SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 10
Gaia's Sky Scanning Completion and Mid Infrared Flare from Sagittarius A*
The European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft has completed its sky scanning phase, marking a monumental achievement in astronomical missions. Over the past decade, Gaia has transformed our understanding of the Milky Way by mapping the positions and characteristics of billions of stars. This mission has provided unprecedented insights into the origins and evolution of our galaxy, revealing its structure and history like never before.
Mid Infrared Flare from the Milky Way's Supermassive Black Hole
Astronomers have detected a mid infrared flare from Sagittarius A*, the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way. This discovery, made using NASA's Webb Space Telescope, fills a crucial gap in our understanding of black hole flares and supports existing models of magnetic reconnection in the accretion disk surrounding the black hole.
Discovery of a New Type of Exoplanet
NASA's Webb Space Telescope has unveiled a new type of exoplanet, unlike anything in our solar system. The planet, GJ1214B, exhibits a carbon dioxide-rich atmosphere similar to Venus, challenging previous assumptions about exoplanet atmospheres and providing new insights into planetary formation.
00:00 This is space time series 28 episode 10 for broadcast of 22 January 2025
00:49 European Space Agency's Gaia spacecraft has completed its 10th science mission
05:22 First ever detection of mid infrared flare from Milky Way's supermassive black hole
11:15 NASA's Webb Space Telescope has discovered a new type of planet
14:11 New study suggests eating carrots can improve the treatment of type 2 diabetes
17:41 Tesla is launching satellite connectivity for regular mobile phones in Australia
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✍️ Episode References
European Space Agency (ESA)
[https://www.esa.int/](https://www.esa.int/)
Gaia Mission
arXiv.org
[https://arxiv.org/](https://arxiv.org/)
NASA's Webb Space Telescope
[https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/](https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/)
Event Horizon Telescope
[https://eventhorizontelescope.org/](https://eventhorizontelescope.org/)
Harvard Center for Astrophysics
[https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/](https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/)
Astrophysical Journal Letters
[https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/
8205](https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/2041-8205)
8--- Nature Communications
[https://www.nature.com/ncomms/](https://www.nature.com/ncomms/)
Clinical and Translational Science
TechAdvice
[https://www.techadvice.life/](https://www.techadvice.life/)
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support (https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss) .
Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/25198501?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 this is spacetime series 28 episode 10
00:00:03 --> 00:00:05 for broadcast on the 22nd of January
00:00:06 --> 00:00:09 2025 coming up on SpaceTime GIA one of
00:00:09 --> 00:00:11 the most important astronomical missions
00:00:11 --> 00:00:13 ever undertaken finally completes its
00:00:13 --> 00:00:16 Skys scanning phase the first ever
00:00:16 --> 00:00:18 detection of a mid infrared Flare from
00:00:18 --> 00:00:20 the Milky Way super massive black hole
00:00:20 --> 00:00:23 and discovery of a strange new type of
00:00:23 --> 00:00:25 Planet unlik anything in our solar
00:00:25 --> 00:00:28 system all that and more coming up on
00:00:28 --> 00:00:30 SpaceTime
00:00:30 --> 00:00:34 welcome to SpaceTime with Stuart
00:00:34 --> 00:00:41 [Music]
00:00:49 --> 00:00:50 Gary well it was one of the most
00:00:50 --> 00:00:52 important scientific missions ever
00:00:52 --> 00:00:55 undertaken the European space agency's
00:00:55 --> 00:00:57 Milky Way mppa Gaia spacecraft has
