Source:
https://www.spreaker.com/episode/s27e106-dream-chaser-delayed-earth-s-electric-field-unveiled-and-australia-s-new-lunar-rover--61236040
In this episode of SpaceTime, the launch of the new Dream Chaser orbital Space plane is delayed until next year, NASA discovers a long-sought-after global electric field on Earth, and the latest Australian lunar rover is unveiled. Join us for these fascinating updates and more!
00:00:00 - Sierra Space have confirmed that their new Dream chaser orbital space plane won't fly
00:08:07 - Scientists have for the first time successfully measured a planet wide electrical field
00:17:17 - Perth based consortium unveils prototype of lunar rover for NASA
00:18:59 - Australia has agreed to manufacture and service cruise missiles at a new facility
00:20:22 - Drug currently used to treat type two diabetes could potentially reduce risk of dementia
00:22:23 - There are growing reports of people experiencing what people call time slipping
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00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 this is spacetime series 27 episode 106
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 for broadcast on the 2nd of September
00:00:06 --> 00:00:09 2024 coming up on space time the new
00:00:09 --> 00:00:11 Dreamchaser orbital space planes launch
00:00:11 --> 00:00:14 delayed until next year NASA discovers a
00:00:14 --> 00:00:17 long sort after global electric field on
00:00:17 --> 00:00:19 planet Earth and the latest Australian
00:00:19 --> 00:00:23 lunar rover unveiled all that and more
00:00:23 --> 00:00:25 coming up on
00:00:25 --> 00:00:28 SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with
00:00:28 --> 00:00:30 Stuart Gary
00:00:30 --> 00:00:37 [Music]
00:00:45 --> 00:00:48 Sierra space have confirmed that their
00:00:48 --> 00:00:50 new Dreamchaser orbital space plane
00:00:50 --> 00:00:53 won't fly until next year once in
00:00:53 --> 00:00:55 operation the unique Wing lifting body
00:00:55 --> 00:00:57 design will provide additional cargo
00:00:57 --> 00:00:58 capacity on missions to the
00:00:58 --> 00:01:01 International Space station as part of
00:01:01 --> 00:01:03 NASA's Commercial resupply Services
00:01:03 --> 00:01:05 contract which already sees SpaceX
00:01:05 --> 00:01:07 dragon and North Rob Grumman signis
00:01:07 --> 00:01:10 cargo ships service the orbital Outpost
00:01:10 --> 00:01:12 like Dragon Dreamchaser is designed to
00:01:12 --> 00:01:15 be reusable and was originally developed
00:01:15 --> 00:01:18 as a man spacecraft it'll fly aboard
00:01:18 --> 00:01:19 United launch alliance's new Vulcan
00:01:19 --> 00:01:22 cental rocket off pad 41 at the cape
00:01:22 --> 00:01:25 canaval space force bace in Florida but
00:01:25 --> 00:01:27 delays in getting the first Dream Chaser
00:01:27 --> 00:01:29 called tenacity through NASA's lengthy
00:01:29 --> 00:01:32 approval process has resulted in added
00:01:32 --> 00:01:33 pressure being put on United launch
00:01:34 --> 00:01:36 Alliance by the US space force they want
00:01:36 --> 00:01:38 the new Vulcan sent or certified for
00:01:38 --> 00:01:41 military operations as soon as possible
00:01:41 --> 00:01:43 that now means that instead of waiting
00:01:43 --> 00:01:45 for tenacity to be ready to fly on
00:01:45 --> 00:01:47 Volcan the Vulcan will instead be
00:01:47 --> 00:01:50 launched carrying a dummy payload Vulcan
00:01:50 --> 00:01:53 was meant to be flying back in 2021 but
00:01:53 --> 00:01:55 ongoing technical issues Med inaugural
00:01:56 --> 00:01:57 flight was delayed until earlier this
00:01:57 --> 00:02:00 year much to the concern of the US space
00:02:00 --> 00:02:02 force which is a growing backlog of
00:02:02 --> 00:02:04 military missions awaiting Vulcan
00:02:04 --> 00:02:06 certification Dreamchaser tenacity
00:02:06 --> 00:02:08 arrived at the Kennedy Space Center on
00:02:08 --> 00:02:10 May 20th from the Neil Armstrong test
00:02:10 --> 00:02:12 facility at the Glenn Research Center in
00:02:12 --> 00:02:15 Cleveland Ohio the punishing testing
00:02:15 --> 00:02:18 program at Armstrong included vibration
00:02:18 --> 00:02:20 tests on what's the world's highest
00:02:20 --> 00:02:22 capacity and most powerful spacecraft
00:02:22 --> 00:02:24 Shaker system located inside the agency
00:02:25 --> 00:02:28 space environments complex this exposed
00:02:28 --> 00:02:30 the spacecraft to all sorts of itions
00:02:30 --> 00:02:32 it'll experience during its launch and
00:02:32 --> 00:02:35 re-entry further testing at the in space
00:02:35 --> 00:02:37 propulsion facility saw the stack
