00:00:00 --> 00:00:01 welcome to astronomy daily your daily
00:00:02 --> 00:00:03 source for the latest space and
00:00:03 --> 00:00:05 astronomy news I'm your host Anna and
00:00:05 --> 00:00:07 we've gotten great lineup of stories for
00:00:07 --> 00:00:09 you today from revolutionary signal
00:00:09 --> 00:00:11 detection technology in Australia to
00:00:11 --> 00:00:13 groundbreaking discoveries by the James
00:00:13 --> 00:00:15 web Space Telescope we're covering the
00:00:15 --> 00:00:17 full spectrum of astronomical
00:00:17 --> 00:00:20 advancement we'll explore how CCO a
00:00:20 --> 00:00:22 cuttingedge telescope system is
00:00:22 --> 00:00:24 Transforming Our ability to detect
00:00:24 --> 00:00:26 Cosmic signals and we'll get up to speed
00:00:26 --> 00:00:28 with this week's packed launch schedule
00:00:28 --> 00:00:30 featuring missions from major space
00:00:30 --> 00:00:33 agencies around the globe the James web
00:00:33 --> 00:00:36 Space Telescope continues to Astound us
00:00:36 --> 00:00:38 with its discoveries of massive black
00:00:38 --> 00:00:40 holes in the early Universe challenging
00:00:40 --> 00:00:42 our understanding of cosmic
00:00:42 --> 00:00:44 Evolution we'll also delve into
00:00:44 --> 00:00:45 fascinating new research about the
00:00:45 --> 00:00:47 universe's first stars and share
00:00:48 --> 00:00:49 surprising findings about Martian
00:00:49 --> 00:00:51 windspeeds from the Ingenuity
00:00:51 --> 00:00:54 helicopter plus we'll look ahead to the
00:00:54 --> 00:00:56 exciting prospects of the Vera Rubin
00:00:56 --> 00:00:58 Observatory and its potential to
00:00:58 --> 00:01:00 revolutionize our understanding of dark
00:01:00 --> 00:01:02 energy stay with us as we journey
00:01:03 --> 00:01:04 through these remarkable developments in
00:01:04 --> 00:01:07 space exploration and astronomical
00:01:07 --> 00:01:08 Discovery let's get
00:01:08 --> 00:01:11 started in a groundbreaking development
00:01:11 --> 00:01:13 from Australia astronomers and engineers
00:01:13 --> 00:01:17 at CSO have unveiled CCO a revolutionary
00:01:17 --> 00:01:20 telescope technology that's Transforming
00:01:20 --> 00:01:22 Our ability to detect mysterious signals
00:01:22 --> 00:01:25 from deep space think of it as a cosmic
00:01:25 --> 00:01:26 treasure hunter sifting through an
00:01:26 --> 00:01:29 astronomical amount of data to find rare
00:01:29 --> 00:01:31 Cosmic events with remarkable Precision
00:01:31 --> 00:01:34 to put its capabilities into perspective
00:01:34 --> 00:01:37 kco processes an astounding 100 billion
00:01:37 --> 00:01:39 pixels per second that's equivalent to
00:01:39 --> 00:01:41 searching through an entire Beach of
00:01:41 --> 00:01:43 sand every minute to find a single
00:01:43 --> 00:01:46 5-cent coin this incredible processing
00:01:46 --> 00:01:48 power has already led to several major
00:01:48 --> 00:01:51 discoveries including multiple fast
00:01:51 --> 00:01:53 radio bursts and the detection of two
00:01:53 --> 00:01:56 previously unknown neutron stars during
00:01:56 --> 00:01:57 its initial trial run the system
00:01:58 --> 00:02:00 surpassed all expectations
00:02:00 --> 00:02:02 Dr Andy Wang and his team at the
00:02:02 --> 00:02:03 International Center for radio astronomy
00:02:04 --> 00:02:06 research have already used CCO to
00:02:06 --> 00:02:08 identify more than 20 fast radio bursts
00:02:08 --> 00:02:10 mysterious Cosmic phenomena that have
00:02:10 --> 00:02:13 puzzled astronomers for years the system
00:02:13 --> 00:02:15 can search for these bursts 100 times
00:02:15 --> 00:02:17 per second with plans to increase this
00:02:17 --> 00:02:20 to an impressive 1 times per second
00:02:20 --> 00:02:22 in the future the technology operates as
00:02:22 --> 00:02:25 part of the ASCAP radio telescope at
00:02:25 --> 00:02:28 inar manha ilari bundara the CSO
00:02:28 --> 00:02:30 merchison radio astronomy Observatory
00:02:30 --> 00:02:33 what makes CCO particularly special is