00:00:57 --> 00:01:00 finally completed The Skys scanning f pH
00:01:00 --> 00:01:02 of its journey in the process changing
00:01:02 --> 00:01:05 our understanding of our galaxy the
00:01:05 --> 00:01:07 2 kg probe has racked up more than
00:01:07 --> 00:01:10 three trillion observations of about 2
00:01:10 --> 00:01:12 billion stars and other objects over its
00:01:12 --> 00:01:15 past decade of operations in the process
00:01:15 --> 00:01:17 it's revolutionized science's
00:01:17 --> 00:01:19 understanding of our home Galaxy and its
00:01:19 --> 00:01:21 Cosmic neighborhood launched back in
00:01:22 --> 00:01:24 December 2013 guire is now almost out of
00:01:24 --> 00:01:27 fuel it uses about a dozen gram of cold
00:01:27 --> 00:01:29 gas per day in order to keep it spinning
00:01:29 --> 00:01:30 with pinpoints and accuracy that
00:01:30 --> 00:01:32 spinning allows it to be stable allowing
00:01:32 --> 00:01:35 it to focus on its primary Mission
00:01:35 --> 00:01:36 technology tests are now scheduled for
00:01:36 --> 00:01:38 the next few weeks before guy is moved
00:01:38 --> 00:01:40 into a sort of retirement orbit where
00:01:40 --> 00:01:43 future missions will be mapped out in
00:01:43 --> 00:01:45 the meantime two massive data releases
00:01:45 --> 00:01:48 from guia have already been tabled one
00:01:48 --> 00:01:50 for next year and another for the end of
00:01:50 --> 00:01:53 the decade the Treasure Trove of data
00:01:53 --> 00:01:55 collected by guia has given astronomers
00:01:55 --> 00:01:57 unique insights into the origins and
00:01:57 --> 00:02:00 evolution of our Milky Way galaxy see
00:02:00 --> 00:02:02 guy's been mapping the positions
00:02:02 --> 00:02:05 distances movements brightness changes
00:02:05 --> 00:02:06 composition and numerous other
00:02:06 --> 00:02:09 characteristics of billions of stars
00:02:09 --> 00:02:10 repeatedly monitoring them with its
00:02:10 --> 00:02:12 three instruments over the course of its
00:02:12 --> 00:02:14 Mission this is a neighborhood guide to
00:02:14 --> 00:02:17 deliver on its primary role building the
00:02:17 --> 00:02:19 largest and most precise map of the
00:02:19 --> 00:02:21 Milky Way showing our home Galaxy like
00:02:21 --> 00:02:24 no other Mission has ever done before in
00:02:24 --> 00:02:26 fact it's given us the best
00:02:26 --> 00:02:28 reconstructed view of how our galaxy
00:02:28 --> 00:02:30 might look to an outside obser
00:02:30 --> 00:02:32 this new impression of the Milky Way
00:02:32 --> 00:02:34 incorporates Sky data from a multitude
00:02:35 --> 00:02:37 of papers over the past decade and it
00:02:37 --> 00:02:39 contains major changes from previous
00:02:39 --> 00:02:42 models even basic ideas have been
00:02:42 --> 00:02:44 revised such as the rotation of our
00:02:44 --> 00:02:46 galaxy Central bar the warp in the
00:02:46 --> 00:02:48 Galaxy's disc the detailed structure of
00:02:48 --> 00:02:51 our spiral arms and Interstellar dust
00:02:51 --> 00:02:54 near the sun gu's repeated measurements
00:02:54 --> 00:02:55 of Stellar distances motions and
00:02:55 --> 00:02:58 characteristics are key to performing
00:02:58 --> 00:03:00 Galactic archaeology on our Milky Way
00:03:00 --> 00:03:02 galaxy in the process revealing missing
00:03:02 --> 00:03:04 links in our Galaxy's complex history
00:03:05 --> 00:03:07 helping scientists better understand its
00:03:07 --> 00:03:09 Origins from detecting the ghosts of
00:03:09 --> 00:03:10 other galaxies that have been
00:03:10 --> 00:03:12 cannibalized by the Milky Way and
00:03:13 --> 00:03:14 multiple streams of ancient stars that
00:03:14 --> 00:03:16 merged with the Milky Way early in its
00:03:16 --> 00:03:18 history def finding evidence for an
00:03:18 --> 00:03:20 ongoing collision with the Sagittarius
00:03:20 --> 00:03:23 dwarf Galaxy today Gia is rewriting the
00:03:23 --> 00:03:25 Milky Way's history and making
00:03:25 --> 00:03:27 predictions about its future in the
00:03:27 --> 00:03:29 process of scanning the stars in our own
00:03:29 --> 00:03:32 Galaxy guys also spotted other objects
