Source:
https://www.spreaker.com/episode/s27e105-record-breaking-antimatter-uk-rocket-mishap-and-the-mystery-of-space-cuisine--61205698
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into the discovery of the heaviest antimatter hyper nucleus ever created, witness a spectacular rocket engine explosion at the United Kingdom's new spaceport, and explore why food tastes bad in SpaceTime. Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 105 for broadcast on 30 August 2024
00:00:26 - Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory have discovered a new antimatter hyper nucleus
00:05:03 - Rocket booster explodes during test at British spaceport; no one injured
00:12:21 - Julia Lowe: We put people in virtual reality environments to study food preferences
00:16:36 - 5% of people are consuming products that are potentially toxic to livers
00:18:23 - Social position and income are linked to your food preferences, study finds
00:19:44 - The editor of the pop paranormal website Higgypop says he's sceptic
00:23:17 - Spacetime is available every Monday, Wednesday and Friday through various podcasting platforms
Episode Special Guest:
Julia Low from RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia
For more SpaceTime, visit our website at https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com
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00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 this is spacetime series 27 episode 105
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 for broadcast on the 30th of August
00:00:06 --> 00:00:08 2024 coming up on
00:00:08 --> 00:00:10 SpaceTime discovery of the heaviest
00:00:10 --> 00:00:13 antimatter hyper nucleus ever created
00:00:13 --> 00:00:15 the spectacular rocket engine explosion
00:00:15 --> 00:00:18 at the United Kingdom's new Spaceport
00:00:18 --> 00:00:21 and we look at why food tastes bad in
00:00:21 --> 00:00:25 space all that and more coming up on
00:00:25 --> 00:00:28 SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with
00:00:28 --> 00:00:30 Stuart Gary
00:00:30 --> 00:00:37 [Music]
00:00:45 --> 00:00:47 physicist with the star collaboration
00:00:47 --> 00:00:49 have for the first time ever observed a
00:00:49 --> 00:00:52 new antimatter hyper nucleus known as
00:00:52 --> 00:00:55 anti- Hyper hydrogen 4 the new particle
00:00:55 --> 00:00:56 was created at the US Department of
00:00:56 --> 00:00:58 Energy's Brook Haven National
00:00:58 --> 00:01:00 Laboratories Rick relativistic heavy ion
00:01:01 --> 00:01:03 collider the experiments reported in the
00:01:03 --> 00:01:05 journal Nature represent the most
00:01:05 --> 00:01:07 massive antimatter hyper nucleus ever
00:01:08 --> 00:01:10 discovered it's an important scientific
00:01:10 --> 00:01:13 advancement on our journey to try and
00:01:13 --> 00:01:14 understand one of the most basic
00:01:14 --> 00:01:16 questions of the universe there's almost
00:01:17 --> 00:01:18 no difference between matter and
00:01:18 --> 00:01:20 antimatter other than their electrical
00:01:20 --> 00:01:23 charge see current physics assumes that
00:01:23 --> 00:01:25 the properties of matter and antimatter
00:01:25 --> 00:01:27 are symmetrical and that equal amounts
00:01:27 --> 00:01:29 of both matter and antimatter were
00:01:29 --> 00:01:31 created the birth of the universe in the
00:01:31 --> 00:01:34 Big Bang 13.8 billion years
00:01:34 --> 00:01:37 ago however there's a problem you see
00:01:37 --> 00:01:39 matter and antimatter annihilate each
00:01:39 --> 00:01:41 other when they come into contact and so
00:01:41 --> 00:01:43 the universe and everything in it should
00:01:43 --> 00:01:45 have quickly disappeared in a blinding
00:01:45 --> 00:01:47 purple flash of gamma radiation micros
00:01:47 --> 00:01:49 seconds after it
00:01:49 --> 00:01:51 Formed yet for some reason it clearly
00:01:51 --> 00:01:54 didn't and we live in a universe full of
00:01:54 --> 00:01:56 matter rather than one full of
00:01:56 --> 00:01:59 antimatter and scientists have no idea
00:01:59 --> 00:02:01 why that's the case some physicists
00:02:01 --> 00:02:03 speculate some mysterious physical
00:02:03 --> 00:02:05 mechanism caused annihilation of most of
00:02:05 --> 00:02:07 the matter and antimatter but for some
00:02:07 --> 00:02:09 reason one in 10 billion matter
00:02:09 --> 00:02:12 particles survived and it's these
00:02:12 --> 00:02:14 particles which form the matter Universe
00:02:14 --> 00:02:17 we see today in today's matter dominated
00:02:17 --> 00:02:19 Universe antimatter is extremely rare
00:02:19 --> 00:02:21 because it is easily annihilated by
00:02:21 --> 00:02:24 surrounding matter artificially
00:02:24 --> 00:02:26 producing antimatter is difficult
00:02:26 --> 00:02:28 producing antimatter nuclei and
00:02:28 --> 00:02:30 antimatter hypernuclei formed by
