Source:
https://www.spreaker.com/episode/s27e118-dark-matter-s-hidden-forces-naked-eye-comet-and-mars-by-2028--62161801
SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 118
*Dark Matter May Be Experiencing Forces Beyond Gravity
A groundbreaking new study suggests that dark matter, the elusive substance making up 85% of the universe's matter, may interact through forces other than gravity. Using observations from the Hubble Space Telescope, researchers have found that dark matter particles might experience additional forces, providing crucial new insights into their nature. The findings challenge the long-held collisionless cold dark matter model, opening new avenues for understanding the universe's most perplexing component.
*Rare Naked Eye Comet Visible from Earth
Skywatchers have a unique opportunity to witness the rare comet C/2023 A3 (Shushani Atlas) with the naked eye. Discovered by the Purple Mountain Observatory and the Atlas system, this comet is currently visible just before sunrise near the eastern horizon. On an 80,000-year journey from the Oort cloud, it is expected to become even brighter after passing close to the Sun, potentially reaching a magnitude of 2.5.
*Humans on Mars by 2028?
Former US President Donald Trump has announced an ambitious plan to send humans to Mars by 2028, eight years ahead of current schedules. This bold statement comes as Trump hints at discussions with SpaceX CEO Elon Musk to use the company's Starship for the mission. While the Artemis programme aims to return humans to the Moon by 2026, Trump's proposal could significantly accelerate human exploration of the Red Planet.
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00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 this is spacetime series 27 episode 118
00:00:03 --> 00:00:05 for broadcast on the 30th of September
00:00:05 --> 00:00:09 2024 coming up on SpaceTime a new study
00:00:09 --> 00:00:12 suggests Dark Matter may be experiencing
00:00:12 --> 00:00:15 forces Beyond gravity a rare naked eye
00:00:15 --> 00:00:18 Comet visible from Earth right now and
00:00:18 --> 00:00:20 could humans be walking on the red
00:00:20 --> 00:00:24 planet Mars in Just 4 years time all
00:00:24 --> 00:00:27 that and more coming up on
00:00:27 --> 00:00:30 SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with
00:00:30 --> 00:00:32 Stuart
00:00:32 --> 00:00:39 [Music]
00:00:46 --> 00:00:49 Gary a new study has raised the
00:00:49 --> 00:00:51 fascinating hypothesis that dark matter
00:00:51 --> 00:00:54 may be experiencing forces other than
00:00:54 --> 00:00:56 gravity dark matter is a mysterious
00:00:56 --> 00:00:59 invisible substance that makes up some
00:00:59 --> 00:01:02 85 % of all the matter in the universe
00:01:02 --> 00:01:05 but the problem is scientists have
00:01:05 --> 00:01:08 absolutely no idea what it is and that's
00:01:08 --> 00:01:10 frustrating because it means that
00:01:10 --> 00:01:12 everything you know and see about the
00:01:12 --> 00:01:14 universe from the trillions upon
00:01:14 --> 00:01:16 trillions of stars and planets down to
00:01:16 --> 00:01:19 plants cars dogs cats houses and people
00:01:19 --> 00:01:21 even subatomic particles like neutrinos
00:01:21 --> 00:01:25 and quarks only make up about 15% of all
00:01:25 --> 00:01:27 there is in the universe the vast
00:01:27 --> 00:01:30 majority is simply invisible even though
00:01:30 --> 00:01:32 scientists can't see dark matter they
00:01:32 --> 00:01:34 know it exists because they can see its
00:01:34 --> 00:01:37 gravitational influence on normal matter
00:01:37 --> 00:01:39 and that makes its existence one of the
00:01:39 --> 00:01:40 most perplexing problems facing the
00:01:41 --> 00:01:44 scientific Community today and so
00:01:44 --> 00:01:46 unraveling its Nature has become one of
00:01:46 --> 00:01:49 the primary goals of modern physics now
00:01:49 --> 00:01:51 a new study is suggested that dark
00:01:51 --> 00:01:53 matter particles don't behave as
00:01:53 --> 00:01:55 scientists thought they should in other
00:01:55 --> 00:01:56 words by only interacting with each
00:01:56 --> 00:01:58 other and with ordinary matter through
00:01:58 --> 00:02:01 gravity in instead this new studies
00:02:01 --> 00:02:03 concluded that dark matter does fill
00:02:03 --> 00:02:05 other forces that although subdominant
00:02:05 --> 00:02:07 offer crucial new insights into its
00:02:07 --> 00:02:10 nature this new study reported in the
00:02:10 --> 00:02:12 astrophysical journal letters is based
00:02:12 --> 00:02:14 on Fresh observations by the Hubble
00:02:14 --> 00:02:16 Space Telescope over the past four