00:03:32 --> 00:03:34 ranging from asteroids in our solar
00:03:34 --> 00:03:36 system to galaxies and quazars the
00:03:36 --> 00:03:38 bright and active centers of galaxies
00:03:38 --> 00:03:40 powered by monstrous super massive black
00:03:40 --> 00:03:43 holes outside our Milky Way for example
00:03:43 --> 00:03:45 guys provided pinpoint Precision Orbits
00:03:45 --> 00:03:48 for more than 150 asteroids and it's
00:03:48 --> 00:03:50 had such high quality measurements it's
00:03:50 --> 00:03:52 even been able to uncover possible moons
00:03:52 --> 00:03:54 around hundreds of these asteroids it's
00:03:55 --> 00:03:56 also created the largest
00:03:56 --> 00:03:58 three-dimensional map of about 1.3
00:03:58 --> 00:04:00 million quazars with the furthest
00:04:00 --> 00:04:02 shining bright when our universe was
00:04:02 --> 00:04:06 just 1.5 billion years old guys also
00:04:06 --> 00:04:07 discovered a new breed of black holes
00:04:08 --> 00:04:10 including one with a mass of nearly 33
00:04:10 --> 00:04:11 times that of our Sun hiding in the
00:04:11 --> 00:04:14 constellation at Quilla less than 2
00:04:14 --> 00:04:16 light years from Earth it's the first
00:04:16 --> 00:04:18 time a black hole of Stellar Origins
00:04:18 --> 00:04:20 this big has been spotted within the
00:04:20 --> 00:04:23 Milky Way we've already had three data
00:04:23 --> 00:04:25 releases from guia and they've changed
00:04:25 --> 00:04:27 our understanding of the Galaxy data
00:04:27 --> 00:04:29 release for is expected to contain some
00:04:29 --> 00:04:32 500 terabyt of information covering the
00:04:32 --> 00:04:33 first 5 and 1/2 years of the
00:04:33 --> 00:04:36 spacecraft's operations data release 4
00:04:36 --> 00:04:39 will also expand its binary star catalog
00:04:39 --> 00:04:41 the larger such catalog to date that's
00:04:41 --> 00:04:43 because guia has the unique ability to
00:04:43 --> 00:04:45 tease out tiny motions in pairs of
00:04:45 --> 00:04:47 celestial objects orbiting close to each
00:04:47 --> 00:04:49 other and it's already spotted
00:04:49 --> 00:04:50 previously hidden companions around
00:04:50 --> 00:04:54 bright stars Gia's exoplanet discoveries
00:04:54 --> 00:04:55 are also set to increase with the
00:04:55 --> 00:04:57 forthcoming data sets that's thanks to
00:04:57 --> 00:04:59 the longer frame time of observations
00:04:59 --> 00:05:02 making it a lot easier for guy to spot
00:05:02 --> 00:05:04 wobbling Stars they stars that are
00:05:04 --> 00:05:06 gently being tugged by the gravitational
00:05:06 --> 00:05:08 perturbations of orbiting planets it's
00:05:09 --> 00:05:11 been a fascinating Mission so far and
00:05:11 --> 00:05:13 although the data collection's now
00:05:13 --> 00:05:14 coming to an end the astronomers sifting
00:05:14 --> 00:05:16 through the data for the next two
00:05:16 --> 00:05:18 releases will undoubtly make discoveries
00:05:18 --> 00:05:20 that'll revolutionize our understanding
00:05:20 --> 00:05:24 of the cosmos this report from E TV what
00:05:24 --> 00:05:26 does the Milky Way look like from the
00:05:26 --> 00:05:29 outside no spacecraft can travel beyond
00:05:29 --> 00:05:32 our Galaxy so we can't take a selfie but
00:05:32 --> 00:05:35 during its lifetime Gia made 3 trillion
00:05:35 --> 00:05:38 observations of 2 billion stars and
00:05:38 --> 00:05:41 other objects giving us the best Insight
00:05:41 --> 00:05:44 yet of what our home Galaxy looks like
00:05:44 --> 00:05:46 Gia shows that our Galaxy's disc is
00:05:46 --> 00:05:50 Warped and Wobbles possibly caused by a
00:05:50 --> 00:05:52 collision with another smaller galaxy
00:05:52 --> 00:05:55 moving further out Gia also studied
00:05:55 --> 00:05:58 other galaxies around the Milky Way such
00:05:58 --> 00:06:01 as the large and the small melanic
00:06:01 --> 00:06:04 clouds and 40 other companions Gia
00:06:04 --> 00:06:07 revealed our Galaxy's turbulent history
00:06:07 --> 00:06:09 by tracking the movements of streams of
00:06:09 --> 00:06:12 stars Gia gives a unique view of our