00:02:30 --> 00:02:32 combining several antib Barons are even
00:02:32 --> 00:02:35 more difficult to make since the D
00:02:35 --> 00:02:37 equation indicated the existence of
00:02:37 --> 00:02:39 antimatter in 1928 scientists have
00:02:39 --> 00:02:41 discovered six types of antimatter
00:02:41 --> 00:02:44 hypernuclei over nearly a century and
00:02:44 --> 00:02:46 this is where the relativistic heavy ion
00:02:46 --> 00:02:48 collider at Brook Haven comes in it's
00:02:48 --> 00:02:50 designed to accelerate heavy ion
00:02:50 --> 00:02:53 particles in beams to nearly the speed
00:02:53 --> 00:02:56 of light and then make them Collide
00:02:56 --> 00:02:58 these collisions are meant to simulate
00:02:58 --> 00:03:00 the sorts of conditions that exist Ed in
00:03:00 --> 00:03:02 the early Universe shortly after the big
00:03:02 --> 00:03:04 bang they produce Fireballs with
00:03:04 --> 00:03:06 temperatures of several trillion degrees
00:03:06 --> 00:03:08 which contain approximately equal
00:03:08 --> 00:03:11 amounts of matter and antimatter as the
00:03:11 --> 00:03:13 fireball rapidly expands and cools some
00:03:13 --> 00:03:15 of this antimatter manages to escape
00:03:15 --> 00:03:17 Annihilation with matter and can
00:03:17 --> 00:03:19 therefore be detected by the star
00:03:19 --> 00:03:21 detector anti- hyper hydrogen 4 is
00:03:21 --> 00:03:24 composed of one antiproton two anti-
00:03:24 --> 00:03:27 neutrons and one anti- Lambda hyperon
00:03:27 --> 00:03:29 Lambda Barons are a family of subatomic
00:03:29 --> 00:03:32 hyron particles containing one up Quark
00:03:32 --> 00:03:34 one down quark and a third Quark from a
00:03:34 --> 00:03:37 higher flavor a hyron is a baron
00:03:37 --> 00:03:39 containing one or more strange quarks
00:03:39 --> 00:03:41 these are the ones of the higher flavor
00:03:41 --> 00:03:43 we were just talking about but no charm
00:03:43 --> 00:03:46 bottom or top quarks due to the presence
00:03:46 --> 00:03:48 of the unstable anti-lambda hyperon
00:03:48 --> 00:03:51 anti- hyper hydrogen 4 decays after
00:03:51 --> 00:03:53 traveling just a few centimeters after
00:03:53 --> 00:03:55 analyzing experimental data from
00:03:55 --> 00:03:57 approximately 6.6 billion heavy iron
00:03:57 --> 00:03:59 Collision events the authors were able
00:03:59 --> 00:04:01 to rec instruct anti- hyper hydrogen 4
00:04:01 --> 00:04:04 from its Decay products antih helium 4
00:04:04 --> 00:04:07 and a Pyon identifying a signal for
00:04:07 --> 00:04:10 around 16 anti- hyper hydrogen 4 the
00:04:10 --> 00:04:13 Pyon or Pyon for short is the lightest
00:04:13 --> 00:04:15 meon and an important component of
00:04:15 --> 00:04:17 cosmic rays existing in three forms
00:04:17 --> 00:04:20 based on charge the authors were also
00:04:20 --> 00:04:21 able to measure the lifetime of anti-
00:04:22 --> 00:04:23 hyper hydrogen 4 and found no
00:04:23 --> 00:04:25 significant difference when compared to
00:04:25 --> 00:04:27 that of its corresponding matter
00:04:27 --> 00:04:30 particle hyper hydrogen 4 for further
00:04:30 --> 00:04:32 verifying the Symmetry between matter
00:04:32 --> 00:04:35 and anti-matter properties this
00:04:35 --> 00:04:38 SpaceTime still to come a spectacular
00:04:38 --> 00:04:40 rocket engine explosion on Britain's new
00:04:40 --> 00:04:43 Spaceport and we look at why food tastes
00:04:43 --> 00:04:46 so bad in space all that and more still
00:04:46 --> 00:04:50 to come on SpaceTime
00:04:50 --> 00:05:03 [Music]
00:05:03 --> 00:05:05 a first stage rocket booster has
00:05:05 --> 00:05:08 exploded in a spectacular Fireball
00:05:08 --> 00:05:10 during a hot fire test at Britain's new
00:05:10 --> 00:05:13 saxa void Spaceport in Northern Scotland
00:05:13 --> 00:05:15 damage to the Launchpad was minimal and
00:05:15 --> 00:05:17 no one was injured in the blast on the
00:05:17 --> 00:05:19 remote island of stst the booster was
00:05:19 --> 00:05:21 being tested by the German rocket
00:05:21 --> 00:05:23 manufacturer rocket Factory alburg which
00:05:23 --> 00:05:25 hopes to undertake Britain's first
00:05:25 --> 00:05:27 vertical rocket launch into orbit from
00:05:27 --> 00:05:30 the complex later this year the failure
00:05:30 --> 00:05:32 comes 3 months after the company carried
00:05:32 --> 00:05:34 out a successful engine test at the same
00:05:34 --> 00:05:36 site sax ofo is the first licensed
00:05:36 --> 00:05:40 vertical Spaceport in Britain this
00:05:40 --> 00:05:43 SpaceTime still to come why food tastes
00:05:43 --> 00:05:45 so bad in space and later in the science
00:05:45 --> 00:05:48 report a new study reports that 5% of
00:05:48 --> 00:05:50 people are consuming products that are
00:05:50 --> 00:05:52 potentially toxic to their livers all
00:05:52 --> 00:05:55 that and more still to come on SpaceTime