00:02:16 --> 00:02:19 decades the dominant hypothesis has been
00:02:19 --> 00:02:20 that dark matter is composed of
00:02:20 --> 00:02:22 particles with mass but with no other
00:02:22 --> 00:02:25 properties no interactions between them
00:02:25 --> 00:02:26 or with other known matter beyond the
00:02:26 --> 00:02:29 force of gravity and this model of dark
00:02:29 --> 00:02:32 matter is known as collisionless cold
00:02:32 --> 00:02:34 dark matter and it's useful because it
00:02:34 --> 00:02:36 explains the effects of Dark Matter on
00:02:36 --> 00:02:38 the formation of structures in the
00:02:38 --> 00:02:40 universe the problem is it doesn't solve
00:02:40 --> 00:02:42 the fundamental mystery posed by Dark
00:02:42 --> 00:02:44 Matter namely what is it and how does
00:02:44 --> 00:02:46 its existence fit in with the known
00:02:46 --> 00:02:49 models of particle physics this new
00:02:49 --> 00:02:50 study used a new technique which
00:02:50 --> 00:02:52 analyzed the distribution of light
00:02:52 --> 00:02:55 observed in very low mass galaxies these
00:02:55 --> 00:02:56 are galaxies with only a few thousand
00:02:56 --> 00:02:59 stars in them see in recent years the
00:02:59 --> 00:03:01 the study of the properties of low mass
00:03:01 --> 00:03:03 galaxies both their structure and their
00:03:03 --> 00:03:05 numbers has gained attention in the
00:03:05 --> 00:03:07 astronomical Community because the
00:03:07 --> 00:03:09 collisional cold Dark Matter model
00:03:09 --> 00:03:11 doesn't seem to fully explain these
00:03:11 --> 00:03:14 types of galaxies until now none of the
00:03:14 --> 00:03:15 previous Studies have been able to
00:03:15 --> 00:03:17 conclusively reject the simple Dark
00:03:17 --> 00:03:19 Matter model as the effects of ordinary
00:03:19 --> 00:03:21 matter on Galaxy properties are
00:03:21 --> 00:03:23 significant and compete with the effects
00:03:23 --> 00:03:25 of Dark Matter however the new study
00:03:25 --> 00:03:28 focused on a specific type of galaxy
00:03:28 --> 00:03:29 with the scientific Community consider
00:03:29 --> 00:03:31 is the effects of ordinary matter Play
00:03:31 --> 00:03:34 No role in shaping galaxies and these
00:03:34 --> 00:03:36 Ultra faint dwarf galaxies with a
00:03:36 --> 00:03:38 million times fewer Stars than say our
00:03:38 --> 00:03:41 own galaxy The Milky Way serve as ideal
00:03:41 --> 00:03:43 Laboratories to explore the nature of
00:03:43 --> 00:03:46 Dark Matter one of the studies authors
00:03:46 --> 00:03:48 George Sanchez almea from The Institute
00:03:48 --> 00:03:50 of astrophysics in the Canary Islands
00:03:50 --> 00:03:52 says using this novel technique based
00:03:52 --> 00:03:54 solely on the distribution of stars
00:03:54 --> 00:03:56 allow his team to be a to reject the
00:03:56 --> 00:03:58 collisionless cold Dark Matter model
00:03:58 --> 00:04:00 with a fairly High statistical
00:04:00 --> 00:04:02 significance he says his research
00:04:02 --> 00:04:04 suggests that dark matter does more than
00:04:04 --> 00:04:07 only interact gravitationally for
00:04:07 --> 00:04:08 example if it were made of particles
00:04:08 --> 00:04:10 that would collide with each other like
00:04:10 --> 00:04:12 billiard balls in the accepted
00:04:12 --> 00:04:13 collisionless Dark Matter model one of
00:04:13 --> 00:04:15 these particles would pass through
00:04:15 --> 00:04:17 another without noticing it to reach
00:04:17 --> 00:04:19 this conclusion the authors discovered
00:04:19 --> 00:04:21 that the distribution of stars in these
00:04:21 --> 00:04:23 Ultra Fane dwarf galaxies instead of
00:04:23 --> 00:04:25 accumulating towards the center remain
00:04:25 --> 00:04:28 constant now if this happens it's
00:04:28 --> 00:04:29 because something is interacted with
00:04:29 --> 00:04:31 them to change their course and that
00:04:31 --> 00:04:34 something is dark matter which contrary
00:04:34 --> 00:04:36 to previous beliefs is itself
00:04:36 --> 00:04:37 responsible for the shape of the Halos
00:04:37 --> 00:04:40 of these galaxies one of the most
00:04:40 --> 00:04:41 fascinating aspects of this study is
00:04:41 --> 00:04:43 that all the galaxies studied have
00:04:43 --> 00:04:45 identical Stellar
00:04:45 --> 00:04:47 distributions it's as if these Galaxies
00:04:47 --> 00:04:49 have forgotten their own evolutionary
00:04:49 --> 00:04:51 history after all they couldn't have all
00:04:51 --> 00:04:54 evolved exactly the same way the authors
00:04:54 --> 00:04:57 say this must be hinting at something it
00:04:57 --> 00:04:59 can only be well understood if dark
00:04:59 --> 00:05:02 matter has erased these galaxies past
