:41 uh that's what we call the transit
00:16:41 --> 00:16:43 method for discovering planets but it
00:16:43 --> 00:16:44 also gives you much more information
00:16:44 --> 00:16:46 about the diameter of the planets which
00:16:46 --> 00:16:48 we don't get from the Dopp wobble
00:16:48 --> 00:16:50 technique so there's still some unknowns
00:16:50 --> 00:16:53 about the density of these planets but
00:16:53 --> 00:16:55 they are confirmed to be there so at
00:16:55 --> 00:16:57 last the big question are there
00:16:57 --> 00:17:01 exoplanets Orit barard star has been
00:17:01 --> 00:17:04 answered aha well that's good news uh
00:17:04 --> 00:17:05 bad news for anyone living there I
00:17:05 --> 00:17:08 imagine being a red dwarf it is a red
00:17:08 --> 00:17:10 dwarf that's right which means that the
00:17:10 --> 00:17:11 stars are
00:17:11 --> 00:17:14 orbiting uh sort of within the you know
00:17:14 --> 00:17:16 you know within within a region uh in
00:17:16 --> 00:17:18 fact that that most of them orbit just
00:17:18 --> 00:17:20 within a few days around their parents
00:17:20 --> 00:17:22 to so they're they're much closer to
00:17:22 --> 00:17:25 barard Star and Mercury is to the Sun
00:17:25 --> 00:17:27 and red dwarfs are bad news in that
00:17:27 --> 00:17:29 regard because they are relative active
00:17:29 --> 00:17:30 you get these
00:17:30 --> 00:17:33 flares subatomic particles that might
00:17:33 --> 00:17:35 fry anything that's on one of the planet
00:17:35 --> 00:17:38 and I think I'm right in saying that
00:17:38 --> 00:17:40 none of them are in the habitable zone
00:17:40 --> 00:17:43 barodar that's the region around a red
00:17:43 --> 00:17:47 dwarf uh where you could have liquid
00:17:47 --> 00:17:50 water um well if they did have
00:17:50 --> 00:17:52 life in that zone it would still be
00:17:52 --> 00:17:54 perilous I
00:17:54 --> 00:17:56 imagine yes that's right unless it you
00:17:56 --> 00:17:57 know who knows with with
00:17:57 --> 00:17:59 extraterrestrial real life it could be
00:17:59 --> 00:18:02 anything yeah it could live in the Rocks
00:18:02 --> 00:18:03 well that's right they could be
00:18:03 --> 00:18:05 underground that's absolutely true and
00:18:05 --> 00:18:07 it was discovered by Edward Emerson
00:18:07 --> 00:18:11 Barnard in 196 Ed well done thank you
00:18:11 --> 00:18:12 yeah I knew you had it right you had
00:18:12 --> 00:18:15 about 40 guesses but you got it right
00:18:15 --> 00:18:17 yeah it's all good okay uh if you'd like
00:18:18 --> 00:18:21 to read up on that uh there uh got the
00:18:21 --> 00:18:24 wrong side up here we go uh Noir
00:18:24 --> 00:18:27 la.edu is where you can read the paper
00:18:27 --> 00:18:31 on that Discovery n o my la.edu this is
00:18:31 --> 00:18:33 Space Nuts Andrew Dunley here with
00:18:33 --> 00:18:36 Professor Fred Watson and py Campo Our
00:18:36 --> 00:18:38 Guest
00:18:38 --> 00:18:40 presenter okay let's take a quick break
00:18:40 --> 00:18:43 from the show to give a shout out to our
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00:19:59 --> 00:20:02 nordvpn.com SPAC nuts I've been using
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00:20:05 --> 00:20:07 renewing because it's hands down the
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00:20:11 --> 00:20:13 nordvpn.com
00:20:13 --> 00:20:16 SPAC nuts all right let's get back to
00:20:16 --> 00:20:23 the show 3 2 1 Space Nuts now let's get
00:20:23 --> 00:20:26 on to this story which um the popular
00:20:26 --> 00:20:29 press absolutely loves it's Elon Musk