00:06:12 --> 00:06:15 Milky Way scanning our galaxy from the
00:06:15 --> 00:06:18 inside out building a more detailed map
00:06:18 --> 00:06:20 than ever before fundamentally changing
00:06:20 --> 00:06:23 what we thought we knew about our home
00:06:23 --> 00:06:26 Galaxy where our sun is embedded among
00:06:26 --> 00:06:27 billions of
00:06:28 --> 00:06:31 stars this is space time still to come
00:06:31 --> 00:06:33 the first ever detection of a mid
00:06:33 --> 00:06:35 infrared Flare from the Milky Way super
00:06:35 --> 00:06:38 massive black hole and discovery of a
00:06:38 --> 00:06:40 strange new type of Planet unlike
00:06:40 --> 00:06:43 anything ever seen in our solar system
00:06:43 --> 00:06:45 all that and more still to come on space
00:06:45 --> 00:06:48 time
00:06:48 --> 00:07:01 [Music]
00:07:01 --> 00:07:03 astronomers have made the first ever
00:07:03 --> 00:07:05 detection of a mid infrared flare
00:07:05 --> 00:07:08 emanating from Sagittarius A star the
00:07:08 --> 00:07:10 Milky Way Central super massive black
00:07:10 --> 00:07:12 hole the observations reported on the
00:07:12 --> 00:07:15 prepress physics website archive.org are
00:07:15 --> 00:07:17 based on data collected by NASA's
00:07:17 --> 00:07:20 infrared web Space Telescope located
00:07:20 --> 00:07:23 some 27 light years away Sagittarius
00:07:23 --> 00:07:26 A star has about 4.3 million times the
00:07:26 --> 00:07:28 mass of our sun and it's the central
00:07:28 --> 00:07:30 Pivot Point around around which our
00:07:30 --> 00:07:34 entire galaxy rotates Sagittarius A star
00:07:34 --> 00:07:35 regularly exhibits flares that can be
00:07:35 --> 00:07:38 observed in multile wavelengths that
00:07:38 --> 00:07:39 allows scientists to see different views
00:07:40 --> 00:07:42 of the same flare and better understand
00:07:42 --> 00:07:43 how it emits light and how those
00:07:43 --> 00:07:46 emissions are generated but despite a
00:07:46 --> 00:07:48 long history of successful observations
00:07:48 --> 00:07:50 and even Imaging the cosmic Beast using
00:07:50 --> 00:07:53 the Event Horizon telescope in 2022 one
00:07:53 --> 00:07:55 crucial piece of the puzzle the mid
00:07:55 --> 00:07:57 infrared observations have been missing
00:07:57 --> 00:08:00 until now infrared radiation has longer
00:08:00 --> 00:08:02 wavelengths than visible light but
00:08:02 --> 00:08:04 shorter wavelengths than radio and mid
00:08:04 --> 00:08:06 infrared sits in the middle of the
00:08:06 --> 00:08:09 infrared band it allows astronomers to
00:08:09 --> 00:08:11 observe objects like flares which are
00:08:11 --> 00:08:12 often difficult to observe in other
00:08:12 --> 00:08:14 wavelengths because of the impenetrable
00:08:14 --> 00:08:16 clouds of gas and dust which block out
00:08:16 --> 00:08:19 the view from Earth see until this study
00:08:19 --> 00:08:20 no one had yet successfully detected
00:08:21 --> 00:08:23 Sagittarius A's variability in the mid
00:08:23 --> 00:08:26 infrared that left a gap in science's
00:08:26 --> 00:08:27 understanding of what causes these
00:08:27 --> 00:08:30 flares and therefore raise is questions
00:08:30 --> 00:08:32 about whether the theoretical models of
00:08:32 --> 00:08:33 the super massive black hole are
00:08:33 --> 00:08:35 actually complete one of the study's
00:08:35 --> 00:08:37 authors Joseph mcel from the Harvard
00:08:37 --> 00:08:39 Center for astrophysics says Sagittarius
00:08:39 --> 00:08:42 A's flare evolves and changes quickly in
00:08:42 --> 00:08:44 just a matter of hours and not all these
00:08:44 --> 00:08:47 changes can be seen at every wavelength
00:08:47 --> 00:08:49 for over 20 years astronomers have known
00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 what happens in the radio wave band and
00:08:51 --> 00:08:54 what happens in near infrared light but
00:08:54 --> 00:08:56 the connection between them the mid
00:08:56 --> 00:08:59 infrared was never 100% clear or certain
00:08:59 --> 00:09:01 Mel says these new observations in the