00:02:37 --> 00:02:39 exposed to low ambient pressures and
00:02:39 --> 00:02:42 temperatures ranging from- 101° C up to
00:02:43 --> 00:02:46 more than 148° C when it does finally
00:02:47 --> 00:02:49 fly the Dreamchaser together with its
00:02:49 --> 00:02:51 shooting star cargo module will
00:02:51 --> 00:02:54 transport up to 544 kg of supplies and
00:02:54 --> 00:02:57 cargo on regular emissions to the space
00:02:57 --> 00:02:59 station and Dreamchaser will return to
00:02:59 --> 00:03:01 Earth after each Mission landing
00:03:01 --> 00:03:03 conventionally on the former Kennedy
00:03:03 --> 00:03:04 Space Center space shuttle Runway
00:03:04 --> 00:03:06 carrying up to
00:03:06 --> 00:03:09 1 kg of returned experiments and
00:03:09 --> 00:03:12 Equipment now Dragon cargo ships bring
00:03:12 --> 00:03:14 experiments back to Earth as well
00:03:14 --> 00:03:16 capabilities neither the signis cargo
00:03:16 --> 00:03:18 ship nor the Russian progress cargo ship
00:03:18 --> 00:03:21 have but unlike the dragon the gentle
00:03:21 --> 00:03:23 Runway Landing undertaken by Dreamchaser
00:03:23 --> 00:03:25 will allow the return to Earth of more
00:03:25 --> 00:03:27 delicate equipment experiments which
00:03:27 --> 00:03:29 could be damaged in a rougher high G
00:03:29 --> 00:03:32 captal splash down with the early
00:03:32 --> 00:03:34 retirement of the space shuttle in 2021
00:03:34 --> 00:03:37 Dreamchaser is now the only spacecraft
00:03:37 --> 00:03:39 NASA currently funds that's capable of
00:03:39 --> 00:03:42 maneuvering within the atmosphere the
00:03:42 --> 00:03:44 Dreamchaser design isn't new in fact it
00:03:44 --> 00:03:47 goes back over 60 years with its origins
00:03:47 --> 00:03:50 in the United States Air Force 1957 X20
00:03:51 --> 00:03:53 dinosaur man spacecraft which had it
00:03:53 --> 00:03:54 gone into production would have been
00:03:54 --> 00:03:57 launched on top of a modified Titan 3
00:03:57 --> 00:03:59 rocket NASA continued its development
00:03:59 --> 00:04:02 during the 1960s and early '70s with a
00:04:02 --> 00:04:04 range of experimental spacecraft based
00:04:04 --> 00:04:07 on the same common design these include
00:04:07 --> 00:04:11 the Northrop M2 the Martin x23 Prime the
00:04:11 --> 00:04:14 Martin Marietta x24 and the Northrop
00:04:14 --> 00:04:17 hl10 and during the 1990s NASA used the
00:04:17 --> 00:04:20 same basic design again this time to
00:04:20 --> 00:04:23 develop the hl2 experimental space plane
00:04:23 --> 00:04:24 which would eventually evolve into the
00:04:24 --> 00:04:27 x38 emergency crew return vehicle which
00:04:27 --> 00:04:29 was designed to act as an emergency
00:04:29 --> 00:04:31 escape gate aboard the International
00:04:31 --> 00:04:33 Space Station it was designed to be
00:04:33 --> 00:04:35 capable of being transported to the
00:04:35 --> 00:04:37 space station mounted inside the payload
00:04:37 --> 00:04:40 Bay of a space shuttle it would then be
00:04:40 --> 00:04:42 docked to the orbiting Outpost until
00:04:42 --> 00:04:44 needed however that project was
00:04:44 --> 00:04:47 cancelled in 2002 following NASA budget
00:04:47 --> 00:04:50 cuts with all the work done on the
00:04:50 --> 00:04:52 project private company Sierra Nevada
00:04:52 --> 00:04:54 now Sierra space took over development
00:04:54 --> 00:04:57 of the design and as the project
00:04:57 --> 00:05:00 progressed NASA contracted ER of space
00:05:00 --> 00:05:02 for an initial seven cargo missions to
00:05:02 --> 00:05:05 the orbiting Outpost right now a second
00:05:05 --> 00:05:07 Dream Chaser spacecraft is under
00:05:07 --> 00:05:10 construction both Dreamchasers will be
00:05:10 --> 00:05:12 capable of flying at least 15 missions
00:05:12 --> 00:05:14 over a 10year lifespan a third
00:05:14 --> 00:05:17 Dreamchaser was also built that was an
00:05:17 --> 00:05:19 engineering demonstrator for ground and
00:05:19 --> 00:05:22 flight verification and validation tests
00:05:22 --> 00:05:24 right now Sierra space also has plans
00:05:24 --> 00:05:26 for a fully operational man version of
00:05:26 --> 00:05:29 Dreamchaser as well it'll be designed to
00:05:29 --> 00:05:32 carry C to lowth orbit the company also
00:05:32 --> 00:05:34 plans to use Dreamchaser to launch and
00:05:34 --> 00:05:36 build its own orbiting space station
00:05:36 --> 00:05:38 before NASA retires the International
00:05:38 --> 00:05:41 Space Station around 2030 and the story
00:05:41 --> 00:05:44 doesn't end there the United Nations is
00:05:44 --> 00:05:46 looking at Contracting Sierra space to
00:05:46 --> 00:05:48 develop a Dreamchaser to undertake a
