Astronomy Daily - The Podcast: S03E187
Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your trusted source for the latest and most exciting space and Astronomy news. I'm Anna, and today we're embarking on a cosmic adventure filled with fascinating discoveries and developments from the universe.
Highlights:
- Betelgeuse's Mysterious Behavior: Explore the latest theory about Betelgeuse, the enigmatic red supergiant star. Scientists suspect it might have a companion, affectionately dubbed "Beetle Buddy," which could explain its recent dimming and brightening. Could this cosmic giant be hiding secrets about its future supernova potential?
- Mars Rover's Ascent : Get the latest updates from Mars, where NASA's Perseverance rover is navigating the challenging terrain of the Jezero Crater rim. Discover its scientific endeavors, including capturing stunning images of Mars' moons and studying Martian rocks for clues about the planet's geological history.
- Unusual Cosmic Radio Signal: Delve into the mystery of a newly discovered cosmic radio pulse, ASCAP J1935+2148, with an unprecedented cycle of nearly an hour. What could be causing this bizarre behavior, and how might it challenge our understanding of neutron stars and white dwarfs?
- NASA's Future Challenges: A recent report highlights critical issues facing NASA, from outdated infrastructure to budget mismatches. Explore the recommendations for rebalancing priorities and the tough decisions that lie ahead for the agency.
- James Webb Space Telescope's Discoveries: Uncover groundbreaking observations of ancient quasars by the James Webb Space Telescope. These findings challenge our current models of black hole growth and galaxy formation, revealing surprisingly lonely supermassive black holes in the early universe.
For more space news , visit our website at astronomydaily.io (https://www.astronomydaily.io) . There, you can sign up for our free Daily newsletter, check out our sponsor links for great deals, and catch up on all the latest news with our constantly updating newsfeed. You'll also find all our previous episodes available for listening.
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Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.
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00:00:00 --> 00:00:02 welcome to astronomy daily your go-to
00:00:02 --> 00:00:03 source for the latest and most exciting
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 space in astronomy news I'm Anna and I'm
00:00:06 --> 00:00:08 thrilled to bring you another episode
00:00:08 --> 00:00:10 packed with fascinating discoveries and
00:00:10 --> 00:00:12 developments from the cosmos today we'll
00:00:12 --> 00:00:14 Journey Across the Universe starting
00:00:14 --> 00:00:16 with some intriguing updates about
00:00:16 --> 00:00:18 Beetle Juice that enigmatic star that's
00:00:18 --> 00:00:21 been keeping astronomers on their toes
00:00:21 --> 00:00:23 we'll then zoom in on Mars where NASA's
00:00:23 --> 00:00:25 perseverance Rover has been making some
00:00:25 --> 00:00:27 impressive climbs and discoveries but
00:00:27 --> 00:00:29 that's not all we'll also delve into
00:00:29 --> 00:00:31 some mind bending Cosmic phenomena
00:00:31 --> 00:00:33 including a puzzling radio signal that's
00:00:33 --> 00:00:35 challenging our understanding of the
00:00:35 --> 00:00:37 universe and we'll round things off with
00:00:37 --> 00:00:38 some groundbreaking observations from
00:00:38 --> 00:00:40 the James web Space Telescope that are
00:00:40 --> 00:00:42 reshaping our views of the early
00:00:42 --> 00:00:44 universe so buckle up and get ready for
00:00:44 --> 00:00:46 a cosmic Adventure as we explore the
00:00:46 --> 00:00:48 wonders of our universe together on
