00:00:00 --> 00:00:02 welcome to astronomy daily I'm Anna and
00:00:02 --> 00:00:03 you're tuning in to your daily dose of
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 space and astronomy news we've got an
00:00:06 --> 00:00:08 action-packed episode for you today
00:00:08 --> 00:00:10 filled with groundbreaking developments
00:00:10 --> 00:00:11 that are pushing the boundaries of human
00:00:11 --> 00:00:14 exploration and our understanding of the
00:00:14 --> 00:00:16 cosmos coming up we'll dive into a
00:00:16 --> 00:00:18 historic milestone in private space
00:00:18 --> 00:00:21 exploration as SpaceX achieves the first
00:00:21 --> 00:00:23 ever privately financed Space Walk we'll
00:00:23 --> 00:00:25 also check in on Japan's ambitious plans
00:00:25 --> 00:00:27 for a second moon landing attempt and
00:00:27 --> 00:00:29 discuss the latest hurdles facing
00:00:29 --> 00:00:31 spacex's star ship program but that's
00:00:31 --> 00:00:32 not all we'll take you on a journey to
00:00:32 --> 00:00:34 the far reaches of our galaxy as the
00:00:35 --> 00:00:36 James web Space Telescope unveils
00:00:36 --> 00:00:38 stunning new observations of star
00:00:38 --> 00:00:40 formation in the extreme outer regions
00:00:40 --> 00:00:42 of the Milky Way and finally we'll
00:00:43 --> 00:00:45 explore NASA's efforts to establish a
00:00:45 --> 00:00:47 standardized lunar time a crucial step
00:00:47 --> 00:00:49 for future Moon missions and Beyond
00:00:49 --> 00:00:51 stick around as we explore these
00:00:51 --> 00:00:53 fascinating stories and more on today's
00:00:53 --> 00:00:55 episode of astronomy daily first up an
00:00:55 --> 00:00:58 update on yesterday's story SpaceX has
00:00:58 --> 00:00:59 once again pushed the boundaries of
00:00:59 --> 00:01:01 commercial space exploration with a
00:01:01 --> 00:01:03 historic achievement in a groundbreaking
00:01:03 --> 00:01:05 Mission billionaire Jared ISAC man and
00:01:05 --> 00:01:08 SpaceX crew trainer Sarah Gillis
00:01:08 --> 00:01:09 successfully conducted the first
00:01:09 --> 00:01:12 privately financed spacewalk in history
00:01:12 --> 00:01:14 the spacewalk took place early Thursday
00:01:14 --> 00:01:16 morning with Isaac man and Gillis taking
00:01:16 --> 00:01:18 turns floating just outside their crew
00:01:18 --> 00:01:21 Dragon capsule at an altitude of 458 Mi
00:01:21 --> 00:01:23 above Earth they had an unobstructed
00:01:23 --> 00:01:25 view of our planet that left Isaac man
00:01:25 --> 00:01:28 in awe he remarked on the Serene
00:01:28 --> 00:01:30 boundary-free View noting that while
00:01:30 --> 00:01:31 there's much work to be done back on
00:01:31 --> 00:01:34 Earth from space it looks like a perfect
00:01:34 --> 00:01:36 world this wasn't just a joy ride in
00:01:36 --> 00:01:38 space though the primary goal of this 1
00:01:38 --> 00:01:41 hour and 46 minute Space Walk was to
00:01:41 --> 00:01:43 test spacex's new pressure suits Isaac
00:01:43 --> 00:01:45 man and Gillis performed a series of
00:01:45 --> 00:01:48 Mobility tests moving their arms hands
00:01:48 --> 00:01:50 and legs through various positions to
00:01:50 --> 00:01:51 assess the suit's comfort and
00:01:51 --> 00:01:54 functionality in the vacuum of space
00:01:54 --> 00:01:55 these new suits are a crucial
00:01:55 --> 00:01:58 development for spacex's ambitious plans
00:01:58 --> 00:02:00 the company aims to create low cost easy
00:02:00 --> 00:02:02 to manufacture space suits for future
00:02:02 --> 00:02:04 commercial astronauts who might One Day
