SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 12
Unveiling the Mysteries of Fast Radio Bursts and Mars' Geology
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the enigmatic origins of fast radio bursts (FRBs), those mysterious cosmic phenomena that release immense energy in mere nanoseconds. Recent findings challenge existing theories about their sources, suggesting that some FRBs may originate from regions in ancient, dead galaxies, raising profound questions about the nature of these bursts and their potential as cosmic probes.
Is Mars Still Geologically Active?
A new study based on data from NASA's InSight lander indicates that Mars may still be geologically active. By analyzing marsquakes, researchers have uncovered evidence suggesting that the southern hemisphere of the Red Planet has a thicker crust and higher elevation than the northern hemisphere, providing insights into its geological history and evolution over billions of years.
Celestial Treat for Southern Hemisphere Sky Watchers
Sky watchers in the Southern Hemisphere are in for a treat as Comet C/2024 G3 Atlas dazzles with its stunning display following a close encounter with the Sun. The comet's vibrant tails and the alignment of six planets provide a spectacular opportunity for stargazers to explore the night sky.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 12 for broadcast on 27 January 2025
00:49 Mysterious origins of fast radio bursts
06:30 Evidence of geological activity on Mars
12:15 Comet C/2024 G3 Atlas and planetary alignment
18:00 New anti-clotting drugs for atrial fibrillation patients
22:45 Rare corpse flower blooms in Sydney
27:00 FDA bans controversial red dye number three
30:15 Declining trust in mainstream media
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✍️ Episode References
NASA
Australian National University
Geophysical Research Letters
https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/19447920
Royal Botanical Gardens Sydney
New England Journal of Medicine
Gallup Poll
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Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/25290011?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 this is spacetime series 28 episode 12
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 for broadcast on the 27th of January
00:00:06 --> 00:00:09 2025 coming up on SpaceTime the origins
00:00:09 --> 00:00:11 of fast radio bursts are back in
00:00:11 --> 00:00:14 question is the red planet Mars still
00:00:14 --> 00:00:17 geologically active and southern
00:00:17 --> 00:00:18 hemisphere Sky Watchers get an
00:00:18 --> 00:00:21 astronomical treat all that and more
00:00:21 --> 00:00:24 coming up on
00:00:24 --> 00:00:27 SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with
00:00:27 --> 00:00:29 steuart Gary
00:00:29 --> 00:00:36 [Music]
00:00:44 --> 00:00:46 a surprisingly new discoveries raising
00:00:46 --> 00:00:48 fresh questions about the origins of
00:00:48 --> 00:00:51 mysterious deep space blasts of energy
00:00:51 --> 00:00:54 known as fast radio bursts fast radio
00:00:54 --> 00:00:56 burst to sudden high energy flashes at
00:00:56 --> 00:00:58 very specific wavelength lasting just a
00:00:58 --> 00:01:01 few Nan seconds and originating at
00:01:01 --> 00:01:03 Cosmic distances but in that brief space
00:01:04 --> 00:01:07 of time a fast radio burst or FB can
00:01:07 --> 00:01:09 release more energy than half a billion
00:01:09 --> 00:01:12 Suns the first FB was discovered back in
00:01:12 --> 00:01:15 2007 in data from the parks radio
00:01:15 --> 00:01:17 telescope in the Central West of New
00:01:17 --> 00:01:20 South Wales since then thousands more
00:01:20 --> 00:01:22 have been detected some appear to be
00:01:22 --> 00:01:25 singular events occurring just once at a
00:01:25 --> 00:01:27 specific location and then never again
00:01:27 --> 00:01:29 and that suggested being caused by some
00:01:29 --> 00:01:31 sort of sort of cataclysmic event such
00:01:31 --> 00:01:34 as an exploding Stu or a supernova but
00:01:34 --> 00:01:36 astronomers have been detecting more and
00:01:36 --> 00:01:38 more fast radio bursts that have
00:01:38 --> 00:01:40 repeated from the same location over and
00:01:40 --> 00:01:43 over again and that suggests a very
00:01:43 --> 00:01:45 different cause feeding black holes
00:01:45 --> 00:01:47 glitching neutron stars and highly
00:01:47 --> 00:01:49 magnetized neutron stars called
00:01:49 --> 00:01:52 magnetars have all been suspected and it
00:01:52 --> 00:01:54 could be that all fast radio bursts are
00:01:54 --> 00:01:56 repeaters with some just a lot more
00:01:56 --> 00:01:59 active than others however new
00:01:59 --> 00:02:00 Observatory which were able to better
00:02:00 --> 00:02:02 pinpoint the locations of these events
00:02:03 --> 00:02:04 have now raised questions about the
00:02:04 --> 00:02:06 hypothesis that they're being caused by
00:02:06 --> 00:02:08 feeding black holes glitching neutron
00:02:08 --> 00:02:11 stars or highly magnetized neutron stars
00:02:11 --> 00:02:14 called magnetar astronomer Calvin Leong
00:02:14 --> 00:02:15 from the University of California was
00:02:15 --> 00:02:17 excited last year to Crunch data from a
00:02:17 --> 00:02:19 newly commissioned radio telescope to
00:02:19 --> 00:02:22 precisely pinpoint the origin of a fast
00:02:22 --> 00:02:26 radio burst called FB 224 0209 a which
00:02:26 --> 00:02:28 was emanating from somewhere in the
00:02:28 --> 00:02:30 northern constellation of Ura minor
00:02:30 --> 00:02:32 Leong hopes eventually to understand the
00:02:32 --> 00:02:35 origins of these mysterious bursts and
00:02:35 --> 00:02:37 used them as probes to trace the large
00:02:37 --> 00:02:39 scale structure of the universe a key to
00:02:39 --> 00:02:42 the cosmos's origins and evolution now
00:02:42 --> 00:02:44 he had written most of the computer code