00:02:33 --> 00:02:34 its ability to instantly alert
00:02:34 --> 00:02:36 researchers when it detects something
00:02:36 --> 00:02:38 unusual allowing for immediate follow-up
00:02:38 --> 00:02:40 observations and
00:02:40 --> 00:02:42 Analysis this technological breakthrough
00:02:42 --> 00:02:45 isn't just about finding Cosmic signals
00:02:45 --> 00:02:47 it's about understanding them CCO has
00:02:47 --> 00:02:49 already helped detect long period
00:02:49 --> 00:02:51 transients mysterious objects within our
00:02:51 --> 00:02:54 galaxy that were only beginning to
00:02:54 --> 00:02:56 understand these discoveries are
00:02:56 --> 00:02:58 reinforcing Australia's position as a
00:02:58 --> 00:02:59 leader in radio astronomy engineering
00:03:00 --> 00:03:02 and research with the technology soon to
00:03:02 --> 00:03:03 be made available to astronomers
00:03:03 --> 00:03:06 worldwide through cso's Australia
00:03:06 --> 00:03:08 telescope National facility the
00:03:08 --> 00:03:10 implications of this technology extend
00:03:10 --> 00:03:13 far beyond its immediate discoveries by
00:03:13 --> 00:03:14 providing astronomers with unprecedented
00:03:14 --> 00:03:16 capabilities to detect and analyze
00:03:16 --> 00:03:19 Cosmic signals kco is opening new
00:03:19 --> 00:03:20 windows into understanding the
00:03:20 --> 00:03:23 universe's most enigmatic phenomena from
00:03:23 --> 00:03:25 the nature of fast radio bursts to the
00:03:25 --> 00:03:27 behavior of neutron
00:03:27 --> 00:03:29 stars now let's take a look at what
00:03:29 --> 00:03:32 headed for space this coming week and
00:03:32 --> 00:03:33 this week's launch schedule is packed
00:03:33 --> 00:03:36 with activity across multiple continents
00:03:36 --> 00:03:38 showcasing the increasingly busy nature
00:03:38 --> 00:03:41 of our space industry SpaceX leads the
00:03:41 --> 00:03:43 charge with four planned missions
00:03:43 --> 00:03:45 utilizing all three of their active
00:03:45 --> 00:03:48 launch sites among these are multiple
00:03:48 --> 00:03:50 starlink satellite deployments
00:03:50 --> 00:03:51 continuing their efforts to expand
00:03:51 --> 00:03:54 Global Internet coverage Blue origin is
00:03:54 --> 00:03:56 preparing for a fascinating uncrewed new
00:03:56 --> 00:03:58 Shephard flight that will carry out
00:03:58 --> 00:04:00 groundbreaking research
00:04:00 --> 00:04:02 the mission will host 30 payloads with
00:04:02 --> 00:04:04 NASA contributing 17 different
00:04:04 --> 00:04:06 experiments designed to test
00:04:06 --> 00:04:09 Technologies for future lunar missions
00:04:09 --> 00:04:11 what makes this flight particularly
00:04:11 --> 00:04:13 interesting is its ability to simulate
00:04:13 --> 00:04:16 lunar gravity conditions the capsule
00:04:16 --> 00:04:17 will spin at approximately 11
00:04:17 --> 00:04:19 revolutions per minute creating an
00:04:20 --> 00:04:21 environment that mimics the moon's
00:04:21 --> 00:04:24 gravitational pole for about 2 minutes
00:04:24 --> 00:04:25 significantly longer than previous
00:04:25 --> 00:04:28 simulation methods India space agency
00:04:29 --> 00:04:32 ISO is set to launch their nvs 02
00:04:32 --> 00:04:35 navigation satellite aboard a gslv Mark
00:04:35 --> 00:04:38 I rocket this satellite will join
00:04:38 --> 00:04:40 India's Navi constellation providing
00:04:40 --> 00:04:42 enhanced positioning accuracy across the
00:04:42 --> 00:04:45 Indian subcontinent and extending
00:04:45 --> 00:04:48 roughly 1 km Beyond its borders the
00:04:48 --> 00:04:51 satellite carries cuttingedge technology
00:04:51 --> 00:04:52 including an indigenous atomic clock
00:04:52 --> 00:04:54 that uses rubidium atoms for Ultra
00:04:54 --> 00:04:57 precise timekeeping meanwhile Japan is
00:04:57 --> 00:05:00 preparing to launch their H3 rocket
00:05:00 --> 00:05:02 carrying the Miki 6 navigation satellite
00:05:02 --> 00:05:05 which aims to improve GPS accuracy from
00:05:05 --> 00:05:08 meters to centimeter level Precision the