00:02:04 --> 00:02:07 Fly To The Moon or Mars aboard spacex's
00:02:07 --> 00:02:10 super heavy Starship Rockets the suits
00:02:10 --> 00:02:12 feature some impressive Innovations
00:02:12 --> 00:02:14 including a heads up display projecting
00:02:14 --> 00:02:16 critical data onto the helmet visor
00:02:16 --> 00:02:18 something not found in NASA's current
00:02:18 --> 00:02:20 space suits they also incorporate
00:02:20 --> 00:02:22 thermal insulation and solar protection
00:02:22 --> 00:02:24 along with multiple redundancies in
00:02:24 --> 00:02:27 oxygen supply and other critical systems
00:02:27 --> 00:02:29 this successful spacewalk marks another
00:02:29 --> 00:02:31 milestone in spacex's Polaris Dawn
00:02:31 --> 00:02:33 Mission the first of three planned by
00:02:33 --> 00:02:36 Isaac man in cooperation with Elon Musk
00:02:36 --> 00:02:37 it's a significant step forward in the
00:02:37 --> 00:02:39 commercialization of space travel and
00:02:39 --> 00:02:41 exploration demonstrating that private
00:02:41 --> 00:02:43 companies can now perform complex
00:02:43 --> 00:02:45 operations once reserved for government
00:02:45 --> 00:02:48 space agencies as we look to the future
00:02:48 --> 00:02:50 of space exploration this achievement
00:02:50 --> 00:02:52 opens up exciting possibilities for
00:02:52 --> 00:02:54 commercial space Ventures and brings us
00:02:54 --> 00:02:56 one step closer to making space more
00:02:56 --> 00:02:59 accessible to civilians in other space
00:02:59 --> 00:03:00 news today Japanese space exploration
00:03:01 --> 00:03:02 company ipace is gearing up for another
00:03:02 --> 00:03:04 shot at the Moon their second lunar
00:03:04 --> 00:03:06 Landing mission is set to launch as
00:03:06 --> 00:03:09 early as December just over a year and a
00:03:09 --> 00:03:11 half after their first attempt the
00:03:11 --> 00:03:14 company's CEO teshi hakamada announced
00:03:14 --> 00:03:16 that the hakuto r mission 2 will be
00:03:16 --> 00:03:18 delivered to space aboard a SpaceX
00:03:18 --> 00:03:21 Falcon 9 rocket launching from Florida
00:03:21 --> 00:03:23 after a journey of four to 5 months the
00:03:23 --> 00:03:25 spacecraft will attempt its crucial
00:03:25 --> 00:03:28 lunar touchdown this Mission follows I
00:03:28 --> 00:03:30 space's first moonlanding attemp attt in
00:03:30 --> 00:03:31 April
00:03:31 --> 00:03:33 2023 which unfortunately failed in the
00:03:33 --> 00:03:35 final moments due to an altitude
00:03:35 --> 00:03:38 miscalculation despite this setback the
00:03:38 --> 00:03:39 company remains determined to achieve
00:03:39 --> 00:03:42 its goals if successful ipace would join
00:03:42 --> 00:03:45 the ranks of us-based intuitive machines
00:03:45 --> 00:03:46 which made history in February by
00:03:46 --> 00:03:48 completing the world's first private
00:03:48 --> 00:03:50 moon landing it's clear that the
00:03:50 --> 00:03:51 commercial space race to the moon is
00:03:51 --> 00:03:54 heating up with private companies vying
00:03:54 --> 00:03:55 to establish their presence on our
00:03:55 --> 00:03:57 Celestial neighbor by space's
00:03:57 --> 00:03:58 persistence highlights the growing
00:03:59 --> 00:04:01 interest in lunar exploration not just
00:04:01 --> 00:04:03 from National Space agencies but also
00:04:03 --> 00:04:05 from the private sector the Moon is
00:04:05 --> 00:04:07 increasingly seen as a frontier for
00:04:07 --> 00:04:09 potential resource extraction and as a
00:04:09 --> 00:04:11 stepping stone for further space