00:02:44 --> 00:02:45 that allowed him and his colleagues to
00:02:45 --> 00:02:48 combine data from several telescopes in
00:02:48 --> 00:02:50 order to triangulate the position of a
00:02:50 --> 00:02:53 fast radio burst however his excitement
00:02:53 --> 00:02:55 quickly turned a perplexity when his
00:02:55 --> 00:02:56 collaborators on the Canadian hydrogen
00:02:56 --> 00:02:59 intensity mapping experiment or chime
00:02:59 --> 00:03:01 turned optic telescopes onto the site
00:03:01 --> 00:03:03 and discovered that the source was
00:03:03 --> 00:03:05 actually in the distant outskirts of a
00:03:05 --> 00:03:07 long dead elliptical galaxy that by All
00:03:07 --> 00:03:09 rights shouldn't contain a magnetar the
00:03:10 --> 00:03:11 very kind of star thought to produce
00:03:11 --> 00:03:14 these bursts the Galaxy which is more
00:03:14 --> 00:03:16 than 100 billion times the mass of our
00:03:16 --> 00:03:18 sun is located some 2 billion light
00:03:18 --> 00:03:20 years away and it's around 11.3 billion
00:03:20 --> 00:03:23 years old so any magnetize in this
00:03:23 --> 00:03:25 ancient Galaxy should have disappeared
00:03:25 --> 00:03:28 long ago now this isn't the only fast
00:03:28 --> 00:03:31 radio burst to be found in a Galaxy the
00:03:31 --> 00:03:33 burst location is surprising Galactic
00:03:33 --> 00:03:36 Halos are usually populated by the older
00:03:36 --> 00:03:38 stars and so this raises questions about
00:03:38 --> 00:03:40 how such an energetic event could occur
00:03:40 --> 00:03:42 in a region where no new stars are
00:03:42 --> 00:03:44 forming the authors have been developing
00:03:44 --> 00:03:46 a series of three companion Outrigger
00:03:46 --> 00:03:49 radio telescopes associated with chime
00:03:49 --> 00:03:51 in order to further refine the location
00:03:51 --> 00:03:53 of the burst and with this new Precision
00:03:53 --> 00:03:56 optical telescopes can quickly pivot to
00:03:56 --> 00:03:58 identify the type of star or Star groups
00:03:58 --> 00:04:00 globular clusters spiral galaxies
00:04:00 --> 00:04:02 whatever that are producing the bursts
00:04:02 --> 00:04:04 and hopefully identify the actual
00:04:04 --> 00:04:08 Stellar source of the 5 or so fibb
00:04:08 --> 00:04:11 sources detected so far 95% have been
00:04:11 --> 00:04:14 detected by chime but few of those have
00:04:14 --> 00:04:17 been isolated to anyone specific Galaxy
00:04:17 --> 00:04:19 and that's hindered efforts to confirm
00:04:19 --> 00:04:21 whether magnetar or any other type of
00:04:21 --> 00:04:22 stuff for that matter are the likely
00:04:22 --> 00:04:25 Source the new observations using two of
00:04:25 --> 00:04:28 the Outriggers suggest the source of FB
00:04:28 --> 00:04:32 20242 9A could be in a globular cluster
00:04:32 --> 00:04:35 a dense region of old dead stars outside
00:04:35 --> 00:04:37 the Galaxy now if confirmed it would
00:04:37 --> 00:04:39 make this fast radio burst only the
00:04:39 --> 00:04:41 second to be linked to a globular
00:04:41 --> 00:04:43 cluster however the other FB originating
00:04:43 --> 00:04:45 from a globular cluster was associated
00:04:45 --> 00:04:48 with a live Galaxy not an old elliptical
00:04:48 --> 00:04:50 Dead one in which star formation had
00:04:50 --> 00:04:53 ceased billions of years ago so once
00:04:53 --> 00:04:55 again the universe is proving to science
00:04:55 --> 00:04:56 that it's not just Stranger than we
00:04:56 --> 00:04:58 imagine it's Stranger than we can
00:04:58 --> 00:05:00 imagine
00:05:00 --> 00:05:03 this is spacetime still to come is the
00:05:03 --> 00:05:05 red planet Mars still geologically
00:05:05 --> 00:05:07 active a new australian-based study
00:05:07 --> 00:05:09 suggests that it is and Southern
00:05:09 --> 00:05:12 Hemisphere skywatchers experience a real
00:05:12 --> 00:05:14 astronomical treat all that and more
00:05:14 --> 00:05:20 still to come on space time
00:05:20 --> 00:05:29 [Music]
00:05:32 --> 00:05:34 a new study has raised the possibility
00:05:34 --> 00:05:35 that the red planet Mars is still
00:05:36 --> 00:05:38 geologically active the findings
00:05:38 --> 00:05:40 reported in the journal geophysical
00:05:40 --> 00:05:41 research letters are based on a new
00:05:41 --> 00:05:44 analysis of a series of Mars Quakes
00:05:44 --> 00:05:45 recorded by the seismograph aboard
00:05:45 --> 00:05:48 ness's Mars Insight Lander one of the
00:05:48 --> 00:05:50 studies's authors Professor HOV talic
00:05:50 --> 00:05:52 from the Australian National University
00:05:52 --> 00:05:54 says Mars Quakes which are similar to
00:05:54 --> 00:05:56 earthquakes could offer clues about how
00:05:56 --> 00:05:58 the red planet evolved over billions of
00:05:58 --> 00:06:00 years the find ings could hope explain
00:06:00 --> 00:06:02 why the red planet's southern hemisphere
00:06:02 --> 00:06:04 has a thicker crust and is between 5 and
00:06:05 --> 00:06:07 6 km higher in elevation compared to its
00:06:07 --> 00:06:09 northern hemisphere a phenomenon known
00:06:09 --> 00:06:12 as The Martian dichotomy in fact the
00:06:12 --> 00:06:13 difference in topography between the two
00:06:13 --> 00:06:15 Martian hemispheres is similar in height
00:06:15 --> 00:06:18 to the highest mountain ranges on Earth
00:06:18 --> 00:06:20 this difference between the two regions
00:06:20 --> 00:06:22 was likely shaped by convection the
00:06:22 --> 00:06:24 transfer of heat from one place to
00:06:24 --> 00:06:25 another in the Martian mantle over
00:06:25 --> 00:06:27 hundreds of millions to billions of
00:06:27 --> 00:06:30 years ago the mantle is the a layer of
00:06:30 --> 00:06:32 Mars sandwiched between the crust and
00:06:32 --> 00:06:34 core tulit says the difference in the
00:06:34 --> 00:06:36 red planet's hemispheres is one of the
00:06:36 --> 00:06:38 biggest mysteries in the solar system he
00:06:38 --> 00:06:40 and colleagues analyzed waveform data