00:20:29 --> 00:20:33 SpaceX founder headed for Mars well not
00:20:33 --> 00:20:35 personally although some might say we'd
00:20:35 --> 00:20:38 like to see that happen but uh it's more
00:20:38 --> 00:20:41 about his preparation to colonize Mars
00:20:41 --> 00:20:44 and they're looking at a timeline now uh
00:20:44 --> 00:20:48 to send a um a mission at the end of
00:20:48 --> 00:20:49 next
00:20:49 --> 00:20:52 year that's correct Andrew but not with
00:20:52 --> 00:20:55 people not with people uh hang on a sec
00:20:55 --> 00:20:58 Heidi's got to leave us oh than thanks
00:20:58 --> 00:21:01 for for jumping in just to learn the
00:21:01 --> 00:21:03 ropes I'm sure you didn't learn anything
00:21:03 --> 00:21:04 uh
00:21:04 --> 00:21:06 but we'll we'll catch up with you real
00:21:06 --> 00:21:08 soon when you take over as host thanks
00:21:08 --> 00:21:10 Heidi thank you so much to meet you
00:21:10 --> 00:21:13 Heidi see you soon all right um yes Elon
00:21:13 --> 00:21:17 off to off the Mars friend that's right
00:21:17 --> 00:21:21 so um you know this is Elon sort of
00:21:21 --> 00:21:24 mapping out his plans
00:21:24 --> 00:21:28 for uh for getting to Mars which uh it
00:21:28 --> 00:21:30 has to be said
00:21:30 --> 00:21:32 are all right I'll say it
00:21:32 --> 00:21:35 unrealistically
00:21:35 --> 00:21:40 ambitious um um I mean we've just had uh
00:21:40 --> 00:21:45 what was it Starship 8 uh which uh was
00:21:45 --> 00:21:47 the eighth test launch of the Starship
00:21:47 --> 00:21:51 vehicle which consists of uh a booster
00:21:51 --> 00:21:53 which is the Falcon superheavy with the
00:21:53 --> 00:21:56 Starship vehicle itself purched on top
00:21:56 --> 00:22:01 uh Starship 8 uh the was mixed success
00:22:01 --> 00:22:05 the the booster landed successfully uh
00:22:05 --> 00:22:07 with the uh what's he call the Chopstick
00:22:07 --> 00:22:09 me mechanism on the launch pad so it
00:22:09 --> 00:22:12 returns back to its Launchpad incredible
00:22:12 --> 00:22:15 technology unbelievable stuff but the
00:22:15 --> 00:22:18 Starship itself blew up uh sorry rapid
00:22:18 --> 00:22:21 uh what was it rapid unscheduled
00:22:21 --> 00:22:26 disassembly did yeah um so um but what
00:22:26 --> 00:22:27 the point I was going to make was
00:22:27 --> 00:22:29 Starship 9 is's following close on its
00:22:29 --> 00:22:33 heels uh because Elon is happy to keep
00:22:33 --> 00:22:36 getting these things going uh until it
00:22:36 --> 00:22:40 works as it did with the whole Falcon 9
00:22:40 --> 00:22:41 Business when when you know they were
00:22:41 --> 00:22:43 practicing trying to bring spacecraft
00:22:43 --> 00:22:46 back to their launch sites took a long
00:22:46 --> 00:22:49 time to get it right now is
00:22:49 --> 00:22:51 absolutely uh just standard it's just
00:22:51 --> 00:22:54 the normal situation and I think the
00:22:54 --> 00:22:58 record is now I think it's 26 flights
00:22:58 --> 00:23:01 that one Falcon 99 booster has made U
00:23:01 --> 00:23:03 and that you know it's such a cost
00:23:03 --> 00:23:06 cutting mechanism it's brilliant stuff
00:23:06 --> 00:23:08 anyway uh going back to
00:23:08 --> 00:23:11 Starship I was just going to say for all
00:23:11 --> 00:23:13 his faults and critics you've got to
00:23:13 --> 00:23:17 applaud him for the um the rapidity of
00:23:18 --> 00:23:20 his development process he he finds the
00:23:20 --> 00:23:23 problems fast fixes them and perfects
00:23:23 --> 00:23:26 these things in in no time it's quite
00:23:26 --> 00:23:28 remarkable
00:23:28 --> 00:23:30 uh it is extraordinary that's right uh
