SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 131
* Ultra High Energy Gamma Rays Detected in the Milky Way's Core
Scientists have detected ultra high energy gamma rays emanating from the centre of the Milky Way. This discovery, reported in the Astrophysical Journal Letters, offers a new perspective on the violent phenomena occurring in the galactic core. Using the High Altitude Water Cherenkov Observatory in Mexico, researchers measured these gamma rays at over 100 tera electron volts, providing insights into the cosmic processes involving Sagittarius A, the galaxy's central supermassive black hole.
* Discovery of a Potential Triple Black Hole System
Astronomers have identified what may be the first triple black hole system, located 8,000 light years away. This discovery could be the first direct evidence of gentle black hole formation, challenging the typical violent supernova origin theory. The system includes a central black hole, a closely orbiting star, and a far-off companion star, suggesting a more subtle formation process known as direct collapse.
* NASA's New Deployable Solar Array System Faces Challenges
NASA has encountered issues with its new deployable solar array and antenna system on the Pathfinder Technology Demonstrator 4 spacecraft. The lightweight integrated solar array and antenna system, designed to enhance power and communication capabilities, is not deploying correctly due to a bent boom. This technology aims to support future deep Space missions with improved efficiency.
The Science Robert
A recent study reveals that standing, as opposed to sitting, does not improve cardiovascular health, despite the popularity of standing desks. Fossilised remains of a new giant elephant species have been found in India's Kashmir Valley, shedding light on elephant evolution. AI-assisted colonoscopies show a slight improvement in polyp detection. Meanwhile, Apple releases its first AI update, focusing on privacy and user data protection.
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00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 this is spacetime series 27 episode 131
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 for broadcast on the 30th of October
00:00:06 --> 00:00:09 2024 coming up on space time record
00:00:09 --> 00:00:11 energy gamma rays detected in the Milky
00:00:11 --> 00:00:14 Ways core discovery of what could be the
00:00:14 --> 00:00:17 first triple black hole system and
00:00:17 --> 00:00:19 problems for NASA as they try to test a
00:00:19 --> 00:00:22 new Deployable solar array system all
00:00:22 --> 00:00:25 that and more coming up on
00:00:25 --> 00:00:28 SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with
00:00:28 --> 00:00:30 steuart Gary
00:00:30 --> 00:00:37 [Music]
00:00:45 --> 00:00:47 scientists have detected ultra high
00:00:47 --> 00:00:49 energy gamma rays being emitted from the
00:00:49 --> 00:00:52 center of our galaxy The Milky Way the
00:00:52 --> 00:00:54 findings reported in the Ester physical
00:00:54 --> 00:00:56 Journal letters are giving astronomers a
00:00:56 --> 00:00:58 new look into a violent mystery in the
00:00:58 --> 00:01:01 galactic core the observations were
00:01:01 --> 00:01:03 achieved using the High Altitude water
00:01:03 --> 00:01:05 sharing HOV or Hawk Observatory located
00:01:05 --> 00:01:08 13 ft above sea level on Mexico
00:01:08 --> 00:01:11 Sierra Negra volcano scientists measured
00:01:11 --> 00:01:12 the strength of the newly discovered
00:01:12 --> 00:01:15 Gamay Source at more than 100 ter
00:01:15 --> 00:01:17 electron volts that's an order of
00:01:17 --> 00:01:20 magnitude higher than ever seen before
00:01:20 --> 00:01:22 the stud's principal investigator Pat
00:01:22 --> 00:01:23 Harding from the US Department of
00:01:23 --> 00:01:25 Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory
00:01:25 --> 00:01:27 says the new research is the first to
00:01:27 --> 00:01:29 confirm the Milky Ways galactic center
00:01:29 --> 00:01:32 to Ridge as an actual Source named a p
00:01:32 --> 00:01:35 vron for these high energy gamma rays
00:01:35 --> 00:01:37 pork Observatory has been Gathering data
