Astronomy Daily - The Podcast: S03E195
Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your trusted source for the latest space and Astronomy news. I'm your host, Anna, and today we have an exciting array of stories, from the challenges of orbital debris to the latest in lunar and Martian exploration.
Highlights:
- Intelsat 33e Breakup: The recent disintegration of the Intelsat 33e satellite has intensified concerns over space debris, adding to the already critical situation in low Earth orbit. With over 13,000 metric tons of space junk orbiting our planet, this incident underscores the urgent need for effective measures to prevent further collisions and ensure safe operations in space.
- Mars's Cosmic Googly Eye: NASA's Perseverance rover has captured a stunning sight of Mars's moon Phobos transiting the sun, creating a cosmic googly eye effect. This observation helps scientists refine their understanding of Phobos's orbital dynamics, revealing its gradual descent towards Mars.
- Comet Detection Innovation: A new approach to comet detection, by analyzing meteor showers, could revolutionize our ability to predict potentially hazardous long-period comets. This method could provide early warnings and enhance planetary defense strategies.
- China's Mars Sample Return Race : China's ambitious Tianwen 3 mission aims to return Mars samples by 2028, potentially outpacing NASA's efforts. This space race highlights the growing competition in Martian exploration and its implications for future space leadership.
- India's Lunar Ambitions : The Chandrayaan 4 mission is set to launch in 2028, targeting the Moon's south pole for a sample return mission. This endeavor marks a significant step in India's broader lunar exploration strategy, aiming for human lunar landings by 2040.
- IRIS 2 Broadband Constellation : The European Commission's IRIS 2 project, aiming to deploy over 290 satellites, faces delays and cost increases. Despite challenges, the initiative seeks to bolster European space industry resilience and connectivity.
For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. (https://www.astronomydaily.io) Sign up for our free Daily newsletter, explore sponsor deals, and catch up on past episodes. Join our community on social media by finding us as #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, Tumblr, and TikTok . Share your thoughts and connect with fellow space enthusiasts.
Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.
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Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/23825319?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:02 welcome to astronomy daily your source
00:00:02 --> 00:00:03 for the latest news in space and
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 astronomy I'm your host Anna and today
00:00:06 --> 00:00:08 we've got a fascinating Roundup of
00:00:08 --> 00:00:10 stories covering everything from orbital
00:00:10 --> 00:00:12 debris concerns to lunar missions and
00:00:12 --> 00:00:15 Mars exploration we'll be exploring some
00:00:15 --> 00:00:16 groundbreaking developments that are
00:00:16 --> 00:00:18 shaping our understanding of the cosmos
00:00:18 --> 00:00:21 and Humanity's ambitious Ventures beyond
00:00:21 --> 00:00:23 Earth our first story today highlights a
00:00:23 --> 00:00:26 growing crisis above our heads the
00:00:26 --> 00:00:28 recent breakup of the Intel sat 33e
00:00:28 --> 00:00:31 satellite has added another troubling
00:00:31 --> 00:00:33 chapter to the mounting space debris
00:00:33 --> 00:00:35 problem this Broadband Communications
00:00:35 --> 00:00:39 satellite positioned about 35 km
