Astronomy Daily - The Podcast: S04E07
Welcome to another thrilling episode of Astronomy Daily, your go-to source for the latest updates in space and astronomy. I'm Anna, and today we have an exciting lineup of stories that highlight the dynamic and rapidly evolving nature of space exploration and cosmic discoveries.
Highlights:
- NASA's Mars Sample Return Mission Revamp: NASA has unveiled a major overhaul of its Mars Sample Return mission, potentially halving costs and bringing back Martian samples by 2035. The new strategies involve a nuclear-powered lander and partnerships with private industry, emphasizing a comprehensive scientific approach.
- SpaceX's Upcoming Moon Mission: SpaceX is set to launch Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost lunar lander. This mission, featuring the Resilience lander by Ispace, aims for a successful autonomous landing in the Mare Crisium basin, carrying 10 NASA experiments including the innovative Lexie X-Ray Imager.
- China's Guawang Constellation Launch: China's launch of the first batch of satellites for the Guawang Constellation raises questions due to scarce details about the mission. With plans for a 13,000-satellite network, this development could impact global connectivity and space traffic management.
- Urgent Call for In-Space Rescue Capabilities: Leading space experts emphasize the need for standardized rescue capabilities in orbit, highlighting current gaps in emergency planning and the importance of international cooperation.
- Breakthrough in Cosmic Ray Research: New research reveals that magnetic turbulence, not shockwaves, accelerates ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, offering insights into these powerful particles found near black holes and neutron stars.
- JWST's Stunning Discovery: The James Webb Space Telescope has identified 44 individual stars in a galaxy 6.5 billion light-years away, thanks to gravitational lensing. This discovery challenges previous limitations and opens new avenues for studying the distant universe.
For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, Tumblr, YouTubeMusic, YouTubeMusic, and TikTok. Share your thoughts and connect with fellow space enthusiasts.
Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.
00:00 - NASA is considering two streamlined approaches to bringing Martian samples back to Earth
02:22 - SpaceX is gearing up for another milestone moon launch with Firefly Aerospace's Blue Ghost
04:22 - China launches first batch of satellites for ambitious Guawang Constellation project
06:40 - Experts say we're not adequately prepared for emergency rescues in orbit
08:33 - Scientists uncover new insights into ultra high energy cosmic rays
10:29 - The James Webb Space Telescope has spotted 44 individual stars far away
✍️ Episode References
NASA Mars Sample Return Mission
[NASA Mars Sample Return Mission](https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/msr/index.html)
Perseverance Rover
[NASA Perseverance Rover](https://mars.nasa.gov/mars2020/)
SpaceX
[SpaceX](https://www.spacex.com/)
Firefly Aerospace
[Firefly Aerospace](https://firefly.com/)
Ispace
[Ispace](https://ispace-inc.com/)
Guawang Constellation
[Guawang Constellation](https://www.spacetechasia.com/china-to-launch-guowang-constellation/)
Thousand Sails Constellation
[Thousand Sails Constellation](https://www.spacetechasia.com/china-to-launch-thousand-sails-constellation/)
The Aerospace Corporation
[The Aerospace Corporation](https://aerospace.org/)
Astrophysical Journal Letters
[Astrophysical Journal Letters](https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/
8205)
10--- James Webb Space Telescope
[James Webb Space Telescope](https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/)
Abell 370
[Abell 370](https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/goddard/2020/hubble-captures-a-cosmic-tapestry-of-galaxies)
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Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/24973077?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:02 welcome to astronomy daily your source