00:01:37 --> 00:01:39 for more than 7 years during which time
00:01:39 --> 00:01:41 Harding and colleagues observe nearly
00:01:41 --> 00:01:43 100 Gamay events with energies of more
00:01:43 --> 00:01:46 than 100 ter electron volts the
00:01:46 --> 00:01:47 observations have allowed Cosmic gray
00:01:48 --> 00:01:49 interactions with the p vron to be
00:01:49 --> 00:01:51 directly studied and therefore compared
00:01:51 --> 00:01:53 with other observations helping to pin
00:01:54 --> 00:01:56 down the emission process and location
00:01:56 --> 00:01:59 the actual P vron itself Remains Not
00:01:59 --> 00:02:01 well understood phenomenon but the fact
00:02:01 --> 00:02:03 of its existence in whatever form it
00:02:03 --> 00:02:05 takes points to the violent regime
00:02:05 --> 00:02:07 occurring in the galactic center now of
00:02:07 --> 00:02:09 course this is the same region of the
00:02:09 --> 00:02:12 Milky Way known to contain Sagittarius A
00:02:12 --> 00:02:14 star Galaxy's Central super massive
00:02:14 --> 00:02:15 black hole which is surrounded by
00:02:16 --> 00:02:17 neutron stars and white dwarves which
00:02:18 --> 00:02:20 are stripping material from other nearby
00:02:20 --> 00:02:23 Stars Sagittarius A star itself has
00:02:23 --> 00:02:26 about 4.3 million times the mass of our
00:02:26 --> 00:02:28 sun and it's located some 27 light
00:02:28 --> 00:02:31 years away it's an area shrouded with
00:02:31 --> 00:02:32 dense gas clouds that can reach
00:02:33 --> 00:02:34 temperatures of more than a million
00:02:34 --> 00:02:36 degrees and all this tends to prevent
00:02:36 --> 00:02:39 much direct Optical observation of the
00:02:39 --> 00:02:41 region so the detection of gamma rays is
00:02:41 --> 00:02:43 proving to be crucial for Illuminating
00:02:43 --> 00:02:45 the cosmic process at work in this
00:02:46 --> 00:02:48 extreme environment ultra high energy
00:02:48 --> 00:02:50 gamma rays originate in the presence of
00:02:50 --> 00:02:53 a patron source and that accelerates the
00:02:53 --> 00:02:55 particles to a million billion electron
00:02:55 --> 00:02:57 volts in energy that's a quadrillion
00:02:57 --> 00:02:59 times more powerful than the photons
00:02:59 --> 00:03:01 coming out of your average light bulb
00:03:01 --> 00:03:03 and the cosmic gray photons generated by
00:03:03 --> 00:03:05 the patron are traveling at more than
00:03:05 --> 00:03:08 99% the speed of light interacting with
00:03:08 --> 00:03:10 dense ambient gas which results in the
00:03:10 --> 00:03:13 ultra high energy gamma rays the
00:03:13 --> 00:03:15 energies involved went into some of the
00:03:15 --> 00:03:17 most violent processes conceivable in
00:03:17 --> 00:03:19 the universe we're talking about things
00:03:19 --> 00:03:21 such as the death of stars in Supernova
00:03:21 --> 00:03:23 explosions the shocks and radiation that
00:03:23 --> 00:03:26 accompany Fusion rich starbirth or a
00:03:26 --> 00:03:28 black hole swallowing up another black
00:03:28 --> 00:03:30 hole Hing says that a lot of these
00:03:30 --> 00:03:32 processes are so rare one wouldn't
00:03:32 --> 00:03:34 expect to see them happening within our
00:03:34 --> 00:03:36 galaxy or alternatively they don't occur
00:03:36 --> 00:03:38 on scales that correlate with the size
00:03:38 --> 00:03:40 of our
00:03:40 --> 00:03:43 galaxy Hawk is a unique experiment
00:03:43 --> 00:03:44 designed to capture the relatively few
00:03:44 --> 00:03:46 ultra high energy gamar rays that can
00:03:46 --> 00:03:48 travel Interstellar distances to reach
00:03:48 --> 00:03:51 the Earth it comprises 300 well really
00:03:51 --> 00:03:53 they're grain silos that have been
00:03:53 --> 00:03:55 filled with water and the bottom of each
00:03:55 --> 00:03:57 Silo is lined with photo multiplier
00:03:57 --> 00:03:59 detectors when ultra high energy
00:03:59 --> 00:04:01 particles reach Earth's atmosphere they
00:04:01 --> 00:04:04 break up into extensive air showers or
00:04:04 --> 00:04:07 Cascades of lower energy particles as
00:04:07 --> 00:04:08 the charged particles pass through the
00:04:08 --> 00:04:10 tanks of water at speeds outpacing the
00:04:10 --> 00:04:12 water's phase velocity they produce
