00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 this is spacetime series 27 episode 131
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 for broadcast on the 30th of October
00:00:06 --> 00:00:09 2024 coming up on space time record
00:00:09 --> 00:00:11 energy gamma rays detected in the Milky
00:00:11 --> 00:00:14 Ways core discovery of what could be the
00:00:14 --> 00:00:17 first triple black hole system and
00:00:17 --> 00:00:19 problems for NASA as they try to test a
00:00:19 --> 00:00:22 new Deployable solar array system all
00:00:22 --> 00:00:25 that and more coming up on
00:00:25 --> 00:00:28 SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with
00:00:28 --> 00:00:30 steuart Gary
00:00:30 --> 00:00:37 [Music]
00:00:45 --> 00:00:47 scientists have detected ultra high
00:00:47 --> 00:00:49 energy gamma rays being emitted from the
00:00:49 --> 00:00:52 center of our galaxy The Milky Way the
00:00:52 --> 00:00:54 findings reported in the Ester physical
00:00:54 --> 00:00:56 Journal letters are giving astronomers a
00:00:56 --> 00:00:58 new look into a violent mystery in the
00:00:58 --> 00:01:01 galactic core the observations were
00:01:01 --> 00:01:03 achieved using the High Altitude water
00:01:03 --> 00:01:05 sharing HOV or Hawk Observatory located
00:01:05 --> 00:01:08 13 ft above sea level on Mexico
00:01:08 --> 00:01:11 Sierra Negra volcano scientists measured
00:01:11 --> 00:01:12 the strength of the newly discovered
00:01:12 --> 00:01:15 Gamay Source at more than 100 ter
00:01:15 --> 00:01:17 electron volts that's an order of
00:01:17 --> 00:01:20 magnitude higher than ever seen before
00:01:20 --> 00:01:22 the stud's principal investigator Pat
00:01:22 --> 00:01:23 Harding from the US Department of
00:01:23 --> 00:01:25 Energy's Los Alamos National Laboratory
00:01:25 --> 00:01:27 says the new research is the first to
00:01:27 --> 00:01:29 confirm the Milky Ways galactic center
00:01:29 --> 00:01:32 to Ridge as an actual Source named a p
00:01:32 --> 00:01:35 vron for these high energy gamma rays
00:01:35 --> 00:01:37 pork Observatory has been Gathering data
00:01:37 --> 00:01:39 for more than 7 years during which time
00:01:39 --> 00:01:41 Harding and colleagues observe nearly
00:01:41 --> 00:01:43 100 Gamay events with energies of more
00:01:43 --> 00:01:46 than 100 ter electron volts the
00:01:46 --> 00:01:47 observations have allowed Cosmic gray
00:01:48 --> 00:01:49 interactions with the p vron to be
00:01:49 --> 00:01:51 directly studied and therefore compared
00:01:51 --> 00:01:53 with other observations helping to pin
00:01:54 --> 00:01:56 down the emission process and location
00:01:56 --> 00:01:59 the actual P vron itself Remains Not
00:01:59 --> 00:02:01 well understood phenomenon but the fact
00:02:01 --> 00:02:03 of its existence in whatever form it
00:02:03 --> 00:02:05 takes points to the violent regime
00:02:05 --> 00:02:07 occurring in the galactic center now of
00:02:07 --> 00:02:09 course this is the same region of the
00:02:09 --> 00:02:12 Milky Way known to contain Sagittarius A
00:02:12 --> 00:02:14 star Galaxy's Central super massive
00:02:14 --> 00:02:15 black hole which is surrounded by
00:02:16 --> 00:02:17 neutron stars and white dwarves which
00:02:18 --> 00:02:20 are stripping material from other nearby
00:02:20 --> 00:02:23 Stars Sagittarius A star itself has
00:02:23 --> 00:02:26 about 4.3 million times the mass of our
00:02:26 --> 00:02:28 sun and it's located some 27 light
00:02:28 --> 00:02:31 years away it's an area shrouded with
00:02:31 --> 00:02:32 dense gas clouds that can reach
00:02:33 --> 00:02:34 temperatures of more than a million
00:02:34 --> 00:02:36 degrees and all this tends to prevent