00:05:08 --> 00:05:09 Spanish military is also joining the
00:05:09 --> 00:05:11 launch manifest with their next
00:05:11 --> 00:05:13 Generation telecommunication satellite
00:05:13 --> 00:05:16 Spain sat ng1 scheduled for deployment
00:05:16 --> 00:05:19 aboard a Falcon 9 rocket lab rounds out
00:05:19 --> 00:05:21 the schedule with another commercial
00:05:21 --> 00:05:23 launch from their New Zealand facility
00:05:23 --> 00:05:24 continuing their series of missions for
00:05:25 --> 00:05:27 French customer kise this diverse array
00:05:27 --> 00:05:29 of launches demonstrates how space
00:05:29 --> 00:05:32 access has become increasingly routine
00:05:32 --> 00:05:34 and commercially vital with applications
00:05:34 --> 00:05:35 ranging from navigation and
00:05:35 --> 00:05:38 communication to scientific research and
00:05:38 --> 00:05:39 technological
00:05:39 --> 00:05:41 demonstration the pace of launches we're
00:05:41 --> 00:05:42 seeing this month suggests we might be
00:05:43 --> 00:05:44 on track for a record-breaking year in
00:05:45 --> 00:05:47 orbital missions highlighting the
00:05:47 --> 00:05:48 growing importance of space-based
00:05:48 --> 00:05:51 infrastructure in our modern
00:05:51 --> 00:05:55 world next an exciting update from the
00:05:55 --> 00:05:58 jwst the James web Space Telescope has
00:05:58 --> 00:06:00 made an extraordinary discovery that's
00:06:00 --> 00:06:01 challenging our understanding of the
00:06:01 --> 00:06:03 early Universe astronomers have
00:06:03 --> 00:06:05 identified several super massive black
00:06:05 --> 00:06:07 holes that appear to be far too massive
00:06:07 --> 00:06:10 compared to their host galaxies breaking
00:06:10 --> 00:06:12 the rules we thought we understood about
00:06:12 --> 00:06:14 Galactic evolution in our nearby
00:06:14 --> 00:06:16 Universe super massive black holes
00:06:16 --> 00:06:20 typically have masses equal to about
00:06:20 --> 00:06:23 0.01% of their host Galaxy's Stellar
00:06:23 --> 00:06:26 Mass however these newly discovered
00:06:26 --> 00:06:27 black holes from the early Universe tell
00:06:27 --> 00:06:29 a dramatically different story
00:06:29 --> 00:06:31 statistical calculations show they
00:06:31 --> 00:06:35 possess masses equal to roughly 10% of
00:06:35 --> 00:06:38 their host Galaxy's Stellar Mass making
00:06:38 --> 00:06:40 them approximately 1 times more
00:06:40 --> 00:06:43 massive than expected these findings
00:06:43 --> 00:06:44 were made possible through web's
00:06:44 --> 00:06:45 observations of what astronomers are
00:06:46 --> 00:06:48 calling Little Red Dot
00:06:48 --> 00:06:50 galaxies these peculiar objects existed
00:06:50 --> 00:06:52 just 1.5 billion years after the big
00:06:52 --> 00:06:55 bang when the universe was merely 11% of
00:06:55 --> 00:06:58 its current age their reddish appearance
00:06:58 --> 00:07:00 comes from the gas and dust surrounding
00:07:00 --> 00:07:02 actively feeding black holes creating
00:07:02 --> 00:07:05 what we call Active Galactic nuclei the
00:07:05 --> 00:07:06 discovery could help solve one of
00:07:06 --> 00:07:09 astronomy's most perplexing Mysteries
00:07:09 --> 00:07:11 how super massive black holes manage to
00:07:11 --> 00:07:13 grow to such enormous sizes so quickly
00:07:13 --> 00:07:16 in the universe's youth traditional
00:07:16 --> 00:07:17 theories suggest that black holes should
00:07:18 --> 00:07:20 take more than a billion years to reach
00:07:20 --> 00:07:21 such massive proportions through
00:07:21 --> 00:07:23 standard growth processes like mergers
00:07:23 --> 00:07:26 and steady accretion of matter one
00:07:26 --> 00:07:28 possible explanation is that black holes
00:07:28 --> 00:07:30 in the early Universe grew much more
00:07:30 --> 00:07:32 efficiently than their modern
00:07:32 --> 00:07:34 counterparts possibly due to the higher
00:07:34 --> 00:07:37 density of gas available in the early
00:07:37 --> 00:07:39 Cosmos this environment may have allowed