00:06:40 --> 00:06:42 from lowf frequency Mars Quakes captured
00:06:42 --> 00:06:45 by the inside Lander and they located a
00:06:45 --> 00:06:47 cluster of six previously detected by
00:06:47 --> 00:06:49 unlocated m Quakes in the planet
00:06:49 --> 00:06:52 Southern Highlands teras simeria region
00:06:52 --> 00:06:54 now the data from these Mars Quakes when
00:06:54 --> 00:06:56 compared with the world documented
00:06:56 --> 00:06:58 Northern Hemisphere Mars Quakes reveal
00:06:58 --> 00:07:00 how the planet's southern hemisphere is
00:07:00 --> 00:07:01 significantly hotter compared to its
00:07:01 --> 00:07:04 northern counterpart talit says
00:07:04 --> 00:07:06 understanding weather convections taking
00:07:06 --> 00:07:08 place offers Clues as to how Mass has
00:07:08 --> 00:07:10 evolved into its current state over
00:07:10 --> 00:07:13 billions of years he says there are two
00:07:13 --> 00:07:15 competing hypotheses to try and explain
00:07:15 --> 00:07:17 the origins of Mars's dichotomy the
00:07:17 --> 00:07:19 first referred to as the endogenic
00:07:19 --> 00:07:21 hypothesis States convection in the red
00:07:21 --> 00:07:24 planet's interior formed the dichotomy
00:07:24 --> 00:07:26 the second known as the exogenic
00:07:26 --> 00:07:28 hypothesis believes astronomical events
00:07:28 --> 00:07:30 shape the planet's atmospherical
00:07:30 --> 00:07:31 differences in other words the northern
00:07:31 --> 00:07:33 lowlands were caused by a big asteroid
00:07:33 --> 00:07:35 impact these new research findings
00:07:35 --> 00:07:37 provide the first observational evidence
00:07:37 --> 00:07:40 supporting the endogenic hypothesis but
00:07:40 --> 00:07:42 just getting there has been a real feat
00:07:42 --> 00:07:44 see on Earth there are thousands of
00:07:44 --> 00:07:46 seismic stations scattered all around
00:07:46 --> 00:07:48 the planet so it's easy to triangulate
00:07:48 --> 00:07:50 exactly where a specific earthquake took
00:07:50 --> 00:07:52 place but on Mars there was only ever
00:07:52 --> 00:07:55 the one single seismic station Insight
00:07:55 --> 00:07:58 which operated between 2018 and 2022
00:07:58 --> 00:08:00 when dust covered it solar panels
00:08:00 --> 00:08:02 finally brought the mission to an end
00:08:02 --> 00:08:06 our findings have two particular aspects
00:08:06 --> 00:08:09 and the first one is that we discovered
00:08:09 --> 00:08:12 uh new locations for already identified
00:08:12 --> 00:08:15 Mar Quakes that were available in the
00:08:15 --> 00:08:18 marqu catalog but their locations were
00:08:18 --> 00:08:22 not known and we identified a cluster of
00:08:22 --> 00:08:24 six marsquakes in the southern
00:08:24 --> 00:08:26 hemisphere of Mars namely in the
00:08:26 --> 00:08:29 Southern Highland and secondly we
00:08:29 --> 00:08:32 compared the characteristics of the
00:08:32 --> 00:08:35 seismic waves propagating from those new
00:08:35 --> 00:08:37 Mas Quakes in the south of the inside
00:08:38 --> 00:08:41 Lander with those from the M Quakes that
00:08:41 --> 00:08:43 were relatively well documented from the
00:08:44 --> 00:08:46 north of that Lander and we found the
00:08:46 --> 00:08:50 differences in the way the these seismic
00:08:50 --> 00:08:53 waves propagate which we attributed to
00:08:53 --> 00:08:56 the differences in the temperature
00:08:56 --> 00:08:59 between two sides of Mars South and
00:08:59 --> 00:09:02 north of that dichotomy border we know
00:09:02 --> 00:09:05 that our own Moon still has a a semi
00:09:05 --> 00:09:08 liquid core do your findings suggest
00:09:08 --> 00:09:10 that the same could be happening on Mars
00:09:10 --> 00:09:12 that there may still be some degree of
00:09:12 --> 00:09:14 fluidity in the Martian core or at least
00:09:14 --> 00:09:17 in the core mantle boundary area well
00:09:17 --> 00:09:19 that's a good question but I wouldn't go
00:09:19 --> 00:09:22 that far to interpret the Martian core
00:09:22 --> 00:09:25 based on our data although what we find
00:09:25 --> 00:09:28 is that the termal differences exist
00:09:28 --> 00:09:31 between the two to hemispheres that are
00:09:31 --> 00:09:33 significant and that's based on our
00:09:33 --> 00:09:36 measurement of the so-called seismic
00:09:36 --> 00:09:38 attenuation the way that the seismic
00:09:38 --> 00:09:42 wave energy weakens as the seismic waves
00:09:42 --> 00:09:44 are move through the Maran interior so
00:09:44 --> 00:09:45 the temperature difference is
00:09:45 --> 00:09:48 significant and remember that the Mars
00:09:48 --> 00:09:51 doesn't have the pl tectonic so if
00:09:51 --> 00:09:54 anything then it's really just a thermal
00:09:54 --> 00:09:57 factors that contribute to the Martian
00:09:57 --> 00:10:00 Dynamics as opposed to the Earth where
00:10:00 --> 00:10:02 you have both compositional and thermal
00:10:02 --> 00:10:05 effects so I wouldn't go that far to
00:10:05 --> 00:10:08 interpret the Martian core yet based on
00:10:08 --> 00:10:10 these findings but there are seismic
00:10:10 --> 00:10:14 data that suggest that the Maran core is
00:10:14 --> 00:10:16 in is in a liquid state indeed a lot of
00:10:16 --> 00:10:19 marsquake data that we've received from
00:10:19 --> 00:10:21 insight has resulted from asteroid
00:10:21 --> 00:10:23 impacts on the Martian surface other
00:10:23 --> 00:10:26 data has resulted from the thus region
00:10:26 --> 00:10:29 where we know there's been volcanic
00:10:29 --> 00:10:32 activity in the geologically recent past
00:10:32 --> 00:10:35 so it's all seems to be pointing to Mars
00:10:35 --> 00:10:37 still being geologically alive at least
00:10:37 --> 00:10:40 to some degree does that correspond with
00:10:40 --> 00:10:41 what you're finding in this new data
00:10:41 --> 00:10:43 from the southern hemisphere uh it might
00:10:43 --> 00:10:46 as well be I mean we we had another