00:04:11 --> 00:04:13 exploration it's not all good news for
00:04:13 --> 00:04:16 SpaceX today they're highly anticipated
00:04:16 --> 00:04:17 fifth test flight of its Starship rocket
00:04:17 --> 00:04:20 is facing unexpected delays the Federal
00:04:20 --> 00:04:23 Aviation Administration or FAA has
00:04:23 --> 00:04:24 announced that a final license
00:04:24 --> 00:04:27 determination for Starship flight 5 is
00:04:27 --> 00:04:30 not expected before late November 2024
00:04:30 --> 00:04:32 this comes as a setback for SpaceX who
00:04:32 --> 00:04:34 had been gearing up for the launch since
00:04:34 --> 00:04:36 their successful fourth flight in June
00:04:36 --> 00:04:38 the delay stems from spacex's decision
00:04:38 --> 00:04:41 to modify both the vehicle configuration
00:04:41 --> 00:04:43 and Mission profile for flight 5
00:04:43 --> 00:04:44 triggering a more in-depth review
00:04:44 --> 00:04:47 process additionally new information
00:04:47 --> 00:04:50 submitted by SpaceX in August detailed a
00:04:50 --> 00:04:53 larger environmental impact area than
00:04:53 --> 00:04:55 previously reviewed requiring further
00:04:55 --> 00:04:58 consultation with other agencies SpaceX
00:04:58 --> 00:05:00 has expressed frustration with this
00:05:00 --> 00:05:02 development stating that the Starship
00:05:02 --> 00:05:03 vehicle has been technically ready to
00:05:03 --> 00:05:06 fly since early August in a blog post
00:05:06 --> 00:05:08 the company criticize the regulatory
00:05:08 --> 00:05:10 environment claiming that it now takes
00:05:10 --> 00:05:12 longer to complete government paperwork
00:05:12 --> 00:05:14 for a launch license than to design and
00:05:14 --> 00:05:17 build the actual rocket this situation
00:05:17 --> 00:05:19 highlights the growing tension between
00:05:19 --> 00:05:20 the rapid pace of technological
00:05:20 --> 00:05:22 advancement in the private space
00:05:22 --> 00:05:24 industry and the necessarily cautious
00:05:24 --> 00:05:27 approach of government oversight as
00:05:27 --> 00:05:28 companies like SpaceX push the
00:05:28 --> 00:05:31 boundaries of space exploration finding
00:05:31 --> 00:05:33 the right balance between Innovation and
00:05:33 --> 00:05:35 safety remains a critical challenge for
00:05:35 --> 00:05:37 the industry let's take a look out into
00:05:37 --> 00:05:39 deep space now in a groundbreaking study
00:05:39 --> 00:05:42 NASA's James web Space Telescope has
00:05:42 --> 00:05:43 turned its powerful gaze to the farthest
00:05:44 --> 00:05:46 reaches of our Milky Way capturing
00:05:46 --> 00:05:48 stunning images of star forming regions
00:05:48 --> 00:05:50 in what astronomers call the extreme
00:05:50 --> 00:05:53 outer Galaxy this area located more than
00:05:53 --> 00:05:55 58 light years from the galactic
00:05:55 --> 00:05:57 center is nearly twice as far as Earth's
00:05:57 --> 00:06:00 position the web telescope
00:06:00 --> 00:06:03 using its neram and Mir instruments
00:06:03 --> 00:06:05 focused on two molecular clouds known as
00:06:05 --> 00:06:07 deagle clouds 1 and 2 these observations
00:06:08 --> 00:06:09 have revealed unprecedented details of
00:06:09 --> 00:06:11 star clusters undergoing intense bursts
00:06:12 --> 00:06:14 of star formation the images show very
00:06:14 --> 00:06:17 young protostars outflows in Jets and
00:06:17 --> 00:06:19 unique nebular structures with a level
00:06:19 --> 00:06:21 of clarity never before achieved what
00:06:21 --> 00:06:23 makes these observations particularly