00:00:02 --> 00:00:04 for the latest space in astronomy news
00:00:04 --> 00:00:06 I'm your host Anna and today we'll be
00:00:06 --> 00:00:08 exploring some fascinating developments
00:00:08 --> 00:00:11 in space exploration from Mars sample
00:00:11 --> 00:00:13 returns to breakthrough cosmic ray
00:00:13 --> 00:00:15 discoveries we've got an exciting lineup
00:00:16 --> 00:00:17 of stories that showcase just how
00:00:17 --> 00:00:20 Dynamic and rapidly evolving our
00:00:20 --> 00:00:22 understanding of space continues to be
00:00:22 --> 00:00:23 so let's get
00:00:23 --> 00:00:27 started big news from NASA about their
00:00:27 --> 00:00:29 ambitious Mar sample return Mission the
00:00:29 --> 00:00:31 space agency has just unveiled a major
00:00:31 --> 00:00:34 overhaul of their strategy to bring
00:00:34 --> 00:00:36 those precious Martian samples back to
00:00:36 --> 00:00:38 Earth they're now considering two
00:00:38 --> 00:00:40 streamlined approaches that could
00:00:40 --> 00:00:42 significantly reduce both cost and
00:00:42 --> 00:00:45 complexity the original plan came with a
00:00:45 --> 00:00:47 whopping price tag of up to 11 billion
00:00:47 --> 00:00:49 and wouldn't have seen samples return
00:00:49 --> 00:00:52 until 2040 but now NASA administrator
00:00:52 --> 00:00:54 Bill Nelson Has announced they've found
00:00:54 --> 00:00:56 ways to potentially cut those costs
00:00:56 --> 00:00:59 nearly in half with new estimates
00:00:59 --> 00:01:02 ranging between between 5.8 and7.7
00:01:03 --> 00:01:05 billion while potentially getting the
00:01:05 --> 00:01:07 samples back by
00:01:07 --> 00:01:09 2035 both new options focus on
00:01:09 --> 00:01:11 delivering the same essential Hardware
00:01:11 --> 00:01:13 to Mars a Lander carrying the Mars
00:01:13 --> 00:01:17 Ascent vehicle or MAV this rocket will
00:01:17 --> 00:01:19 be responsible for launching the samples
00:01:19 --> 00:01:20 currently being collected by the
00:01:20 --> 00:01:24 perseverance Rover into Mars orbit the
00:01:24 --> 00:01:25 key difference between the two
00:01:25 --> 00:01:28 approaches lies in how they'll land this
00:01:28 --> 00:01:30 Hardware on the red planet the first
00:01:30 --> 00:01:32 option would use a scaled up version of
00:01:32 --> 00:01:35 the tried and tested sky crane system
00:01:35 --> 00:01:37 that successfully landed both curiosity
00:01:37 --> 00:01:39 and perseverance Rovers the second
00:01:39 --> 00:01:41 approach would involve partnering With
00:01:41 --> 00:01:43 Private Industry for an alternative
00:01:43 --> 00:01:45 Landing system in a notable change from
00:01:45 --> 00:01:48 earlier designs both options will now
00:01:48 --> 00:01:50 use nuclear power instead of solar
00:01:50 --> 00:01:52 panels This switch gives the mission
00:01:52 --> 00:01:54 more operational flexibility allowing it
00:01:54 --> 00:01:56 to work during dust storms and keep the
00:01:56 --> 00:01:58 Rocket Motors at their optimal
00:01:58 --> 00:02:01 temperature next NASA isn't rushing to
00:02:01 --> 00:02:03 decide between these options they're
00:02:03 --> 00:02:05 taking until mid 2026 to make their
00:02:05 --> 00:02:07 final choice and while China has
00:02:07 --> 00:02:09 announced their own Mars sample return
00:02:09 --> 00:02:11 Mission targeting
00:02:11 --> 00:02:14 2028 NASA emphasizes that their mission
00:02:14 --> 00:02:16 offers a more comprehensive scientific
00:02:16 --> 00:02:19 approach collecting samples from various
00:02:19 --> 00:02:21 sites that once hosted liquid
00:02:21 --> 00:02:24 water next up SpaceX is gearing up for
00:02:25 --> 00:02:27 another Milestone Moon launch this time
00:02:27 --> 00:02:29 carrying Firefly aerospace's Blue Ghost
00:02:29 --> 00:02:32 lunar Lander the mission appropriately
00:02:32 --> 00:02:34 named Ghost Riders in the Sky is set to
00:02:34 --> 00:02:36 lift off from Kennedy Space Center on
00:02:36 --> 00:02:40 January 15th at 1:11 a.m. eastern time