00:10:46 --> 00:10:48 paper a couple of years ago where we
00:10:48 --> 00:10:50 found the repetitive marsquakes which
00:10:50 --> 00:10:53 are very similar to what happens on the
00:10:53 --> 00:10:56 some volcanoes on the earth and our
00:10:57 --> 00:10:59 conclusion back then was that Mar might
00:10:59 --> 00:11:02 have a Mobile interior based on on that
00:11:02 --> 00:11:05 behavior of the repeating M Quakes but
00:11:05 --> 00:11:07 you also mentioned the meterorite
00:11:07 --> 00:11:10 impacts and interestingly in this
00:11:10 --> 00:11:13 particular work we use meteorite impacts
00:11:13 --> 00:11:16 as sort of ground through location to
00:11:16 --> 00:11:18 test our method in other words how well
00:11:18 --> 00:11:21 we can actually locate these new or
00:11:21 --> 00:11:24 previously documented marsquakes for
00:11:24 --> 00:11:26 which the locations were not known so
00:11:26 --> 00:11:28 when we applied a method to this
00:11:28 --> 00:11:30 meteorite impact we were able to
00:11:31 --> 00:11:33 demonstrate that our locations are very
00:11:33 --> 00:11:36 close to the locations of the impact
00:11:36 --> 00:11:39 that that we recorded by orbital cameras
00:11:39 --> 00:11:41 and therefore we can use them to test
00:11:41 --> 00:11:44 our methods so meteorite impacts are
00:11:44 --> 00:11:47 extremely useful to us not only to
00:11:47 --> 00:11:49 verify the method but of course they
00:11:49 --> 00:11:52 also generate seismic waves that Ripple
00:11:52 --> 00:11:54 through the Maring interior and are
00:11:54 --> 00:11:56 eventually recorded So they are
00:11:56 --> 00:11:58 extremely useful to us what sort of
00:11:58 --> 00:12:01 thing would cause the Martian dichotomy
00:12:01 --> 00:12:03 that we see on the red planet we have a
00:12:03 --> 00:12:06 a very broad mostly flat Northern
00:12:06 --> 00:12:08 Hemisphere and a higher altitude
00:12:08 --> 00:12:11 mountainous and rugged terrain southern
00:12:11 --> 00:12:12 hemisphere what sort of things cause
00:12:12 --> 00:12:15 that well as you probably know there are
00:12:15 --> 00:12:18 two existing hypothesis on that there
00:12:18 --> 00:12:20 are competing hypothesis and I would say
00:12:20 --> 00:12:22 that our research and our newly
00:12:22 --> 00:12:25 published paper is the right step in you
00:12:25 --> 00:12:27 know in the right direction but I would
00:12:27 --> 00:12:30 say that debate will still going on for
00:12:30 --> 00:12:33 a while so just to remind you the
00:12:33 --> 00:12:36 so-called endogenic CAE would mean that
00:12:36 --> 00:12:40 the debate was generated by the internal
00:12:40 --> 00:12:42 forces of Mars perhaps a different style
00:12:42 --> 00:12:45 of convection in the past that was
00:12:45 --> 00:12:48 frozen and that manifest itself as the
00:12:48 --> 00:12:51 Martian dichotomy and that means not
00:12:51 --> 00:12:53 only the difference in the elevation uh
00:12:53 --> 00:12:55 which is quite striking 5 to six
00:12:55 --> 00:12:57 kilometers between the North and the
00:12:57 --> 00:13:00 South but also the thicker crust in the
00:13:00 --> 00:13:03 South and also the evidence of
00:13:03 --> 00:13:06 magnetized rocks in the South whereas
00:13:06 --> 00:13:09 the northern part uh seems to be lacking
00:13:09 --> 00:13:11 that signature so that's the endogenic
00:13:11 --> 00:13:13 hypothesis and then of course the
00:13:13 --> 00:13:16 exogenic that dichotomy might have
00:13:16 --> 00:13:20 resulted from giant uh either a giant
00:13:20 --> 00:13:22 impact of a or a series of smaller
00:13:22 --> 00:13:25 impact from space in the past so these
00:13:25 --> 00:13:27 are the two existing and the two
00:13:27 --> 00:13:31 competing Hy hypthesis and our findings
00:13:31 --> 00:13:34 are very much in line with the endogenic
00:13:34 --> 00:13:36 cause or the internal forces within the
00:13:36 --> 00:13:39 Mars that generated and shaped the D
00:13:39 --> 00:13:41 cosy that we see today what would you
00:13:41 --> 00:13:44 like to see happen next oh that's not
00:13:44 --> 00:13:46 very difficult to guess I would like to
00:13:46 --> 00:13:50 see more Landers carrying a seismometer
00:13:50 --> 00:13:54 we've seen from inside that it is uh
00:13:54 --> 00:13:57 with with a careful planning it is
00:13:57 --> 00:13:59 really possible to get out sending data
00:13:59 --> 00:14:04 set almost 4 years about 1 Mar
00:14:04 --> 00:14:07 Quakes if I'm not mistaken so I would
00:14:07 --> 00:14:09 say that Insight really is a prototype
00:14:09 --> 00:14:11 for future missions and I would really
00:14:11 --> 00:14:13 like to see more data on the Marin
00:14:13 --> 00:14:16 surface not just seismological data but
00:14:16 --> 00:14:19 any sort of geophysical and astronomical
00:14:19 --> 00:14:22 instrument or equipment you can
00:14:22 --> 00:14:25 imagine this this cluster of six events
00:14:25 --> 00:14:28 that we found in terraia has been
00:14:28 --> 00:14:32 previous identified in terms of M Quakes
00:14:32 --> 00:14:34 occuring and being recorded but they
00:14:34 --> 00:14:37 were not attempted to be located because
00:14:37 --> 00:14:39 the data quality is quite poor and so
00:14:39 --> 00:14:43 what we have done differently here we
00:14:43 --> 00:14:45 introduced several methods that are
00:14:45 --> 00:14:48 readily used in Exploration seismology
00:14:48 --> 00:14:50 here on Earth and when we apply these
00:14:50 --> 00:14:53 methods to the location because as you
00:14:53 --> 00:14:55 know we cannot perform a triangulation
00:14:55 --> 00:14:57 on Mars we don't have more than a single
00:14:57 --> 00:14:59 instrument so we have to be Innovative
00:14:59 --> 00:15:02 in the way that we locate marsquakes and
00:15:02 --> 00:15:04 when we apply this method that allowed
00:15:05 --> 00:15:08 us not only to locate these the cluster
00:15:08 --> 00:15:12 of six marsquakes in terraia but also to