00:05:02 --> 00:05:04 indicating that its ultimate nature is
00:05:04 --> 00:05:06 far more complex than what scientists
00:05:06 --> 00:05:10 have previously thought this is
00:05:10 --> 00:05:13 spacetime still to come a rare naked eye
00:05:13 --> 00:05:15 Comet visible from Earth right now and
00:05:15 --> 00:05:17 could humans be walking on the red
00:05:17 --> 00:05:20 planet Mars in as little as 4 years from
00:05:20 --> 00:05:21 now we'll tell you about the US
00:05:21 --> 00:05:24 presidential candidate who wants it done
00:05:24 --> 00:05:26 all that and more still to come on
00:05:26 --> 00:05:32 SpaceTime
00:05:32 --> 00:05:43 [Music]
00:05:43 --> 00:05:44 if you get up early in the mornings over
00:05:45 --> 00:05:46 the next few days you might get the
00:05:46 --> 00:05:49 chance to see a rare naked eye Comet the
00:05:49 --> 00:05:53 brighter than expected Comet c223 A3
00:05:53 --> 00:05:56 suany Atlas can be seen right now just
00:05:56 --> 00:05:58 Before Sunrise near the Eastern Horizon
00:05:58 --> 00:06:01 as a small fuzzy blob it was discovered
00:06:01 --> 00:06:04 back in January 2023 by the Purple
00:06:04 --> 00:06:06 Mountain Observatory in China and the
00:06:06 --> 00:06:08 atlas terrestrial impact last alert
00:06:08 --> 00:06:11 system or Atlas in Hawaii sushan Atlas
00:06:11 --> 00:06:13 is making its closest approach to Earth
00:06:13 --> 00:06:15 right now and it appears to be shaping
00:06:15 --> 00:06:18 up to be the best Comet of the Year this
00:06:18 --> 00:06:20 comet is on an 880 year Journey from
00:06:20 --> 00:06:23 the or Cloud a diffused collection of
00:06:23 --> 00:06:25 Frozen worlds comets and icy debris
00:06:25 --> 00:06:27 stretching halfway to the next star
00:06:27 --> 00:06:29 system the O clouds thought to be a
00:06:30 --> 00:06:31 mixture of material left over from the
00:06:31 --> 00:06:34 formation of our solar system 4.6
00:06:34 --> 00:06:36 billion years ago and Interstellar
00:06:36 --> 00:06:38 objects from other star systems that are
00:06:38 --> 00:06:39 being caught up in the sun's
00:06:39 --> 00:06:43 gravitational pool sushen atlas's highly
00:06:43 --> 00:06:44 elliptical orbit takes the comet
00:06:44 --> 00:06:46 perpendicular to the ecliptic that's the
00:06:47 --> 00:06:49 plane of planetary orbits around the sun
00:06:49 --> 00:06:51 and the other day its perhelion saw it
00:06:51 --> 00:06:53 pass closer to the Sun than the orbit of
00:06:53 --> 00:06:56 the planet Venus now if it holds
00:06:56 --> 00:06:58 together as it swoops around behind the
00:06:58 --> 00:07:00 Sun and reemerges it should brighten
00:07:00 --> 00:07:02 significantly as the heat from our local
00:07:02 --> 00:07:05 star causes more ices and gases in the
00:07:05 --> 00:07:07 nucleus to sublimate intensifying the
00:07:07 --> 00:07:10 comet's comr and Tails now if it has
00:07:10 --> 00:07:11 survived its trip around the Sun it
00:07:11 --> 00:07:13 should become easier to see in the
00:07:13 --> 00:07:15 western Horizon in the evening Skies
00:07:15 --> 00:07:18 just after sunset from October the 14th
00:07:18 --> 00:07:19 that'll be as it travels back to the
00:07:20 --> 00:07:21 outer edge of the solar system and
00:07:21 --> 00:07:23 Beyond in fact astronomers are
00:07:23 --> 00:07:25 estimating it could reach a magnitude of
00:07:25 --> 00:07:26 around plus
00:07:26 --> 00:07:29 2.5 magnitude is a logarithmic
00:07:29 --> 00:07:31 measurement of apparent brightness which
00:07:31 --> 00:07:33 is used by astronomers in fact at its
00:07:33 --> 00:07:35 peak this Comet could be as bright as
00:07:35 --> 00:07:38 the planets Jupiter and Mars Mt woods
00:07:38 --> 00:07:40 from the Perth Observatory says the
00:07:40 --> 00:07:42 comet's orbit suggests that it may pass
00:07:42 --> 00:07:44 beyond the O cloud and instead end up
00:07:45 --> 00:07:47 traveling out into the Frozen dark
00:07:47 --> 00:07:49 reaches of interstellar space so we've
00:07:49 --> 00:07:52 had two potential naked eye comets the
00:07:52 --> 00:07:54 first one was 12p Pon Brooks and it just
00:07:54 --> 00:07:57 ended up being a binocular Comet at best
00:07:57 --> 00:07:59 but comet c223
00:07:59 --> 00:08:03 3 shushan Atlas uh seems to be actually
00:08:03 --> 00:08:05 delivering on its potential so if you go
00:08:05 --> 00:08:08 out especially until early October in
00:08:08 --> 00:08:10 the early morning and look East Low Just
00:08:10 --> 00:08:12 Before Sunrise you'll be able to see a
00:08:12 --> 00:08:14 lovely Comet and what do we know about
00:08:14 --> 00:08:16 the history of this Comet so this seems
00:08:16 --> 00:08:18 to be a first time visitor into the