00:00:39 --> 00:00:41 above the Indian Ocean Suddenly lost
00:00:41 --> 00:00:44 power and broke into at least 20 pieces
00:00:44 --> 00:00:46 according to us space forces
00:00:46 --> 00:00:48 confirmation this incident adds to an
00:00:48 --> 00:00:51 already critical situation in low earth
00:00:51 --> 00:00:53 orbit where we currently have an
00:00:53 --> 00:00:55 estimated 13 metric tons of space
00:00:55 --> 00:00:58 junk circling our planet it's a stark
00:00:58 --> 00:01:00 reminder of what scientists is called
00:01:00 --> 00:01:02 the Kesler syndrome a scenario first
00:01:02 --> 00:01:05 proposed by NASA scientists in 1978
00:01:05 --> 00:01:07 where the density of objects in orbit
00:01:07 --> 00:01:10 becomes so high that collisions create a
00:01:10 --> 00:01:12 Cascade effect generating more debris
00:01:12 --> 00:01:15 and more collisions the numbers are
00:01:15 --> 00:01:18 staggering the European space agency's
00:01:18 --> 00:01:20 space debris office estimates there are
00:01:20 --> 00:01:21 about
00:01:21 --> 00:01:24 40 objects larger than 10 cm in
00:01:24 --> 00:01:27 orbit plus an additional 1.1 million
00:01:27 --> 00:01:30 objects between 1 and 10 cm and a
00:01:30 --> 00:01:33 staggering 130 million pieces smaller
00:01:33 --> 00:01:36 than a centimeter back in 2009 Donald
00:01:36 --> 00:01:38 Kesler himself declared that the orbital
00:01:38 --> 00:01:40 situation had already reached the point
00:01:40 --> 00:01:41 of
00:01:41 --> 00:01:43 instability while tracking technology is
00:01:43 --> 00:01:45 improving and various Solutions are
00:01:45 --> 00:01:47 being developed including missions like
00:01:47 --> 00:01:49 addrress J and clear sat 1 designed to
00:01:49 --> 00:01:51 actively remove debris The Challenge
00:01:51 --> 00:01:54 continues to grow the intelsat incident
00:01:54 --> 00:01:55 underscores the urgent need for better
00:01:56 --> 00:01:57 Frameworks to prevent future collisions
00:01:57 --> 00:01:59 and address the removal of existing
00:01:59 --> 00:02:02 space debris without effective action we
00:02:02 --> 00:02:04 risk compromising our ability to safely
00:02:05 --> 00:02:07 operate in Earth orbit potentially
00:02:07 --> 00:02:09 impacting everything from Communications
00:02:09 --> 00:02:12 to scientific research next up today
00:02:12 --> 00:02:14 let's get a Mars update in what can only
00:02:14 --> 00:02:16 be described as a fascinating
00:02:16 --> 00:02:18 astronomical spectacle NASA's
00:02:18 --> 00:02:20 perseverance Rover has captured an eerie
00:02:20 --> 00:02:22 and remarkable sight from its vantage
00:02:22 --> 00:02:24 point in Mars's jezero
00:02:24 --> 00:02:27 crater the Rover witnessed Phobos one of
00:02:27 --> 00:02:30 Mars's two moons passing directly
00:02:30 --> 00:02:33 between the Sun and Mars creating what
00:02:33 --> 00:02:35 looks remarkably like a cosmic googly
00:02:35 --> 00:02:38 eye in the Martian sky this rare Transit
00:02:38 --> 00:02:41 occurred on September 30th during the
00:02:41 --> 00:02:42 Rover's
00:02:42 --> 00:02:46 1 Martian day of exploration using
00:02:46 --> 00:02:48 its Advanced mastcam Z camera system
00:02:48 --> 00:02:50 perseverance recorded the potato-shaped
00:02:50 --> 00:02:53 moon as it partially blocked the sun's
00:02:53 --> 00:02:56 disc casting its shadow known as the
00:02:56 --> 00:02:59 antumbra across the red planet's surface
00:02:59 --> 00:03:01 to put this Celestial dance in
00:03:01 --> 00:03:04 perspective Phobos is quite tiny
00:03:04 --> 00:03:07 compared to our own Moon about 157 times
00:03:07 --> 00:03:10 smaller in fact measuring only 17 mil
00:03:10 --> 00:03:12 across at its widest point despite its