00:05:48 --> 00:05:51 series of VI in orbital science
00:05:51 --> 00:05:53 experiments as I mentioned earlier
00:05:53 --> 00:05:56 Dreamchaser doesn't come alone it also
00:05:56 --> 00:05:58 has a m cargo module called the shooting
00:05:58 --> 00:06:01 star star is actually a fully
00:06:01 --> 00:06:03 independent spacecraft which can be
00:06:03 --> 00:06:05 attached to the space Plan before launch
00:06:05 --> 00:06:07 in order to increase cargo capacity
00:06:07 --> 00:06:09 shooting stars fitted with two docking
00:06:09 --> 00:06:12 ports one at each end that allows it to
00:06:12 --> 00:06:14 attach to the rear of the Dreamchaser at
00:06:14 --> 00:06:15 one end and to the space station at the
00:06:15 --> 00:06:18 other this means shooting star can act
00:06:18 --> 00:06:20 as an additional module for astronauts
00:06:20 --> 00:06:21 working aboard the International Space
00:06:22 --> 00:06:24 Station it can hold cargo before it's
00:06:24 --> 00:06:26 transferred to other areas of the space
00:06:26 --> 00:06:29 station or be used for experiments shoot
00:06:29 --> 00:06:31 star also carries external mounting
00:06:31 --> 00:06:33 points for three additional cargo
00:06:33 --> 00:06:36 containers making it Ultra flexible but
00:06:36 --> 00:06:38 unlike the reusable Dreamchaser which
00:06:39 --> 00:06:40 returns to earth after each Mission
00:06:40 --> 00:06:42 landing on a conventional Runway
00:06:42 --> 00:06:44 shooting star is designed to burn up on
00:06:44 --> 00:06:47 re-entry so as its Mission runs to an
00:06:47 --> 00:06:49 end it like signus and progress will be
00:06:49 --> 00:06:52 loaded with trash and then released to
00:06:52 --> 00:06:54 burn up in Earth's atmosphere meanwhile
00:06:54 --> 00:06:56 the Pentagon is looking at using the
00:06:56 --> 00:06:58 shooting star cargo module as the basis
00:06:58 --> 00:07:01 for an aut omous unmanned military space
00:07:01 --> 00:07:03 station which would be used for research
00:07:03 --> 00:07:05 and development work as well as training
00:07:05 --> 00:07:06 and operational missions in low earth
00:07:06 --> 00:07:09 orbit if this plan goes ahead SI space
00:07:10 --> 00:07:11 will redesign the module to include
00:07:11 --> 00:07:13 guidance navigation and control systems
00:07:14 --> 00:07:16 for sustained free flight operations the
00:07:17 --> 00:07:18 military version would host specialized
00:07:19 --> 00:07:21 payloads undertake experimental testing
00:07:21 --> 00:07:23 manufacturing and assembly techniques in
00:07:23 --> 00:07:25 microgravity and carry a range of
00:07:25 --> 00:07:27 logistics longer term plans could
00:07:28 --> 00:07:30 include higher elliptical geosynchronous
00:07:30 --> 00:07:32 orbits around the earth as well as more
00:07:32 --> 00:07:35 distant lunar orbits needless to say
00:07:35 --> 00:07:39 we'll keep you informed this SpaceTime
00:07:39 --> 00:07:42 still to come NASA discovers a long sort
00:07:42 --> 00:07:45 after global electric field on Earth and
00:07:45 --> 00:07:48 Australia's latest lunar rover unveiled
00:07:48 --> 00:07:50 all that and more still to come on
00:07:50 --> 00:07:55 SpaceTime
00:07:55 --> 00:08:04 [Music]
00:08:07 --> 00:08:09 scientists have for the first time
00:08:09 --> 00:08:10 successfully measured a planet-wide
00:08:10 --> 00:08:12 electrical field thought to be as
00:08:12 --> 00:08:14 fundamental to Earth as its
00:08:14 --> 00:08:17 gravitational and magnetic fields known
00:08:17 --> 00:08:19 as the Ambi polar electric field
00:08:19 --> 00:08:21 scientists first hypothesized its
00:08:21 --> 00:08:23 existence over 60 years ago claiming it
00:08:23 --> 00:08:25 drove how the planet's atmosphere can
00:08:25 --> 00:08:27 escape above Earth's North and South
00:08:27 --> 00:08:29 Poles confirmation of the fields
00:08:29 --> 00:08:31 existence was made using observations
00:08:31 --> 00:08:34 undertaken by a suborbital NASA rocket
00:08:34 --> 00:08:37 launched from Norway spard rocket range
00:08:37 --> 00:08:39 a report in the journal Nature says the
00:08:39 --> 00:08:40 mission's measurements confirm the
00:08:40 --> 00:08:43 existence of the ambipolar field and
00:08:43 --> 00:08:45 Quantified its strength revealing its
00:08:45 --> 00:08:47 role in driving atmospheric escape and
00:08:47 --> 00:08:49 shaping the planet's ionosphere an
00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 ionized layer of the upper
00:08:51 --> 00:08:53 atmosphere understanding the complex
00:08:53 --> 00:08:55 movements and evolution of Earth's
00:08:55 --> 00:08:57 atmosphere provide scientists with new