00:08:18 --> 00:08:21 inner solar system it's orbit they think
00:08:21 --> 00:08:23 is about just over 880 years so it's
00:08:23 --> 00:08:26 come from the or cloud and it's very
00:08:26 --> 00:08:28 elongated so there is a potential that
00:08:28 --> 00:08:31 this might not come back ever again it
00:08:31 --> 00:08:33 might be launched into uh Interstellar
00:08:33 --> 00:08:35 space eventually so it's got an
00:08:35 --> 00:08:37 intrinity of
00:08:37 --> 00:08:41 098 so this thing has the potential of
00:08:41 --> 00:08:42 yeah being ejected out of the solar
00:08:42 --> 00:08:44 system and it being an Interstellar
00:08:44 --> 00:08:46 Comet we don't know much about the or
00:08:46 --> 00:08:48 Cloud really the theory among most
00:08:48 --> 00:08:51 astronomers is that these are vagabonds
00:08:51 --> 00:08:53 from the inner solar system that are
00:08:53 --> 00:08:55 just made it that far out but there's
00:08:55 --> 00:08:57 also a strong idea that these could be
00:08:57 --> 00:08:59 Interstellar objects that have simply
00:08:59 --> 00:09:01 been captured by the Sun as the sun
00:09:01 --> 00:09:03 Ventures around the Galaxy yeah it's a
00:09:03 --> 00:09:05 very loose bunch of spherical objects
00:09:05 --> 00:09:08 and out there the sun's influence isn't
00:09:08 --> 00:09:10 very strong so it doesn't take a lot for
00:09:11 --> 00:09:13 them to be sent in into the inner solar
00:09:13 --> 00:09:16 system and that could be a passing star
00:09:16 --> 00:09:19 or or or even collected by another star
00:09:19 --> 00:09:21 if it passes too close to us as well so
00:09:21 --> 00:09:23 yeah it is one of those interesting
00:09:23 --> 00:09:25 parts of our solar system it was it's
00:09:25 --> 00:09:27 very very cold and still an awesome
00:09:27 --> 00:09:29 place to do some research as well that's
00:09:29 --> 00:09:32 Matt Woods from Perth Observatory and
00:09:32 --> 00:09:35 this is spacetime still to come could
00:09:35 --> 00:09:38 humans be walking on the red planet Mars
00:09:38 --> 00:09:40 in just four years time and later in the
00:09:40 --> 00:09:42 science report archaeologists have
00:09:42 --> 00:09:44 discovered what appears to be the
00:09:44 --> 00:09:47 world's oldest cheese all that and more
00:09:47 --> 00:09:54 still to come on SpaceTime
00:09:54 --> 00:10:01 [Music]
00:10:05 --> 00:10:07 election time is funny you know here in
00:10:07 --> 00:10:08 Australia you know an elections about to
00:10:08 --> 00:10:10 be called because politicians start
00:10:10 --> 00:10:12 promising highspeed rail course they
00:10:12 --> 00:10:14 never deliver but the promise is always
00:10:14 --> 00:10:16 there and it's the same thing in the
00:10:16 --> 00:10:18 United States but on a much grander
00:10:18 --> 00:10:21 scale former US president Donald Trump
00:10:21 --> 00:10:23 says he'd like to see humans walking on
00:10:23 --> 00:10:26 the red planet Mars by 2028 that's at
00:10:26 --> 00:10:30 least 8 years earlier than existing plan
00:10:30 --> 00:10:32 the Republican presidential candidate is
00:10:32 --> 00:10:33 told a rally in Wilmington North
00:10:33 --> 00:10:35 Carolina that he'd be holding
00:10:35 --> 00:10:37 discussions with space Expos Elon Musk
00:10:37 --> 00:10:39 about the possibility of musk's new
00:10:39 --> 00:10:41 interplanetary Colonial transport
00:10:41 --> 00:10:44 Starships being ready in time for a man
00:10:44 --> 00:10:46 mission to the red planet by the end of
00:10:46 --> 00:10:48 his second term should he be elected in
00:10:48 --> 00:10:50 November Trump's decision to put a date
00:10:50 --> 00:10:53 on a potential man Mission to Mars is
00:10:53 --> 00:10:55 hugely significant given that he already
00:10:55 --> 00:10:58 changed US national policy in 2017 to
00:10:58 --> 00:11:00 once again make human space exploration
00:11:00 --> 00:11:03 of priority that's why NASA's arabus
00:11:03 --> 00:11:05 Mission will be putting people back on
00:11:05 --> 00:11:08 the moon in the next few years and it
00:11:08 --> 00:11:09 was the 45th president of the United
00:11:09 --> 00:11:11 States who also instigated a new
00:11:11 --> 00:11:14 military Wing the US space force we will
00:11:14 --> 00:11:16 lead the world in space remember I did
00:11:16 --> 00:11:18 space force I did that I rebuilt the
00:11:18 --> 00:11:20 military I did a lot but we have space
00:11:20 --> 00:11:22 force first time in 79 years since Air
00:11:22 --> 00:11:25 Force first time think of it space force
00:11:25 --> 00:11:27 and now we're leading in Space over
00:11:27 --> 00:11:29 Russia and China they were killing us
00:11:29 --> 00:11:31 one I took over and now we're leading