00:03:12 --> 00:03:14 small size these transits are relatively
00:03:14 --> 00:03:17 common on Mars because Phobos orbits
00:03:17 --> 00:03:19 very close to the planet's surface and
00:03:19 --> 00:03:21 almost perfectly along its Equator the
00:03:21 --> 00:03:25 moon completes an orbit every 7.6 hours
00:03:25 --> 00:03:27 which means these Transit events
00:03:27 --> 00:03:30 typically last only about 30 seconds
00:03:30 --> 00:03:32 what makes this observation particularly
00:03:32 --> 00:03:34 valuable is that it helps scientists
00:03:34 --> 00:03:37 refine their understanding of phobos's
00:03:37 --> 00:03:39 orbital Dynamics by comparing images of
00:03:40 --> 00:03:42 these transits over time researchers can
00:03:42 --> 00:03:45 track subtle changes in the moon's orbit
00:03:45 --> 00:03:47 current calculations suggest that Phobos
00:03:47 --> 00:03:49 is gradually moving closer to Mars and
00:03:49 --> 00:03:51 is predicted to collide with the planet
00:03:51 --> 00:03:54 in approximately 50 million years a
00:03:54 --> 00:03:56 cosmic blink of an eye in astronomical
00:03:56 --> 00:03:59 terms this isn't the first time NASA has
00:03:59 --> 00:04:01 C Ed such an event on Mars several
00:04:01 --> 00:04:03 Rovers including curiosity and
00:04:03 --> 00:04:05 opportunity have witnessed similar
00:04:05 --> 00:04:07 transits over the years but each
00:04:07 --> 00:04:09 observation adds another piece to our
00:04:09 --> 00:04:11 understanding of Mars complex system of
00:04:11 --> 00:04:13 moons and their ultimate
00:04:13 --> 00:04:15 fate speaking of things colliding with
00:04:16 --> 00:04:18 Planets For Those who've long viewed
00:04:18 --> 00:04:20 comets as mysterious harbingers in our
00:04:20 --> 00:04:22 night sky scientists are now developing
00:04:22 --> 00:04:24 an Innovative approach that could
00:04:24 --> 00:04:26 revolutionize how we detect these
00:04:26 --> 00:04:29 Celestial Wanderers by studying meteor
00:04:29 --> 00:04:31 shower hours researchers believe they
00:04:31 --> 00:04:33 can predict the orbits of potentially
00:04:33 --> 00:04:36 hazardous long period comets years
00:04:36 --> 00:04:37 before they become visible to our
00:04:37 --> 00:04:40 telescopes the connection between meteor
00:04:40 --> 00:04:42 showers and comets has been well
00:04:42 --> 00:04:44 established those spectacular shooting
00:04:44 --> 00:04:46 stars we see during events like the
00:04:46 --> 00:04:49 perseids or Geminids are actually debris
00:04:49 --> 00:04:51 Trails left behind by comets Crossing
00:04:51 --> 00:04:54 Earth's orbit but until now astronomers
00:04:54 --> 00:04:56 have typically worked forward from known
00:04:56 --> 00:04:58 comets to identify meteor showers this
00:04:59 --> 00:05:01 new research flips that approach on its
00:05:01 --> 00:05:03 head using sophisticated computer
00:05:03 --> 00:05:05 simulations scientists have demonstrated
00:05:06 --> 00:05:08 that by carefully analyzing metor shower
00:05:08 --> 00:05:10 patterns they could potentially Trace
00:05:10 --> 00:05:13 them back to their parent comets even
00:05:13 --> 00:05:15 when those comets are still far from the
00:05:15 --> 00:05:16 inner solar
00:05:16 --> 00:05:18 system with the upcoming reuin
00:05:18 --> 00:05:21 observatory's powerful Skys scanning
00:05:21 --> 00:05:23 capabilities this method could provide
00:05:23 --> 00:05:26 crucial early warnings of approaching
00:05:26 --> 00:05:28 comets the team simulations covered
00:05:28 --> 00:05:31 comets with orbital periods ranging from
00:05:31 --> 00:05:34 200 to 4 years while not all Comet
00:05:34 --> 00:05:36 orbits produce useful shower patterns