00:09:01 --> 00:09:04 mid infrared fills that Gap and connects
00:09:04 --> 00:09:06 the two mind you scientist still aren't
00:09:06 --> 00:09:09 100% sure what causes these flares so
00:09:09 --> 00:09:11 they rely on models and simulations
00:09:11 --> 00:09:12 which they then compare with
00:09:12 --> 00:09:14 observations to try and understand where
00:09:14 --> 00:09:16 it's all coming from now many
00:09:16 --> 00:09:18 simulations are suggesting that flares
00:09:18 --> 00:09:20 in Sagittarius A star are being caused
00:09:20 --> 00:09:22 by the bunching up of magnetic field
00:09:22 --> 00:09:24 lines in the super massive black holes
00:09:24 --> 00:09:26 turbulent acction disc a disc of matter
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 surrounding the black holes Event
00:09:28 --> 00:09:29 Horizon on which material was being
00:09:29 --> 00:09:31 crushed and torn apart at the subatomic
00:09:31 --> 00:09:33 level before falling Beyond The Event
00:09:33 --> 00:09:35 Horizon and into the singularity of the
00:09:35 --> 00:09:39 black hole when two magnetic field lons
00:09:39 --> 00:09:40 approach they can connect to each other
00:09:40 --> 00:09:43 and then release a huge amount of energy
00:09:43 --> 00:09:45 now the byproduct of this so-called
00:09:45 --> 00:09:47 magnetic reconnection is synchrotron
00:09:47 --> 00:09:49 emissions that occurs when energized
00:09:49 --> 00:09:51 electrons travel at speeds close to the
00:09:51 --> 00:09:53 speed of light along the magnetic field
00:09:53 --> 00:09:55 lines and they can emit the high energy
00:09:55 --> 00:09:58 photons powering the flare but because
00:09:58 --> 00:10:00 the mid infared spectral range sits
00:10:00 --> 00:10:02 between the submillimeter and near
00:10:02 --> 00:10:04 infrared it keeps its Secrets Locked
00:10:04 --> 00:10:05 Away about the role of electrons which
00:10:05 --> 00:10:07 would need to be cool in order to
00:10:07 --> 00:10:09 release energy to power the flares the
00:10:09 --> 00:10:11 new observations are consistent with the
00:10:11 --> 00:10:14 existing models and simulations and that
00:10:14 --> 00:10:15 adds another little piece to the puzzle
00:10:16 --> 00:10:17 supporting the theory of what lies
00:10:17 --> 00:10:20 behind the flares the Research indicates
00:10:20 --> 00:10:22 that there may be a connection between
00:10:22 --> 00:10:24 the observed variability at millimet
00:10:24 --> 00:10:26 wavelength and The observed midinfrared
00:10:26 --> 00:10:29 flare emissions simultaneous observation
00:10:29 --> 00:10:31 using the submillimeter array telescope
00:10:31 --> 00:10:33 the nuclear spectroscopic telescope
00:10:33 --> 00:10:36 array Newar and the Chandra x-ray
00:10:36 --> 00:10:38 Observatory filled in the additional
00:10:38 --> 00:10:40 part of the story sadly no flares were
00:10:40 --> 00:10:42 detected during the X-ray observations
00:10:42 --> 00:10:44 likely because this particular flare
00:10:44 --> 00:10:46 simply didn't accelerate electrons to
00:10:46 --> 00:10:48 high enough energies but the team was
00:10:48 --> 00:10:50 successful when they turned to the
00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 submillimeter array which detected a
00:10:52 --> 00:10:54 millimeter W flare lagging roughly 10
00:10:54 --> 00:10:57 minutes behind the mid infrared flare it
00:10:57 --> 00:11:00 all adds to the puzzle pick
00:11:00 --> 00:11:03 this is spacetime still to come
00:11:03 --> 00:11:05 astronomers have discovered a strange
00:11:05 --> 00:11:07 new type of Planet unlike anything in
00:11:07 --> 00:11:09 our solar system and later in the
00:11:09 --> 00:11:12 science report a new study suggests that
00:11:12 --> 00:11:13 carrots can improve the treatment of
00:11:14 --> 00:11:16 type 2 diabetes all that and more still
00:11:16 --> 00:11:26 to come on SpaceTime
00:11:26 --> 00:11:34 [Music]
00:11:34 --> 00:11:35 astronomers have discovered a strange
00:11:35 --> 00:11:38 new type of Planet unlike anything ever
00:11:38 --> 00:11:40 SE in our solar system the findings