00:11:31 --> 00:11:33 but military we're going to reach and
00:11:33 --> 00:11:36 and it's my plan I'll talk to Elon Elon
00:11:36 --> 00:11:38 get those rocket ships going because we
00:11:38 --> 00:11:40 want to reach Mars before the end of my
00:11:40 --> 00:11:42 term we want to do it and we want to
00:11:42 --> 00:11:46 have also great military protection in
00:11:46 --> 00:11:47 space cuz that's where it's going to be
00:11:47 --> 00:11:50 at Trump's backing of NASA's emus
00:11:50 --> 00:11:51 program was one of the drivers that saw
00:11:52 --> 00:11:54 the unmanned emus 1 Mission successfully
00:11:54 --> 00:11:56 orbit the Moon and returned safely back
00:11:56 --> 00:11:59 to Earth in November 2022
00:11:59 --> 00:12:01 following on from that next year's emus
00:12:01 --> 00:12:03 2 mission will see astronauts orbiting
00:12:03 --> 00:12:05 the moon with the expected return of
00:12:05 --> 00:12:09 humans to the lunar surface on emus 3 in
00:12:09 --> 00:12:12 2026 however the emus program has been
00:12:12 --> 00:12:14 beset by delays during the Biden
00:12:14 --> 00:12:16 presidency earlier this year NASA
00:12:16 --> 00:12:18 announced that the emis 2 was delayed
00:12:19 --> 00:12:20 from the end of this year to September
00:12:20 --> 00:12:23 next year NASA says technical issues
00:12:23 --> 00:12:25 including problems with the Orion
00:12:25 --> 00:12:27 spacecraft's life support systems and
00:12:27 --> 00:12:28 heat shield are the primary concerns
00:12:28 --> 00:12:31 behind these delays a k Congressional
00:12:31 --> 00:12:33 committee was told that while the atmus
00:12:33 --> 00:12:35 2 mission to fly humans around the Moon
00:12:35 --> 00:12:37 next year was doable taking astronauts
00:12:37 --> 00:12:41 to the lunar surface in 2026 wasn't the
00:12:41 --> 00:12:43 committee was told that the 12-month gap
00:12:43 --> 00:12:46 between admus 2 and admus 3 simply isn't
00:12:46 --> 00:12:50 enough time emus uses NASA's SLS rocket
00:12:50 --> 00:12:53 and a Ry capsule however an Elon Musk
00:12:53 --> 00:12:55 organized man Mission to Mars wouldn't
00:12:55 --> 00:12:58 be relying on these instead it would be
00:12:58 --> 00:13:00 using space EX Starship which
00:13:00 --> 00:13:01 successfully completed its first
00:13:01 --> 00:13:03 suborbital test flight earlier this year
00:13:03 --> 00:13:05 and is now waiting for federal approval
00:13:05 --> 00:13:07 for another test flight with a giant
00:13:07 --> 00:13:09 rocket already sitting on its launch pad
00:13:09 --> 00:13:13 at Star Base in Texas Australia is now a
00:13:13 --> 00:13:15 key player in the emus program with NASA
00:13:16 --> 00:13:17 tasking the Australian space agency with
00:13:18 --> 00:13:19 the development of a new lunar robot to
00:13:19 --> 00:13:21 collect lunar regular for eventual
00:13:21 --> 00:13:23 conversion to oxygen to support a
00:13:23 --> 00:13:26 permanent human base on the Moon last
00:13:26 --> 00:13:28 year Brisbane based elo2 unveiled its
00:13:28 --> 00:13:30 first design for a lunar rover with
00:13:30 --> 00:13:32 rival Perth based company arose
00:13:32 --> 00:13:34 following with a model of their design
00:13:34 --> 00:13:39 back in August this is
00:13:39 --> 00:13:53 [Music]
00:13:53 --> 00:13:55 spacetime and time now to take a brief
00:13:55 --> 00:13:57 look at some of the other stories making
00:13:57 --> 00:13:58 news in science this week with the
00:13:58 --> 00:13:59 science
00:13:59 --> 00:14:02 report a new study has found that
00:14:02 --> 00:14:04 children born to mothers who are either
00:14:04 --> 00:14:06 overweight or obese both before and
00:14:06 --> 00:14:08 during their pregnancy have an increased
00:14:08 --> 00:14:10 risk of neurological conditions like
00:14:10 --> 00:14:12 autism spectrum disorder and attention
00:14:12 --> 00:14:14 deficit hyperactivity disorder the
00:14:14 --> 00:14:16 findings by scientists at the University
00:14:16 --> 00:14:19 of South Australia involved a systematic
00:14:19 --> 00:14:21 review of meta analysis from more than
00:14:21 --> 00:14:24 3.6 million mother child pairs across 42
00:14:24 --> 00:14:27 epidemiological studies the authors
00:14:27 --> 00:14:29 found that children Bor to overweight
00:14:29 --> 00:14:32 and obese mothers at a 32% increased
00:14:32 --> 00:14:34 risk of ADHD and more than double the
00:14:34 --> 00:14:38 risk of autism paternal obesity has long
00:14:38 --> 00:14:40 been associated with a range of adverse
00:14:40 --> 00:14:42 perinatal conditions these include
00:14:42 --> 00:14:45 pre-term birth low birth weight still
00:14:45 --> 00:14:48 birth and high birth weight in Australia