00:23:30 --> 00:23:33 an extraordinary person in in every way
00:23:33 --> 00:23:37 um anyway uh one of the reasons why he's
00:23:37 --> 00:23:39 got such haste to get Starship to work
00:23:39 --> 00:23:41 well there's two really the main one
00:23:42 --> 00:23:44 perhaps is that he's contracted to NASA
00:23:44 --> 00:23:46 for Starship to be the landing vehicle
00:23:46 --> 00:23:50 to get astronauts on the moon for the
00:23:50 --> 00:23:54 arimus 3 flight um which currently is
00:23:54 --> 00:23:55 scheduled for
00:23:55 --> 00:23:59 2027 uh that's got to be right uh to get
00:23:59 --> 00:24:01 these astronauts down onto the surface
00:24:01 --> 00:24:05 and Back Again into an an orbit that
00:24:05 --> 00:24:07 will take them back to earth that is uh
00:24:07 --> 00:24:09 very much part of the schedule at the
00:24:09 --> 00:24:13 moment uh so he's got to make Starship
00:24:13 --> 00:24:16 work and at the moment he not doing um
00:24:16 --> 00:24:19 the the the Orit itself uh but the other
00:24:19 --> 00:24:23 reason is that he wants to send a
00:24:23 --> 00:24:26 Starship to Mars at the end of
00:24:26 --> 00:24:29 2026 and the reason for that imperative
00:24:29 --> 00:24:31 is as you and I have spoken about many
00:24:31 --> 00:24:33 times uh the windows for launching
00:24:33 --> 00:24:35 vehicles to Miles come every two years
00:24:35 --> 00:24:38 and two months yeah and the next one is
00:24:38 --> 00:24:41 late in 2026 and that's the one he wants
00:24:41 --> 00:24:45 to uh wants to get otherwise it will be
00:24:45 --> 00:24:48 2029 uh and that's you know when the
00:24:48 --> 00:24:52 next window opens so uh Elon is planning
00:24:52 --> 00:24:55 a robotic motion sorry a robotic flight
00:24:55 --> 00:24:59 to Mars uh with actually they're
00:24:59 --> 00:25:01 currently under development humanoid
00:25:01 --> 00:25:03 robot which is called Optimus on board
00:25:03 --> 00:25:05 so there will be a humanoid robot on
00:25:05 --> 00:25:08 this thing uh he's talking about
00:25:08 --> 00:25:12 2026 uh and perhaps a landing as well on
00:25:12 --> 00:25:16 Mars uh in 20126 or it will be uh yes it
00:25:16 --> 00:25:19 will be 2027 uh when the landing took
00:25:19 --> 00:25:22 place so that's a very very ambitious
00:25:22 --> 00:25:25 schedule uh he's got to get the thing
00:25:25 --> 00:25:27 right so it doesn't blow up on launch uh
00:25:27 --> 00:25:30 on when when it's in orbit insertion um
00:25:31 --> 00:25:33 and it would be a real Phillip if he
00:25:33 --> 00:25:36 could actually get a spacecraft on its
00:25:36 --> 00:25:39 way to Miles by 2026 even if it wasn't a
00:25:39 --> 00:25:42 Lander even if it was a you know just a
00:25:42 --> 00:25:46 um Fly by or or even a a going into
00:25:46 --> 00:25:50 orbit um scenario uh so then but then
00:25:50 --> 00:25:54 the other bit is uh in fact we've got a
00:25:55 --> 00:25:58 quote from Elon which I might just read
00:25:58 --> 00:25:58 uh
00:25:58 --> 00:26:01 St will you understand
00:26:01 --> 00:26:04 it Starship departs for Mars at the end
00:26:04 --> 00:26:07 of next year carrying Optimus if those
00:26:07 --> 00:26:09 Landings there you are he's ambitious
00:26:09 --> 00:26:11 his ambition is to land yeah if those
00:26:11 --> 00:26:13 Landings go
00:26:13 --> 00:26:16 well then human Landings may start as
00:26:16 --> 00:26:17 soon as
00:26:17 --> 00:26:20 2029 because that's when the next window
00:26:20 --> 00:26:23 is open although he says 2031 is more
00:26:23 --> 00:26:27 likely and I think 2035 is more likely
00:26:27 --> 00:26:31 still uh because we still have so many