00:00:48 --> 00:00:49 astronomy
00:00:49 --> 00:00:52 daily let's turn our attention to one of
00:00:52 --> 00:00:54 the most intriguing stars in our night
00:00:54 --> 00:00:58 sky Beetle juu this red super giant the
00:00:58 --> 00:01:01 10th brightest star visible from Earth
00:01:01 --> 00:01:02 has been puzzling astronomers with its
00:01:02 --> 00:01:05 peculiar behavior in recent years now
00:01:05 --> 00:01:07 scientists have come up with a
00:01:07 --> 00:01:08 fascinating new theory that might
00:01:08 --> 00:01:10 explain its mysterious dimming and
00:01:10 --> 00:01:13 brightening between November 2019 and
00:01:13 --> 00:01:16 March 2020 Beetlejuice visibly dimmed
00:01:17 --> 00:01:18 leading to speculation that it might be
00:01:18 --> 00:01:20 on the verge of going Supernova then
00:01:21 --> 00:01:22 just a couple of years later it suddenly
00:01:22 --> 00:01:25 brightened by 50% these dramatic
00:01:25 --> 00:01:27 fluctuations left astronomers scratching
00:01:27 --> 00:01:30 their heads enter the latest hypothesis
00:01:30 --> 00:01:32 Beetlejuice might have a companion
00:01:32 --> 00:01:33 that's right this Cosmic giant may not
00:01:33 --> 00:01:36 be flying solo after all scientists have
00:01:36 --> 00:01:37 affectionately dubbed this potential
00:01:37 --> 00:01:40 Stellar sidekick Beetle buddy according
00:01:40 --> 00:01:42 to a study accepted for publication in
00:01:42 --> 00:01:45 the astrophysical journal researchers
00:01:45 --> 00:01:47 have ruled out every intrinsic source of
00:01:47 --> 00:01:49 variability they could think of to
00:01:49 --> 00:01:51 explain beetlejuice's recent Antics the
00:01:51 --> 00:01:53 only hypothesis that seemed to fit was
00:01:53 --> 00:01:55 the presence of a companion star
00:01:55 --> 00:01:57 computer simulations suggest that if
00:01:57 --> 00:02:00 Beetle buddy exists it acts like a cel
00:02:00 --> 00:02:02 snow plow as it orbits Beetle Juice it
00:02:02 --> 00:02:04 pushes dust out of the way temporarily
00:02:04 --> 00:02:06 making Bal juice appear brighter to us
00:02:06 --> 00:02:08 here on Earth while we don't know for
00:02:08 --> 00:02:11 certain what battal buddy might be the
00:02:11 --> 00:02:12 best guess is that it's a star about
00:02:13 --> 00:02:15 twice the mass of our sun some
00:02:15 --> 00:02:16 researchers even speculate it could be a
00:02:16 --> 00:02:19 neutron star though that's a more exotic
00:02:19 --> 00:02:21 and less probable scenario this
00:02:21 --> 00:02:23 companion star Theory not only helps
00:02:23 --> 00:02:25 explain Beetle Juice's recent Behavior
00:02:25 --> 00:02:26 but could also provide insights into the
00:02:26 --> 00:02:29 Stars pulsations Beetle juu has two
00:02:29 --> 00:02:31 distinct pulses one about 6 years long
00:02:31 --> 00:02:33 and another just over a year
00:02:33 --> 00:02:35 understanding which of these is the
00:02:35 --> 00:02:37 Stars fundamental mode could help
00:02:37 --> 00:02:38 astronomers predict when Beetlejuice
00:02:38 --> 00:02:39 might go
00:02:39 --> 00:02:42 supernova the next step for astronomers
00:02:42 --> 00:02:43 is to try and observe Bal buddy directly
00:02:43 --> 00:02:45 using a telescope this potential
00:02:46 --> 00:02:48 companion star if confirmed could prompt
00:02:48 --> 00:02:50 us to reconsider our understanding of
00:02:50 --> 00:02:53 neutron stars and their behavior it's a
00:02:53 --> 00:02:54 reminder that even well-known stars like
00:02:54 --> 00:02:56 Beetlejuice can still hold Secrets
00:02:56 --> 00:02:57 waiting to be
00:02:58 --> 00:03:00 uncovered next up let's get update from
00:03:00 --> 00:03:03 Mars the favorite planet of many of you
00:03:03 --> 00:03:05 NASA's perseverance Rover has been
00:03:05 --> 00:03:06 making steady progress in its