00:14:48 --> 00:14:51 one person in every 150 has some level
00:14:51 --> 00:14:54 of autism and more than 8% of children
00:14:54 --> 00:14:57 aged 4 to 11 have been diagnosed with
00:14:57 --> 00:15:00 ADHD globally one in eight people are
00:15:00 --> 00:15:02 now living with
00:15:02 --> 00:15:05 obesity there's more evidence today that
00:15:05 --> 00:15:07 global warming is causing an increase in
00:15:07 --> 00:15:09 the size frequency and severity of
00:15:09 --> 00:15:12 forest fires the new findings reported
00:15:12 --> 00:15:14 in the journal Nature are based on over
00:15:14 --> 00:15:16 a decade of satellite data from northern
00:15:16 --> 00:15:18 temperate and Boral forests as well as
00:15:18 --> 00:15:21 across Australia the data also shows
00:15:21 --> 00:15:23 that these wildfires may even be
00:15:23 --> 00:15:26 increasing land surface warming in fact
00:15:26 --> 00:15:29 scientists found a widespread warming
00:15:29 --> 00:15:31 after the fires and they then used
00:15:31 --> 00:15:33 mathematical simulations to calculate
00:15:33 --> 00:15:35 that bigger fires increased warming on
00:15:35 --> 00:15:38 land in North America Eastern Boral Asia
00:15:38 --> 00:15:40 and in Australia they found that plants
00:15:41 --> 00:15:43 released less water and reflected less
00:15:43 --> 00:15:45 heat following fires however the
00:15:45 --> 00:15:47 increase in warming over land after
00:15:47 --> 00:15:50 fires was not seen in parts of Siberia
00:15:50 --> 00:15:52 and Eastern Europe now that could be due
00:15:52 --> 00:15:54 to the nature of the forest there which
00:15:54 --> 00:15:56 are mainly composed of deciduous
00:15:56 --> 00:15:58 broadlea trees the authors say that PL
00:15:58 --> 00:16:00 planting more broadleaf trees in fire
00:16:00 --> 00:16:02 prone forests could potentially help
00:16:02 --> 00:16:05 curbing any post fire
00:16:05 --> 00:16:08 warming archaeologists have discovered
00:16:08 --> 00:16:10 what could be the world's oldest cheese
00:16:10 --> 00:16:13 the 3 year old dairy product was
00:16:13 --> 00:16:16 found alongside the term Basin mummies
00:16:16 --> 00:16:18 in Northwestern China scientists
00:16:18 --> 00:16:20 extracted and analyzed the DNA from
00:16:21 --> 00:16:22 these ancient cheese and found it
00:16:22 --> 00:16:24 contained both cow and goat DNA as well
00:16:25 --> 00:16:27 as the DNA of microorganisms that are
00:16:27 --> 00:16:29 still used for cheese making today
00:16:29 --> 00:16:31 a report in the journal cell claims the
00:16:31 --> 00:16:34 microorganism DNA allowed scientists to
00:16:34 --> 00:16:35 track the evolution of the bugs used to
00:16:35 --> 00:16:37 make the cheese finding that the ancient
00:16:37 --> 00:16:40 microbes in the sample were most closely
00:16:40 --> 00:16:43 related the strains found in
00:16:43 --> 00:16:45 B have you ever noticed how the once
00:16:45 --> 00:16:47 popular fat of crop circles has pretty
00:16:47 --> 00:16:50 well died out of late it would appear
00:16:50 --> 00:16:52 that the Extraterrestrial visitors
00:16:52 --> 00:16:54 accused of creating these geometric
00:16:54 --> 00:16:56 patterns usually found in wheat or other
00:16:56 --> 00:16:57 serial crop Fields must have become
00:16:57 --> 00:17:00 bored with planet Earth and have left
00:17:00 --> 00:17:02 looking for more interesting places or
00:17:02 --> 00:17:04 it could just be that the hoaxes who
00:17:04 --> 00:17:06 carried out these exercises have grown
00:17:06 --> 00:17:08 up gotten jobs maybe even got married
00:17:08 --> 00:17:11 and moved on with their lives but the
00:17:11 --> 00:17:13 stories of their great exploits which
00:17:13 --> 00:17:14 usually followed a drink or three
00:17:14 --> 00:17:17 continue as Tim mum from Australian
00:17:17 --> 00:17:20 Skeptics explains crop circles s that
00:17:20 --> 00:17:22 offers circles like a state Circle where
00:17:22 --> 00:17:25 someone or some forces or whatever would
00:17:25 --> 00:17:27 go into a wheat crop or some sort of
00:17:28 --> 00:17:30 similar sort of crop and bend over or
00:17:30 --> 00:17:32 knock over the wheat stalks swish them
00:17:32 --> 00:17:34 around and it forms a flat circle in
00:17:34 --> 00:17:36 amongst this field of growing wheat or
00:17:36 --> 00:17:38 whatever so people say well that's
00:17:38 --> 00:17:40 amazing who could have done this it must
00:17:40 --> 00:17:43 be aliens which a bit of a deep of faith
00:17:43 --> 00:17:44 and these were going on what in the 70s
00:17:44 --> 00:17:47 80s yeah 1980s for a long time there are
00:17:47 --> 00:17:49 supposedly examples from way back where
00:17:49 --> 00:17:51 we which is sort of interesting