00:26:31 --> 00:26:34 issues to solve in terms of putting
00:26:34 --> 00:26:36 astronauts into a mission that could
00:26:36 --> 00:26:39 last up to two years uh with you know
00:26:39 --> 00:26:41 all the need for life support with all
00:26:41 --> 00:26:44 the radiation issues all of that I think
00:26:44 --> 00:26:47 it is a very very big ask to be thinking
00:26:47 --> 00:26:49 about anything before the mid 2030s yeah
00:26:49 --> 00:26:51 I imagine so I think one of the most
00:26:51 --> 00:26:53 exciting parts of this Mission if you
00:26:53 --> 00:26:55 can pull it off is um the Optimus robot
00:26:55 --> 00:26:58 otherwise known as the Tesla bot which
00:26:58 --> 00:27:01 is in development uh Tesla Incorporated
00:27:01 --> 00:27:04 is is building it um and by the way
00:27:04 --> 00:27:08 Optimus comes from the um uh TV and
00:27:08 --> 00:27:09 movie
00:27:09 --> 00:27:13 franchise um uh Transformers Optimus
00:27:13 --> 00:27:16 Prime being one of the main characters
00:27:16 --> 00:27:18 I'm sure you've watched them all Fred um
00:27:18 --> 00:27:21 just just like just like I have but yeah
00:27:21 --> 00:27:23 that's where the name comes from Optimus
00:27:23 --> 00:27:26 Prime from um Transformers but uh this
00:27:26 --> 00:27:29 this is quite remarkable uh um the way
00:27:29 --> 00:27:31 the way this is being developed and and
00:27:31 --> 00:27:35 it's and you did say humanoid type robot
00:27:35 --> 00:27:39 and it does it does look every bit
00:27:39 --> 00:27:43 humanoid and it's not just Tesla that's
00:27:43 --> 00:27:45 developing robots uh other companies
00:27:45 --> 00:27:47 have been doing this for a long time and
00:27:47 --> 00:27:49 we're really starting to get well down
00:27:49 --> 00:27:52 the road of uh I suppose we're at the
00:27:52 --> 00:27:54 beginning of the spectrum of perfection
00:27:54 --> 00:27:58 of Robotics uh independent thinking
00:27:58 --> 00:28:00 operating robots and that's what this is
00:28:00 --> 00:28:02 ultimately going to be uh I think that's
00:28:02 --> 00:28:04 really exciting um some people are
00:28:05 --> 00:28:06 probably scared witless because they've
00:28:06 --> 00:28:08 watched um you know too many science
00:28:08 --> 00:28:10 fiction films about artificial
00:28:10 --> 00:28:12 intelligence but
00:28:12 --> 00:28:16 um this this uh this this could be the
00:28:16 --> 00:28:18 next giant leap in
00:28:18 --> 00:28:20 technology um and and I think they'll
00:28:20 --> 00:28:22 pull it off it's already starting to
00:28:22 --> 00:28:25 happen so um yeah that's that's exciting
00:28:25 --> 00:28:27 news anything more to add about elon's
00:28:27 --> 00:28:29 trip
00:28:29 --> 00:28:35 not really um I um you know I look I I I
00:28:35 --> 00:28:39 I will not be surprised if this happens
00:28:39 --> 00:28:42 just knowing knowing the drive that Elon
00:28:42 --> 00:28:45 has to get stuff happening get stuff
00:28:45 --> 00:28:48 fixed well you know without people like
00:28:48 --> 00:28:52 Elon in our history a lot of stuff would
00:28:52 --> 00:28:56 never have happened and
00:28:56 --> 00:28:58 um you can you can Point people in
00:28:59 --> 00:29:00 history that have done great things
00:29:00 --> 00:29:03 because they didn't listen to the
00:29:03 --> 00:29:05 detractors and the critics they just
00:29:05 --> 00:29:07 said no I'm I've got this idea and I'm
00:29:07 --> 00:29:10 going to make it work and away they went
00:29:11 --> 00:29:14 yeah I mean it it's it's also now
00:29:14 --> 00:29:18 Complicated by the you know the the