00:08:57 --> 00:08:59 Clues not only about the history of the
00:08:59 --> 00:09:01 planet but it also gives new insights
00:09:01 --> 00:09:02 into the mysteries of other planets
00:09:02 --> 00:09:04 hoping to determine which ones might be
00:09:04 --> 00:09:08 habitable for life since the 1960s
00:09:08 --> 00:09:10 spacecraft flying over Earth's poles
00:09:10 --> 00:09:12 have detected a stream of particles
00:09:12 --> 00:09:15 flowing from the atmosphere into space
00:09:15 --> 00:09:17 theist had long predicted this outflow
00:09:17 --> 00:09:18 which they called The Polar wind
00:09:18 --> 00:09:20 spurring research to understand its
00:09:20 --> 00:09:23 causes some amount of outflow from our
00:09:23 --> 00:09:26 atmosphere was expected you see intense
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 unfiltered sunlight should cause some
00:09:28 --> 00:09:30 particles to De gas and Escape into
00:09:30 --> 00:09:32 space sort of like Steam evaporating
00:09:32 --> 00:09:34 from a pot of boiling water but the
00:09:34 --> 00:09:37 observed polar wind was far more
00:09:37 --> 00:09:39 mysterious many particles within it were
00:09:39 --> 00:09:41 cold with no signs that they had been
00:09:41 --> 00:09:43 heated yet they were traveling at
00:09:43 --> 00:09:46 supersonic speeds the study's lead
00:09:46 --> 00:09:48 author and principal investigator Glen
00:09:48 --> 00:09:50 Collinson from Nas's Gad space flight
00:09:50 --> 00:09:52 center in green Bel Maryland says
00:09:52 --> 00:09:54 something must be drawing these
00:09:54 --> 00:09:56 particles out of the atmosphere and
00:09:56 --> 00:09:58 scientists suspect that some sort of yet
00:09:58 --> 00:10:00 to be discovered electrical field could
00:10:00 --> 00:10:03 be at work the hypothesized electrical
00:10:03 --> 00:10:05 field would be generated at the
00:10:05 --> 00:10:07 subatomic scale it was expected to be
00:10:07 --> 00:10:09 incredibly weak with its effects only
00:10:09 --> 00:10:12 felt over a few hundred kilometers but
00:10:12 --> 00:10:15 for decades detecting it was beyond the
00:10:15 --> 00:10:17 limits of existing
00:10:17 --> 00:10:20 Technologies then in 2016 Collinson and
00:10:20 --> 00:10:22 colleagues developed a new instrument
00:10:22 --> 00:10:24 which they believed was finally up to
00:10:24 --> 00:10:26 the task of measuring Earth's ambipolar
00:10:26 --> 00:10:29 field the instrument was designed to be
00:10:29 --> 00:10:31 on a suborbital rocket flight launched
00:10:31 --> 00:10:34 from the Arctic in a nod to the ship
00:10:34 --> 00:10:36 that carried Ernest Shackleton on his
00:10:36 --> 00:10:38 famous 1914 Voyage to Antarctica the
00:10:38 --> 00:10:41 authors named their mission endurance
00:10:41 --> 00:10:42 the scientists then set course for
00:10:42 --> 00:10:45 svalbard formerly known as shitsburgh a
00:10:45 --> 00:10:47 Norwegian archipelago just a few hundred
00:10:47 --> 00:10:49 kilometers from the North Pole and home
00:10:49 --> 00:10:51 to the northernmost rocket range on
00:10:51 --> 00:10:54 Earth fbad is the only rocket range we
00:10:54 --> 00:10:56 could fly through the polar wind and
00:10:56 --> 00:10:59 make the needed measurements so on May
00:10:59 --> 00:11:02 the 11th 2022 endurance was launched
00:11:02 --> 00:11:05 reaching an altitude of 768 km before
00:11:05 --> 00:11:07 splashing down 19 minutes later in the
00:11:07 --> 00:11:11 Greenland sea across the 518 km altitude
00:11:11 --> 00:11:13 range where it collected data endurance
00:11:13 --> 00:11:16 measured a change in electric potential
00:11:16 --> 00:11:20 of 0.55 volts now Collinson admits half
00:11:20 --> 00:11:22 a volt is almost nothing it's only about
00:11:22 --> 00:11:25 as strong as a watch battery but it also
00:11:25 --> 00:11:27 just happens to be the right amount to
00:11:27 --> 00:11:30 explain the polar wind hydrogen ions the
00:11:30 --> 00:11:32 most abundant type of particle in the
00:11:32 --> 00:11:34 polar wind experience an outward force
00:11:34 --> 00:11:36 from this field 10.6 times stronger than
00:11:36 --> 00:11:39 gravity now that's more than enough to
00:11:39 --> 00:11:41 counter gravity in fact it's enough to
00:11:41 --> 00:11:42 launch them upwards into space at
00:11:42 --> 00:11:45 supersonic speeds which is exactly what
00:11:45 --> 00:11:47 had previously been observed and heavier
00:11:47 --> 00:11:50 particles could also get a Boost Oxygen
00:11:50 --> 00:11:52 ions at the same altitude most in this
00:11:52 --> 00:11:54 half Vol field weigh half as much as
00:11:54 --> 00:11:56 they normally would on the ground in
00:11:56 --> 00:11:58 general the authors found that the