00:05:36 --> 00:05:39 the researchers identified 17 scenarios
00:05:39 --> 00:05:41 where meteor shower observations could
00:05:41 --> 00:05:43 help locate their parent comets months
00:05:43 --> 00:05:46 or even years before traditional
00:05:46 --> 00:05:48 detection methods would spot them
00:05:48 --> 00:05:49 they've already put this Theory to the
00:05:49 --> 00:05:52 test with real world data looking at the
00:05:52 --> 00:05:54 sigma hydrid meteor shower which appears
00:05:54 --> 00:05:56 each December researchers found they
00:05:56 --> 00:05:58 could have predicted the arrival of
00:05:58 --> 00:06:00 comet nishimura 8 months before its
00:06:00 --> 00:06:02 actual Discovery in
00:06:02 --> 00:06:05 2023 this practical demonstration shows
00:06:05 --> 00:06:07 just how powerful this new detection
00:06:07 --> 00:06:09 method could be for planetary defense
00:06:09 --> 00:06:11 and our understanding of these ancient
00:06:11 --> 00:06:15 solar system visitors next up news from
00:06:15 --> 00:06:18 China's rapidly developing space program
00:06:18 --> 00:06:20 a fascinating space race is heating up
00:06:20 --> 00:06:22 between China and the United States but
00:06:22 --> 00:06:23 this time it's not about putting humans
00:06:23 --> 00:06:25 on another world it's about who will be
00:06:25 --> 00:06:27 the first to bring pieces of Mars back
00:06:27 --> 00:06:29 to Earth China has recently announced
00:06:30 --> 00:06:31 plans to accelerate their Mars sample
00:06:31 --> 00:06:33 return Mission aiming to launch chenn 3
00:06:33 --> 00:06:37 in 2028 2 years earlier than previously
00:06:37 --> 00:06:39 scheduled this ambitious Mission will
00:06:39 --> 00:06:40 require two separate launches using
00:06:40 --> 00:06:43 China's Long March 5 carrier Rockets the
00:06:43 --> 00:06:45 plan involves Not Just landing on Mars
00:06:45 --> 00:06:47 but also collecting samples launching
00:06:47 --> 00:06:49 them back into Mars orbit and then
00:06:49 --> 00:06:51 safely returning them to Earth all
00:06:51 --> 00:06:53 within the same year China's approach
00:06:53 --> 00:06:55 draws on their successful lunar sample
00:06:55 --> 00:06:57 return missions including their recent
00:06:57 --> 00:07:00 farside Moon sample collection meanwhile
00:07:00 --> 00:07:03 NASA's Mars sample return Mission a
00:07:03 --> 00:07:04 joint effort with the European Space
00:07:04 --> 00:07:07 Agency continues to face scrutiny and
00:07:07 --> 00:07:09 challenges the project is currently
00:07:09 --> 00:07:12 under review with teams working to find
00:07:12 --> 00:07:15 a way to bring samples back before 2040
00:07:15 --> 00:07:17 while keeping costs under 11
00:07:17 --> 00:07:20 billion these samples would come from
00:07:20 --> 00:07:22 carefully selected cores currently being
00:07:22 --> 00:07:24 collected by the perseverance Rover in
00:07:24 --> 00:07:26 jazero Crater the scientific Community
00:07:26 --> 00:07:28 has mixed feelings about this
00:07:28 --> 00:07:30 competition while while many researchers
00:07:30 --> 00:07:32 welcom the prospect of getting Mars
00:07:32 --> 00:07:34 samples sooner rather than later
00:07:34 --> 00:07:36 regardless of the source others
00:07:36 --> 00:07:37 expressed concern about China
00:07:37 --> 00:07:39 potentially achieving this Milestone
00:07:39 --> 00:07:42 first some experts are calling this a
00:07:42 --> 00:07:44 potential Sputnik moment that could have
00:07:44 --> 00:07:46 significant implications for future Mars
00:07:47 --> 00:07:49 exploration leadership China's mission
00:07:49 --> 00:07:51 may opt for a simpler grab sample
00:07:51 --> 00:07:54 approach collecting whatever material is