00:29:18 --> 00:29:22 position that Elon uh occupies uh within
00:29:22 --> 00:29:25 the Trump Administration yeah uh and
00:29:25 --> 00:29:28 we've got all sorts of concerns being
00:29:28 --> 00:29:31 impressed about conflicts of interest uh
00:29:31 --> 00:29:35 there's a lot of stuff happening that
00:29:35 --> 00:29:38 is counterintuitive perhaps and um not
00:29:38 --> 00:29:41 necessarily going altogether well and uh
00:29:41 --> 00:29:43 that that sort of in a way clouds the
00:29:43 --> 00:29:47 issue because um the Elon is is a
00:29:47 --> 00:29:51 basically a genius uh and that's
00:29:51 --> 00:29:55 extraordinary um but it may be that that
00:29:55 --> 00:29:59 now um you know is is is is overshadowed
00:29:59 --> 00:30:01 by other things that are
00:30:01 --> 00:30:03 happening yes and that's rather
00:30:04 --> 00:30:06 unfortunate but when you um when you
00:30:06 --> 00:30:08 pick sides in politics you
00:30:08 --> 00:30:10 disenfranchise half the people you do
00:30:10 --> 00:30:13 that's exactly right and uh which is why
00:30:13 --> 00:30:16 test tless Sals are falling yes and like
00:30:16 --> 00:30:18 I've seen videos of um people you know
00:30:18 --> 00:30:21 bigname people and I won't point the
00:30:21 --> 00:30:23 finger at them have already become well
00:30:23 --> 00:30:26 known through their own exploits um
00:30:26 --> 00:30:29 giving away their Tesla vehicles in
00:30:29 --> 00:30:34 protest yeah it's yeah so he has kind of
00:30:34 --> 00:30:36 ostracized himself I suppose you could
00:30:36 --> 00:30:38 say uh in some ways but he probably
00:30:38 --> 00:30:40 doesn't care I don't think so no that's
00:30:40 --> 00:30:43 right and so let's see what happens yes
00:30:43 --> 00:30:45 inde do all right uh if you'd like to
00:30:45 --> 00:30:49 read that story it's at f.org that's
00:30:49 --> 00:30:52 ps.org not fyz I don't know what that
00:30:52 --> 00:30:55 would take you to
00:30:55 --> 00:31:02 um better not to find out now I want to
00:31:02 --> 00:31:06 look and I feel fine Space Nuts um
00:31:06 --> 00:31:08 couple of quick stories to finish up uh
00:31:09 --> 00:31:12 sphere X telescope is now up and running
00:31:12 --> 00:31:14 or ready to get you know it's off the
00:31:14 --> 00:31:17 planet uh it is uh that's that's right
00:31:17 --> 00:31:20 it's uh it's launched on Tuesday last
00:31:20 --> 00:31:24 week uh I think it's uh on a on a quite
00:31:24 --> 00:31:26 an interesting uh initial trajectory it
00:31:27 --> 00:31:29 was a polar orbit that it went into to
00:31:29 --> 00:31:35 start with and uh it's basically uh a a
00:31:35 --> 00:31:38 telescope which by the way only has an 8
00:31:38 --> 00:31:41 in lens on it which is kind of the size
00:31:41 --> 00:31:43 of most amateur telescopes but it's got
00:31:43 --> 00:31:46 the most extraordinary uh detectors and
00:31:46 --> 00:31:49 this curious um heat exchange system
00:31:49 --> 00:31:52 which makes the whole thing look like uh
00:31:52 --> 00:31:54 one of those cones of Silence that you
00:31:54 --> 00:31:56 put around dogs when they're not
00:31:56 --> 00:31:58 supposed to scatch their
00:31:58 --> 00:32:00 whatever it is or pull pull their
00:32:00 --> 00:32:02 stitches out from whatever's been done
00:32:02 --> 00:32:04 to them uh we we had one of those for
00:32:05 --> 00:32:08 our little poodle when he underwent a
00:32:08 --> 00:32:10 certain operation uh which he tolerated
00:32:10 --> 00:32:14 for less than a minute yeah yeah I've
00:32:14 --> 00:32:17 I've I've often seen cat videos of them
00:32:17 --> 00:32:19 just basically beating themselves to