00:02:40 --> 00:02:42 blue Ghost isn't making this journey
00:02:42 --> 00:02:44 alone it's sharing its ride to space
00:02:44 --> 00:02:46 with another lunar hopeful the
00:02:46 --> 00:02:48 resilience Lander built by Japanese
00:02:48 --> 00:02:51 company ispace this team is looking for
00:02:51 --> 00:02:53 Redemption after their previous attempt
00:02:53 --> 00:02:55 ended in a crash landing last April the
00:02:55 --> 00:02:58 mission plan is quite intricate after
00:02:58 --> 00:03:00 launch Blue Ghost will spend 20 5 days
00:03:00 --> 00:03:02 orbiting Earth before firing its engines
00:03:02 --> 00:03:04 to begin its lunar Journey once it
00:03:04 --> 00:03:07 reaches the moon it'll spend another 16
00:03:07 --> 00:03:09 days in lunar orbit preparing for what
00:03:09 --> 00:03:12 might be its most crucial moment the
00:03:12 --> 00:03:14 autonomous Landing attempt in Marium or
00:03:14 --> 00:03:17 the Sea of crises an ancient impact
00:03:17 --> 00:03:21 Basin roughly 460 M wide if everything
00:03:21 --> 00:03:23 goes according to plan we should see our
00:03:23 --> 00:03:25 first highdefinition images from the
00:03:25 --> 00:03:28 lunar surface within just 30 minutes of
00:03:28 --> 00:03:30 touchdown but Blue Ghost will need to
00:03:30 --> 00:03:33 work quickly it only has 14 days before
00:03:33 --> 00:03:36 lunar KN Falls and cuts off its solar
00:03:36 --> 00:03:38 power though its batteries will give it
00:03:38 --> 00:03:40 about 5 hours to capture the dramatic
00:03:40 --> 00:03:42 lunar dusk the Lander is carrying 10
00:03:42 --> 00:03:45 NASA experiments including some
00:03:45 --> 00:03:47 fascinating technology
00:03:47 --> 00:03:48 demonstrations one particularly
00:03:48 --> 00:03:51 interesting payload is Lexi the lunar
00:03:51 --> 00:03:53 environment heliospheric x-ray imager
00:03:53 --> 00:03:55 which will give us an unprecedented view
00:03:55 --> 00:03:57 of Earth's magnetic field as it
00:03:57 --> 00:04:00 interacts with solar wind scient are
00:04:00 --> 00:04:01 hoping to witness our planet's
00:04:01 --> 00:04:03 magnetosphere breathing expanding and
00:04:03 --> 00:04:05 Contracting in response to solar
00:04:05 --> 00:04:07 activity something we've never been able
00:04:07 --> 00:04:10 to observe before should Blue Ghost
00:04:10 --> 00:04:12 succeed in its Mission it will become
00:04:12 --> 00:04:14 just the second commercial lunar payload
00:04:14 --> 00:04:15 Services mission to reach the luner
00:04:16 --> 00:04:18 surface following the historic Landing
00:04:18 --> 00:04:20 of intuitive machines Odysseus mission
00:04:21 --> 00:04:22 last
00:04:22 --> 00:04:24 month now let's turn our attention to
00:04:24 --> 00:04:26 China in a significant development from
00:04:26 --> 00:04:28 China's space sector the nation has
00:04:28 --> 00:04:29 launched its first batch of sat
00:04:29 --> 00:04:31 satellites for the ambitious Guang
00:04:31 --> 00:04:34 constellation project while this marks a
00:04:34 --> 00:04:35 major step forward in China's space
00:04:35 --> 00:04:37 capabilities the launch has raised more
00:04:37 --> 00:04:40 questions than it's answered the initial
00:04:40 --> 00:04:42 deployment consisted of 10 satellites
00:04:42 --> 00:04:44 carried to orbit by a long march 5B
00:04:44 --> 00:04:46 rocket from the wenchong Spaceport a
00:04:46 --> 00:04:48 second batch is already at the launch
00:04:48 --> 00:04:50 site ready for deployment but details
00:04:50 --> 00:04:53 about these spacecraft remain remarkably
00:04:53 --> 00:04:55 scarce what's particularly intriguing is
00:04:55 --> 00:04:57 the lack of basic information that's
00:04:57 --> 00:04:59 typically shared about such launches we
00:04:59 --> 00:05:02 don't know the satellites size mass or
00:05:02 --> 00:05:04 even their exact capabilities this
00:05:05 --> 00:05:06 stands in stark contrast to China's
00:05:06 --> 00:05:08 other space internet project the
00:05:08 --> 00:05:11 Thousand sales constellation which has
00:05:11 --> 00:05:12 been quite open about its satellite