00:15:12 --> 00:15:15 estimate the uncertainty I would say in
00:15:15 --> 00:15:18 a more robust way because we applied
00:15:18 --> 00:15:19 several methods that raises a good
00:15:19 --> 00:15:21 question how does one triangulate a
00:15:21 --> 00:15:24 location when you've only got one
00:15:24 --> 00:15:26 collection Point sure that forces you to
00:15:26 --> 00:15:29 be very Innovative and I should say that
00:15:29 --> 00:15:31 we do that on Earth as well in some
00:15:31 --> 00:15:34 remote areas where we have a let's say a
00:15:34 --> 00:15:36 very small earthquake and a single
00:15:36 --> 00:15:38 instrument so the first thing you need
00:15:38 --> 00:15:42 to do is to identify both P and S waves
00:15:42 --> 00:15:45 so the compressional and sheer waves
00:15:45 --> 00:15:47 compressional waves uh move faster than
00:15:47 --> 00:15:50 the than the sheer waves so from the
00:15:50 --> 00:15:52 difference uh between the two and
00:15:52 --> 00:15:55 knowing how quickly they move through
00:15:55 --> 00:15:57 the Earth interior or the Mars interior
00:15:57 --> 00:15:59 you can determine the distance to
00:15:59 --> 00:16:02 earthquake but that's just the distance
00:16:02 --> 00:16:04 it can be any anywhere on a circle and
00:16:05 --> 00:16:06 normally you would use several
00:16:06 --> 00:16:08 instruments to triangulate but in this
00:16:08 --> 00:16:11 case we have to rely also on the ground
00:16:11 --> 00:16:14 motion and from the ground motion the
00:16:14 --> 00:16:17 direction of the particles of the ground
00:16:17 --> 00:16:21 and how they move when the seismic waves
00:16:21 --> 00:16:24 pass through we can also determine the
00:16:24 --> 00:16:26 the azimut or the so-called back azimut
00:16:27 --> 00:16:29 of an earthquake and this is the
00:16:29 --> 00:16:31 basically the method that is used so
00:16:31 --> 00:16:33 determine the distance from the
00:16:33 --> 00:16:36 difference of pns waves and determine
00:16:36 --> 00:16:38 the azimut or the beim based on the
00:16:38 --> 00:16:41 ground motion that's Professor hiic from
00:16:41 --> 00:16:44 the Australian National University and
00:16:44 --> 00:16:46 this is space time still to come the
00:16:47 --> 00:16:48 southern hemisphere skywatchers get an
00:16:48 --> 00:16:50 astronomical treat and later in the
00:16:50 --> 00:16:52 science report a rare corpse flower has
00:16:52 --> 00:16:55 burst into bloom in Sydney's Royal
00:16:55 --> 00:16:57 Botanical Gardens all that and more
00:16:57 --> 00:17:04 still to come on SpaceTime
00:17:04 --> 00:17:11 [Music]
00:17:14 --> 00:17:16 time Sky Watchers in the southern
00:17:16 --> 00:17:17 hemisphere are enjoying a Celestial
00:17:17 --> 00:17:20 spectacular right now with the comet C
00:17:20 --> 00:17:23 2024 G3 Atlas putting on a stunning
00:17:23 --> 00:17:25 display following its close encounter
00:17:25 --> 00:17:27 with the sun last week the bright Comet
00:17:27 --> 00:17:29 surg through images is taken by The
00:17:29 --> 00:17:32 Joint Nasa European Space Agency solar
00:17:32 --> 00:17:34 and heliospheric Observatory spacecraft
00:17:34 --> 00:17:37 Soho Atlas made its closest approach to
00:17:37 --> 00:17:40 the sun perhelion on January the 13th
00:17:40 --> 00:17:43 soaring a me 13 million kilm above the
00:17:43 --> 00:17:45 solar surface that's just 9% of the
00:17:45 --> 00:17:48 average Earth Sun distance and exposes
00:17:48 --> 00:17:51 the icy Comet to incredible amounts of
00:17:51 --> 00:17:53 heat and that releases lots of volatile
00:17:53 --> 00:17:55 gases increasing the size of its coma
00:17:56 --> 00:17:58 and Tails images of the close encounter
00:17:58 --> 00:18:00 were captured by Soho's large angle and
00:18:00 --> 00:18:02 spectrometric chonograph instrument
00:18:02 --> 00:18:04 Lasco which uses a disc to cover the
00:18:04 --> 00:18:06 sun's surface revealing the finite
00:18:06 --> 00:18:09 details of the solar atmosphere Corona
00:18:09 --> 00:18:11 the comet was first detected back in
00:18:11 --> 00:18:13 April last year by the asteroid
00:18:13 --> 00:18:15 terrestrial impact last alert system or
00:18:15 --> 00:18:18 Atlas survey lasos helped discover over
00:18:18 --> 00:18:21 5 comets as they fly past the sun
00:18:21 --> 00:18:24 Carl badams Lasco principal investigator
00:18:24 --> 00:18:25 at the United States Naval Research lab
00:18:26 --> 00:18:28 in Washington DC processed some of the
00:18:28 --> 00:18:30 images to bring out finer details of the
00:18:30 --> 00:18:32 comet's tals when bright comets like
00:18:32 --> 00:18:34 Atlas pass close to the Sun their tails
00:18:34 --> 00:18:37 often react to fluctuations in the solar
00:18:37 --> 00:18:38 wind the constant stream of charged
00:18:38 --> 00:18:41 particles flowing out from the Sun heloh
00:18:41 --> 00:18:43 physicists can study the reaction of the
00:18:43 --> 00:18:45 tals to better understand the sun's
00:18:45 --> 00:18:46 effects on its neighborhood and comets
00:18:46 --> 00:18:49 passing nearby while it was briefly
00:18:49 --> 00:18:51 visible in the northern hemisphere Skies
00:18:51 --> 00:18:53 just after Sunset near perah helion
00:18:53 --> 00:18:55 Comet Atlas is now slowly receding from
00:18:55 --> 00:18:57 the Sun and it's best seen from the
00:18:57 --> 00:18:58 southern hemisphere where the comet it's
00:18:58 --> 00:19:01 moving into darker night skies and it's
00:19:01 --> 00:19:03 proving a spectacular sight just above
00:19:03 --> 00:19:06 the Horizon however there are signs
00:19:06 --> 00:19:08 starting to appear that the comet may
00:19:08 --> 00:19:09 have broken up following its close
00:19:09 --> 00:19:12 encounter with the sun and if that is
00:19:12 --> 00:19:13 the case it'll probably fade rapidly in
00:19:14 --> 00:19:14 coming
00:19:14 --> 00:19:17 days now adding to the display was the
00:19:17 --> 00:19:19 site of no less than six planets from