00:11:40 --> 00:11:42 reported in the astrophysical journal
00:11:42 --> 00:11:44 letters are based on new observations by
00:11:44 --> 00:11:46 NASA's web Space Telescope combined with
00:11:46 --> 00:11:49 simulated computer models the amazing
00:11:50 --> 00:11:51 Discovery provides another piece to the
00:11:51 --> 00:11:53 puzzle of understanding how planets and
00:11:53 --> 00:11:56 planetary systems are formed now so far
00:11:56 --> 00:11:59 more than 5 exoplanets that these
00:11:59 --> 00:12:01 planets orbiting around other stars have
00:12:01 --> 00:12:04 been confirmed and many are unlike any
00:12:04 --> 00:12:06 of the planets in our solar system
00:12:06 --> 00:12:07 making it difficult to guess what these
00:12:07 --> 00:12:10 strange worlds are like one of the most
00:12:10 --> 00:12:12 common types of exoplanets falls into
00:12:12 --> 00:12:14 the size range between the Earth and
00:12:14 --> 00:12:16 Neptune now astronomers have been
00:12:16 --> 00:12:18 debating whether these planets are
00:12:18 --> 00:12:20 earthlike rocky or terrestrial worlds
00:12:20 --> 00:12:22 but with thick hydrogen Rich atmospheres
00:12:22 --> 00:12:24 or whether they're more Neptune likee
00:12:24 --> 00:12:26 icy worlds surrounded by water- Rich
00:12:26 --> 00:12:29 atmospheres the so-called water worlds
00:12:29 --> 00:12:30 problem is previous Studies have all
00:12:30 --> 00:12:32 been confounded by layers of thick high
00:12:32 --> 00:12:34 clouds which seem to be a common feature
00:12:34 --> 00:12:36 on these types of planets that makes it
00:12:36 --> 00:12:38 difficult to study the atmosphere below
00:12:38 --> 00:12:40 the cloud deck and that's where the web
00:12:40 --> 00:12:43 Space Telescope comes in astronomers
00:12:43 --> 00:12:45 used web's infrared capabilities to peer
00:12:45 --> 00:12:46 through the clouds on one of these
00:12:46 --> 00:12:50 strange Worlds the planet called gj1214b
00:12:50 --> 00:12:53 is located just 48 light years away in
00:12:53 --> 00:12:55 the direction of the constellation of
00:12:55 --> 00:12:57 fuus and that makes it relatively nearby
00:12:57 --> 00:12:59 and consequently one of the EAS I
00:12:59 --> 00:13:02 examples of this kind of planet to study
00:13:02 --> 00:13:04 as astronomers looked at the data they
00:13:04 --> 00:13:05 were shocked to find that instead of a
00:13:05 --> 00:13:07 hydrogen Rich super Earth or for that
00:13:07 --> 00:13:09 matter a neptun likee water world the
00:13:10 --> 00:13:11 new data revealed concentrations of
00:13:12 --> 00:13:14 carbon dioxide comparable to the levels
00:13:14 --> 00:13:16 found in the dense CO2 atmosphere of
00:13:16 --> 00:13:18 Venus the study's lead author Everett
00:13:18 --> 00:13:20 scholen from the University of Arizona
00:13:20 --> 00:13:22 says the discovery was a surprise and
00:13:22 --> 00:13:24 there are many uncertainties still in
00:13:24 --> 00:13:26 the data the problem is the detected
00:13:27 --> 00:13:28 carbon dioxide signal from these
00:13:28 --> 00:13:31 observations was only tiny so careful
00:13:31 --> 00:13:32 statistical analysis needed to be
00:13:32 --> 00:13:34 carried out to ensure that the signal
00:13:34 --> 00:13:36 was even real the authors used
00:13:36 --> 00:13:38 theoretical models to run a plethora of
00:13:38 --> 00:13:40 whatif scenarios about the likely
00:13:40 --> 00:13:41 atmosphere of the planet in order to
00:13:41 --> 00:13:43 match the web
00:13:43 --> 00:13:45 observations and out of all these models
00:13:45 --> 00:13:48 the ones which best fit the data suggest
00:13:48 --> 00:13:50 a carbon dominated atmosphere very much
00:13:50 --> 00:13:54 like planet Venus this SpaceTime
00:13:54 --> 00:14:10 [Music]
00:14:10 --> 00:14:11 and time now to take another brief look
00:14:11 --> 00:14:13 at some of the other stories making use
00:14:13 --> 00:14:15 and science this week with the science
00:14:15 --> 00:14:17 report scientists have calculated that
00:14:17 --> 00:14:21 around 465 tons of methane were
00:14:21 --> 00:14:23 emitted from the nordstream subc