00:17:51 --> 00:17:53 basically there's a huge rush of these
00:17:53 --> 00:17:55 things it became very popular to see
00:17:55 --> 00:17:56 these things people would go out and
00:17:56 --> 00:17:58 have a look and the farmers would get
00:17:58 --> 00:18:00 upset as all these tourists and
00:18:00 --> 00:18:01 paranormal Hunters were trampling their
00:18:02 --> 00:18:04 crops you call them serial killers uhhuh
00:18:04 --> 00:18:06 the interesting thing is these fields
00:18:06 --> 00:18:08 often had tractor lines and you can
00:18:08 --> 00:18:10 imagine someone walking down the tractor
00:18:10 --> 00:18:12 line and then doing their circle around
00:18:12 --> 00:18:14 the area so they didn't have a clear
00:18:14 --> 00:18:16 exit and entrance part that they made
00:18:16 --> 00:18:17 themselves these things happen a lot but
00:18:17 --> 00:18:18 then they started getting more
00:18:18 --> 00:18:20 complicated and not just circles but
00:18:20 --> 00:18:22 suddenly they're getting sort of Matrix
00:18:22 --> 00:18:23 sort of patterns Mandela sort of
00:18:23 --> 00:18:26 patterns or even the chaos theory mandle
00:18:26 --> 00:18:28 brought sets and all those sort of
00:18:28 --> 00:18:29 things so something came in a few years
00:18:29 --> 00:18:32 from circles plain ordinary circles to
00:18:32 --> 00:18:34 these most intricate shapes and now two
00:18:34 --> 00:18:36 guys from the wheelchair area which is
00:18:36 --> 00:18:39 in the west of England around near a lot
00:18:39 --> 00:18:41 of the Old Stone circles and that a BRI
00:18:41 --> 00:18:43 is not far away a is a a favorite place
00:18:43 --> 00:18:44 of mine I've been there a number of
00:18:44 --> 00:18:46 times Stonehenge those sort of places
00:18:46 --> 00:18:48 are in the area so there's already a lot
00:18:48 --> 00:18:50 of interesting paranormal claims about
00:18:50 --> 00:18:52 the area these two guys said that yeah
00:18:52 --> 00:18:54 we at a pub we decided to do it for a
00:18:54 --> 00:18:56 lck and it's not that hard to do you go
00:18:56 --> 00:18:59 into a crop you stick down at a a bit of
00:18:59 --> 00:19:02 wood a a rod of some sort a Bo a board
00:19:02 --> 00:19:04 and then you you get a board another
00:19:04 --> 00:19:06 board get a rope and you walk around it
00:19:06 --> 00:19:08 right just knocking over these stalks
00:19:08 --> 00:19:09 they don't have to be broken necessarily
00:19:09 --> 00:19:10 and that's one of the big things they
00:19:10 --> 00:19:12 said all these weren't broken therefore
00:19:12 --> 00:19:13 couldn't be done by a human well they
00:19:13 --> 00:19:15 were and the later ones they got more
00:19:15 --> 00:19:17 and more complicated you figure out it's
00:19:17 --> 00:19:19 it's naughty students or something at a
00:19:19 --> 00:19:21 place with a GPS system and they work
00:19:21 --> 00:19:23 out a design they want to do and they do
00:19:23 --> 00:19:25 it using a GPS and they're so
00:19:25 --> 00:19:27 complicated you think why would a UFO
00:19:27 --> 00:19:30 and alien want to create such intricate
00:19:30 --> 00:19:31 patterns and they they're beautiful but
00:19:31 --> 00:19:33 they look lovely they're quite clever
00:19:33 --> 00:19:34 things to do you get up close and
00:19:34 --> 00:19:35 they're not quite as neat as they look
00:19:35 --> 00:19:37 from the air and these things you have
00:19:37 --> 00:19:38 to see them from the air really so these
00:19:38 --> 00:19:40 days you get your drone out you have a
00:19:40 --> 00:19:41 look at them from the air so you're not
00:19:41 --> 00:19:42 quite as interfering with a farmer
00:19:42 --> 00:19:44 farmers's CAU onto this and they started
00:19:44 --> 00:19:45 charging people to go have a look at
00:19:45 --> 00:19:47 them to walk through until they then
00:19:47 --> 00:19:48 decided to actually Harvest their crop
00:19:49 --> 00:19:50 and wiping out the circles one of the
00:19:50 --> 00:19:52 interesting things is there was a case
00:19:52 --> 00:19:54 of a crop circle always mainly in
00:19:54 --> 00:19:55 England mainly in this part of England s
00:19:55 --> 00:19:57 but not always there have supposedly
00:19:57 --> 00:19:58 been crop circles in other places
00:19:58 --> 00:20:00 including Australia and Europe the US
00:20:00 --> 00:20:02 Etc but that the trend started in
00:20:02 --> 00:20:04 England that one of these crop circles
00:20:04 --> 00:20:05 had a message C you that was saying we
00:20:06 --> 00:20:09 are not alone and as a UFO researcher
00:20:09 --> 00:20:10 pointed out quite clearly if it was done
00:20:10 --> 00:20:13 by a UFO it would surely say You are not
00:20:13 --> 00:20:15 alone not we we is is is the message