00:05:55 --> 00:06:10 [Music]
00:06:10 --> 00:06:13 a new study May finally help explain why
00:06:13 --> 00:06:15 astronauts are constantly reporting that
00:06:15 --> 00:06:17 their Mills taste bad or at the very
00:06:17 --> 00:06:20 least Bland in Space the findings
00:06:20 --> 00:06:22 reported in the international Journal of
00:06:22 --> 00:06:24 Food Science and Technology examined
00:06:24 --> 00:06:26 common food Aromas and could help
00:06:26 --> 00:06:28 improve not just the nutritional intake
00:06:28 --> 00:06:31 for crews in space but also the diets of
00:06:31 --> 00:06:33 isolated people here on Earth including
00:06:33 --> 00:06:36 those in nursing homes previous research
00:06:36 --> 00:06:38 had already shown that Aroma plays a big
00:06:38 --> 00:06:42 role in the flavor of food so scientists
00:06:42 --> 00:06:44 decided to test how people's perception
00:06:44 --> 00:06:46 of vanilla and armored extracts as well
00:06:46 --> 00:06:48 as limit essential oil changed from the
00:06:48 --> 00:06:50 normal environment on Earth to that of a
00:06:50 --> 00:06:52 confined setting such as the
00:06:52 --> 00:06:54 International Space Station which for
00:06:54 --> 00:06:55 these tests was simulated for
00:06:55 --> 00:06:57 participants with the use of virtual
00:06:57 --> 00:07:00 reality goggles the studies lead author
00:07:00 --> 00:07:02 Julia L from rmit University says
00:07:02 --> 00:07:04 participants found that both vanilla and
00:07:04 --> 00:07:07 Armond Aromas were more intense in the
00:07:07 --> 00:07:09 International Space Station simulated
00:07:09 --> 00:07:11 environment than under normal ground
00:07:11 --> 00:07:13 conditions however they found no change
00:07:13 --> 00:07:16 in intensity for the lemon scent the
00:07:16 --> 00:07:18 authors found a specific sweet chemical
00:07:18 --> 00:07:20 in the Aromas of vanilla and Armond
00:07:20 --> 00:07:22 called benzal deide could explain the
00:07:22 --> 00:07:24 changing Perceptions in addition to an
00:07:24 --> 00:07:26 individual sensitivity to a particular
00:07:26 --> 00:07:29 smell Lo says a greatest sense of L
00:07:29 --> 00:07:31 loneliness and isolation may also be
00:07:31 --> 00:07:34 playing a role this is the first study
00:07:34 --> 00:07:35 involving a large sample size of
00:07:35 --> 00:07:37 participants thereby also allowing the
00:07:37 --> 00:07:39 researchers to capture variations of
00:07:39 --> 00:07:41 individual's personal experience of
00:07:41 --> 00:07:44 Aromas and taste in isolated settings Lo
00:07:44 --> 00:07:46 says the findings show that spatial
00:07:46 --> 00:07:48 perception played a significant role in
00:07:48 --> 00:07:51 how people smel Aromas and this
00:07:51 --> 00:07:53 complements the results of other studies
00:07:53 --> 00:07:54 on the topic of astronauts eating
00:07:54 --> 00:07:56 experience in space including the
00:07:56 --> 00:07:59 phenomenon of fluid shift you see we
00:07:59 --> 00:08:01 lessness causes fluids to shift from the
00:08:01 --> 00:08:03 lower extremities of the body to the
00:08:03 --> 00:08:05 upper parts and this creates facial
00:08:05 --> 00:08:07 swelling and nasal congestion that
00:08:07 --> 00:08:10 affects one's sense of smell and taste
00:08:10 --> 00:08:11 the symptoms typically begin to
00:08:11 --> 00:08:13 disappear within a few weeks of being on
00:08:13 --> 00:08:16 board the space station but despite that
00:08:16 --> 00:08:18 astronauts were still not enjoying their
00:08:18 --> 00:08:20 food even after fluid shift effects were
00:08:20 --> 00:08:22 gone that suggests there's something
00:08:22 --> 00:08:24 more going on former astronaut
00:08:24 --> 00:08:27 instructor and co-researcher gal is also
00:08:27 --> 00:08:29 with rmit says that despite carefully
00:08:29 --> 00:08:32 designed diet plans astronauts aboard
00:08:32 --> 00:08:33 the space station were simply not
00:08:33 --> 00:08:35 meeting their daily nutritional
00:08:35 --> 00:08:37 requirements something which is
00:08:37 --> 00:08:40 dangerous on any long-term Mission and
00:08:40 --> 00:08:42 with upcoming M emus missions likely to
00:08:42 --> 00:08:44 involve long duration space flights
00:08:45 --> 00:08:46 especially when people go to Mars that
00:08:46 --> 00:08:49 presents a serious concern so scientists
00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 need to understand the problems with
00:08:51 --> 00:08:53 diet and food and how crew can better
00:08:53 --> 00:08:56 interact with their meals L says the
00:08:56 --> 00:08:58 study's results could help personalize
00:08:58 --> 00:09:00 people's diets especially in socially
00:09:00 --> 00:09:03 isolated situations both on Earth and in
00:09:03 --> 00:09:06 space It is well known that astronauts
00:09:06 --> 00:09:08 do not enjoy their in space we've seen