00:32:19 --> 00:32:22 death trying to get those things off uh
00:32:22 --> 00:32:25 just for the record f.org is
00:32:25 --> 00:32:28 unreachable ah if I dou
00:32:28 --> 00:32:30 so I don't know what's going on there
00:32:30 --> 00:32:32 but um I would have thought that would
00:32:32 --> 00:32:34 be a URL worth a couple couple of bucks
00:32:35 --> 00:32:38 um might be on the dark web good good G
00:32:38 --> 00:32:39 and I've just looked at I've just tried
00:32:39 --> 00:32:42 to look at it I'm A Marked Man yeah yeah
00:32:42 --> 00:32:45 yeah all right spherex uh very exciting
00:32:45 --> 00:32:47 and uh that mapping of the universe it's
00:32:47 --> 00:32:49 going to happen rather quickly yes
00:32:49 --> 00:32:52 that's right it's a it's a project uh to
00:32:52 --> 00:32:54 that I didn't mention it's it's the idea
00:32:54 --> 00:32:56 is to map the universe in uh because
00:32:56 --> 00:32:58 it's basically going to look at the
00:32:58 --> 00:33:00 whole Sky uh and that I think is why
00:33:00 --> 00:33:03 it's in a polar orbit it Maps the the
00:33:03 --> 00:33:05 glow of the universe in a sense from
00:33:05 --> 00:33:09 galaxies and uh you know the light of
00:33:09 --> 00:33:13 distant star systems and one of the uh
00:33:13 --> 00:33:16 one of the reasons for sphere X is to
00:33:16 --> 00:33:19 pin down our understanding of the
00:33:19 --> 00:33:23 universe's first period the 10 Theus 32
00:33:23 --> 00:33:25 of a second in which it inflated by a
00:33:25 --> 00:33:28 factor of 10 the 50 the Pock of
00:33:28 --> 00:33:31 inflation as it's called amazing and one
00:33:31 --> 00:33:33 quick one Butcher and sunny N9 months on
00:33:33 --> 00:33:35 the International Space Station and by
00:33:36 --> 00:33:38 the time this is released they might
00:33:38 --> 00:33:40 they might be back on Earth they might
00:33:40 --> 00:33:42 indeed which would be great for them it
00:33:42 --> 00:33:44 would be good to see them coming back
00:33:44 --> 00:33:48 home uh because we have had them up
00:33:48 --> 00:33:52 there since June last year yeah they're
00:33:52 --> 00:33:55 only eight and a half months late for
00:33:55 --> 00:33:58 dinner yeah I'm sure their relatives
00:33:58 --> 00:34:01 will all be delighted to see them yes I
00:34:01 --> 00:34:04 I don't doubt it and we wish them well
00:34:04 --> 00:34:06 uh we're just about done Fred thank you
00:34:06 --> 00:34:08 very much great pleasure Andrew good to
00:34:08 --> 00:34:10 talk as always and we'll see you next
00:34:10 --> 00:34:13 time we will and uh thanks to Hugh in
00:34:13 --> 00:34:15 the studio who turned up today uh he
00:34:15 --> 00:34:17 took time out of his efforts to map the
00:34:17 --> 00:34:21 universe by hand and for me for me
00:34:21 --> 00:34:22 Andrew Dunley thanks for your coming to
00:34:22 --> 00:34:24 Y don't forget to visit our website and
00:34:24 --> 00:34:26 um do a few things there or our social
00:34:26 --> 00:34:29 media sites or always uh always good fun
00:34:29 --> 00:34:31 uh but until next time thanks for your
00:34:31 --> 00:34:32 company we'll see you on the very next
00:34:32 --> 00:34:36 episode of Space Nuts bye-bye Space Nuts
00:34:36 --> 00:34:39 you'll be listening to the Space Nuts
00:34:39 --> 00:34:42 podcast available at Apple podcasts
00:34:42 --> 00:34:45 Spotify ihart radio or your favorite
00:34:45 --> 00:34:48 podcast player you can also stream on
00:34:48 --> 00:34:50 demand at bites.com this has been
00:34:50 --> 00:34:53 another quality podcast production from
00:34:53 --> 00:34:55 tes.com