00:11:58 --> 00:12:00 ambipolar field increases what's known
00:12:00 --> 00:12:03 as the scale height of the ionosphere by
00:12:03 --> 00:12:05 271 meaning the ionosphere remains
00:12:05 --> 00:12:07 denser to Greater Heights than it would
00:12:07 --> 00:12:10 without the field Collinson describes it
00:12:10 --> 00:12:12 as being like a conveyor belt lifting
00:12:12 --> 00:12:14 the atmosphere up into space he says the
00:12:15 --> 00:12:17 ambipolar field is a fundamental energy
00:12:17 --> 00:12:19 field to the planet alongside that of
00:12:19 --> 00:12:21 gravity magnetism and it may have
00:12:22 --> 00:12:23 continuously shaped the evolution of
00:12:23 --> 00:12:25 Earth's atmosphere in ways scientists
00:12:25 --> 00:12:28 can only now begin to explore because
00:12:28 --> 00:12:30 it's created by the internal dynamics of
00:12:30 --> 00:12:32 an atmosphere similar electric fields
00:12:32 --> 00:12:34 are expected to exist on other planets
00:12:34 --> 00:12:38 including Venus and Mars Collinson says
00:12:38 --> 00:12:40 any planet with an atmosphere should
00:12:40 --> 00:12:45 have an ambipolar field 3 2
00:12:45 --> 00:12:48 1 this is the endurance rocket ship and
00:12:48 --> 00:12:49 she's about to discover something
00:12:49 --> 00:12:52 incredible and fundamental about the
00:12:52 --> 00:12:55 Earth so why here what makes Earth this
00:12:55 --> 00:12:57 special place that we all call home one
00:12:57 --> 00:12:59 of the reasons Maybe
00:12:59 --> 00:13:01 due to the energy fields that our planet
00:13:01 --> 00:13:04 creates so the first one's gravity
00:13:04 --> 00:13:06 you're very familiar with gravity it's
00:13:06 --> 00:13:08 important for life because it's holding
00:13:08 --> 00:13:10 our atmosphere on if you don't have
00:13:10 --> 00:13:12 enough gravity Your Atmosphere tends to
00:13:12 --> 00:13:15 Escape to Space like at Mars the second
00:13:15 --> 00:13:18 field is the magnetic field it's this
00:13:18 --> 00:13:20 Shield that's protecting our planet from
00:13:20 --> 00:13:22 the stream of particles that comes from
00:13:22 --> 00:13:25 the Sun so our rocket has discovered and
00:13:25 --> 00:13:27 finally measured number three it's
00:13:27 --> 00:13:29 called the Amber polar field and it's an
00:13:29 --> 00:13:32 agent of chaos it counters gravity and
00:13:32 --> 00:13:35 it strips particles off into space
00:13:35 --> 00:13:37 whenever spacecraft have flown over the
00:13:37 --> 00:13:39 poles of the earth they felt this
00:13:39 --> 00:13:41 supersonic wind of particles called The
00:13:41 --> 00:13:44 Polar wind flowing out into space there
00:13:44 --> 00:13:46 must be some invisible force lurking
00:13:46 --> 00:13:49 there responsible for this outflow but
00:13:49 --> 00:13:50 we've never been able to measure this
00:13:50 --> 00:13:52 before cuz we haven't had the technology
00:13:52 --> 00:13:54 so we built the endurance rocket ship to
00:13:54 --> 00:13:57 go looking for this great invisible
00:13:57 --> 00:13:59 force right this ambipolar electrical
00:13:59 --> 00:14:01 field for the first time so we were
00:14:01 --> 00:14:03 expecting to hopefully find the source
00:14:03 --> 00:14:05 of this polar wind but what we weren't
00:14:05 --> 00:14:07 expecting was this other thing that it
00:14:07 --> 00:14:09 does to our skies and to the atmosphere
00:14:09 --> 00:14:12 which is just so
00:14:12 --> 00:14:14 profound there's only one launch site in
00:14:14 --> 00:14:17 the world far enough North to actually
00:14:17 --> 00:14:18 try and launch into this thing and it's
00:14:18 --> 00:14:21 in the very north of this tiny island
00:14:21 --> 00:14:23 called fard just off the coast of the
00:14:23 --> 00:14:26 north of Norway which meant a little bit
00:14:26 --> 00:14:36 of a trk to get it to the launch side
00:14:36 --> 00:14:40 about to sail today from mongan to neis
00:14:40 --> 00:14:43 up the coast uh for about 14
00:14:43 --> 00:14:47 [Music]
00:14:47 --> 00:14:49 hours we had a couple of days of being
00:14:49 --> 00:14:53 completely Whited out and now it's calm
00:14:53 --> 00:14:55 in this beautiful country I'm have a
00:14:55 --> 00:15:00 feeling this might be the day
00:15:00 --> 00:15:04 solar solar go radar go Mission Control
00:15:04 --> 00:15:07 this is endurance go flight we are go
00:15:07 --> 00:15:08 for
00:15:08 --> 00:15:11 launch I think we're about to launch a
00:15:11 --> 00:15:24 rocket 3 2
00:15:24 --> 00:15:27 1 during the 15-minute suborbital flight
00:15:27 --> 00:15:30 we successfully me measured this Amber
00:15:30 --> 00:15:32 polar field for the first time when you