00:09:08 --> 00:09:10 this in the literature which suggests
00:09:10 --> 00:09:12 that astronauts do not actually meet the
00:09:12 --> 00:09:14 100% of their nutritional requirements
00:09:14 --> 00:09:17 so what we are trying to do is to try
00:09:17 --> 00:09:19 and Kickstart this in Australia so we
00:09:19 --> 00:09:21 don't have an nise budget so I'm just
00:09:21 --> 00:09:23 we're just thinking how can we get this
00:09:23 --> 00:09:24 started and one of my particular
00:09:24 --> 00:09:27 interest is on understanding how the
00:09:27 --> 00:09:29 eating environment itself could impact
00:09:29 --> 00:09:31 on how people choose different kind of
00:09:31 --> 00:09:33 food we have seen this in sensory and
00:09:33 --> 00:09:35 consumer studies that they found that if
00:09:35 --> 00:09:37 you eat in different environments that
00:09:37 --> 00:09:38 may you very different responses
00:09:39 --> 00:09:40 especially when you're eating in more
00:09:40 --> 00:09:42 quiet eating environments so we're
00:09:42 --> 00:09:44 trying to replicate this in a space like
00:09:44 --> 00:09:46 eating environment if you think about it
00:09:46 --> 00:09:48 International Space Station kind of
00:09:48 --> 00:09:51 feels like when you are in a confined
00:09:51 --> 00:09:53 locked up room so um we replicated this
00:09:53 --> 00:09:55 using virtual reality and we're trying
00:09:55 --> 00:09:57 to understand if people smell different
00:09:57 --> 00:09:59 types of fruit differently when I talk
00:09:59 --> 00:10:01 to kids about being an astronaut or
00:10:01 --> 00:10:03 something like that first question is
00:10:03 --> 00:10:05 how do you go to the toilet in space
00:10:05 --> 00:10:06 every kid wants to know that and the
00:10:06 --> 00:10:08 second question is what sort of foods do
00:10:08 --> 00:10:11 you eat in space that's changed a lot
00:10:11 --> 00:10:13 over the years from originally
00:10:13 --> 00:10:15 astronauts simply ate pastes because the
00:10:15 --> 00:10:16 paste would stick together and it
00:10:16 --> 00:10:18 wouldn't float around nowadays they have
00:10:18 --> 00:10:21 a far more varied diet but it still
00:10:21 --> 00:10:22 doesn't taste good and that's obviously
00:10:22 --> 00:10:25 a real problem yes it is it is a real
00:10:25 --> 00:10:28 problem because it means that if you
00:10:28 --> 00:10:30 look in the literature most missions are
00:10:30 --> 00:10:32 about 6 months or some of them go up to
00:10:32 --> 00:10:35 about a year what we don't know actually
00:10:35 --> 00:10:37 is what happens beyond that because if
00:10:37 --> 00:10:39 they are all not meeting the nutritional
00:10:39 --> 00:10:41 requirements it's okay in the short term
00:10:41 --> 00:10:43 we don't know what happens in the longer
00:10:43 --> 00:10:44 MK Mission we don't know what happen to
00:10:44 --> 00:10:48 the human so there's a need to look into
00:10:48 --> 00:10:50 you know is there way that we can
00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 encourage them to meet the 100%
00:10:52 --> 00:10:54 nutritional requirement we know that
00:10:54 --> 00:10:57 when you're in space fluids rush to your
00:10:57 --> 00:10:59 head astronauts are always complaining
00:10:59 --> 00:11:01 they feel like they've got a head cold
00:11:01 --> 00:11:03 even though they don't and I always
00:11:03 --> 00:11:04 thought that might be the reason why
00:11:04 --> 00:11:06 Foods don't taste good but your study
00:11:06 --> 00:11:08 show it's more psychological than that
00:11:08 --> 00:11:10 it's the environment there in that makes
00:11:10 --> 00:11:13 them feel closed in yes it is so we know
00:11:13 --> 00:11:15 that the body forward and rush to the
00:11:15 --> 00:11:16 head it's sort of like you're having a
00:11:16 --> 00:11:18 cal so when you're having a cal it
00:11:18 --> 00:11:20 blocks your senses of your ability to
00:11:20 --> 00:11:22 smell so you're only tasting the food so
00:11:22 --> 00:11:24 that's why when we're having a cold
00:11:24 --> 00:11:26 normally doesn't taste good because
00:11:26 --> 00:11:28 you're only tasting the five FL like the
00:11:28 --> 00:11:30 five tastes is that
00:11:30 --> 00:11:33 so what happens is that it's also found
00:11:33 --> 00:11:35 in literature with a body FL movement
00:11:35 --> 00:11:38 it's suggested that within after 4 days
00:11:38 --> 00:11:40 to about two weeks the body should do
00:11:40 --> 00:11:42 the job to be able to regulate this but
00:11:43 --> 00:11:45 what we've seen in the data like if you
00:11:45 --> 00:11:47 look in the papers of nutrition research
00:11:47 --> 00:11:49 or space there still not eating food in
00:11:49 --> 00:11:51 the six month or longer term Mission so
00:11:51 --> 00:11:53 it suggest that there's something else
00:11:53 --> 00:11:56 going on there it's not just um well the