00:04:12 --> 00:04:15 sharing COV radiation which gives off a
00:04:15 --> 00:04:17 blue glow it's an effect somewhat
00:04:17 --> 00:04:20 similar to an auditory Sonic Boom the
00:04:20 --> 00:04:21 scientists then analyze the time
00:04:21 --> 00:04:23 distribution of the particles detected
00:04:23 --> 00:04:25 across the tanks in order to understand
00:04:25 --> 00:04:27 the energy regimes involved finding the
00:04:27 --> 00:04:29 origins of the particles as ultra high
00:04:29 --> 00:04:32 energy Gamay the hawk Observatory was
00:04:32 --> 00:04:34 built on the groundbreaking migrow
00:04:34 --> 00:04:36 experiment that's a Gamay Observatory
00:04:36 --> 00:04:38 with a 5 million gallon water Pond and
00:04:38 --> 00:04:40 700 light detectors built just outside
00:04:40 --> 00:04:44 of Los Alamos migro took data through
00:04:44 --> 00:04:46 2008 and then the researchers moov South
00:04:46 --> 00:04:48 to the hawk Observatory to be able to
00:04:48 --> 00:04:50 capture particles closer to the galactic
00:04:50 --> 00:04:52 center the researchers now plan to
00:04:52 --> 00:04:54 extend the hawk observatory's findings
00:04:54 --> 00:04:56 narrowing down the specific side of the
00:04:56 --> 00:04:58 pay vron source with a new piece of
00:04:58 --> 00:05:00 equipment the southern wide field Gamay
00:05:00 --> 00:05:02 Observatory that's a facility being
00:05:02 --> 00:05:04 built in the atakama high deserts of
00:05:04 --> 00:05:07 Chile with that wider window of view to
00:05:07 --> 00:05:09 the center of the Milky Way scientists
00:05:09 --> 00:05:11 may eventually come close to viewing the
00:05:12 --> 00:05:14 mystery at the very heart of our Milky
00:05:14 --> 00:05:19 Way galaxy this SpaceTime still to come
00:05:19 --> 00:05:20 discovery of the first triple black hole
00:05:20 --> 00:05:22 system and problems for NASA's new
00:05:22 --> 00:05:25 Deployable solar array demonstration
00:05:25 --> 00:05:27 flight all that and more still to come
00:05:27 --> 00:05:30 on SpaceTime
00:05:30 --> 00:05:44 [Music]
00:05:44 --> 00:05:46 astronomers have discovered what may be
00:05:46 --> 00:05:49 the first triple black hole system the
00:05:49 --> 00:05:50 newly discovered system located some
00:05:50 --> 00:05:53 8 light years away may be the first
00:05:53 --> 00:05:55 direct evidence of what astronomers
00:05:55 --> 00:05:58 refer to as gentle black hole formation
00:05:58 --> 00:06:00 many solar mass black holes detected so
00:06:00 --> 00:06:03 far appear to be binary systems made up
00:06:03 --> 00:06:05 of two black holes or a black hole and
00:06:05 --> 00:06:08 another star circling each other these
00:06:08 --> 00:06:10 spiral around each other Drawn Together
00:06:10 --> 00:06:12 by the black hole's intense gravity to
00:06:12 --> 00:06:15 form a tight orbital pair but now a
00:06:15 --> 00:06:17 surprising discovery is expanding the
00:06:17 --> 00:06:19 picture of black holes the objects they
00:06:19 --> 00:06:22 can host and the way they form the new
00:06:22 --> 00:06:24 findings reported in the journal Nature
00:06:24 --> 00:06:25 involve what could be a black hole
00:06:25 --> 00:06:28 triple system the first ever such
00:06:28 --> 00:06:30 Discovery now this new system consist of
00:06:30 --> 00:06:32 a central Stellar Mass black hole in the
00:06:32 --> 00:06:34 act of consuming what could be a small
00:06:34 --> 00:06:36 star that's spiraling very close to the
00:06:36 --> 00:06:39 black hole roughly every 6.5 Earth days
00:06:40 --> 00:06:41 now that's a configuration similar to
00:06:41 --> 00:06:44 most binary systems but surprisingly a
00:06:45 --> 00:06:46 second star appears to be circling the
00:06:46 --> 00:06:48 black hole although at a much greater
00:06:48 --> 00:06:50 distance the study's authors estimate
00:06:50 --> 00:06:52 the fire of companions orbiting the
00:06:52 --> 00:06:55 black hole every 70 Earth years
00:06:55 --> 00:06:57 observation suggesting that the primary
00:06:57 --> 00:06:59 black hole seems to have a gravitational
00:06:59 --> 00:07:01 hole on logic so far away is Raising
00:07:01 --> 00:07:03 questions about the origins of the black
00:07:03 --> 00:07:06 hole itself see still aass black holes