00:15:32 --> 00:15:33 add up all of the strength of it over
00:15:33 --> 00:15:35 the whole flight the whole potential
00:15:35 --> 00:15:37 drop was only about half a volt and
00:15:37 --> 00:15:38 that's nothing right that's about as
00:15:38 --> 00:15:40 strong as one of those tiny little watch
00:15:40 --> 00:15:43 batteries but that's exactly the amount
00:15:43 --> 00:15:45 that you need to explain this you know
00:15:45 --> 00:15:47 polar wind escape this this
00:15:47 --> 00:15:49 outflow because we measured it for the
00:15:50 --> 00:15:51 first time we can
00:15:51 --> 00:15:54 actually understand the role it plays in
00:15:54 --> 00:15:57 the atmosphere and despite being weak
00:15:57 --> 00:15:59 it's incredibly important it counters
00:15:59 --> 00:16:02 gravity and it basically lifts the skies
00:16:02 --> 00:16:04 up it's like this conveyor belt that's
00:16:04 --> 00:16:07 lifting this atmosphere up into
00:16:07 --> 00:16:09 space so like us you're probably left
00:16:09 --> 00:16:11 with a lot of questions right what does
00:16:11 --> 00:16:14 this field do what's it for right how
00:16:14 --> 00:16:16 has it shape the planet and I can't tell
00:16:17 --> 00:16:21 you yet this field is so fundamental to
00:16:21 --> 00:16:23 understanding the way the planet works
00:16:23 --> 00:16:24 it's been here since the beginning
00:16:24 --> 00:16:27 alongside gravity and magnetism it's
00:16:27 --> 00:16:29 been lofting particles to space and you
00:16:29 --> 00:16:32 know stretching up the sky since the
00:16:32 --> 00:16:34 beginning it's probably had an impact on
00:16:34 --> 00:16:36 the evolution of the atmosphere but I
00:16:36 --> 00:16:38 can't tell you how much yet may even
00:16:38 --> 00:16:40 have left a mark on the oceans how much
00:16:40 --> 00:16:43 I don't know this field is a fundamental
00:16:43 --> 00:16:46 part of the way earth works and now we
00:16:46 --> 00:16:47 finally measured it we can actually
00:16:47 --> 00:16:49 start to ask some of these bigger and
00:16:49 --> 00:16:52 exciting
00:16:52 --> 00:16:54 [Music]
00:16:54 --> 00:16:56 questions that's Glen Collinson from
00:16:56 --> 00:16:58 Nas's God out space flight center in
00:16:59 --> 00:17:02 Green Belt Maryland and this is
00:17:02 --> 00:17:05 spacetime still to come a new Australian
00:17:05 --> 00:17:08 lunar rover unveiled and later in the
00:17:08 --> 00:17:10 science report Australia has agreed to
00:17:10 --> 00:17:13 manufacture and service Crews missiles
00:17:13 --> 00:17:15 at a new facility now being built at
00:17:15 --> 00:17:17 William toown north of Newcastle all
00:17:17 --> 00:17:25 that and more still to come on SpaceTime
00:17:25 --> 00:17:36 [Music]
00:17:36 --> 00:17:38 a perth-based Consortium has revealed a
00:17:38 --> 00:17:40 prototype of their proposed new
00:17:40 --> 00:17:42 Australian lunar rover as part of NASA's
00:17:42 --> 00:17:46 Artemus Moon missions program the 20 kg
00:17:46 --> 00:17:48 Australian remote operations for space
00:17:48 --> 00:17:50 and earth or Aros Consortium vehicle
00:17:50 --> 00:17:52 which is only slightly larger than a
00:17:52 --> 00:17:54 suitcase would be used on the moon as
00:17:54 --> 00:17:56 part of what would be the first
00:17:56 --> 00:17:58 fullscale lunar resource extraction
00:17:58 --> 00:17:59 mission
00:17:59 --> 00:18:01 it would collect data on lunar regul
00:18:01 --> 00:18:03 together with samples that could
00:18:03 --> 00:18:05 ultimately be used to produce oxygen
00:18:05 --> 00:18:07 that oxygen would be in support of a
00:18:07 --> 00:18:10 permanent man Luna base the oxygen could
00:18:10 --> 00:18:12 be used both for breathing and also as
00:18:12 --> 00:18:15 an oxidizer for propellant the solar
00:18:15 --> 00:18:17 powered forward Rover is equipped with a
00:18:17 --> 00:18:19 camera scientific sensors and a scoop to
00:18:19 --> 00:18:21 collect samples and it will be remotely
00:18:21 --> 00:18:24 operated from Earth the vehicle
00:18:24 --> 00:18:25 suspension system would allow it to deal
00:18:25 --> 00:18:27 with the moon's rough terrain getting
00:18:27 --> 00:18:30 over Boulders and deep slopes the
00:18:30 --> 00:18:32 Prototype is part of NASA's Moon to Mars
00:18:32 --> 00:18:34 initiative which aims to further grow
00:18:34 --> 00:18:37 the Australian space industry it comes 8
00:18:37 --> 00:18:39 months after the L2 Consortium presented
00:18:39 --> 00:18:42 their rifle prototype the two consorti
00:18:42 --> 00:18:44 were each given Federal funding under
00:18:44 --> 00:18:46 the Trailblazer program to develop a
00:18:46 --> 00:18:48 lunar rover concept for NASA in support