00:14:23 --> 00:14:25 pipeline when it was sabotaged and
00:14:25 --> 00:14:28 damaged in 2020 the findings reported in
00:14:28 --> 00:14:29 the journal Nature and nature
00:14:29 --> 00:14:31 Communications are based on three
00:14:31 --> 00:14:33 separate studies this is the largest
00:14:33 --> 00:14:35 recorded amount of methane released from
00:14:35 --> 00:14:39 a single transient event disturbingly
00:14:39 --> 00:14:41 however it only represents 0.1% of
00:14:41 --> 00:14:44 anthropogenic methane emissions for
00:14:44 --> 00:14:46 2022 in the nature paper the authors
00:14:46 --> 00:14:49 found around 465 tons of methane
00:14:49 --> 00:14:51 were emitted in the atmosphere
00:14:51 --> 00:14:53 equivalent to about 1.2% of all
00:14:53 --> 00:14:56 emissions from natural gas and 0.3% of
00:14:56 --> 00:14:58 methane emissions from Agriculture and
00:14:58 --> 00:15:00 accompany nature Communications paper
00:15:00 --> 00:15:03 suggest that some 14% of the Baltic Sea
00:15:03 --> 00:15:05 experienced dissolved methane
00:15:05 --> 00:15:07 concentrations five times greater than
00:15:07 --> 00:15:09 average natural levels in fact it may
00:15:09 --> 00:15:12 have impacted up to 23 Marine protected
00:15:12 --> 00:15:15 areas a second nature Communications
00:15:15 --> 00:15:17 paper looked at the secondary release of
00:15:17 --> 00:15:18 methane in the atmosphere after being
00:15:18 --> 00:15:20 dissolved in the seawater and it looked
00:15:20 --> 00:15:22 at the distribution of that methane
00:15:22 --> 00:15:24 which escape from the
00:15:24 --> 00:15:27 pipelines a new study suggests that
00:15:27 --> 00:15:29 eating carrots can improve the treatment
00:15:29 --> 00:15:32 of typee 2 diabetes you see carrots
00:15:32 --> 00:15:34 enhance the body's ability to regulate
00:15:34 --> 00:15:36 blood sugars and they positively
00:15:36 --> 00:15:37 influence the composition of gut
00:15:37 --> 00:15:40 bacteria type 2 diabetes treatment
00:15:40 --> 00:15:42 typically involves dietary changes in
00:15:42 --> 00:15:44 medication though many people experience
00:15:44 --> 00:15:45 side effects from the
00:15:45 --> 00:15:47 Pharmaceuticals a report in the journal
00:15:47 --> 00:15:49 clinical and transitional science found
00:15:50 --> 00:15:51 that carrots could offer a natural
00:15:51 --> 00:15:54 potentially side effect freeway to compl
00:15:54 --> 00:15:56 existing treatments the author studied
00:15:56 --> 00:15:59 the effects of carrots over 16 weeks on
00:15:59 --> 00:16:02 two groups fed a calorie match diet one
00:16:02 --> 00:16:04 group were given diet supplements which
00:16:04 --> 00:16:07 included 10% freeze dried carrot powder
00:16:07 --> 00:16:08 and the results showed that the group
00:16:08 --> 00:16:10 receiving the carrot powder exhibited
00:16:10 --> 00:16:12 improved blood sugar regulation as
00:16:12 --> 00:16:15 measured by glucose tolerance tests the
00:16:15 --> 00:16:16 studies showed that carrots alter the
00:16:16 --> 00:16:19 composition of the gut microbiome that
00:16:19 --> 00:16:20 billions of microorganisms living in the
00:16:20 --> 00:16:22 gut that play a crucial role in
00:16:22 --> 00:16:25 digestion and health carrots contain
00:16:25 --> 00:16:26 bioactive compounds that enhance the
00:16:27 --> 00:16:29 cell's ability to absorb sugar thereby
00:16:29 --> 00:16:32 aiding in blood sugar regulation these
00:16:32 --> 00:16:34 bioactive substances derived from
00:16:34 --> 00:16:36 unsaturated fatty acids are also present
00:16:36 --> 00:16:38 in other vegetables from the carrot
00:16:38 --> 00:16:41 family including parsley celery and
00:16:41 --> 00:16:43 parsnips while it might not be easy to
00:16:44 --> 00:16:45 insert it into your ear scientists that
00:16:46 --> 00:16:47 meta claim that your smartphone could
00:16:48 --> 00:16:49 soon be the equivalent of the fabled
00:16:49 --> 00:16:51 Babel Fish from The Hitchhiker Guide to
00:16:51 --> 00:16:54 the Galaxy see in hitchhiker law the
00:16:54 --> 00:16:56 Babel Fish was a small fish capable of