00:11:56 --> 00:11:58 body food is will player Factor but what
00:11:58 --> 00:12:00 we interested in is to understand what
00:12:00 --> 00:12:02 other things are happening in there and
00:12:02 --> 00:12:04 this is where the idea of improved smell
00:12:04 --> 00:12:06 comes into the whole thing yes yes we
00:12:06 --> 00:12:08 actually just started with smell our
00:12:08 --> 00:12:10 research group is also looking at taste
00:12:10 --> 00:12:12 as well smell is easier to replicate
00:12:12 --> 00:12:15 virtual reality as a start but eating is
00:12:15 --> 00:12:17 really a combination of taste smell
00:12:17 --> 00:12:19 texture and everything else yeah so it's
00:12:19 --> 00:12:21 very interesting that we found this tell
00:12:21 --> 00:12:24 me about Ben zahide so what we found
00:12:24 --> 00:12:26 what when we're looking at the data we
00:12:26 --> 00:12:28 put people in different environments
00:12:28 --> 00:12:30 like the vir the space like environment
00:12:30 --> 00:12:32 versus a control environment it's quite
00:12:32 --> 00:12:35 interesting to see that certain Aromas
00:12:35 --> 00:12:37 were more intense so what we did was
00:12:37 --> 00:12:39 then we did a chemical analysis to try
00:12:39 --> 00:12:42 and figure out why what we found was cuz
00:12:42 --> 00:12:44 the FAS Aromas are very complex there's
00:12:44 --> 00:12:46 a lot of Aromas in there but there are
00:12:46 --> 00:12:49 some similarities between two of our
00:12:49 --> 00:12:52 Romas which were also more intense when
00:12:52 --> 00:12:54 people are in the virtual reality and
00:12:54 --> 00:12:56 that what we found was this common Aroma
00:12:56 --> 00:12:58 called en zeldah hiide which is normally
00:12:58 --> 00:13:00 a sweet like compound which is common
00:13:00 --> 00:13:03 for both vanilla and almond so we found
00:13:03 --> 00:13:04 that they were more intense something
00:13:04 --> 00:13:06 that's more intense doesn't necessarily
00:13:06 --> 00:13:08 mean that they may taste good it just
00:13:08 --> 00:13:09 mean that in that environment it may be
00:13:09 --> 00:13:12 slightly more pronounced so maybe that
00:13:12 --> 00:13:14 may suggest that some people may not
00:13:15 --> 00:13:17 like your fooding space we had a
00:13:17 --> 00:13:19 reasonably large number of 54
00:13:19 --> 00:13:21 participants so normally in sensory
00:13:21 --> 00:13:22 science if you want to look at
00:13:22 --> 00:13:24 differences between people we need to
00:13:24 --> 00:13:26 look at about 30 people to see the
00:13:26 --> 00:13:28 individual variation because we are all
00:13:28 --> 00:13:29 different and there's is what we did we
00:13:29 --> 00:13:31 ran the studies we duplicated in
00:13:31 --> 00:13:34 different environments to see what are
00:13:34 --> 00:13:35 the differences in these different
00:13:35 --> 00:13:37 eating environments and what did you
00:13:37 --> 00:13:39 find we found that in the baselight
00:13:40 --> 00:13:42 virtual reality environment participants
00:13:42 --> 00:13:44 were quite engaged in that environment
00:13:44 --> 00:13:47 and they reported a low to medium
00:13:47 --> 00:13:49 intensity of loneliness in this
00:13:49 --> 00:13:51 environment and that's kind of expected
00:13:51 --> 00:13:52 because these are healthy participants
00:13:52 --> 00:13:55 so to be able to induce them to a low to
00:13:55 --> 00:13:57 moderate feelings of loneliness it means
00:13:57 --> 00:14:00 that these could be a measure to try and
00:14:00 --> 00:14:02 understand what's going on and we also
00:14:02 --> 00:14:04 found that in this virtual reality
00:14:04 --> 00:14:07 environment certain Aromas were more
00:14:07 --> 00:14:09 intense in comparison to a control
00:14:09 --> 00:14:11 environment were you surprised to find
00:14:11 --> 00:14:14 the psychological impact being as strong
00:14:14 --> 00:14:15 as it was the fact that putting on the
00:14:16 --> 00:14:17 virtual reality headset made a
00:14:17 --> 00:14:20 difference yes and no to that because
00:14:20 --> 00:14:22 what I've been working on before this my
00:14:22 --> 00:14:24 research team looks at more normal
00:14:24 --> 00:14:26 eating environments like day-to-day
00:14:26 --> 00:14:29 environments like eating in a cafe or or
00:14:29 --> 00:14:30 eating some people look at eating the
00:14:30 --> 00:14:33 bar in comparison to like a standard
00:14:33 --> 00:14:35 sensory broof type environment it's
00:14:35 --> 00:14:38 found that emotion do play a big factor
00:14:38 --> 00:14:40 in what fruit we tend to choose and how
00:14:40 --> 00:14:43 much we like certain fruit and emotion
00:14:43 --> 00:14:45 is something that is influenced by the
00:14:45 --> 00:14:48 eating environment itself so duplicating
00:14:48 --> 00:14:50 this to obviously a space environment
00:14:50 --> 00:14:53 more extreme so we were expecting to