00:05:13 --> 00:05:15 specifications and Designs the choice to
00:05:15 --> 00:05:17 launch just 10 satellites on China's
00:05:17 --> 00:05:20 most powerful rocket capable of carrying
00:05:20 --> 00:05:23 up to 25 kg to low earth orbit has
00:05:24 --> 00:05:26 sparked speculation about their true
00:05:26 --> 00:05:28 nature some experts suggest these
00:05:28 --> 00:05:30 satellites might be designed for more
00:05:30 --> 00:05:32 than just internet services possibly
00:05:32 --> 00:05:34 carrying additional payloads for
00:05:34 --> 00:05:36 reconnaissance or other purposes the
00:05:36 --> 00:05:38 satellites are currently orbiting at an
00:05:38 --> 00:05:40 altitude similar to one web's
00:05:40 --> 00:05:44 constellation between 1,98 and
00:05:44 --> 00:05:47 1 kmet while this might suggest a
00:05:48 --> 00:05:49 smaller constellation focused on
00:05:50 --> 00:05:52 connectivity China's International
00:05:52 --> 00:05:54 filings indicate plans for an eventual
00:05:54 --> 00:05:56 network of 13
00:05:57 --> 00:05:59 satellites this lack of transparency
00:05:59 --> 00:06:01 becomes particularly concerning when
00:06:01 --> 00:06:03 considering the growing challenge of
00:06:03 --> 00:06:05 Space Traffic management with multiple
00:06:05 --> 00:06:07 Mega constellations being deployed by
00:06:07 --> 00:06:09 various Nations and companies including
00:06:09 --> 00:06:12 spacex's starlink and China's own
00:06:12 --> 00:06:14 thousand sales project the need for
00:06:14 --> 00:06:16 Clear communication and coordination
00:06:16 --> 00:06:18 between operators becomes increasingly
00:06:18 --> 00:06:21 critical as more launches are planned
00:06:21 --> 00:06:22 the space Community will be watching
00:06:22 --> 00:06:24 closely to see if China becomes more
00:06:24 --> 00:06:26 forthcoming about the Guang
00:06:26 --> 00:06:28 constellation's capabilities and
00:06:28 --> 00:06:30 intended purposes
00:06:30 --> 00:06:31 the Project's development could have
00:06:31 --> 00:06:34 significant implications not just for
00:06:34 --> 00:06:36 Global connectivity but also for Space
00:06:36 --> 00:06:38 Traffic management and International
00:06:38 --> 00:06:39 Space
00:06:39 --> 00:06:42 cooperation as our presence in space
00:06:42 --> 00:06:44 continues to expand a crucial Gap in our
00:06:44 --> 00:06:47 capabilities has come to light we're not
00:06:47 --> 00:06:49 adequately prepared for emergency
00:06:49 --> 00:06:52 rescues in orbit leading space experts
00:06:52 --> 00:06:53 are now calling for Urgent action to
00:06:53 --> 00:06:56 address this critical oversight the
00:06:56 --> 00:06:58 Aerospace corporation's recent space
00:06:58 --> 00:07:00 safety compendium report rep has
00:07:00 --> 00:07:02 highlighted what they term an inspace
00:07:02 --> 00:07:05 rescue capability Gap currently neither
00:07:05 --> 00:07:07 government agencies nor commercial
00:07:07 --> 00:07:09 spaceflight providers have comprehensive
00:07:09 --> 00:07:11 plans in place for rescuing Crews from
00:07:12 --> 00:07:14 distressed spacecraft whether in low
00:07:14 --> 00:07:17 earth orbit or Beyond this issue gained
00:07:17 --> 00:07:19 particular attention during recent
00:07:19 --> 00:07:21 events with NASA's Starliner Mission
00:07:22 --> 00:07:23 when astronauts Sunni Williams and Butch
00:07:23 --> 00:07:25 wilmore's stay on the International
00:07:25 --> 00:07:27 Space Station was extended from 8 days
00:07:27 --> 00:07:30 to nearly 10 months it highlighted the
00:07:30 --> 00:07:32 complexities of crew Logistics and
00:07:32 --> 00:07:35 emergency planning in space while NASA
00:07:35 --> 00:07:36 maintains that the astronauts were never
00:07:37 --> 00:07:39 stranded having access to return
00:07:39 --> 00:07:41 Vehicles throughout their stay the
00:07:41 --> 00:07:43 situation required Creative Solutions
00:07:43 --> 00:07:45 including temporary accommodations in a
00:07:45 --> 00:07:47 crew Dragon spacecraft that was already
00:07:47 --> 00:07:49 assigned to other crew
00:07:49 --> 00:07:51 members former NASA administrators