00:19:19 --> 00:19:21 our solar system all lining up together
00:19:21 --> 00:19:24 as seen from Earth this wonderful
00:19:24 --> 00:19:26 planetary parade included Venus Mars
00:19:26 --> 00:19:28 Jupiter and Saturn all visible to the
00:19:28 --> 00:19:30 the uned eye this month and for the
00:19:30 --> 00:19:33 start of February meanwhile Uranus and
00:19:33 --> 00:19:34 Neptune can also be spotted but you'll
00:19:34 --> 00:19:37 need binoculars to do that and faint
00:19:37 --> 00:19:39 Mercury set to join the parade as a
00:19:39 --> 00:19:41 bonus seventh planet at the end of
00:19:41 --> 00:19:43 February all in all a spectacular time
00:19:43 --> 00:19:46 to study the night skies this is
00:19:46 --> 00:19:48 spacetime
00:19:48 --> 00:20:03 [Music]
00:20:03 --> 00:20:04 and time now to take a brief look at
00:20:04 --> 00:20:06 some of the other stories making news in
00:20:06 --> 00:20:09 science this week with a science report
00:20:09 --> 00:20:11 scientists have developed a new class of
00:20:11 --> 00:20:13 anticlotting blood thinning drugs for
00:20:13 --> 00:20:16 patients with atal fibrillation atrial
00:20:16 --> 00:20:18 fibrillation is a persistent
00:20:18 --> 00:20:20 non-rhythmic beating of the heart that
00:20:20 --> 00:20:22 causes turbulence within blood vessels
00:20:22 --> 00:20:25 and that can lead to blood clotting the
00:20:25 --> 00:20:26 new drug appears to work significantly
00:20:27 --> 00:20:28 better at reducing bleeding events
00:20:28 --> 00:20:31 compared to the standard treatments
00:20:31 --> 00:20:33 people with atrial fibrillation are
00:20:33 --> 00:20:35 typically prescribed anti-coagulants or
00:20:35 --> 00:20:36 blood thinners in order to reduce the
00:20:36 --> 00:20:39 risk of a stroke but many discontinue
00:20:39 --> 00:20:41 them or never receive the prescriptions
00:20:41 --> 00:20:43 due to concerns of an increased risk of
00:20:43 --> 00:20:46 bleeding complications but simply if
00:20:46 --> 00:20:47 you're on one of these drugs and you cut
00:20:47 --> 00:20:50 yourself while shaving it never heals
00:20:50 --> 00:20:52 now a report in the New England Journal
00:20:52 --> 00:20:54 of Medicine has evaluated a new class of
00:20:54 --> 00:20:56 anticoagulants known as Factory living
00:20:56 --> 00:20:58 Inhibitors finding that aism AB
00:20:58 --> 00:21:00 significantly reduced bleeding compared
00:21:00 --> 00:21:02 to a standard of Care anti-coagulant
00:21:02 --> 00:21:05 River roxan see the problem is the risk
00:21:05 --> 00:21:07 of stroke increases significantly in
00:21:07 --> 00:21:08 patients with atrial fibrillation
00:21:08 --> 00:21:10 because blood clots form in the heart
00:21:10 --> 00:21:12 chambers and this can be pumped to the
00:21:12 --> 00:21:14 brain causing a stroke the authors
00:21:14 --> 00:21:18 enrolled 1287 participants from 95 study
00:21:18 --> 00:21:20 sites around the world they found that a
00:21:20 --> 00:21:23 150 migr dose of aisb reduced bleeding
00:21:23 --> 00:21:25 that required hospitalization or medical
00:21:25 --> 00:21:29 attention by 62% compared to River Vox
00:21:29 --> 00:21:31 and a 90 mg dose reduced the same types
00:21:31 --> 00:21:34 of bleeding by
00:21:34 --> 00:21:37 69% more than 20 people have lined
00:21:37 --> 00:21:39 up in Sydney's Royal Botanical Gardens
00:21:39 --> 00:21:41 to get a glimpse of a rare corpse flower
00:21:41 --> 00:21:44 which has finally burst into bloom the
00:21:44 --> 00:21:46 IND dangered plantet whose scientific
00:21:46 --> 00:21:48 name is amorphous titanium has the
00:21:48 --> 00:21:50 biggest most pungent flower spike in the
00:21:50 --> 00:21:52 world and it smells like old wet socks
00:21:52 --> 00:21:55 or Rotting Flesh while blooming the
00:21:55 --> 00:21:57 plant which is native to Western Samaran
00:21:57 --> 00:22:00 rainforests only blooms once every 15
00:22:00 --> 00:22:02 years and that bloom only lasts between
00:22:02 --> 00:22:05 24 and 36 hours the plant normally
00:22:05 --> 00:22:07 thrives in Shady moist and warm
00:22:08 --> 00:22:11 conditions at about 22° C and 75%
00:22:11 --> 00:22:13 humidity estimates suggest there are
00:22:13 --> 00:22:15 less than a th000 specimens left in the
00:22:15 --> 00:22:18 wild and so samples have been placed in
00:22:18 --> 00:22:20 botanical gardens around the world in
00:22:20 --> 00:22:22 order to keep the species alive this is
00:22:23 --> 00:22:24 the fifth corpse flower to bloom at the
00:22:24 --> 00:22:27 Sydney Gardens and follows predecessors
00:22:27 --> 00:22:32 in 2010 2008 2004 and a double bloom in
00:22:32 --> 00:22:35 2006 the US Food and Drug Administration
00:22:35 --> 00:22:37 has finally announced the ban on red D
00:22:37 --> 00:22:39 number three a controversial Food and
00:22:39 --> 00:22:42 Drug coloring long known to cause cancer
00:22:42 --> 00:22:43 the chemical which is also known as
00:22:43 --> 00:22:46 eosine has long been banned in most
00:22:46 --> 00:22:48 countries but has remained in use in
00:22:48 --> 00:22:50 some 3 food products in the United
00:22:50 --> 00:22:53 States the long overdue decision follows
00:22:53 --> 00:22:55 Decades of scientific evidence in fact
00:22:55 --> 00:22:58 back in 1990 the FDA determined that red
00:22:58 --> 00:23:00 3 should be banned from Cosmetics
00:23:00 --> 00:23:03 because of its link to thyroid cancer
00:23:03 --> 00:23:05 however the additive continue to be used
00:23:05 --> 00:23:07 in foods largely due to strong
00:23:07 --> 00:23:08 resistance from the food industry in
00:23:09 --> 00:23:10 America such as the manufacturers of
00:23:10 --> 00:23:13 marish cherries who relied on red 3 to
00:23:13 --> 00:23:15 maintain the iconic red Hue of their
00:23:15 --> 00:23:18 products it's also used in thousands of
00:23:18 --> 00:23:20 candies snacks Fruit Products and
00:23:20 --> 00:23:22 medicines the European Union banned its