00:07:06 --> 00:07:08 are thought to have formed through the
00:07:08 --> 00:07:10 violent explosion of a Dying star in a
00:07:10 --> 00:07:12 process known as a core collapse
00:07:12 --> 00:07:14 Supernova during this process the star
00:07:15 --> 00:07:16 releases huge amounts of energy and
00:07:16 --> 00:07:19 light in a final burst before suddenly
00:07:19 --> 00:07:22 collapsing into an invisible black hole
00:07:22 --> 00:07:23 this team's Discovery however suggest
00:07:24 --> 00:07:25 that if the newly observed black hole
00:07:25 --> 00:07:27 resulted from the typical Supernova
00:07:27 --> 00:07:29 event the energy it would have released
00:07:29 --> 00:07:30 before before it collapsed would have
00:07:30 --> 00:07:33 kicked away any Loosely bound objects on
00:07:33 --> 00:07:36 its outskirts so the second outer star
00:07:36 --> 00:07:39 shouldn't be hanging around now we've
00:07:39 --> 00:07:42 seen examples of this before where a
00:07:42 --> 00:07:44 star about to go supernova suddenly
00:07:44 --> 00:07:47 simply disappears and it's disappeared
00:07:47 --> 00:07:49 because instead of exploding as a
00:07:49 --> 00:07:51 supernova it's collapsed directly into
00:07:51 --> 00:07:54 itself forming a black hole and that's
00:07:54 --> 00:07:55 what scientists believe may have
00:07:55 --> 00:07:57 happened with this black hole in this
00:07:57 --> 00:08:00 three-part system the blood black hole
00:08:00 --> 00:08:02 formed through a more gentle process of
00:08:02 --> 00:08:04 direct collapse in which the star simply
00:08:04 --> 00:08:06 caves in on itself forming a black hole
00:08:06 --> 00:08:09 without the dramatic last minute flash
00:08:09 --> 00:08:11 such a gentle origin wouldn't disturb
00:08:11 --> 00:08:14 any Loosely bound far away objects
00:08:14 --> 00:08:16 because the new triple system includes a
00:08:16 --> 00:08:17 very far off star it suggests the
00:08:17 --> 00:08:19 system's primary black hole was born
00:08:19 --> 00:08:22 through this gentler direct collapse the
00:08:22 --> 00:08:24 discovery of this triple black hole
00:08:24 --> 00:08:26 systems come almost by Chance the
00:08:26 --> 00:08:28 authors had been looking within the
00:08:28 --> 00:08:30 Milky Way galaxy for signs of new black
00:08:30 --> 00:08:33 holes out of curiosity they reviewed an
00:08:33 --> 00:08:36 image of V 404 signy that's a black hole
00:08:36 --> 00:08:38 about 8 light years away that was
00:08:38 --> 00:08:40 one of the very first objects ever
00:08:40 --> 00:08:42 confirmed to be a stellar Mass black
00:08:42 --> 00:08:43 hole that was back in
00:08:43 --> 00:08:47 1992 since then v44 signy has become one
00:08:47 --> 00:08:48 of the most well studied black holes in
00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 astronomy it's been documented in over
00:08:51 --> 00:08:54 1300 scientific papers however as this
00:08:54 --> 00:08:57 team studied images of v404 signy they
00:08:57 --> 00:08:59 noticed what appear to be two blobs of
00:08:59 --> 00:09:01 light surprisingly close to each other
00:09:01 --> 00:09:03 now the first blob was what others had
00:09:03 --> 00:09:05 already determined to be the black hole
00:09:05 --> 00:09:07 and an inner closely orbiting star the
00:09:08 --> 00:09:10 star is so close that it's shedding some
00:09:10 --> 00:09:11 of its material onto the black hole
00:09:11 --> 00:09:14 giving off light the second blob of
00:09:14 --> 00:09:15 light however was something scientists
00:09:15 --> 00:09:18 didn't investigate closely until now and
00:09:18 --> 00:09:20 that second light is most likely coming
00:09:20 --> 00:09:23 from a far off star one of the studies
00:09:23 --> 00:09:25 authors Kevin barriage says the fact
00:09:25 --> 00:09:27 that we can see these two separate Stars
00:09:27 --> 00:09:29 over such a great distance actually
00:09:29 --> 00:09:30 means that the stars have got to be
00:09:30 --> 00:09:33 fairly far apart he calculated that this
00:09:33 --> 00:09:35 newly discovered outer star was around
00:09:35 --> 00:09:38 3 astronomical units away from the
00:09:38 --> 00:09:41 black hole now astronomical unit is the
00:09:41 --> 00:09:42 average distance between the Earth and