00:16:56 --> 00:16:59 real-time language translations well
00:16:59 --> 00:17:00 most existing machine learning
00:17:00 --> 00:17:03 translation systems are text oriented or
00:17:03 --> 00:17:04 they involve multiple steps often
00:17:04 --> 00:17:06 translating speech into text and then
00:17:06 --> 00:17:08 converting it into speech in another
00:17:08 --> 00:17:10 language the new model called seamless
00:17:10 --> 00:17:12 m4t does immediate speech to speech
00:17:12 --> 00:17:15 translations covering 101 languages a
00:17:15 --> 00:17:17 report of the journal Nature claims the
00:17:17 --> 00:17:19 new artificial intelligence model is
00:17:19 --> 00:17:20 capable of filtering out background
00:17:20 --> 00:17:23 noise and adjusting to speech variations
00:17:23 --> 00:17:26 with 23% more translation accuracy than
00:17:26 --> 00:17:27 other
00:17:27 --> 00:17:29 translators a Australia's largest
00:17:29 --> 00:17:31 telecommunications company Telstra has
00:17:31 --> 00:17:34 just signed on to spacex's starlink
00:17:34 --> 00:17:36 broadband internet satellite service
00:17:36 --> 00:17:38 with the details we joined by technology
00:17:38 --> 00:17:41 editor Alex Sahara Roy from Tech advice
00:17:41 --> 00:17:43 start live yeah now late last year the
00:17:43 --> 00:17:45 New Zealand company one NZ announced
00:17:45 --> 00:17:47 that it was launching satellite
00:17:47 --> 00:17:49 connectivity for regular mobile phones
00:17:49 --> 00:17:51 in this case the Galaxy flip 6 the fold
00:17:51 --> 00:17:54 6 the Galaxy s24 Ultra and the Oppo Find
00:17:54 --> 00:17:56 X8 funnily enough no mention of the
00:17:56 --> 00:17:58 iPhone there that's had emergency s
00:17:58 --> 00:18:00 satellite capabilities for the last
00:18:00 --> 00:18:02 couple of years with the iPhone 14
00:18:02 --> 00:18:04 onwards the tel has announced that it is
00:18:04 --> 00:18:06 bringing what is known as direct handset
00:18:06 --> 00:18:08 or satellite to mobile text messaging to
00:18:09 --> 00:18:11 customers in Australia and this is going
00:18:11 --> 00:18:13 to be for those people who don't have
00:18:13 --> 00:18:15 Mobile coverage it's not launched yet
00:18:15 --> 00:18:16 it's launching later this year the
00:18:17 --> 00:18:19 boiler plate text says that any LTE
00:18:19 --> 00:18:21 which is a 4G phone or above can can do
00:18:21 --> 00:18:23 this but given the new zealanders only
00:18:23 --> 00:18:25 specified a certain number of phones we
00:18:25 --> 00:18:27 yet to see what teler is going to be
00:18:27 --> 00:18:29 offering but satellite kind it is going
00:18:29 --> 00:18:31 to eventually also extend to data now
00:18:31 --> 00:18:33 this won't stop the 4G 5G and 6G
00:18:33 --> 00:18:35 networks being rolled out you get much
00:18:35 --> 00:18:37 faster connectivity ping times but it'll
00:18:37 --> 00:18:39 fill in all the black spots and 2025 an
00:18:40 --> 00:18:41 omage is the year that the tyrany of
00:18:41 --> 00:18:44 distance is yet once again smashed into
00:18:44 --> 00:18:46 ever greater irrelevancy is this just
00:18:46 --> 00:18:48 with starlink or is it with other
00:18:48 --> 00:18:49 satellite providers as well look so far
00:18:49 --> 00:18:52 it's only with starlink but Amazon is
00:18:52 --> 00:18:53 launching a whole bunch of satellites I
00:18:53 --> 00:18:54 mean China's launching satellites
00:18:54 --> 00:18:55 eventually there'll be other
00:18:55 --> 00:18:57 constellations that can do the same
00:18:57 --> 00:18:59 thing as well but musk has been
00:18:59 --> 00:19:01 launching rocket after rocket on SpaceX
00:19:01 --> 00:19:03 and styling has been launching version
00:19:03 --> 00:19:05 two satellites that can do much more in
00:19:05 --> 00:19:07 terms of bandwidth and data and speeds
00:19:07 --> 00:19:10 and latency so El my stying is first
00:19:10 --> 00:19:12 that others will undoubtedly follow
00:19:12 --> 00:19:15 that's Alex Sahara Roy from Tech advice.
00:19:15 --> 00:19:17 life
00:19:17 --> 00:19:25 [Music]
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