00:03:06 --> 00:03:08 challenging Ascent of the jazero Crater
00:03:08 --> 00:03:11 Rim on Mars over the past week the Rover
00:03:11 --> 00:03:13 has been carefully navigating the Steep
00:03:13 --> 00:03:15 terrain which is composed of loose
00:03:15 --> 00:03:18 Martian soil called regolith this makes
00:03:18 --> 00:03:20 the climb particularly tricky as the
00:03:20 --> 00:03:21 Rover's Wheels tend to slip on the
00:03:21 --> 00:03:24 steepest sections to overcome these
00:03:24 --> 00:03:26 obstacles the science and engineering
00:03:26 --> 00:03:28 teams at Nasa are working closely
00:03:28 --> 00:03:31 together to plan slow careful drives
00:03:31 --> 00:03:33 they've identified a relatively clear
00:03:33 --> 00:03:35 path up the Crater Rim which they've
00:03:35 --> 00:03:37 aptly named Summerland Trail after a
00:03:37 --> 00:03:39 popular hiking trail on Mount rineer
00:03:40 --> 00:03:42 back on Earth as perseverance makes its
00:03:42 --> 00:03:44 way along this Trail it's not just
00:03:44 --> 00:03:46 focused on the climb the Rover is
00:03:46 --> 00:03:48 constantly observing its surroundings
00:03:48 --> 00:03:50 using its Advanced instruments to study
00:03:50 --> 00:03:52 the Martian landscape the supercam and
00:03:52 --> 00:03:54 Mast cam Z have been busy capturing
00:03:54 --> 00:03:56 images of rocks on the ground and on a
00:03:56 --> 00:03:59 distant Hill called Crystal Creek
00:03:59 --> 00:04:01 but that's not all perseverance has also
00:04:02 --> 00:04:04 been turning its gaze Skyward last week
00:04:04 --> 00:04:06 the mcam Z camera captured stunning
00:04:06 --> 00:04:09 images of Phobos one of Mars Two Moons
00:04:09 --> 00:04:11 as it transited in front of the sun this
00:04:11 --> 00:04:13 Celestial observation adds another layer
00:04:13 --> 00:04:15 to the Rover's scientific repertoire the
00:04:15 --> 00:04:17 Rover's next Target is an outcrop of
00:04:17 --> 00:04:19 rocks called Pico turino here the
00:04:20 --> 00:04:21 science team plans to conduct detailed
00:04:21 --> 00:04:24 studies using the pxl instrument and the
00:04:24 --> 00:04:26 newly reactivated Sherlock these
00:04:26 --> 00:04:28 instruments will provide valuable data
00:04:28 --> 00:04:29 about the composition and structure of
00:04:29 --> 00:04:31 of the Martian rocks potentially
00:04:31 --> 00:04:33 offering new insights into the planet's
00:04:33 --> 00:04:35 geological history despite the
00:04:35 --> 00:04:37 excitement of reaching the ancient
00:04:37 --> 00:04:39 stratigraphy exposed in the Crater Rim
00:04:39 --> 00:04:42 the Mars 2020 team is maintaining a
00:04:42 --> 00:04:44 steady focus on documenting the current
00:04:44 --> 00:04:47 surroundings while carefully navigating
00:04:47 --> 00:04:48 this challenging
00:04:48 --> 00:04:51 Ascent next a discovery that has
00:04:51 --> 00:04:53 astronomers scratching their heads and
00:04:53 --> 00:04:55 say now what in a groundbreaking
00:04:55 --> 00:04:57 discovery astronomers have stumbled upon
00:04:57 --> 00:04:59 a cosmic radio pulse that's un like
00:04:59 --> 00:05:02 anything we've ever seen before this
00:05:02 --> 00:05:04 newly detected radio transient named AAP
00:05:04 --> 00:05:06 J
00:05:06 --> 00:05:08 1 plus
00:05:08 --> 00:05:11 2 has a cycle of nearly an hour
00:05:11 --> 00:05:14 making it the longest ever recorded
00:05:14 --> 00:05:15 typically when we point our radio
00:05:15 --> 00:05:18 telescopes into space we detect brief
00:05:18 --> 00:05:19 bursts of radio waves from distant parts
00:05:19 --> 00:05:22 of the universe these bursts known as
00:05:22 --> 00:05:23 radio transients can behave in different
00:05:23 --> 00:05:26 ways some appear once and never return