00:02:36 --> 00:02:39 much direct Optical observation of the
00:02:39 --> 00:02:41 region so the detection of gamma rays is
00:02:41 --> 00:02:43 proving to be crucial for Illuminating
00:02:43 --> 00:02:45 the cosmic process at work in this
00:02:46 --> 00:02:48 extreme environment ultra high energy
00:02:48 --> 00:02:50 gamma rays originate in the presence of
00:02:50 --> 00:02:53 a patron source and that accelerates the
00:02:53 --> 00:02:55 particles to a million billion electron
00:02:55 --> 00:02:57 volts in energy that's a quadrillion
00:02:57 --> 00:02:59 times more powerful than the photons
00:02:59 --> 00:03:01 coming out of your average light bulb
00:03:01 --> 00:03:03 and the cosmic gray photons generated by
00:03:03 --> 00:03:05 the patron are traveling at more than
00:03:05 --> 00:03:08 99% the speed of light interacting with
00:03:08 --> 00:03:10 dense ambient gas which results in the
00:03:10 --> 00:03:13 ultra high energy gamma rays the
00:03:13 --> 00:03:15 energies involved went into some of the
00:03:15 --> 00:03:17 most violent processes conceivable in
00:03:17 --> 00:03:19 the universe we're talking about things
00:03:19 --> 00:03:21 such as the death of stars in Supernova
00:03:21 --> 00:03:23 explosions the shocks and radiation that
00:03:23 --> 00:03:26 accompany Fusion rich starbirth or a
00:03:26 --> 00:03:28 black hole swallowing up another black
00:03:28 --> 00:03:30 hole Hing says that a lot of these
00:03:30 --> 00:03:32 processes are so rare one wouldn't
00:03:32 --> 00:03:34 expect to see them happening within our
00:03:34 --> 00:03:36 galaxy or alternatively they don't occur
00:03:36 --> 00:03:38 on scales that correlate with the size
00:03:38 --> 00:03:40 of our
00:03:40 --> 00:03:43 galaxy Hawk is a unique experiment
00:03:43 --> 00:03:44 designed to capture the relatively few
00:03:44 --> 00:03:46 ultra high energy gamar rays that can
00:03:46 --> 00:03:48 travel Interstellar distances to reach
00:03:48 --> 00:03:51 the Earth it comprises 300 well really
00:03:51 --> 00:03:53 they're grain silos that have been
00:03:53 --> 00:03:55 filled with water and the bottom of each
00:03:55 --> 00:03:57 Silo is lined with photo multiplier
00:03:57 --> 00:03:59 detectors when ultra high energy
00:03:59 --> 00:04:01 particles reach Earth's atmosphere they
00:04:01 --> 00:04:04 break up into extensive air showers or
00:04:04 --> 00:04:07 Cascades of lower energy particles as
00:04:07 --> 00:04:08 the charged particles pass through the
00:04:08 --> 00:04:10 tanks of water at speeds outpacing the
00:04:10 --> 00:04:12 water's phase velocity they produce
00:04:12 --> 00:04:15 sharing COV radiation which gives off a
00:04:15 --> 00:04:17 blue glow it's an effect somewhat
00:04:17 --> 00:04:20 similar to an auditory Sonic Boom the
00:04:20 --> 00:04:21 scientists then analyze the time
00:04:21 --> 00:04:23 distribution of the particles detected
00:04:23 --> 00:04:25 across the tanks in order to understand
00:04:25 --> 00:04:27 the energy regimes involved finding the
00:04:27 --> 00:04:29 origins of the particles as ultra high
00:04:29 --> 00:04:32 energy Gamay the hawk Observatory was
00:04:32 --> 00:04:34 built on the groundbreaking migrow
00:04:34 --> 00:04:36 experiment that's a Gamay Observatory
00:04:36 --> 00:04:38 with a 5 million gallon water Pond and
00:04:38 --> 00:04:40 700 light detectors built just outside
00:04:40 --> 00:04:44 of Los Alamos migro took data through
00:04:44 --> 00:04:46 2008 and then the researchers moov South
00:04:46 --> 00:04:48 to the hawk Observatory to be able to
00:04:48 --> 00:04:50 capture particles closer to the galactic
00:04:50 --> 00:04:52 center the researchers now plan to
00:04:52 --> 00:04:54 extend the hawk observatory's findings