00:09:42 --> 00:09:46 the Sun about 150 million kilm or 8.3
00:09:46 --> 00:09:48 light minutes so in other words this
00:09:48 --> 00:09:50 outer star would be around 100 times
00:09:50 --> 00:09:52 further away from the primary black hole
00:09:52 --> 00:09:55 than what Pluto is from the Sun and of
00:09:55 --> 00:09:56 course that raises another question
00:09:57 --> 00:09:58 whether or not this outer star was
00:09:58 --> 00:10:00 actually linked to the black hole in the
00:10:00 --> 00:10:02 inner star to find out the authors
00:10:02 --> 00:10:04 examined data from the European space
00:10:04 --> 00:10:06 agency's guia spacecraft which tracks
00:10:06 --> 00:10:08 the motion of stars as they orbit the
00:10:08 --> 00:10:10 Galaxy they then analyze the Motions of
00:10:10 --> 00:10:12 the inner and outer Stars over the last
00:10:12 --> 00:10:15 10 years of guia data and they found
00:10:15 --> 00:10:17 that these two stars moved exactly in
00:10:17 --> 00:10:19 tandem compared to other neighboring
00:10:19 --> 00:10:21 stars that means they're most likely in
00:10:21 --> 00:10:24 the same system so how exactly could
00:10:24 --> 00:10:26 this system have formed well if the
00:10:26 --> 00:10:28 black hole arose from a typical
00:10:28 --> 00:10:30 Supernova the violent explosion would
00:10:30 --> 00:10:33 have kicked away the outer star long ago
00:10:33 --> 00:10:34 however simulation showed that the
00:10:34 --> 00:10:36 easiest way to make the triple system
00:10:36 --> 00:10:39 work was through a direct collapse in
00:10:39 --> 00:10:40 addition to giving clues about the black
00:10:40 --> 00:10:42 hole's origins The arst Stars also
00:10:42 --> 00:10:45 revealed the system's age that's because
00:10:45 --> 00:10:46 the star happens to be in the process of
00:10:46 --> 00:10:48 becoming a red giant that's a phase that
00:10:48 --> 00:10:51 occurs at the end of a star's life now
00:10:51 --> 00:10:53 based on this Stellar transition the
00:10:53 --> 00:10:54 author determined that the arter star is
00:10:54 --> 00:10:57 about 4 billion years old now given that
00:10:57 --> 00:10:59 neighboring stars were all born around
00:10:59 --> 00:11:01 at the same time it suggests the entire
00:11:01 --> 00:11:05 system is also 4 billion years old this
00:11:05 --> 00:11:08 is spacetime still to come problems with
00:11:08 --> 00:11:10 the new NASA experimental solar array
00:11:10 --> 00:11:13 system and later in the science report a
00:11:13 --> 00:11:15 new study shows that standing compared
00:11:15 --> 00:11:17 with sitting doesn't improve
00:11:17 --> 00:11:19 cardiovascular health after all all that
00:11:19 --> 00:11:30 and more still to come on SpaceTime
00:11:30 --> 00:11:37 [Music]
00:11:37 --> 00:11:39 NASA has run into problems as it tries
00:11:39 --> 00:11:41 to deploy a new combined solar array and
00:11:41 --> 00:11:43 antenna system aboard its Pathfinder
00:11:43 --> 00:11:46 technology demonstrator for spacecraft
00:11:46 --> 00:11:48 it seems the arrays boom is bent and
00:11:48 --> 00:11:50 therefore not extending properly the 12
00:11:50 --> 00:11:53 kg spacecraft is a 6-unit cube set
00:11:53 --> 00:11:56 demonstration Mission it's designed to
00:11:56 --> 00:11:57 test the new lightweight integrated
00:11:57 --> 00:12:00 solar array and antenna a very high
00:12:00 --> 00:12:02 power low volume Deployable combination
00:12:02 --> 00:12:05 antenna and solar array the four pedal
00:12:05 --> 00:12:07 solar array system or Lisa T is a thin
00:12:08 --> 00:12:10 film solar array that offers low mass
00:12:10 --> 00:12:12 lower stored volume and three times more
00:12:13 --> 00:12:14 power per mass and volume allocation
00:12:15 --> 00:12:17 than current solar arrays the new
00:12:17 --> 00:12:19 technology will eventually enable future
00:12:19 --> 00:12:21 deep space missions to acquire and
00:12:21 --> 00:12:23 communicate data through improved power
00:12:23 --> 00:12:24 generation and Communications
00:12:24 --> 00:12:27 capabilities all on the same integrated
00:12:27 --> 00:12:29 array the spacecraft was launched to Bo
00:12:29 --> 00:12:31 a Falcon 9 rocket from the vanderberg