00:14:53 --> 00:14:55 find some differences but it's quite
00:14:55 --> 00:14:57 surprising for us as far as to start
00:14:57 --> 00:14:58 when we're running pilot study to see
00:14:58 --> 00:15:00 this that was on a much smaller sample
00:15:00 --> 00:15:02 and we actually duplicated this to the
00:15:02 --> 00:15:04 54 people that we are running and we
00:15:04 --> 00:15:06 found consistent finding so that's
00:15:06 --> 00:15:09 telling me that the idea of a romantic
00:15:09 --> 00:15:11 dinner in a fancy restaurant is really a
00:15:11 --> 00:15:13 good idea but it's also telling me that
00:15:13 --> 00:15:15 eating in front of the Telly is not as
00:15:15 --> 00:15:17 good as eating in a family sitting in a
00:15:17 --> 00:15:18 dining room yes exactly that's what
00:15:18 --> 00:15:20 we're trying to get to and it's
00:15:20 --> 00:15:22 something that the in the sensory
00:15:22 --> 00:15:23 Science World they've been looking at
00:15:23 --> 00:15:25 this WEA how different eating
00:15:25 --> 00:15:28 environments may impact on what we feel
00:15:28 --> 00:15:30 about the same food and eating is
00:15:30 --> 00:15:32 contextual so for example you think
00:15:32 --> 00:15:34 about a sandwich if you eat a sandwich
00:15:34 --> 00:15:37 in a cnic park on a spring day it feels
00:15:37 --> 00:15:38 very different when you're scoffing down
00:15:38 --> 00:15:40 the same sandwich in front of what that
00:15:40 --> 00:15:42 where do you want to take this next so
00:15:42 --> 00:15:45 we are looking to actually combine this
00:15:45 --> 00:15:47 with different body postures so that's
00:15:48 --> 00:15:50 looking at the body fluid movements and
00:15:50 --> 00:15:52 to combine it to the virtual reality to
00:15:52 --> 00:15:54 see if there's an added effect and
00:15:54 --> 00:15:55 that's something grace look which is the
00:15:55 --> 00:15:57 first author of this paper my PhD
00:15:57 --> 00:15:59 student is running next as now this
00:15:59 --> 00:16:01 isn't just applicable to space this can
00:16:01 --> 00:16:03 be used in all sorts of settings places
00:16:03 --> 00:16:05 like nursing homes and Hospital settings
00:16:05 --> 00:16:08 as well yes yes so we are only at a
00:16:08 --> 00:16:10 fundamental stage to try and see if
00:16:10 --> 00:16:11 there's a difference you know in this
00:16:11 --> 00:16:14 more extreme light eaing environment but
00:16:14 --> 00:16:15 yes if you think about it the space
00:16:15 --> 00:16:18 light the environment it's very similar
00:16:18 --> 00:16:19 to a nursing home in the sense that
00:16:19 --> 00:16:21 people are confined you're only looking
00:16:21 --> 00:16:23 at a couple people that you're looking
00:16:23 --> 00:16:26 at there's a very limited menu as well
00:16:26 --> 00:16:28 so there is similarities that you can
00:16:28 --> 00:16:31 draw to other people living and working
00:16:31 --> 00:16:33 in this environment that's Julia low
00:16:33 --> 00:16:36 from rmit University in Melbourne and
00:16:36 --> 00:16:38 this is
00:16:38 --> 00:16:48 [Music]
00:16:53 --> 00:16:56 spacetime and time now to take another
00:16:56 --> 00:16:57 brief look at some of the other stories
00:16:57 --> 00:16:59 making news insights this week with a
00:16:59 --> 00:17:02 science report a new study suggests that
00:17:02 --> 00:17:04 close to 5% of people are consuming
00:17:05 --> 00:17:06 products that are potentially toxic to
00:17:06 --> 00:17:09 their livers the findings reported in
00:17:09 --> 00:17:10 the Journal of the American Medical
00:17:10 --> 00:17:12 Association are based on a survey of
00:17:12 --> 00:17:15 close to 10 people across the United
00:17:15 --> 00:17:18 States the researchers found that 5% of
00:17:18 --> 00:17:20 people reported consuming either
00:17:20 --> 00:17:23 turmeric green tea Ash Wanger carinia
00:17:23 --> 00:17:27 curgy red yeast rice or black cohash
00:17:27 --> 00:17:29 products the people who use these herbs
00:17:29 --> 00:17:31 tended to be significantly older better
00:17:31 --> 00:17:33 educated and more likely to have
00:17:33 --> 00:17:35 arthritis than other users the authors
00:17:35 --> 00:17:37 warned that clinicians need to be made
00:17:37 --> 00:17:39 aware of the toxic liver issues that
00:17:39 --> 00:17:40 could arise from these mostly
00:17:41 --> 00:17:43 unregulated
00:17:43 --> 00:17:46 products a new magnetic robotic glove
00:17:46 --> 00:17:48 has been developed by scientists to help
00:17:48 --> 00:17:51 people who need hand Rehabilitation a
00:17:51 --> 00:17:53 report in the journal device claims the
00:17:53 --> 00:17:55 glove can solve problems with current
00:17:55 --> 00:17:56 options for hand Rehabilitation which
00:17:56 --> 00:17:59 are often costly and impractical
00:17:59 --> 00:18:01 Engineers develop the glove to provide