00:07:51 --> 00:07:55 Charles Balden Jim brightenstein and sha
00:07:55 --> 00:07:57 O'Keefe along with other space industry
00:07:57 --> 00:07:59 leaders are advocating for the develop M
00:07:59 --> 00:08:02 of International Rescue capabilities
00:08:02 --> 00:08:03 they emphasize the need for
00:08:03 --> 00:08:05 standardization in critical areas like
00:08:05 --> 00:08:08 docking systems and space suits current
00:08:08 --> 00:08:09 incompatibilities between different
00:08:09 --> 00:08:12 spacecraft systems could severely hamper
00:08:12 --> 00:08:15 rescue efforts the experts stress that
00:08:15 --> 00:08:18 we shouldn't wait for a disaster to act
00:08:18 --> 00:08:19 as one official noted we shouldn't need
00:08:19 --> 00:08:21 a space equivalent of the KK submarine
00:08:21 --> 00:08:23 disaster to drive these changes with the
00:08:23 --> 00:08:25 increasing number of both government and
00:08:25 --> 00:08:27 Commercial Crews heading to orbit the
00:08:27 --> 00:08:29 time to develop these capabilities is
00:08:29 --> 00:08:32 now before they're needed in an
00:08:32 --> 00:08:34 emergency in groundbreaking research
00:08:34 --> 00:08:36 published in the astrophysical journal
00:08:36 --> 00:08:39 letters scientists have uncovered new
00:08:39 --> 00:08:41 insights into one of space's most
00:08:41 --> 00:08:44 energetic Mysteries ultra high energy
00:08:44 --> 00:08:47 cosmic rays these incredible particles
00:08:47 --> 00:08:49 found in extreme environments near black
00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 holes and neutron stars pack an
00:08:51 --> 00:08:54 astounding punch carrying energy levels
00:08:54 --> 00:08:56 about 10 million times greater than
00:08:56 --> 00:08:58 particles in our most powerful particle
00:08:58 --> 00:08:59 accelerators here on Earth
00:08:59 --> 00:09:02 for years scientists believe these
00:09:02 --> 00:09:04 cosmic rays got their enormous energy
00:09:04 --> 00:09:06 from shock waves like those produced
00:09:06 --> 00:09:09 when stars explode but this new research
00:09:09 --> 00:09:11 reveals a different story the true
00:09:11 --> 00:09:14 Source appears to be magnetic turbulence
00:09:14 --> 00:09:16 essentially highly Tangled magnetic
00:09:16 --> 00:09:19 fields that Twist and Turn rapidly
00:09:19 --> 00:09:20 accelerating particles to these
00:09:20 --> 00:09:23 remarkable energy levels to put these
00:09:23 --> 00:09:25 energies in perspective while particles
00:09:25 --> 00:09:28 from our sun reach energies of about 10
00:09:28 --> 00:09:30 billion electron volts
00:09:30 --> 00:09:31 these cosmic rays can achieve a
00:09:31 --> 00:09:34 mindboggling 100 quintilian electron
00:09:34 --> 00:09:36 volts that's like comparing a grain of
00:09:36 --> 00:09:37 rice to the weight of the world's
00:09:37 --> 00:09:40 largest passenger aircraft an almost
00:09:40 --> 00:09:42 incomprehensible difference in
00:09:42 --> 00:09:45 scale what's particularly fascinating is
00:09:45 --> 00:09:47 that despite the vast difference in
00:09:47 --> 00:09:49 environments these cosmic rays share
00:09:49 --> 00:09:52 something in common with solar particles
00:09:52 --> 00:09:54 they both get their energy from Tangled
00:09:54 --> 00:09:57 magnetic fields it's a surprising
00:09:57 --> 00:09:59 connection between phenomena OCC uring
00:09:59 --> 00:10:01 at vastly different scales in our
00:10:01 --> 00:10:03 universe this discovery isn't just
00:10:03 --> 00:10:06 academic it helps resolve long-standing
00:10:06 --> 00:10:08 questions that have puzzled both
00:10:08 --> 00:10:10 astrophysicists and particle physicists
00:10:10 --> 00:10:12 about the mechanics Behind These
00:10:12 --> 00:10:15 mysterious cosmic rays the data clearly
00:10:15 --> 00:10:17 shows that magnetic turbulence better
00:10:17 --> 00:10:19 explains the observations than the
00:10:19 --> 00:10:21 previous shock acceleration Theory
00:10:21 --> 00:10:23 representing a significant breakthrough
00:10:23 --> 00:10:25 in our understanding of these powerful