00:07:39 --> 00:07:41 them to consume surrounding matter at
00:07:41 --> 00:07:43 rates far exceeding what we observe
00:07:43 --> 00:07:46 today these findings suggest that the
00:07:46 --> 00:07:48 formation of stars and super massive
00:07:48 --> 00:07:51 black holes in early galaxies might be
00:07:51 --> 00:07:52 more intrinsically linked than
00:07:52 --> 00:07:55 previously thought while these ancient
00:07:55 --> 00:07:57 black holes appear to have grown at
00:07:57 --> 00:07:59 extraordinary rates initially the star
00:07:59 --> 00:08:02 formation in their host galaxies
00:08:02 --> 00:08:04 eventually caught up leading to the more
00:08:04 --> 00:08:06 balanced ratios we observe in nearby
00:08:06 --> 00:08:08 galaxies
00:08:08 --> 00:08:10 today and while we're talking new
00:08:10 --> 00:08:12 research findings new research is
00:08:12 --> 00:08:14 shedding fascinating light on two very
00:08:14 --> 00:08:16 different aspects of our Cosmic
00:08:16 --> 00:08:18 neighborhood from the universe's first
00:08:18 --> 00:08:20 stars to the winds on
00:08:20 --> 00:08:22 Mars let's start with an intriguing
00:08:22 --> 00:08:24 study about the earliest stars ever to
00:08:24 --> 00:08:26 exist known as population three
00:08:26 --> 00:08:28 stars these Cosmic Giants were thought
00:08:29 --> 00:08:30 to be some of the most massive stars
00:08:30 --> 00:08:33 ever formed but scientists have now
00:08:33 --> 00:08:34 discovered that their growth wasn't
00:08:34 --> 00:08:37 Limitless through detailed simulations
00:08:37 --> 00:08:39 that incorporate magnetic fields a
00:08:39 --> 00:08:42 factor previously overlooked researchers
00:08:42 --> 00:08:44 found that these ancient Stars could
00:08:44 --> 00:08:46 only grow to about 65 times the mass of
00:08:46 --> 00:08:49 our sun this is significantly less than
00:08:49 --> 00:08:52 previous estimates that suggested masses
00:08:52 --> 00:08:55 of up to 120 solar masses when magnetic
00:08:55 --> 00:08:58 fields weren't considered the key
00:08:58 --> 00:09:00 finding here is that magnetic fields
00:09:00 --> 00:09:03 acted as a natural break on Star growth
00:09:03 --> 00:09:05 even before other limiting factors like
00:09:05 --> 00:09:07 radiation pressure came into play these
00:09:07 --> 00:09:09 fields worked Against Gravity
00:09:09 --> 00:09:11 restricting the amount of gas that could
00:09:11 --> 00:09:13 fall onto the forming star this new
00:09:13 --> 00:09:15 understanding helps explain why we don't
00:09:15 --> 00:09:17 see evidence of even more massive stars
00:09:17 --> 00:09:18 in the early
00:09:18 --> 00:09:21 Universe meanwhile closer to home NASA's
00:09:21 --> 00:09:22 Ingenuity helicopter has been
00:09:23 --> 00:09:24 revolutionizing our understanding of
00:09:24 --> 00:09:27 Mars's atmosphere during its remarkable
00:09:27 --> 00:09:29 72 flights on the red planet
00:09:29 --> 00:09:31 this small But Mighty aircraft has
00:09:31 --> 00:09:33 recorded wind speeds that are
00:09:33 --> 00:09:35 considerably higher than what our models
00:09:35 --> 00:09:37 predicted previous estimates suggested
00:09:37 --> 00:09:40 Martian winds wouldn't exceed 15
00:09:40 --> 00:09:43 m/s but Ingenuity encountered speeds as
00:09:43 --> 00:09:46 high as 25 m/ second at various
00:09:46 --> 00:09:49 altitudes between 3 and 24 m above the
00:09:49 --> 00:09:52 surface this discovery was made possible
00:09:52 --> 00:09:54 through an ingenious method using the
00:09:54 --> 00:09:57 helicopter's own tilt during flight to
00:09:57 --> 00:10:00 calculate wind speeds just as a drone on
00:10:00 --> 00:10:02 earth needs to tilt into the wind to
00:10:02 --> 00:10:04 maintain its position Ingenuity tilt
00:10:04 --> 00:10:06 measurements provided crucial data about
00:10:06 --> 00:10:08 Mars's atmospheric
00:10:08 --> 00:10:10 conditions these findings are
00:10:10 --> 00:10:12 particularly valuable for future Mars
00:10:12 --> 00:10:14 missions especially as we plan more
00:10:14 --> 00:10:16 aerial Vehicles like the upcoming