00:12:31 --> 00:12:33 space force basing California is part of
00:12:33 --> 00:12:36 spacex's Transporter 11 Mission once in
00:12:36 --> 00:12:39 orbit NASA evaluated initial flight data
00:12:39 --> 00:12:41 and imagery confirming the spacecraft
00:12:41 --> 00:12:42 systems including its onboard
00:12:42 --> 00:12:44 electronics and payload support systems
00:12:44 --> 00:12:47 were all operating nominally the
00:12:47 --> 00:12:49 Deployable integrated antenna and solar
00:12:49 --> 00:12:52 array comprises four fordable pedals and
00:12:52 --> 00:12:54 an extendable boom which are all stored
00:12:54 --> 00:12:56 for launch taking up no more space than
00:12:56 --> 00:12:59 a coffee mug once in orbit the spr
00:12:59 --> 00:13:01 loaded boom is released it's designed to
00:13:02 --> 00:13:04 extend at about a meter the four pedals
00:13:04 --> 00:13:06 which are folded and attached to the
00:13:06 --> 00:13:08 boom would then be clear to be released
00:13:08 --> 00:13:11 expanding out to create a 2 m wide array
00:13:11 --> 00:13:14 using shape memory Alloys however on
00:13:14 --> 00:13:15 this test flight it looks like the
00:13:15 --> 00:13:18 central boom has failed to fully extend
00:13:18 --> 00:13:20 that prevents the pedals from unfolding
00:13:20 --> 00:13:22 and generating power or providing
00:13:22 --> 00:13:25 Communications operations John Carr the
00:13:25 --> 00:13:26 deputy chief technologist at Nas's
00:13:26 --> 00:13:28 martial space flight center in
00:13:28 --> 00:13:30 Huntsville Alabama says once the
00:13:30 --> 00:13:32 technolog is proven the new thin film
00:13:32 --> 00:13:34 arrays will vastly improve power
00:13:34 --> 00:13:35 generation and Communications
00:13:35 --> 00:13:41 capabilities for many Mission
00:13:41 --> 00:13:44 applications Lisa T stands for the
00:13:44 --> 00:13:46 lightweight integrated solar aray and
00:13:46 --> 00:13:50 antenna it's a super compact stowable
00:13:50 --> 00:13:52 thin film solar aray that when fully
00:13:52 --> 00:13:54 deployed in space offers both a power
00:13:54 --> 00:13:57 generation and communication capability
00:13:57 --> 00:14:00 for small spacecraft Lisa T provides
00:14:00 --> 00:14:01 significantly more electrical power
00:14:02 --> 00:14:04 generation per unit mass and per unit
00:14:04 --> 00:14:07 volume to enable higher capability Earth
00:14:08 --> 00:14:10 orbiting small spacecraft as well as for
00:14:10 --> 00:14:12 small spacecraft to travel deeper into
00:14:12 --> 00:14:15 space than currently possible L was
00:14:15 --> 00:14:17 developed at NASA's Marshall space
00:14:17 --> 00:14:20 flight center in Huntsville Alabama and
00:14:20 --> 00:14:22 is a flight project with the Pathfinder
00:14:22 --> 00:14:24 technology demonstration program which
00:14:24 --> 00:14:26 is managed out of the ases research
00:14:26 --> 00:14:29 center in Moffet field California
00:14:29 --> 00:14:31 several commercial Partners played a key
00:14:31 --> 00:14:33 role in developing lisaa including
00:14:33 --> 00:14:36 nexolve holding Tran orbital Ascent
00:14:36 --> 00:14:39 solar and microlink devices the
00:14:39 --> 00:14:42 importance of the Lisa technology cannot
00:14:42 --> 00:14:44 be understated small spacecraft are
00:14:44 --> 00:14:46 becoming increasingly important to
00:14:46 --> 00:14:48 NASA's deep space science and
00:14:48 --> 00:14:51 exploration goals the challenge we often
00:14:51 --> 00:14:53 see with small spacecraft is they tend
00:14:53 --> 00:14:56 to have very little mass and volume to
00:14:56 --> 00:14:59 spare if we want to do more with with
00:14:59 --> 00:15:00 these missions and send smaller
00:15:00 --> 00:15:03 spacecraft further into space we need to
00:15:03 --> 00:15:06 provide them with access to more power
00:15:06 --> 00:15:09 without requiring a large amount of mass
00:15:09 --> 00:15:11 and volume but how do you do that when
00:15:11 --> 00:15:14 space and Mass is at a premium Lisa
00:15:15 --> 00:15:17 meets this challenge with its thin film
00:15:17 --> 00:15:20 solar array which offers 300% more power
00:15:20 --> 00:15:21 per mass and volume than current
00:15:21 --> 00:15:24 state-of-the-art thick film Solar Ray