00:10:25 --> 00:10:26 Cosmic
00:10:26 --> 00:10:29 phenomena let's get a JD us update
00:10:29 --> 00:10:32 the James web Space Telescope has once
00:10:32 --> 00:10:33 again pushed the boundaries of what we
00:10:33 --> 00:10:36 thought possible making an extraordinary
00:10:36 --> 00:10:38 Discovery that's challenging our
00:10:38 --> 00:10:40 understanding of the distant Universe
00:10:40 --> 00:10:43 thanks to a fascinating cosmic alignment
00:10:43 --> 00:10:46 web has spotted 44 individual stars in a
00:10:46 --> 00:10:49 galaxy that's an incredible 6.5 billion
00:10:49 --> 00:10:52 light years away that's halfway across
00:10:52 --> 00:10:54 the observable universe these stars were
00:10:54 --> 00:10:56 found in what astronomers call the
00:10:57 --> 00:10:59 dragon a striking tendril of light
00:10:59 --> 00:11:01 that's actually a distorted image of a
00:11:01 --> 00:11:02 distant spiral
00:11:02 --> 00:11:04 galaxy this remarkable view is made
00:11:04 --> 00:11:06 possible by a phenomenon called
00:11:06 --> 00:11:08 gravitational lensing where the massive
00:11:08 --> 00:11:11 able 370 Galaxy cluster acts like a
00:11:11 --> 00:11:13 giant magnifying glass bending and
00:11:13 --> 00:11:15 amplifying the light from galaxies
00:11:15 --> 00:11:18 behind it what makes this discovery even
00:11:18 --> 00:11:20 more fascinating is that these aren't
00:11:20 --> 00:11:23 just any stars they're red super Giants
00:11:23 --> 00:11:25 in their final life stages similar to
00:11:25 --> 00:11:27 our familiar neighbor Beetlejuice in the
00:11:27 --> 00:11:29 constellation Orion
00:11:29 --> 00:11:31 the discovery happened almost by
00:11:31 --> 00:11:33 accident when researchers were examining
00:11:33 --> 00:11:36 web images taken in 2022 and 2023 and
00:11:36 --> 00:11:38 noticed what appeared to be individual
00:11:38 --> 00:11:40 star points twinkling like Christmas
00:11:40 --> 00:11:42 lights the observation was further
00:11:42 --> 00:11:45 enhanced by an incredible Stroke of Luck
00:11:45 --> 00:11:46 individual Stars floating within the
00:11:47 --> 00:11:50 Obel 370 cluster temporarily lined up
00:11:50 --> 00:11:52 with the background Stars creating
00:11:52 --> 00:11:54 additional magnification this caused the
00:11:54 --> 00:11:56 Stars to appear and disappear between
00:11:56 --> 00:11:59 images creating a spectacular cos mic
00:11:59 --> 00:12:01 light show that nobody expected to see
00:12:01 --> 00:12:02 at such vast
00:12:02 --> 00:12:04 distances this discovery isn't just
00:12:04 --> 00:12:07 about breaking records it's opening new
00:12:07 --> 00:12:09 windows into studying the distant
00:12:09 --> 00:12:12 Universe before web the idea of spotting
00:12:12 --> 00:12:13 individual stars at such extreme
00:12:13 --> 00:12:16 distances was considered as impossible
00:12:16 --> 00:12:18 as trying to see dust grains and moon
00:12:18 --> 00:12:20 craters through binoculars yet here we
00:12:20 --> 00:12:21 are pushing the boundaries of what we
00:12:21 --> 00:12:25 thought possible in astronomical
00:12:25 --> 00:12:27 observation and that brings this episode
00:12:27 --> 00:12:29 to a close thanks for joining me today
00:12:29 --> 00:12:31 on another fascinating Journey Through
00:12:31 --> 00:12:33 the cosmos I'm Anna and it's been a
00:12:33 --> 00:12:35 pleasure bringing you these incredible
00:12:35 --> 00:12:37 stories from the frontiers of space
00:12:37 --> 00:12:40 exploration and astronomy before we wrap
00:12:40 --> 00:12:41 up I want to remind you that you can
00:12:41 --> 00:12:43 stay connected with all the latest space
00:12:43 --> 00:12:45 and astronomy news by visiting our
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00:13:13 --> 00:13:15 enthusiasts until next time keep looking
00:13:15 --> 00:13:17 up and wondering about the mysteries of
00:13:17 --> 00:13:19 our Incredible Universe this has been
00:13:19 --> 00:13:33 astronomy daily and I'm Anna signing off
00:13:33 --> 00:13:36 the St is the
00:13:36 --> 00:13:43 [Music]