00:05:26 --> 00:05:28 While others blink on and off in regular
00:05:28 --> 00:05:30 patterns most of these are believed to
00:05:30 --> 00:05:33 come from rotating neutron stars or
00:05:33 --> 00:05:35 pulsers which emit consistent pulses of
00:05:35 --> 00:05:38 radio waves like Cosmic lighthouses but
00:05:38 --> 00:05:41 ASCAP J
00:05:41 --> 00:05:43 1 plus
00:05:43 --> 00:05:46 2 is something entirely different
00:05:46 --> 00:05:49 its 53.8 minute cycle is far longer than
00:05:49 --> 00:05:51 anything we've observed before what's
00:05:52 --> 00:05:53 even more intriguing is that this
00:05:53 --> 00:05:56 Celestial odity exhibits three distinct
00:05:56 --> 00:05:58 States in one state it produces bright
00:05:58 --> 00:06:01 linearly polar ized pulses lasting up to
00:06:01 --> 00:06:03 50 seconds in another it emits much
00:06:03 --> 00:06:05 weaker circularly polarized pulses
00:06:05 --> 00:06:09 lasting only about 370 monds and in its
00:06:09 --> 00:06:10 third state it goes completely quiet
00:06:10 --> 00:06:13 with no detectable pulses at all so what
00:06:13 --> 00:06:15 could be causing this bizarre behavior
00:06:15 --> 00:06:17 scientists are still scratching their
00:06:17 --> 00:06:19 heads but the prime suspect is a slow
00:06:19 --> 00:06:22 spinning neutron star however our
00:06:22 --> 00:06:23 current understanding of neutron stars
00:06:23 --> 00:06:25 suggests they shouldn't be able to have
00:06:25 --> 00:06:27 such a long period another possibility
00:06:27 --> 00:06:29 is that it could be a white dwarf the
00:06:29 --> 00:06:31 Earth sized remnant of a burnt-out star
00:06:31 --> 00:06:33 but white dwarfs aren't known to produce
00:06:33 --> 00:06:35 radio signals like this the discovery of
00:06:35 --> 00:06:37 aspj
00:06:37 --> 00:06:39 1 plus
00:06:39 --> 00:06:42 2 might prompt us to reconsider our
00:06:42 --> 00:06:43 decades old understanding of neutron
00:06:43 --> 00:06:46 stars and white dwarfs it could provide
00:06:46 --> 00:06:47 valuable insights into the physics of
00:06:47 --> 00:06:49 these extreme objects and how they emit
00:06:49 --> 00:06:52 radio waves what's particularly exciting
00:06:52 --> 00:06:54 is that there might be many more objects
00:06:54 --> 00:06:56 like this out there waiting to be
00:06:56 --> 00:06:58 discovered we were quite fortunate to
00:06:58 --> 00:07:00 catch sight of ASCAP J
00:07:00 --> 00:07:03 1 plus
00:07:03 --> 00:07:06 2 given that its radio emissions are
00:07:06 --> 00:07:07 only detectable for a tiny fraction of
00:07:08 --> 00:07:10 its rotation period as we continue to
00:07:10 --> 00:07:13 explore the cosmos discoveries like this
00:07:13 --> 00:07:15 remind us that the Universe still has
00:07:15 --> 00:07:17 plenty of surprises in store they
00:07:17 --> 00:07:18 challenge our existing theories and push
00:07:19 --> 00:07:21 us to expand our understanding of the
00:07:21 --> 00:07:24 cosmos now let's turn our attention to a
00:07:24 --> 00:07:25 critical issue facing one of the world's
00:07:25 --> 00:07:28 leading space agencies a recent report
00:07:28 --> 00:07:30 by the US national cies of Sciences
00:07:30 --> 00:07:33 engineering and medicine has raised some
00:07:33 --> 00:07:35 serious concerns about NASA's future
00:07:35 --> 00:07:38 titled NASA at a Crossroads this report
00:07:38 --> 00:07:40 doesn't mince words about the challenges
00:07:40 --> 00:07:43 ahead the report identifies several key
00:07:43 --> 00:07:44 issues that NASA needs to address
00:07:44 --> 00:07:46 urgently these include outdated
00:07:46 --> 00:07:48 infrastructure pressure to prioritize
00:07:48 --> 00:07:51 short-term goals budget mismatches and
00:07:51 --> 00:07:54 inefficient management practices it also
00:07:54 --> 00:07:56 points out that NASA's Reliance on