00:23:22 --> 00:23:25 use in 1994 with similar prohibitions
00:23:25 --> 00:23:28 enforced in Australia Japan China the UK
00:23:28 --> 00:23:31 and New Zealand however even now the
00:23:31 --> 00:23:33 American ban won't be immediate
00:23:33 --> 00:23:35 manufacturers will have until 2028 to
00:23:35 --> 00:23:38 reformulate their
00:23:38 --> 00:23:40 products United States studies show that
00:23:40 --> 00:23:42 Global trusted news organizations and
00:23:42 --> 00:23:44 mainstream media reporting has now
00:23:44 --> 00:23:46 reached its lowest level for decades in
00:23:46 --> 00:23:50 the developed World a 2024 Gallup poll
00:23:50 --> 00:23:52 has found that the Legacy news media is
00:23:52 --> 00:23:54 the least trusted group among 10 US
00:23:54 --> 00:23:56 Civic and political institutions
00:23:56 --> 00:23:58 involved in the Democratic process and
00:23:58 --> 00:24:01 of course it's not just America here in
00:24:01 --> 00:24:03 Australia we've seen how the ABC lied to
00:24:03 --> 00:24:05 the public in their reporting of the hon
00:24:05 --> 00:24:07 Russell case where they've been forced
00:24:07 --> 00:24:08 to pay
00:24:08 --> 00:24:10 $390 in Damages that's taxpayer
00:24:10 --> 00:24:12 money of course to the former highly
00:24:12 --> 00:24:14 decorated Army Commando after they
00:24:14 --> 00:24:17 deliberately fabricated their story then
00:24:17 --> 00:24:19 there were the false allegations made by
00:24:19 --> 00:24:21 the ABC against George pel who was later
00:24:21 --> 00:24:23 found to be completely Innocent by the
00:24:23 --> 00:24:25 high court of Australia and of course
00:24:25 --> 00:24:27 there was the ABC's three-part Trump
00:24:27 --> 00:24:30 Russian collu H story which the FBI
00:24:30 --> 00:24:32 found to be untrue and invented by
00:24:32 --> 00:24:33 lawyers working for Hillary Clinton to
00:24:34 --> 00:24:35 take attention away from a classified
00:24:35 --> 00:24:38 email Scandal and it's not just
00:24:38 --> 00:24:40 Australia it's the same all over the
00:24:40 --> 00:24:44 world the BBC CNN MSNBC The Washington
00:24:44 --> 00:24:47 Post the New York Times Al jazer PBS NPR
00:24:47 --> 00:24:50 the list goes on all are losing ratings
00:24:50 --> 00:24:53 and subscriptions because the public now
00:24:53 --> 00:24:55 know the mainstream media are not
00:24:55 --> 00:24:56 telling the facts they're not letting
00:24:56 --> 00:24:58 the truth get in the way of a good or
00:24:58 --> 00:25:01 politically biased story instead of
00:25:01 --> 00:25:03 reporting just the facts with balance
00:25:03 --> 00:25:05 and without bias and they letting the
00:25:05 --> 00:25:07 public make up their own minds these
00:25:07 --> 00:25:09 days journalists are editorializing
00:25:09 --> 00:25:11 their stories telling the audience what
00:25:11 --> 00:25:13 they should think and why but with the
00:25:14 --> 00:25:16 dawn of social media providing so many
00:25:16 --> 00:25:17 different perspectives and exposing
00:25:17 --> 00:25:19 traditional mainstream media's lies
00:25:19 --> 00:25:22 trust in Legacy Media has been badly
00:25:22 --> 00:25:24 eroded and in fact it looks like it may
00:25:24 --> 00:25:27 now be gone for good Tim menum from
00:25:27 --> 00:25:29 Australian Skeptics says this is not new
00:25:29 --> 00:25:31 mainstream media's credibility has been
00:25:31 --> 00:25:34 diminishing for years mainstream media
00:25:34 --> 00:25:36 might recover by telling the truth might
00:25:36 --> 00:25:38 concept yes I mean you know media is
00:25:38 --> 00:25:40 biased from two points of view it's
00:25:40 --> 00:25:41 obviously it can be biased because of
00:25:41 --> 00:25:44 the just political and social leanings
00:25:44 --> 00:25:45 of the management and the people who
00:25:45 --> 00:25:47 work for it that means everything they
00:25:47 --> 00:25:50 say media's always been biased it's we
00:25:50 --> 00:25:52 had we had this unique period in the 6s
00:25:52 --> 00:25:55 and70s where the bias stopped for a
00:25:55 --> 00:25:57 while but it's come back it's come back
00:25:57 --> 00:25:59 with a force it if it stopped entirely
00:25:59 --> 00:26:01 either way the second thing is is the
00:26:01 --> 00:26:03 natural inbuilt bias to reporting in
00:26:03 --> 00:26:04 journalism where you can't possibly
00:26:04 --> 00:26:06 report everything within a story you
00:26:06 --> 00:26:08 can't report every story for a start and
00:26:08 --> 00:26:09 you can't report everything within a
00:26:09 --> 00:26:12 story so there's a selective nature of
00:26:12 --> 00:26:13 reporting it's just inbuilt there's
00:26:13 --> 00:26:14 nothing you can do about that and the
00:26:14 --> 00:26:16 question is what do they keep in what do
00:26:16 --> 00:26:17 they keep out hopefully they keep in the
00:26:18 --> 00:26:20 most pertinent bits but not always
00:26:20 --> 00:26:21 sometimes they keep in the bits that
00:26:21 --> 00:26:23 sell a story and they leave out the
00:26:23 --> 00:26:25 unnecessary detail that's got to
00:26:25 --> 00:26:26 counteracts what they're trying to sell
00:26:26 --> 00:26:28 so people don't trust what they it
00:26:28 --> 00:26:29 because they don't believe it they don't
00:26:29 --> 00:26:31 believe it for because they're told not
00:26:31 --> 00:26:32 to believe it or they don't believe it
00:26:33 --> 00:26:34 because they've had personal experience
00:26:34 --> 00:26:37 and they know how wrong a story can be
00:26:37 --> 00:26:38 most of us who have been interviewed for
00:26:38 --> 00:26:40 a story know there's always a mistake
00:26:40 --> 00:26:41 there somewhere yeah you don't want to
00:26:41 --> 00:26:43 see how the sausage is made do you not
00:26:43 --> 00:26:45 particularly no I mean well most people
00:26:46 --> 00:26:47 only see the outcome of Journalism they
00:26:47 --> 00:26:49 never see how a journalist works for me
00:26:49 --> 00:26:51 the BBC lost all credibility when I was