00:10:16 --> 00:10:18 dragonfly mission to Saturn's moon
00:10:18 --> 00:10:20 Titan understanding these wind patterns
00:10:20 --> 00:10:23 is crucial for Designing spacecraft and
00:10:23 --> 00:10:24 planning missions that can safely
00:10:25 --> 00:10:26 navigate alien
00:10:26 --> 00:10:29 atmospheres finally today look looking
00:10:29 --> 00:10:30 into the
00:10:30 --> 00:10:32 future exciting developments are on the
00:10:32 --> 00:10:35 horizon as the Vera SE ruin Observatory
00:10:35 --> 00:10:37 prepares to begin its operations from
00:10:37 --> 00:10:40 its home at top sop Pon in Chile this
00:10:40 --> 00:10:42 Cutting Edge facility is about to embark
00:10:42 --> 00:10:44 on an ambitious 10-year survey that
00:10:44 --> 00:10:46 promises to revolutionize our
00:10:46 --> 00:10:48 understanding of the cosmos particularly
00:10:48 --> 00:10:51 when it comes to exploding Stars
00:10:51 --> 00:10:53 scientists predict the observatory will
00:10:53 --> 00:10:54 detect millions of what are playfully
00:10:54 --> 00:10:58 nicknamed vampire Stars white dwarfs
00:10:58 --> 00:11:00 that steal material from their companion
00:11:00 --> 00:11:02 Stars until they explode in spectacular
00:11:02 --> 00:11:05 fashion these explosions known as type A
00:11:05 --> 00:11:07 supernovas are particularly valuable to
00:11:08 --> 00:11:09 astronomers because they always release
00:11:09 --> 00:11:11 the same amount of light making them
00:11:11 --> 00:11:14 perfect Cosmic measuring sticks think of
00:11:14 --> 00:11:17 these supernovas as Celestial lamp posts
00:11:17 --> 00:11:19 if you know how bright they should be
00:11:19 --> 00:11:21 you can figure out how far away they are
00:11:21 --> 00:11:24 by how dim they appear this makes them
00:11:24 --> 00:11:26 crucial tools for understanding how our
00:11:26 --> 00:11:29 universe is expanding and the mysterious
00:11:29 --> 00:11:32 force behind this expansion Dark Energy
00:11:32 --> 00:11:34 The Observatory will scan the entire
00:11:34 --> 00:11:36 Southern Sky every few nights giving
00:11:36 --> 00:11:38 astronomers unprecedented opportunities
00:11:38 --> 00:11:41 to catch these Stellar explosions in
00:11:41 --> 00:11:43 action it's expected to generate a
00:11:43 --> 00:11:45 staggering amount of data up to 10
00:11:45 --> 00:11:47 million alerts embedded in 20 terabytes
00:11:47 --> 00:11:49 of information every single night this
00:11:49 --> 00:11:51 wealth of data could help resolve some
00:11:51 --> 00:11:53 pressing questions about dark energy
00:11:53 --> 00:11:55 which makes up about 68% of our
00:11:55 --> 00:11:58 universe's energy budget recent
00:11:58 --> 00:11:59 observations have suggested suggested
00:11:59 --> 00:12:01 that dark energy strength might not be
00:12:01 --> 00:12:03 constant as previously thought and the
00:12:03 --> 00:12:05 ruin observatory's observations could
00:12:05 --> 00:12:08 finally help us understand if and how
00:12:08 --> 00:12:11 this mysterious force is changing over
00:12:11 --> 00:12:13 time this new era of observation
00:12:13 --> 00:12:16 represents a fundamental shift in how we
00:12:16 --> 00:12:19 study the cosmos the sheer volume of
00:12:19 --> 00:12:20 data will require new methods of
00:12:20 --> 00:12:23 analysis setting the stage for the next
00:12:23 --> 00:12:25 generation of astronomical discoveries
00:12:25 --> 00:12:27 and our understanding of the universe's
00:12:27 --> 00:12:30 ultimate fate
00:12:30 --> 00:12:31 and with that we wrap up today's
00:12:31 --> 00:12:34 fascinating Journey Through the cosmos
00:12:34 --> 00:12:36 thank you for joining me I'm Anna and
00:12:36 --> 00:12:38 this has been astronomy daily if you'd
00:12:38 --> 00:12:40 like to stay updated on all these
00:12:40 --> 00:12:42 exciting developments in space and
00:12:42 --> 00:12:44 astronomy head over to our website at
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00:13:21 --> 00:13:35 [Music]
00:13:35 --> 00:13:38 told