00:07:54 --> 00:07:56 Within Reach of their Lander while this
00:07:56 --> 00:07:58 might be less scientifically valuable
00:07:58 --> 00:08:01 than NASA's carefully selected samples
00:08:01 --> 00:08:02 the political and technological
00:08:02 --> 00:08:04 achievement of being first to return
00:08:04 --> 00:08:06 material from Mars could Mark a
00:08:06 --> 00:08:10 significant shift in space exploration
00:08:10 --> 00:08:12 prominence and another country with
00:08:12 --> 00:08:14 aspirations of bringing samples back
00:08:14 --> 00:08:17 from a Celestial neighbor India's space
00:08:17 --> 00:08:18 program is taking another bold step
00:08:18 --> 00:08:20 forward with their recently announced
00:08:20 --> 00:08:23 chandron 4 Mission the Indian space
00:08:23 --> 00:08:25 research organization or ISRO is
00:08:25 --> 00:08:28 targeting a 2028 launch for this
00:08:28 --> 00:08:30 ambitious sample return to the Moon
00:08:30 --> 00:08:33 South Pole aiming to collect around 3 Kg
00:08:33 --> 00:08:34 of lunar material from this
00:08:34 --> 00:08:37 scientifically fascinating region the
00:08:37 --> 00:08:39 mission's complexity is remarkable
00:08:39 --> 00:08:41 involving five separate spacecraft
00:08:41 --> 00:08:44 modules and requiring two launches of
00:08:44 --> 00:08:48 India's most powerful rocket the lvm 3
00:08:48 --> 00:08:50 the carefully choreographed plan calls
00:08:50 --> 00:08:52 for a Lander and Sample collecting
00:08:52 --> 00:08:54 Ascender to be launched first followed
00:08:54 --> 00:08:56 by a transfer module and re-entry module
00:08:56 --> 00:08:58 that will orbit the Moon after
00:08:58 --> 00:08:59 collecting the samples
00:09:00 --> 00:09:01 the Ascender will launch from the lunar
00:09:01 --> 00:09:04 surface and perform a crucial rendevu
00:09:04 --> 00:09:06 with the orbiting modules before the
00:09:06 --> 00:09:08 samples begin their Journey back to
00:09:08 --> 00:09:10 Earth to prepare for one of the
00:09:10 --> 00:09:13 mission's most challenging aspects the
00:09:13 --> 00:09:15 orbital docking of spacecraft ISRO will
00:09:15 --> 00:09:18 conduct a space docking experiment known
00:09:18 --> 00:09:20 as Spex either later this year or in
00:09:20 --> 00:09:23 early 2025 they're also developing new
00:09:23 --> 00:09:26 technologies including a robotic arm for
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 surface sample collection and a drilling
00:09:28 --> 00:09:29 mechanism to gather material from
00:09:29 --> 00:09:32 beneath the lunar surface what makes
00:09:32 --> 00:09:34 this Mission particularly interesting is
00:09:34 --> 00:09:36 its Target location near the lunar South
00:09:36 --> 00:09:38 Pole an area rich in water ice that's
00:09:38 --> 00:09:40 becoming increasingly important for
00:09:40 --> 00:09:43 future space exploration at an estimated
00:09:43 --> 00:09:46 cost of about $250 million isero is
00:09:46 --> 00:09:48 demonstrating its ability to achieve
00:09:48 --> 00:09:49 ambitious goals while maintaining
00:09:49 --> 00:09:52 relatively modest budgets the chreon 4
00:09:52 --> 00:09:54 Mission isn't standing alone it's part
00:09:54 --> 00:09:57 of India's broader lunar exploration
00:09:57 --> 00:09:59 strategy plans are already in motion for
00:09:59 --> 00:10:02 chandrian 5 a joint Mission with Japan
00:10:02 --> 00:10:04 that will feature a much larger Rover
00:10:04 --> 00:10:06 these missions are Stepping Stones
00:10:06 --> 00:10:08 toward India's ultimate goal of Landing
00:10:08 --> 00:10:10 astronauts on the Moon by 2040 and
00:10:10 --> 00:10:12 establishing a lunar base before
00:10:12 --> 00:10:15 2050 next as if our skies weren't