00:07:56 --> 00:07:58 Commercial Partners may not always be
00:07:58 --> 00:08:00 strategic what's particularly striking
00:08:00 --> 00:08:02 is the report's recommendation that NASA
00:08:02 --> 00:08:04 should rebalance its priorities it
00:08:04 --> 00:08:06 suggests increasing investments in
00:08:06 --> 00:08:08 facilities expert Workforce and
00:08:08 --> 00:08:10 cuttingedge Technology development even
00:08:10 --> 00:08:12 if it means delaying the start of New
00:08:12 --> 00:08:14 Missions this is a bold stance that
00:08:14 --> 00:08:16 underscores the severity of the
00:08:16 --> 00:08:19 situation the environment in which NASA
00:08:19 --> 00:08:21 operates has become increasingly complex
00:08:21 --> 00:08:23 rapid technological advancements
00:08:23 --> 00:08:24 competition for talent with the
00:08:24 --> 00:08:26 commercial space sector and a declining
00:08:26 --> 00:08:29 Federal discretionary budget are all
00:08:29 --> 00:08:31 putting pressure on the agency add to
00:08:31 --> 00:08:32 this the lack of timely Congressional
00:08:32 --> 00:08:35 authorization acts and increasing
00:08:35 --> 00:08:37 competition from countries like China
00:08:37 --> 00:08:38 and you can see why NASA is at a
00:08:38 --> 00:08:41 Crossroads the report's authors led by
00:08:41 --> 00:08:43 former Lockheed Martin CEO Norm
00:08:43 --> 00:08:45 Augustine emphasize that this is not a
00:08:45 --> 00:08:48 time for business as usual they argue
00:08:48 --> 00:08:50 that NASA's continued success is at risk
00:08:50 --> 00:08:52 due to the mismatch between its budget
00:08:52 --> 00:08:55 and its programs a focus on short-term
00:08:55 --> 00:08:58 objectives and aging infrastructure what
00:08:58 --> 00:09:00 does this mean for the future of space
00:09:00 --> 00:09:02 exploration well it's clear that tough
00:09:02 --> 00:09:04 decisions lie ahead NASA may need to
00:09:04 --> 00:09:06 make some difficult choices about which
00:09:06 --> 00:09:08 missions to prioritize in which to delay
00:09:08 --> 00:09:10 or cancel the agency might also need to
00:09:10 --> 00:09:12 redirect funds from exciting new
00:09:12 --> 00:09:14 projects to less glamorous but essential
00:09:14 --> 00:09:15 infrastructure
00:09:15 --> 00:09:18 upgrades this situation raises important
00:09:18 --> 00:09:19 questions about how we as a society
00:09:19 --> 00:09:21 value space exploration and scientific
00:09:22 --> 00:09:24 research are we willing to invest in the
00:09:24 --> 00:09:26 long-term health of our space program
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 even if it means fewer headline grabbing
00:09:28 --> 00:09:30 missions in the short term the answers
00:09:30 --> 00:09:32 to these questions will shape the future
00:09:32 --> 00:09:34 of space exploration for years to
00:09:34 --> 00:09:37 come the James web Space Telescope has
00:09:37 --> 00:09:39 once again pushed the boundaries of our
00:09:39 --> 00:09:41 understanding of the early Universe in a
00:09:41 --> 00:09:43 groundbreaking discovery astronomers
00:09:43 --> 00:09:45 have used the telescope to peer back an
00:09:45 --> 00:09:48 astounding 13 billion years revealing
00:09:48 --> 00:09:50 surprisingly lonely super massive black
00:09:50 --> 00:09:53 holes powering ancient quers this
00:09:53 --> 00:09:54 finding has left scientists scratching
00:09:54 --> 00:09:57 their heads you see these isolated black
00:09:57 --> 00:09:59 holes shouldn't have been able to grow
00:09:59 --> 00:10:01 to such enormous sizes especially when
00:10:01 --> 00:10:03 the universe was just a few hundred
00:10:03 --> 00:10:05 million years old it's like finding a
00:10:05 --> 00:10:07 fully grown adult in a nursery it just