00:20:15 --> 00:20:17 from the people who created the circle
00:20:17 --> 00:20:19 so it's a slight logical problem there
00:20:19 --> 00:20:21 there are supposedly examples from
00:20:21 --> 00:20:23 history way back showing these circles
00:20:23 --> 00:20:27 Etc not a lot there's one car etching
00:20:27 --> 00:20:29 lithograph something like that of devil
00:20:29 --> 00:20:31 supposedly making a circle by reaping
00:20:31 --> 00:20:33 the wheat or whatever it is whichever
00:20:33 --> 00:20:34 particular crop it is it looks like a
00:20:35 --> 00:20:37 circle it could be a devil reaping props
00:20:37 --> 00:20:38 of course but it does look like a circle
00:20:38 --> 00:20:41 I think it is a circle actually alien
00:20:41 --> 00:20:43 UFO type thing then the link with aliens
00:20:43 --> 00:20:46 and UFOs is sort of cropped up pretty
00:20:46 --> 00:20:49 quickly yeah hardwired but isn't it it
00:20:49 --> 00:20:50 is it pretty much you see a strange
00:20:51 --> 00:20:52 thing therefore people say strange
00:20:52 --> 00:20:54 things can't explain it must be aliens
00:20:54 --> 00:20:56 but they're not really paranormal and
00:20:56 --> 00:20:58 these guys who owned up to it were said
00:20:58 --> 00:21:00 ah yeah but they're just claiming it
00:21:00 --> 00:21:01 they're not they didn't really do it
00:21:01 --> 00:21:02 well they showed how it was done it's
00:21:02 --> 00:21:04 pretty straightforward explanation is a
00:21:04 --> 00:21:05 lot simpler than you do when you get the
00:21:05 --> 00:21:07 complicated ones if gets a bit more
00:21:07 --> 00:21:11 involved little me is how easily people
00:21:11 --> 00:21:13 are fooled by these sort of things yeah
00:21:13 --> 00:21:15 it's it's also it's it's religious
00:21:15 --> 00:21:17 leanings that you know they want to
00:21:17 --> 00:21:20 believe if you know your your exfil MOS
00:21:20 --> 00:21:21 I want to believe is what they do
00:21:22 --> 00:21:23 there's a story on this website that I
00:21:23 --> 00:21:25 often refer to called higgy pop which is
00:21:25 --> 00:21:27 a bit of a paranormal pop culture thing
00:21:27 --> 00:21:28 and this fellow described that trip he
00:21:28 --> 00:21:31 made out to see from crop circles and he
00:21:31 --> 00:21:33 said they went from a crop circle Museum
00:21:33 --> 00:21:34 they said there's the one that's just
00:21:34 --> 00:21:35 appeared but you got to get him at the
00:21:35 --> 00:21:37 right time otherwise the farmers wiped
00:21:37 --> 00:21:38 them out so you probably only got a
00:21:38 --> 00:21:39 matter of days or something to go see
00:21:39 --> 00:21:41 one of these things and he and his
00:21:41 --> 00:21:42 partner went down and have a look at
00:21:42 --> 00:21:44 this wandered through the crop circle
00:21:44 --> 00:21:45 they said it was very nice little bit
00:21:45 --> 00:21:46 Eerie sort of feeling and they came out
00:21:46 --> 00:21:48 to various sort of spaces in this crop
00:21:48 --> 00:21:49 circle and there were people sitting
00:21:49 --> 00:21:51 down there communing with nature Etc
00:21:51 --> 00:21:53 that sort of stuff he said they're all
00:21:53 --> 00:21:54 very friendly he said even though the
00:21:54 --> 00:21:56 circles are fake and he says he said
00:21:56 --> 00:21:57 they're obviously M mate he said the
00:21:58 --> 00:21:59 scen is not this is a nice part of
00:21:59 --> 00:22:00 England you said but the people are
00:22:00 --> 00:22:02 really nice really friendly they're not
00:22:02 --> 00:22:04 antagonistic they're hippie sorts of
00:22:04 --> 00:22:06 people who are going out to these things
00:22:06 --> 00:22:08 it's a fun it's a pretty harmless thing
00:22:08 --> 00:22:09 except when people start sort of making
00:22:09 --> 00:22:11 it into a cult and I don't know if it's
00:22:11 --> 00:22:13 ever gone that far the complex patterns
00:22:13 --> 00:22:15 pretty much right off any theory that it
00:22:15 --> 00:22:17 might be alien extraterrestrial things
00:22:17 --> 00:22:18 because the evolution of these things
00:22:18 --> 00:22:21 from Circle to complicated shapes is so
00:22:21 --> 00:22:22 quick why would an alien rather doing
00:22:22 --> 00:22:24 going from a straight ordinary Circle to
00:22:24 --> 00:22:26 something really complicated very hard
00:22:26 --> 00:22:27 to do well there's nothing like
00:22:27 --> 00:22:29 traveling for 30 or 40 light years just
00:22:29 --> 00:22:32 to Drew circles in the ground and then
00:22:32 --> 00:22:34 go away again they probably got bored
00:22:34 --> 00:22:38 that's Tim mum from Australian
00:22:38 --> 00:22:47 [Music]
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