00:15:24 --> 00:15:27 the spacecraft prepares L for deployment
00:15:27 --> 00:15:30 and Begins by fir ing the first burn
00:15:30 --> 00:15:32 mechanism to cut tie down cords and
00:15:33 --> 00:15:36 release the central booms these booms
00:15:36 --> 00:15:38 passively deploy via stored kinetic
00:15:38 --> 00:15:41 energy with this process the solar
00:15:41 --> 00:15:44 arrays are pushed away from Lisa's main
00:15:44 --> 00:15:47 structure giving it room to expand a
00:15:47 --> 00:15:49 second burn mechanism is then activated
00:15:49 --> 00:15:52 to release each of the four solar panels
00:15:52 --> 00:15:54 which are tightly folded at top these
00:15:54 --> 00:15:57 Central booms these panels are then
00:15:57 --> 00:15:59 actively unfolded by a shape memory
00:15:59 --> 00:16:01 alloy that is embedded on the back of
00:16:01 --> 00:16:04 the panels after completely unfolding
00:16:04 --> 00:16:06 the panels lock themselves into place
00:16:06 --> 00:16:08 and maintain their shape and structure
00:16:08 --> 00:16:10 for the duration of the mission that's
00:16:10 --> 00:16:12 John Carr the deputy chief technologist
00:16:12 --> 00:16:14 at NASA's Marshall space flight center
00:16:14 --> 00:16:17 in Huntsville Alabama and this is
00:16:17 --> 00:16:18 spacetime
00:16:18 --> 00:16:33 [Music]
00:16:34 --> 00:16:35 and time now to take another brief look
00:16:35 --> 00:16:36 at some of the other stories making news
00:16:37 --> 00:16:38 in science this week with a science
00:16:38 --> 00:16:41 report a new study has shown that
00:16:41 --> 00:16:43 standing more compared to sitting really
00:16:43 --> 00:16:45 doesn't improve cardiovascular health
00:16:45 --> 00:16:47 after all the findings reported in the
00:16:47 --> 00:16:49 international Journal of epidemiology
00:16:49 --> 00:16:51 come despite the growing popularity of
00:16:51 --> 00:16:54 so-called standing desks in offices
00:16:54 --> 00:16:56 they're used by people looking to offset
00:16:56 --> 00:16:58 the harms of a sedentary lifestyle
00:16:58 --> 00:17:00 caused by spending long day sitting in
00:17:00 --> 00:17:02 front of a computer screen however
00:17:02 --> 00:17:04 scientists at the University of Sydney
00:17:04 --> 00:17:05 have shown that over the long term
00:17:06 --> 00:17:07 standing more compared with sitting
00:17:07 --> 00:17:09 doesn't improve cardiovascular health
00:17:09 --> 00:17:11 such as coronary heart disease stroke or
00:17:11 --> 00:17:13 heart failure and in fact it could
00:17:13 --> 00:17:15 increase the risk of circulatory issues
00:17:15 --> 00:17:17 related to standing such as varicose
00:17:17 --> 00:17:20 veins and deep vein
00:17:20 --> 00:17:23 thrombosis paleontologists have describe
00:17:23 --> 00:17:25 the fossilized skull of an extinct giant
00:17:25 --> 00:17:27 elephant discovered in Northern India's
00:17:27 --> 00:17:30 Kashmir Valley in the year 2000 the new
00:17:30 --> 00:17:32 research reported in the journal
00:17:32 --> 00:17:34 vertebrate paleontology sheds fresh
00:17:34 --> 00:17:36 light on a poorly understood episode of
00:17:36 --> 00:17:39 elephant evolutionary history the skull
00:17:39 --> 00:17:42 was buried with some 87 stone tools used
00:17:42 --> 00:17:45 by prehistoric humans s to say that from
00:17:45 --> 00:17:47 the general shape of the skull the
00:17:47 --> 00:17:49 elephant belonged to pale loxodon a
00:17:49 --> 00:17:51 straight Tusk family of elephants which
00:17:51 --> 00:17:53 are among the largest land mammals that
00:17:53 --> 00:17:55 ever lived fully grown adults could
00:17:55 --> 00:17:57 easily stand around 4 M tall at the
00:17:57 --> 00:18:01 shoulder and weit up to 10 tons Now by
00:18:01 --> 00:18:03 comparison a modern-day Asian elephant
00:18:03 --> 00:18:05 weighs about 6 tons and their African
00:18:05 --> 00:18:08 counterparts about seven however this
00:18:08 --> 00:18:10 Kashmere skull lacks a thick and forward
00:18:10 --> 00:18:12 projecting Crest at the skull roof which
00:18:12 --> 00:18:14 typifies other paleo loxodon skulls
00:18:14 --> 00:18:17 found in India scientists had speculated
00:18:17 --> 00:18:19 that the skull Crest in these extinct