00:18:01 --> 00:18:03 resistance by way of magnets which can
00:18:03 --> 00:18:05 be used during exercise to help people
00:18:05 --> 00:18:07 regain strength in their hands they say
00:18:07 --> 00:18:10 the gloves are inexpensive customizable
00:18:10 --> 00:18:12 and portable allowing patients to use
00:18:12 --> 00:18:14 them both in a clinic and at home the
00:18:14 --> 00:18:16 new gloves could help patients stick to
00:18:16 --> 00:18:18 their Rehabilitation exercises more
00:18:18 --> 00:18:20 consistently which would then improve
00:18:20 --> 00:18:22 their overall quality of
00:18:22 --> 00:18:25 life a new study has found that your
00:18:25 --> 00:18:27 social position including your job and
00:18:27 --> 00:18:29 income is linked to your food
00:18:29 --> 00:18:31 preferences a report in the British
00:18:31 --> 00:18:33 medical journal looked at the food and
00:18:33 --> 00:18:35 drink purchase records of
00:18:35 --> 00:18:38 1 households both in London and in
00:18:38 --> 00:18:41 the north of England they analyzed how
00:18:41 --> 00:18:43 people made daily food and drink
00:18:43 --> 00:18:45 purchases as well as their self-reported
00:18:45 --> 00:18:47 use of food delivery apps and prepared
00:18:47 --> 00:18:50 takeaway meals they also collected data
00:18:50 --> 00:18:52 on other factors such as social position
00:18:52 --> 00:18:55 income and body mass index the authors
00:18:55 --> 00:18:57 found that those in the lowest so-called
00:18:57 --> 00:18:59 social grade had more than double the
00:18:59 --> 00:19:01 odds of using food delivery apps
00:19:01 --> 00:19:03 compared to those in the highest group
00:19:03 --> 00:19:05 and while there were no associations
00:19:05 --> 00:19:07 between weight and online grocery
00:19:07 --> 00:19:09 shopping those who used food delivery
00:19:10 --> 00:19:13 apps were some 84% more likely to live
00:19:13 --> 00:19:16 with obesity and 45% more likely to be
00:19:16 --> 00:19:18 overweight compared to those who didn't
00:19:18 --> 00:19:20 use them and the British results aren't
00:19:20 --> 00:19:22 unique similar results were also
00:19:22 --> 00:19:25 reported in Australia while the study's
00:19:25 --> 00:19:27 observational and therefore can't prove
00:19:27 --> 00:19:29 cause and effect authors suggest grocery
00:19:30 --> 00:19:31 purchasing may depend on Financial
00:19:31 --> 00:19:33 Resources while takeaway purchasing
00:19:33 --> 00:19:35 could be linked to culture and social
00:19:35 --> 00:19:38 groups food delivery apps could also be
00:19:38 --> 00:19:40 making it easier to make unhealthy food
00:19:40 --> 00:19:43 choices and therefore worsening Health
00:19:44 --> 00:19:46 inequalities the editor of the pop
00:19:46 --> 00:19:49 paranormal website higgy pop says he's a
00:19:49 --> 00:19:51 skeptic and the many ghost hunts he's
00:19:51 --> 00:19:54 been on haven't changed his opinion yet
00:19:54 --> 00:19:56 Tim menum from Australian skeptic says
00:19:56 --> 00:19:58 the editor's findings mirror his own EXP
00:19:58 --> 00:20:00 expences on ghost hunts and those of
00:20:00 --> 00:20:02 other science-minded investigators this
00:20:02 --> 00:20:05 is article written by the the founder of
00:20:05 --> 00:20:07 the higop Paranormal website it has a
00:20:07 --> 00:20:09 lot of interesting stuff and case
00:20:09 --> 00:20:10 studies and things but it also has a lot
00:20:10 --> 00:20:12 of skeptical comment uh and he said he's
00:20:12 --> 00:20:15 been on a 100 ghost hunts actually 101
00:20:15 --> 00:20:17 in 71 different locations a lot of them
00:20:17 --> 00:20:20 high-profile ghost hunting sites and he
00:20:20 --> 00:20:21 says and I'll quote him I'd experienc
00:20:22 --> 00:20:24 the same stimulite and psychological
00:20:24 --> 00:20:26 cues as the Ghost Hunters I was sure I
00:20:26 --> 00:20:28 would experience the same things as
00:20:28 --> 00:20:30 those who reported paranormal activity
00:20:30 --> 00:20:32 at these places even if it wasn't caused
00:20:32 --> 00:20:34 by the spirits of the dead but exactly
00:20:34 --> 00:20:37 101 investigations later I've had none
00:20:37 --> 00:20:38 of this where are the creaking
00:20:38 --> 00:20:40 floorboards and the tricks of the eye
00:20:40 --> 00:20:42 the doors slamming in a draft it makes
00:20:42 --> 00:20:44 me wonder what are these Ghost Hunters
00:20:44 --> 00:20:45 experiencing that they could be
00:20:45 --> 00:20:47 mistaking for the Paranormal so he's
00:20:47 --> 00:20:48 basing on his own experience that he's
00:20:48 --> 00:20:50 done all these ghost HS in often
00:20:50 --> 00:20:52 high-profile places at the right time
00:20:52 --> 00:20:53 places where there're supposed to be
00:20:53 --> 00:20:55 haunting reported every week Etc and he
00:20:55 --> 00:20:56 goes there and sees nothing and sees
00:20:56 --> 00:20:58 nothing and sees nothing and SE nothing