00:18:48 --> 00:18:51 of the artmus Moon to Mars missions the
00:18:51 --> 00:18:54 elo2 Consortium semi-autonomous
00:18:54 --> 00:18:57 prototype lunar rova the ru was unveiled
00:18:57 --> 00:19:00 in Adelaide earlier this year yeah this
00:19:00 --> 00:19:01 is
00:19:01 --> 00:19:16 [Music]
00:19:16 --> 00:19:18 spacetime and time now to take a brief
00:19:18 --> 00:19:20 look at some of the other stories making
00:19:20 --> 00:19:21 news and science this week with the
00:19:21 --> 00:19:24 science report Australia has agreed to
00:19:24 --> 00:19:27 manufacture and service cruise missiles
00:19:27 --> 00:19:29 at a new facility now being being built
00:19:29 --> 00:19:31 at williamtown north of Newcastle the
00:19:31 --> 00:19:34 Naval Strike missiles or NSM are an
00:19:34 --> 00:19:37 anti-ship and anti-and cruise missile
00:19:37 --> 00:19:39 with a range of around 250 km and
00:19:39 --> 00:19:42 capable of carrying 120 kg Warhead
00:19:43 --> 00:19:44 they're currently deployed aboard
00:19:44 --> 00:19:46 Australia's Anzac class frigates and
00:19:46 --> 00:19:48 will soon be fitted to its ages class
00:19:48 --> 00:19:51 destroyers their Joint Strike missile or
00:19:51 --> 00:19:53 JSM counterpart are designed to be air
00:19:54 --> 00:19:56 launched from F-35 lightning to Joint
00:19:56 --> 00:19:59 Strike Fighters the new plan will begin
00:19:59 --> 00:20:01 production in 2027 manufacturing around
00:20:01 --> 00:20:04 100 missiles a year under license from
00:20:04 --> 00:20:07 the Norwegian firm kbur Australia is one
00:20:07 --> 00:20:09 of several asia-pacific Nations
00:20:09 --> 00:20:12 dramatically increasing defense spending
00:20:12 --> 00:20:13 it's the latest in the string of
00:20:13 --> 00:20:15 Australian defense projects in the wake
00:20:15 --> 00:20:17 of the dramatic escalation in China's
00:20:17 --> 00:20:19 military spending and Russia's invasion
00:20:19 --> 00:20:21 of
00:20:21 --> 00:20:23 Ukraine a new study has shown that a
00:20:23 --> 00:20:25 drug currently used to treat type 2
00:20:25 --> 00:20:27 diabetes could potentially reduce the
00:20:27 --> 00:20:29 risk of dementia
00:20:29 --> 00:20:31 because type 2 diabetes has already been
00:20:31 --> 00:20:33 associated with an increased risk of
00:20:33 --> 00:20:35 dementia researchers paired up over
00:20:35 --> 00:20:38 100 Koreans AG between 40 and 69 who
00:20:38 --> 00:20:41 already have type 2 diabetes half of
00:20:41 --> 00:20:43 them were being treated with an sglt2
00:20:43 --> 00:20:45 inhibitor while the other half were
00:20:45 --> 00:20:48 using a dpp4 inhibitor the authors then
00:20:48 --> 00:20:50 monitored dementia diagnosis within the
00:20:50 --> 00:20:53 group a report in the British medical
00:20:53 --> 00:20:55 journal found that
00:20:55 --> 00:20:57 1 patients were diagnosed with
00:20:57 --> 00:21:00 dementia during the study period but
00:21:00 --> 00:21:03 they found that those using the sglt2
00:21:03 --> 00:21:05 inhibitor had a 35% reduced risk of
00:21:05 --> 00:21:07 dementia compared to those using the
00:21:07 --> 00:21:10 dpp4 Inhibitors and the reduced risk
00:21:10 --> 00:21:12 appear to be stronger for those who had
00:21:12 --> 00:21:15 been using the sglt2 inhibitors for
00:21:15 --> 00:21:18 longer a new study has shown that dogs
00:21:18 --> 00:21:20 can understand words from soundboard
00:21:20 --> 00:21:22 buttons the findings reported in the
00:21:23 --> 00:21:25 journal plus one represent the first
00:21:25 --> 00:21:26 empirical study emerging from the
00:21:26 --> 00:21:29 world's largest longitudinal project on
00:21:29 --> 00:21:31 button train Pets the research
00:21:31 --> 00:21:33 undertaken by the University of
00:21:33 --> 00:21:35 California San Diego involved two
00:21:35 --> 00:21:38 complimentary experiments the first was
00:21:38 --> 00:21:39 conducted in person with researchers
00:21:40 --> 00:21:42 visiting 30 dogs at their homes across
00:21:42 --> 00:21:43 the country in order to test their
00:21:44 --> 00:21:46 responses to Soundboard buttons the
00:21:46 --> 00:21:48 second experiment utilized citizen
00:21:48 --> 00:21:51 science where 29 dog owners conducted
00:21:51 --> 00:21:53 the trials themselves at their homes
00:21:53 --> 00:21:56 under remote guidance overall the study
00:21:56 --> 00:21:57 showed that dogs trained to use
00:21:57 --> 00:21:59 soundboards responded appropriately to
00:21:59 --> 00:22:02 words like play and outside regardless
00:22:02 --> 00:22:04 of whether those words were spoken by
00:22:04 --> 00:22:06 their owners or triggered by pressing a