00:10:07 --> 00:10:09 doesn't add up the team studied five of
00:10:09 --> 00:10:12 the earliest known quizar formed when
00:10:12 --> 00:10:14 the cosmos was a mere infant at 600 to
00:10:14 --> 00:10:16 700 million years old what they found
00:10:16 --> 00:10:18 was puzzling the environments around
00:10:18 --> 00:10:20 these quers called quazar Fields varied
00:10:20 --> 00:10:23 widely some were packed with galaxies as
00:10:23 --> 00:10:24 expected but others were surprisingly
00:10:24 --> 00:10:27 empty lacking the cosmic Buffet needed
00:10:27 --> 00:10:28 to feed a growing super massive black
00:10:28 --> 00:10:30 hole
00:10:30 --> 00:10:31 this discovery challenges our current
00:10:31 --> 00:10:33 models of how these Cosmic Giants came
00:10:34 --> 00:10:36 to be previously we thought super
00:10:36 --> 00:10:38 massive black holes needed densely
00:10:38 --> 00:10:40 populated neighborhoods to grow
00:10:40 --> 00:10:43 rapidly but now it seems some of these
00:10:43 --> 00:10:45 ancient behemoths were sitting in Cosmic
00:10:45 --> 00:10:47 deserts with little to no Galactic
00:10:48 --> 00:10:50 company the implications of this finding
00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 are far-reaching it forces us to
00:10:52 --> 00:10:54 reconsider our theories about black hole
00:10:54 --> 00:10:57 growth and even Galaxy formation itself
00:10:57 --> 00:10:58 the current understanding involves a
00:10:59 --> 00:11:01 vast Cosmic web of Dark Matter guiding
00:11:01 --> 00:11:03 the formation of early galaxies and
00:11:03 --> 00:11:05 quazars but these lonely quazars don't
00:11:05 --> 00:11:07 quite fit into that picture so what's
00:11:07 --> 00:11:10 going on well one possibility is that
00:11:10 --> 00:11:12 these quazars are surrounded by Cosmic
00:11:12 --> 00:11:14 dust hiding their Galactic Neighbors
00:11:14 --> 00:11:17 from view alternatively there might be
00:11:17 --> 00:11:20 entirely new mechanisms at play allowing
00:11:20 --> 00:11:22 these black holes to grow rapidly even
00:11:22 --> 00:11:23 in
00:11:23 --> 00:11:25 isolation as we continue to explore the
00:11:25 --> 00:11:27 early Universe with the James web Space
00:11:27 --> 00:11:30 Telescope we're bound to cover more
00:11:30 --> 00:11:32 surprises each new discovery brings us
00:11:32 --> 00:11:34 closer to understanding The Cosmic Dawn
00:11:34 --> 00:11:36 but also reminds us how much we still
00:11:36 --> 00:11:37 have to learn about our vast and
00:11:37 --> 00:11:39 Mysterious
00:11:39 --> 00:11:41 Universe and that wraps up today's
00:11:41 --> 00:11:44 episode of astronomy daily we've covered
00:11:44 --> 00:11:45 some fascinating developments from
00:11:45 --> 00:11:47 beetlejuice's potential companion star
00:11:47 --> 00:11:49 to the perseverance Rover's challenging
00:11:49 --> 00:11:52 climb on Mars we've also explored the
00:11:52 --> 00:11:53 discovery of the longest Cosmic radio
00:11:53 --> 00:11:56 pulse ever detected and discussed NASA's
00:11:56 --> 00:11:58 current challenges finally we delved
00:11:58 --> 00:12:00 into the J web space telescopes
00:12:00 --> 00:12:02 surprising observations of ancient
00:12:02 --> 00:12:04 quazars if you're hungry for more space
00:12:04 --> 00:12:06 in astronomy news head over to our
00:12:06 --> 00:12:07 website at astronomy
00:12:07 --> 00:12:09 daily. there you can sign up for our
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00:12:17 --> 00:12:19 also find all our previous episodes
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00:12:27 --> 00:12:29 with us between episodes this is
00:12:29 --> 00:12:31 thanking you for tuning in to astronomy
00:12:31 --> 00:12:33 daily keep looking up and we'll see you
00:12:33 --> 00:12:39 next time
00:12:39 --> 00:12:54 [Music]