00:06:23 --> 00:06:25 exciting is that the deagle clouds are
00:06:25 --> 00:06:28 relatively poor in elements heavier than
00:06:28 --> 00:06:30 hydrogen and helium this composition is
00:06:30 --> 00:06:32 similar to dwarf galaxies and what our
00:06:32 --> 00:06:34 own Milky Way might have looked like in
00:06:34 --> 00:06:36 its early history by studying these
00:06:36 --> 00:06:38 regions astronomers can gain valuable
00:06:38 --> 00:06:40 insights into the processes of star
00:06:40 --> 00:06:43 formation in environments that mimic the
00:06:43 --> 00:06:45 conditions of the early Universe one of
00:06:45 --> 00:06:47 the most striking discoveries was in
00:06:47 --> 00:06:50 Cloud 2s where web captured a main
00:06:50 --> 00:06:53 cluster of young newly formed Stars this
00:06:53 --> 00:06:55 dense area is bustling with activity
00:06:55 --> 00:06:57 showing several Stars emitting extended
00:06:57 --> 00:06:59 Jets of material from their poles the
00:06:59 --> 00:07:01 imagery also confirmed the existence of
00:07:01 --> 00:07:03 a previously suspected subcluster within
00:07:03 --> 00:07:05 the cloud these observations are just
00:07:05 --> 00:07:07 the beginning scientists planned to
00:07:07 --> 00:07:10 revisit this Galactic Outpost to unravel
00:07:10 --> 00:07:12 more Mysteries including how the
00:07:12 --> 00:07:14 environment influences the formation of
00:07:14 --> 00:07:16 different types of stars and why
00:07:16 --> 00:07:19 circumstellar diss in the extreme outer
00:07:19 --> 00:07:21 Galaxy have shorter lifetimes compared
00:07:21 --> 00:07:23 to those closer to us the web
00:07:23 --> 00:07:25 telescope's ability to peer into these
00:07:25 --> 00:07:27 distant primordial likee environments is
00:07:27 --> 00:07:29 providing astronomers with a unique
00:07:29 --> 00:07:32 opportunity to study star formation in
00:07:32 --> 00:07:33 conditions similar to those that existed
00:07:33 --> 00:07:36 billions of years ago this research not
00:07:36 --> 00:07:38 only enhances our understanding of our
00:07:38 --> 00:07:40 Galaxy's history but also sheds light on
00:07:40 --> 00:07:42 the fundamental processes that shape the
00:07:43 --> 00:07:45 universe as we know it and finally today
00:07:45 --> 00:07:47 let's revisit a story we first brought
00:07:47 --> 00:07:49 to your attention some months ago in a
00:07:49 --> 00:07:51 move that underscores the complexities
00:07:51 --> 00:07:53 of space exploration NASA is taking on a
00:07:53 --> 00:07:55 task that might seem mundane at first
00:07:55 --> 00:07:57 glance but is actually crucial for
00:07:57 --> 00:07:59 future lunar missions establishing a
00:07:59 --> 00:08:02 standardized lunar time the space agency
00:08:02 --> 00:08:03 is spearheading efforts to create what's
00:08:04 --> 00:08:06 being called coordinated lunar time or
00:08:06 --> 00:08:09 LTC this initiative comes in response to
00:08:09 --> 00:08:11 a White House policy directive issued in
00:08:11 --> 00:08:13 April recognizing the need for a unified
00:08:13 --> 00:08:15 timekeeping system on the moon you might
00:08:15 --> 00:08:17 wonder why we can't just use Earth time
00:08:17 --> 00:08:19 on the moon well it turns out that time
00:08:19 --> 00:08:20 moves differently on the lunar surface
00:08:20 --> 00:08:23 due to the effects of Relativity atomic
00:08:23 --> 00:08:24 clocks on the moon would actually tick
00:08:24 --> 00:08:26 faster than those on Earth by microsc
00:08:26 --> 00:08:28 per day while that might not sound like
00:08:28 --> 00:08:31 much in the Precision dependent world of