00:26:51 --> 00:26:54 working at the Abc I was the night
00:26:54 --> 00:26:56 anchor on news radio and we had this one
00:26:56 --> 00:26:58 story I forgot if it was from Reuters or
00:26:58 --> 00:27:00 AFP but it was a wire story and it
00:27:00 --> 00:27:02 simply pointed out that the crews aboard
00:27:02 --> 00:27:05 the raw Navy ships in the Gulf War had
00:27:05 --> 00:27:06 asked there and their Captain had agreed
00:27:06 --> 00:27:08 to it had asked their commanders to
00:27:08 --> 00:27:11 switch from the BBC coverage to the sky
00:27:11 --> 00:27:13 news coverage this is UK Sky News not
00:27:13 --> 00:27:15 not the Australian version and the
00:27:15 --> 00:27:17 reason they did that was because what
00:27:17 --> 00:27:19 they were experiencing in the Gulf War
00:27:19 --> 00:27:22 didn't match what the BBC were reporting
00:27:22 --> 00:27:25 yeah and when Ground truth doesn't match
00:27:25 --> 00:27:28 what you're seeing or hearing or reading
00:27:28 --> 00:27:30 then that's when credibility goes and
00:27:30 --> 00:27:32 you can almost never get that back yes I
00:27:32 --> 00:27:33 agree there's also very common thing
00:27:33 --> 00:27:35 these Cas of course with the electronic
00:27:35 --> 00:27:38 media and TV 24-hour news and the online
00:27:38 --> 00:27:40 news that people have to get a story out
00:27:40 --> 00:27:42 there as quickly as possible to beat the
00:27:42 --> 00:27:44 opposition and that means a story can
00:27:44 --> 00:27:46 run without proper checking it happens
00:27:46 --> 00:27:47 all the time of course and happens a lot
00:27:47 --> 00:27:49 with social media and things like that a
00:27:49 --> 00:27:51 rumor is as good as a reporting story
00:27:51 --> 00:27:53 apparently and it just runs and often
00:27:53 --> 00:27:54 it's hard to counteract even when you
00:27:54 --> 00:27:56 find out the truth so there's major
00:27:56 --> 00:27:58 issues always with journalism increased
00:27:58 --> 00:28:00 with with technology there also been
00:28:00 --> 00:28:02 increased because of this technology
00:28:02 --> 00:28:04 with approaches by journalists who want
00:28:04 --> 00:28:06 to make their name I mean one is the
00:28:06 --> 00:28:08 what I call the shark pack which means
00:28:08 --> 00:28:10 one journalist takes an attitude towards
00:28:10 --> 00:28:12 a particular story and everyone follows
00:28:12 --> 00:28:14 it regardless of how true that original
00:28:14 --> 00:28:16 approach is the other one is the classic
00:28:16 --> 00:28:18 gotcha moment where someone sort of
00:28:18 --> 00:28:19 throws in a curly question and if you
00:28:19 --> 00:28:23 can't answer bread or py whatever things
00:28:23 --> 00:28:25 like that you know and if you can't
00:28:25 --> 00:28:27 answer it straight away you you Bumble
00:28:27 --> 00:28:29 and Mumble and you look for like ah this
00:28:29 --> 00:28:30 person doesn't know anything it's futile
00:28:31 --> 00:28:32 it's point you know how you get over
00:28:32 --> 00:28:35 that and I've I've been in a situation
00:28:35 --> 00:28:37 where I've been live on air and the
00:28:37 --> 00:28:39 anchor of the show asked me a g a
00:28:39 --> 00:28:41 question like that and I simply look I
00:28:41 --> 00:28:42 don't know I'll have to get back to you
00:28:42 --> 00:28:44 on that it's really simple it doesn't
00:28:45 --> 00:28:46 make you an idiot there's a lot of
00:28:46 --> 00:28:48 journalists who are quite sincere try
00:28:48 --> 00:28:50 and do their work they stying in many
00:28:50 --> 00:28:51 ways especially these days with
00:28:51 --> 00:28:53 journalist numbers being cut back and
00:28:53 --> 00:28:54 therefore each journalist has to do a
00:28:54 --> 00:28:56 lot more stories the court reporter is
00:28:56 --> 00:28:58 also doing science reports which
00:28:58 --> 00:29:00 simply know anything they've always had
00:29:00 --> 00:29:02 that but yeah certain areas you have few
00:29:03 --> 00:29:04 journalists who are qualified to do
00:29:04 --> 00:29:05 something but anyway some people suggest
00:29:05 --> 00:29:07 almost naively I had a story in front of
00:29:07 --> 00:29:10 me by a professor of media studies
00:29:10 --> 00:29:12 journalism suggesting that one way to
00:29:12 --> 00:29:14 restore trust is by what he calls
00:29:14 --> 00:29:16 solidarity journalism which actually
00:29:16 --> 00:29:19 means going to the source of information
00:29:19 --> 00:29:20 and treating them respectfully and
00:29:20 --> 00:29:22 hearing their point of view rather than
00:29:22 --> 00:29:24 coming in for a fly in fly out sort of
00:29:24 --> 00:29:26 story reporting and often taking the
00:29:26 --> 00:29:28 most Sensational approaches well and
00:29:28 --> 00:29:31 good but in a 24-hour news cycle 5sec
00:29:31 --> 00:29:34 grabs shortage of Staff that's a nice
00:29:34 --> 00:29:36 ideal and unfortunately it doesn't work
00:29:36 --> 00:29:38 which means that journalism is having a
00:29:38 --> 00:29:39 hard time which means people don't trust
00:29:39 --> 00:29:40 journalists then again they haven't
00:29:40 --> 00:29:42 people haven't trusted journalists for a
00:29:42 --> 00:29:43 long time they've been putting the same
00:29:43 --> 00:29:46 basket as use car sales use use car
00:29:46 --> 00:29:48 salesman and politicians basically so
00:29:48 --> 00:29:49 they they're tied to that prodction to
00:29:49 --> 00:29:51 get over it tell the truth simply
00:29:51 --> 00:29:53 straightforward it's very sad when you
00:29:53 --> 00:29:55 think of how often credible journalists
00:29:56 --> 00:29:58 have died because they put truth to
00:29:58 --> 00:30:00 power yeah absolutely that's Tim mum
00:30:00 --> 00:30:04 from Australian
00:30:04 --> 00:30:16 [Music]
00:30:16 --> 00:30:19 Skeptics and that's the show for now
00:30:19 --> 00:30:21 SpaceTime is available every Monday
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