00:18:19 --> 00:18:21 elephants became more prominent with
00:18:21 --> 00:18:23 Developmental and sexual maturity but
00:18:23 --> 00:18:26 from the size the wisdom teeth and a few
00:18:26 --> 00:18:27 other Telltale features of the skull it
00:18:27 --> 00:18:29 was evident that this animal was already
00:18:29 --> 00:18:32 a majestic bu elephant at the prime of
00:18:32 --> 00:18:34 its life so the lack of a well-developed
00:18:34 --> 00:18:36 skull Crest means this must have been a
00:18:36 --> 00:18:38 new and different
00:18:39 --> 00:18:41 species a new study has found that
00:18:41 --> 00:18:42 artificial intelligence assist
00:18:42 --> 00:18:45 colonoscopies increase pop and edema
00:18:45 --> 00:18:47 detection in routine screening the
00:18:47 --> 00:18:49 findings reported in the Journal of the
00:18:49 --> 00:18:51 anals of internal medicine follows a
00:18:51 --> 00:18:53 systematic review of randomized clinical
00:18:53 --> 00:18:55 trials comparing AI assisted
00:18:55 --> 00:18:57 colonoscopies and conventional
00:18:57 --> 00:18:59 examinations they found found that AI
00:18:59 --> 00:19:01 assister colonoscopies found more
00:19:01 --> 00:19:03 pull-ups and precancerous growths in the
00:19:03 --> 00:19:05 colon than conventional
00:19:05 --> 00:19:07 examinations however the difference was
00:19:07 --> 00:19:09 only marginal no better than the
00:19:09 --> 00:19:11 conventional method of finding serious
00:19:11 --> 00:19:13 growths per
00:19:13 --> 00:19:15 colonoscopy Apple have release their
00:19:15 --> 00:19:17 first artificial intelligence update
00:19:17 --> 00:19:19 with the details we're joined by
00:19:19 --> 00:19:21 technology editor Alex Sahara Roy from
00:19:21 --> 00:19:24 Tech advice. life it will be arriving on
00:19:25 --> 00:19:27 iPhones iPads and Mac this will
00:19:27 --> 00:19:29 introduce the first tranch of Apple's
00:19:29 --> 00:19:31 intelligence update this is the first
00:19:31 --> 00:19:33 set of their features the personal
00:19:33 --> 00:19:35 intelligence system protecting your data
00:19:35 --> 00:19:37 privacy and AI Apple has been very
00:19:37 --> 00:19:39 strong on privacy and they'd like to
00:19:39 --> 00:19:41 ensure that people think that they're
00:19:41 --> 00:19:42 going to be just as careful with your
00:19:42 --> 00:19:45 data in a world of AI compared with open
00:19:45 --> 00:19:48 AI or Google or Facebook where privacy
00:19:48 --> 00:19:49 is something they feel they have access
00:19:49 --> 00:19:51 to your data and they can sell it so
00:19:51 --> 00:19:52 we're yet to see if that strategy is
00:19:52 --> 00:19:54 going to work for apple as it has in the
00:19:54 --> 00:19:57 past I know that there'll be 18.2 the
00:19:57 --> 00:19:59 next update the next version of Apple's
00:19:59 --> 00:20:01 intelligence that will come in December
00:20:01 --> 00:20:03 and then we will see the image
00:20:03 --> 00:20:05 playground you'll be able to create
00:20:05 --> 00:20:07 images just by typing in text or
00:20:07 --> 00:20:09 removing people by drawing a circle
00:20:09 --> 00:20:10 around items that you don't want on a
00:20:10 --> 00:20:12 page which just copying things we've
00:20:12 --> 00:20:14 seen from Samsung and Google for some
00:20:14 --> 00:20:16 time so Apple's planes can catch up
00:20:16 --> 00:20:17 there's no question that they're behind
00:20:17 --> 00:20:20 the times Tim Cook the CEO of Apple did
00:20:20 --> 00:20:22 a big interview in the last week where
00:20:22 --> 00:20:24 he acknowledge that Apple can be late
00:20:24 --> 00:20:25 sometimes but they like to think that
00:20:25 --> 00:20:28 they get it right and do it in the most
00:20:28 --> 00:20:31 private and secure way so the AI Wars uh
00:20:31 --> 00:20:34 have barely just begun 2025 will'll see
00:20:34 --> 00:20:37 a huge battle for the hearts Minds
00:20:37 --> 00:20:40 wallets and usage of everyday people
00:20:40 --> 00:20:43 around the world wanting benefit from AI
00:20:43 --> 00:20:46 That's Alex Sahara Roy from take advice.
00:20:46 --> 00:20:48 life
00:20:48 --> 00:20:57 [Music]
00:21:02 --> 00:21:05 and that's the show for now SpaceTime is
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