00:22:06 --> 00:22:09 button this suggests that dogs are not
00:22:09 --> 00:22:10 merely reading their owner's body
00:22:10 --> 00:22:13 language or presence but are indeed
00:22:13 --> 00:22:16 processing language the findings show
00:22:16 --> 00:22:18 that words matter to dogs and that they
00:22:18 --> 00:22:20 respond to words themselves and not just
00:22:20 --> 00:22:22 Associated
00:22:22 --> 00:22:25 Clues well it seems the good folk of
00:22:25 --> 00:22:26 Jolly Old England may be getting a
00:22:26 --> 00:22:28 little bit too Jolly with growing
00:22:28 --> 00:22:31 reports of what people are calling time
00:22:31 --> 00:22:33 slipping now if this is the first time
00:22:33 --> 00:22:34 you've heard that expression you're not
00:22:34 --> 00:22:37 alone apparently time slipping is a
00:22:37 --> 00:22:39 phenomenon being experienced by lots of
00:22:39 --> 00:22:41 people who suddenly find themselves
00:22:41 --> 00:22:43 traveling backwards in time for a few
00:22:43 --> 00:22:45 seconds before returning to the present
00:22:45 --> 00:22:48 day Tim menum from Australian skeptic
00:22:48 --> 00:22:50 says those claiming to experience time
00:22:50 --> 00:22:52 slippage are more likely affected by
00:22:52 --> 00:22:55 factors such as tiredness hunger fear
00:22:55 --> 00:22:57 excitement or alcohol and drugs it's
00:22:57 --> 00:22:59 becoming a bit of a interesting fad or
00:22:59 --> 00:23:02 Trend to go through a time slip this is
00:23:02 --> 00:23:05 a temporary moment in time where you're
00:23:05 --> 00:23:06 walking down the street or you heading
00:23:06 --> 00:23:09 into a building or going into a pub and
00:23:09 --> 00:23:10 suddenly you think you're in a different
00:23:10 --> 00:23:12 time like decades or Century different
00:23:12 --> 00:23:14 time cases of people who were saying I
00:23:14 --> 00:23:16 suddenly found myself walking down the
00:23:16 --> 00:23:17 street in London seems a lot of English
00:23:17 --> 00:23:18 things actually walking down the street
00:23:18 --> 00:23:20 in London and suddenly I'm surrounded by
00:23:20 --> 00:23:22 old buildings and cobblestones and that
00:23:22 --> 00:23:24 sort of thing and L that's what London
00:23:24 --> 00:23:26 looks like except for the I turn around
00:23:26 --> 00:23:28 and it's back to back to you know 21st
00:23:28 --> 00:23:30 Century others said that they've noticed
00:23:30 --> 00:23:31 this for a while there are supposedly
00:23:31 --> 00:23:33 some places where it happens a lot say
00:23:33 --> 00:23:34 look you almost make it a tourist
00:23:34 --> 00:23:36 destination others just just as an
00:23:36 --> 00:23:38 immedate thing and someone saying they
00:23:38 --> 00:23:40 walked out of a wedding just to get some
00:23:40 --> 00:23:41 fresh air walk back in everyone's
00:23:41 --> 00:23:43 suddenly wearing kralin and all this
00:23:43 --> 00:23:44 sort of stuff blink their eyes and it's
00:23:44 --> 00:23:46 gone so various suggestions for what
00:23:46 --> 00:23:48 might be happening hallucinations how
00:23:48 --> 00:23:50 fragile a human perception really is and
00:23:50 --> 00:23:52 that's known as in witness cases
00:23:52 --> 00:23:53 Witnesses are known to be very
00:23:53 --> 00:23:55 unreliable they think they see things
00:23:55 --> 00:23:57 this cognitive bias you want to sort of
00:23:57 --> 00:23:59 see this stuff under suggestion if you
00:23:59 --> 00:24:01 drink too much or you're tired anyway
00:24:01 --> 00:24:02 Altered States Of Consciousness for
00:24:02 --> 00:24:04 whatever reason like when you're falling
00:24:04 --> 00:24:06 asleep or waking up and you have that
00:24:06 --> 00:24:08 weird sort of sensation PS you're seeing
00:24:08 --> 00:24:09 things there or that doesn't explain
00:24:09 --> 00:24:10 when you're walking along
00:24:10 --> 00:24:12 electromagnetic field always comes up as
00:24:12 --> 00:24:13 an explanation and I don't know if that
00:24:13 --> 00:24:15 would actually work or not from a great
00:24:15 --> 00:24:16 distance they're talking about one of
00:24:16 --> 00:24:19 these side P notoriously over a a
00:24:19 --> 00:24:21 junction of the other the tube the
00:24:21 --> 00:24:22 underground station so that would put
00:24:22 --> 00:24:24 out a lot of electromagnetic radiation
00:24:24 --> 00:24:25 but it would everywhere I think I would
00:24:25 --> 00:24:28 suggest that um hallucination Wishful
00:24:28 --> 00:24:30 thing to know that's timendum from
00:24:30 --> 00:24:34 Australian
00:24:34 --> 00:24:42 [Music]
00:24:46 --> 00:24:49 Skeptics and that's the show for now
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