00:04:54 --> 00:04:56 narrowing down the specific side of the
00:04:56 --> 00:04:58 pay vron source with a new piece of
00:04:58 --> 00:05:00 equipment the southern wide field Gamay
00:05:00 --> 00:05:02 Observatory that's a facility being
00:05:02 --> 00:05:04 built in the atakama high deserts of
00:05:04 --> 00:05:07 Chile with that wider window of view to
00:05:07 --> 00:05:09 the center of the Milky Way scientists
00:05:09 --> 00:05:11 may eventually come close to viewing the
00:05:12 --> 00:05:14 mystery at the very heart of our Milky
00:05:14 --> 00:05:19 Way galaxy this SpaceTime still to come
00:05:19 --> 00:05:20 discovery of the first triple black hole
00:05:20 --> 00:05:22 system and problems for NASA's new
00:05:22 --> 00:05:25 Deployable solar array demonstration
00:05:25 --> 00:05:27 flight all that and more still to come
00:05:27 --> 00:05:30 on SpaceTime
00:05:30 --> 00:05:44 [Music]
00:05:44 --> 00:05:46 astronomers have discovered what may be
00:05:46 --> 00:05:49 the first triple black hole system the
00:05:49 --> 00:05:50 newly discovered system located some
00:05:50 --> 00:05:53 8 light years away may be the first
00:05:53 --> 00:05:55 direct evidence of what astronomers
00:05:55 --> 00:05:58 refer to as gentle black hole formation
00:05:58 --> 00:06:00 many solar mass black holes detected so
00:06:00 --> 00:06:03 far appear to be binary systems made up
00:06:03 --> 00:06:05 of two black holes or a black hole and
00:06:05 --> 00:06:08 another star circling each other these
00:06:08 --> 00:06:10 spiral around each other Drawn Together
00:06:10 --> 00:06:12 by the black hole's intense gravity to
00:06:12 --> 00:06:15 form a tight orbital pair but now a
00:06:15 --> 00:06:17 surprising discovery is expanding the
00:06:17 --> 00:06:19 picture of black holes the objects they
00:06:19 --> 00:06:22 can host and the way they form the new
00:06:22 --> 00:06:24 findings reported in the journal Nature
00:06:24 --> 00:06:25 involve what could be a black hole
00:06:25 --> 00:06:28 triple system the first ever such
00:06:28 --> 00:06:30 Discovery now this new system consist of
00:06:30 --> 00:06:32 a central Stellar Mass black hole in the
00:06:32 --> 00:06:34 act of consuming what could be a small
00:06:34 --> 00:06:36 star that's spiraling very close to the
00:06:36 --> 00:06:39 black hole roughly every 6.5 Earth days
00:06:40 --> 00:06:41 now that's a configuration similar to
00:06:41 --> 00:06:44 most binary systems but surprisingly a
00:06:45 --> 00:06:46 second star appears to be circling the
00:06:46 --> 00:06:48 black hole although at a much greater
00:06:48 --> 00:06:50 distance the study's authors estimate
00:06:50 --> 00:06:52 the fire of companions orbiting the
00:06:52 --> 00:06:55 black hole every 70 Earth years
00:06:55 --> 00:06:57 observation suggesting that the primary
00:06:57 --> 00:06:59 black hole seems to have a gravitational
00:06:59 --> 00:07:01 hole on logic so far away is Raising
00:07:01 --> 00:07:03 questions about the origins of the black
00:07:03 --> 00:07:06 hole itself see still aass black holes
00:07:06 --> 00:07:08 are thought to have formed through the
00:07:08 --> 00:07:10 violent explosion of a Dying star in a
00:07:10 --> 00:07:12 process known as a core collapse
00:07:12 --> 00:07:14 Supernova during this process the star
00:07:15 --> 00:07:16 releases huge amounts of energy and
00:07:16 --> 00:07:19 light in a final burst before suddenly
00:07:19 --> 00:07:22 collapsing into an invisible black hole
00:07:22 --> 00:07:23 this team's Discovery however suggest
00:07:24 --> 00:07:25 that if the newly observed black hole
00:07:25 --> 00:07:27 resulted from the typical Supernova
00:07:27 --> 00:07:29 event the energy it would have released