00:20:58 --> 00:20:59 there's a few interesting events he's
00:20:59 --> 00:21:01 had but he doesn't regard them as highly
00:21:01 --> 00:21:02 significant and that perhaps they could
00:21:02 --> 00:21:04 be explained with further investigation
00:21:04 --> 00:21:06 he's a proponent of this stuff at least
00:21:06 --> 00:21:08 he does promote the proponents of ghost
00:21:08 --> 00:21:10 hunting Etc and He suggests that there
00:21:10 --> 00:21:12 are four ways that Ghost Hunters often
00:21:12 --> 00:21:14 use technology especially that to find
00:21:14 --> 00:21:16 their ghosts one is what called Spirit
00:21:16 --> 00:21:18 boxes another is electronic voice
00:21:18 --> 00:21:21 phenomena EVP detectors word Bank tools
00:21:21 --> 00:21:22 these are all sort of little handheld
00:21:22 --> 00:21:24 devices that you can use to test the G
00:21:24 --> 00:21:25 presence and of course personal
00:21:25 --> 00:21:27 experience these are things that go beep
00:21:27 --> 00:21:29 the things that go beep and a lot of
00:21:29 --> 00:21:31 them are just frequency rang finders or
00:21:31 --> 00:21:32 they they just whiz across all the
00:21:32 --> 00:21:34 frequencies and when you come across a
00:21:34 --> 00:21:35 weird crackling sound that's obviously a
00:21:35 --> 00:21:37 goes EVP are the same sort of thing
00:21:37 --> 00:21:39 electronic voice phenomena but they're
00:21:39 --> 00:21:40 not necessarily voices it could just be
00:21:40 --> 00:21:42 cck and static and all sorts of things
00:21:42 --> 00:21:43 and often that's when you play back
00:21:43 --> 00:21:45 afterwards you don't hear it when you're
00:21:45 --> 00:21:46 there but you play it back afterwards
00:21:46 --> 00:21:47 and you discover oh that sounds
00:21:47 --> 00:21:49 interesting so it's a bit of cognitive
00:21:49 --> 00:21:51 bias in there word bang tools are
00:21:51 --> 00:21:52 similar where they affect a word
00:21:52 --> 00:21:54 generator and the question is about all
00:21:54 --> 00:21:56 these things is can ghosts interact with
00:21:56 --> 00:21:57 technology as these things supposed to
00:21:58 --> 00:21:59 indicate you that comes down to what is
00:21:59 --> 00:22:01 the ghost is is it is it an ethereal
00:22:02 --> 00:22:03 thing is it a physical thing can it
00:22:03 --> 00:22:05 actually do things like knock vasas off
00:22:05 --> 00:22:07 mantal pieces or he doesn't just wander
00:22:07 --> 00:22:10 around Etc um being ghostly personal
00:22:10 --> 00:22:12 experience is as much in the eye of the
00:22:12 --> 00:22:14 beholder as anyone else he's been to
00:22:14 --> 00:22:16 these things he hasn't had any personal
00:22:16 --> 00:22:18 experiences and he knows okay that you
00:22:18 --> 00:22:20 maybe he has to spend another 100 ghost
00:22:21 --> 00:22:23 hunts whatever but doing a 100 is pretty
00:22:23 --> 00:22:24 pretty good pretty decent investigation
00:22:24 --> 00:22:26 especially one particular web haunted
00:22:26 --> 00:22:29 site supposedly haunted site he spent 40
00:22:29 --> 00:22:31 hours in all up and yet still do see
00:22:31 --> 00:22:32 anything it can be sort of not good for
00:22:32 --> 00:22:34 your social life I've been on ghost
00:22:34 --> 00:22:36 tunts most Skeptics of a certain sort of
00:22:36 --> 00:22:39 Lev like of been on ghost hunts the
00:22:39 --> 00:22:40 perfect Ghost Hunt is one at a haunted
00:22:41 --> 00:22:42 Pub that's exactly right where there's a
00:22:42 --> 00:22:44 lot of spirits and it's amazing how
00:22:44 --> 00:22:46 often now this is an interesting
00:22:46 --> 00:22:48 phenomenon it's amazing how often old
00:22:48 --> 00:22:51 pubs in the UK are haunted and you think
00:22:51 --> 00:22:53 why is it the spirits ha or is it
00:22:53 --> 00:22:54 because these pubs want a bit of
00:22:54 --> 00:22:56 publicity and to get people to come
00:22:56 --> 00:22:57 along to actually have a few drinks and
00:22:57 --> 00:22:59 watch a glass glass fall off the counter
00:22:59 --> 00:23:01 the glass falls off the counter because
00:23:01 --> 00:23:02 the counter is just a little bit wet
00:23:03 --> 00:23:04 just wet enough to cause a loss of
00:23:04 --> 00:23:07 friction and there's a window you're
00:23:07 --> 00:23:10 just a spoil sport ghost the ghosts are
00:23:10 --> 00:23:12 like the cats of the spirit world they
00:23:12 --> 00:23:13 just like to walk along and knock things
00:23:13 --> 00:23:15 over well that's the proof why the Earth
00:23:15 --> 00:23:16 isn't flat because otherwise the cats
00:23:17 --> 00:23:18 would have knocked everything off yeah
00:23:18 --> 00:23:20 that's right yeah that's timendum from
00:23:20 --> 00:23:23 Australian Skeptics
00:23:23 --> 00:23:31 [Music]
00:23:36 --> 00:23:39 and that's the show for now SpaceTime is
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