00:08:31 --> 00:08:33 space exploration those tiny differences
00:08:33 --> 00:08:36 can add up to significant discrepancies
00:08:36 --> 00:08:38 to put this into perspective NASA
00:08:38 --> 00:08:40 scientist Cheryl gramling explains that
00:08:41 --> 00:08:42 for something traveling at the speed of
00:08:42 --> 00:08:45 light a 56 microc difference is enough
00:08:45 --> 00:08:48 time to cover a distance of about 168
00:08:48 --> 00:08:50 football fields that kind of variation
00:08:50 --> 00:08:52 could pose serious risks for navigation
00:08:52 --> 00:08:54 and communication in lunar missions the
00:08:54 --> 00:08:56 plan is to establish a network of atomic
00:08:56 --> 00:08:59 clocks on the moon similar to how we
00:08:59 --> 00:09:00 determine coordinated universal time
00:09:01 --> 00:09:02 here on Earth however the exact
00:09:02 --> 00:09:04 locations for these clocks are still
00:09:04 --> 00:09:06 being determined as scientists grapple
00:09:06 --> 00:09:08 with the complexities of lunar
00:09:08 --> 00:09:10 timekeeping this lunar time standard
00:09:10 --> 00:09:12 isn't just about the moon though NASA
00:09:12 --> 00:09:14 sees it as a scalable solution that
00:09:14 --> 00:09:16 could be applied to Future Mars missions
00:09:16 --> 00:09:18 and exploration of other celestial
00:09:18 --> 00:09:20 bodies in our solar system as we enter
00:09:20 --> 00:09:22 an era of increased commercial space
00:09:22 --> 00:09:24 activity and international collaboration
00:09:24 --> 00:09:27 in lunar exploration having a shared
00:09:27 --> 00:09:29 definition of time becomes more critical
00:09:29 --> 00:09:31 than ever it's an essential component
00:09:31 --> 00:09:33 for ensuring safe resilient and
00:09:33 --> 00:09:35 sustainable operations beyond Earth in
00:09:35 --> 00:09:38 essence NASA's luner time initiative is
00:09:38 --> 00:09:40 laying the groundwork for a new era of
00:09:40 --> 00:09:43 space exploration one where we're not
00:09:43 --> 00:09:44 just visitors to other worlds but
00:09:45 --> 00:09:47 potentially long-term inhabitants it's a
00:09:47 --> 00:09:49 small step in timekeeping but a giant
00:09:49 --> 00:09:52 leap for our future in space and that
00:09:52 --> 00:09:54 wraps up our Cosmic Journey for today on
00:09:54 --> 00:09:56 astronomy daily I'm Anna and I hope
00:09:56 --> 00:09:58 you've enjoyed this Whirlwind tour of
00:09:58 --> 00:10:00 the latest developments in space
00:10:00 --> 00:10:02 exploration and astronomical discoveries
00:10:02 --> 00:10:04 if you're hungry for more space news
00:10:04 --> 00:10:06 don't forget to visit our website at
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00:10:36 --> 00:10:39 daily pod on Facebook X YouTube and Tik
00:10:39 --> 00:10:41 Tok and speaking of social media I'd
00:10:41 --> 00:10:42 like to give a shout out today to Don
00:10:42 --> 00:10:44 Porter one of our long-term listeners on
00:10:44 --> 00:10:46 YouTube Don's a frequent commenter and I
00:10:46 --> 00:10:48 just want to say thank you Don I really
00:10:48 --> 00:10:50 appreciate the feedback and if you'd
00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 like to get a mention on the show just
00:10:52 --> 00:10:53 be like Don and leave us a comment or
00:10:53 --> 00:10:55 review on one of our channels I'll keep
00:10:55 --> 00:10:58 an eye out for it and that's it see you
00:10:58 --> 00:11:00 next time and remember as I love to say
00:11:00 --> 00:11:06 keep looking up
00:11:06 --> 00:11:21 [Music]