00:10:15 --> 00:10:17 cluttered enough already the European
00:10:17 --> 00:10:19 commission has recently announced its
00:10:19 --> 00:10:21 pressing ahead with its ambitious plans
00:10:21 --> 00:10:24 for a sovereign Broadband constellation
00:10:24 --> 00:10:26 though the project is facing some
00:10:26 --> 00:10:29 significant hurdles the initiative known
00:10:29 --> 00:10:32 as Iris 2 infrastructure for resilience
00:10:32 --> 00:10:34 interconnectivity and security by
00:10:34 --> 00:10:37 satellite aims to deploy more than 290
00:10:37 --> 00:10:40 Satellites by 2030 creating a robust
00:10:40 --> 00:10:41 Communications Network for both
00:10:41 --> 00:10:44 government and commercial use originally
00:10:44 --> 00:10:48 slated to begin Global Services by 2027
00:10:48 --> 00:10:50 with satellite deployment starting in
00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 2025 the project has encountered delays
00:10:52 --> 00:10:55 and substantial cost increases what
00:10:55 --> 00:10:58 began as a 6.5 billion Euro venture has
00:10:58 --> 00:11:01 now reportedly ballooned to around 10
00:11:01 --> 00:11:03 billion the initial funding structure
00:11:03 --> 00:11:06 which called for 60% Public Funding with
00:11:06 --> 00:11:07 the remainder coming from Private
00:11:07 --> 00:11:10 Industry is currently being reassessed a
00:11:10 --> 00:11:12 Consortium called space rice led by
00:11:13 --> 00:11:15 Major European satellite operators sces
00:11:15 --> 00:11:18 utat and hispasat has submitted what's
00:11:18 --> 00:11:20 being called a best and final offer for
00:11:20 --> 00:11:23 the project while the details remain
00:11:23 --> 00:11:25 Under Wraps the European commission is
00:11:25 --> 00:11:27 proceeding with a 12-year concession
00:11:27 --> 00:11:29 contract though they've noted that
00:11:29 --> 00:11:30 additional funding Arrangements may be
00:11:30 --> 00:11:32 necessary after
00:11:32 --> 00:11:35 2027 the project has also seen some
00:11:35 --> 00:11:37 interesting shifts in its industrial
00:11:37 --> 00:11:39 organization European manufacturing
00:11:39 --> 00:11:41 Giants Airbus defense and space and
00:11:41 --> 00:11:44 thees alenia space who were initially
00:11:44 --> 00:11:46 co-leaders of the Consortium have now
00:11:46 --> 00:11:49 moved into subcontractor roles this
00:11:49 --> 00:11:51 restructuring appears to be in response
00:11:51 --> 00:11:53 to price and performance pressures
00:11:53 --> 00:11:55 despite these challenges the European
00:11:55 --> 00:11:57 commission remains committed to ensuring
00:11:57 --> 00:11:58 the project benefits the broader
00:11:58 --> 00:12:00 European space industry they're
00:12:00 --> 00:12:02 maintaining their requirement that at
00:12:02 --> 00:12:04 least 30% of larger contracts be
00:12:04 --> 00:12:07 subcontracted to smaller businesses
00:12:07 --> 00:12:09 aiming to foster a more diverse and
00:12:09 --> 00:12:12 robust space economy across the
00:12:12 --> 00:12:14 region and that brings us to the end of
00:12:15 --> 00:12:17 today's space and astronomy news thanks
00:12:17 --> 00:12:19 for tuning in to another episode of
00:12:19 --> 00:12:21 astronomy daily I'm Anna and I hope
00:12:21 --> 00:12:23 you've enjoyed today's Journey Through
00:12:23 --> 00:12:24 the latest developments in space
00:12:24 --> 00:12:27 exploration and astronomy if you want to
00:12:27 --> 00:12:28 stay up to date with all the latest
00:12:28 --> 00:12:30 happenings in space space head over to
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00:12:57 --> 00:12:59 signing off until tomorrow's exploration
00:12:59 --> 00:13:07 of the cosmos keep looking up
00:13:07 --> 00:13:21 [Music]