00:07:29 --> 00:07:30 before before it collapsed would have
00:07:30 --> 00:07:33 kicked away any Loosely bound objects on
00:07:33 --> 00:07:36 its outskirts so the second outer star
00:07:36 --> 00:07:39 shouldn't be hanging around now we've
00:07:39 --> 00:07:42 seen examples of this before where a
00:07:42 --> 00:07:44 star about to go supernova suddenly
00:07:44 --> 00:07:47 simply disappears and it's disappeared
00:07:47 --> 00:07:49 because instead of exploding as a
00:07:49 --> 00:07:51 supernova it's collapsed directly into
00:07:51 --> 00:07:54 itself forming a black hole and that's
00:07:54 --> 00:07:55 what scientists believe may have
00:07:55 --> 00:07:57 happened with this black hole in this
00:07:57 --> 00:08:00 three-part system the blood black hole
00:08:00 --> 00:08:02 formed through a more gentle process of
00:08:02 --> 00:08:04 direct collapse in which the star simply
00:08:04 --> 00:08:06 caves in on itself forming a black hole
00:08:06 --> 00:08:09 without the dramatic last minute flash
00:08:09 --> 00:08:11 such a gentle origin wouldn't disturb
00:08:11 --> 00:08:14 any Loosely bound far away objects
00:08:14 --> 00:08:16 because the new triple system includes a
00:08:16 --> 00:08:17 very far off star it suggests the
00:08:17 --> 00:08:19 system's primary black hole was born
00:08:19 --> 00:08:22 through this gentler direct collapse the
00:08:22 --> 00:08:24 discovery of this triple black hole
00:08:24 --> 00:08:26 systems come almost by Chance the
00:08:26 --> 00:08:28 authors had been looking within the
00:08:28 --> 00:08:30 Milky Way galaxy for signs of new black
00:08:30 --> 00:08:33 holes out of curiosity they reviewed an
00:08:33 --> 00:08:36 image of V 404 signy that's a black hole
00:08:36 --> 00:08:38 about 8 light years away that was
00:08:38 --> 00:08:40 one of the very first objects ever
00:08:40 --> 00:08:42 confirmed to be a stellar Mass black
00:08:42 --> 00:08:43 hole that was back in
00:08:43 --> 00:08:47 1992 since then v44 signy has become one
00:08:47 --> 00:08:48 of the most well studied black holes in
00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 astronomy it's been documented in over
00:08:51 --> 00:08:54 1300 scientific papers however as this
00:08:54 --> 00:08:57 team studied images of v404 signy they
00:08:57 --> 00:08:59 noticed what appear to be two blobs of
00:08:59 --> 00:09:01 light surprisingly close to each other
00:09:01 --> 00:09:03 now the first blob was what others had
00:09:03 --> 00:09:05 already determined to be the black hole
00:09:05 --> 00:09:07 and an inner closely orbiting star the
00:09:08 --> 00:09:10 star is so close that it's shedding some
00:09:10 --> 00:09:11 of its material onto the black hole
00:09:11 --> 00:09:14 giving off light the second blob of
00:09:14 --> 00:09:15 light however was something scientists
00:09:15 --> 00:09:18 didn't investigate closely until now and
00:09:18 --> 00:09:20 that second light is most likely coming
00:09:20 --> 00:09:23 from a far off star one of the studies
00:09:23 --> 00:09:25 authors Kevin barriage says the fact
00:09:25 --> 00:09:27 that we can see these two separate Stars
00:09:27 --> 00:09:29 over such a great distance actually
00:09:29 --> 00:09:30 means that the stars have got to be
00:09:30 --> 00:09:33 fairly far apart he calculated that this
00:09:33 --> 00:09:35 newly discovered outer star was around
00:09:35 --> 00:09:38 3 astronomical units away from the
00:09:38 --> 00:09:41 black hole now astronomical unit is the
00:09:41 --> 00:09:42 average distance between the Earth and
00:09:42 --> 00:09:46 the Sun about 150 million kilm or 8.3
00:09:46 --> 00:09:48 light minutes so in other words this
00:09:48 --> 00:09:50 outer star would be around 100 times
00:09:50 --> 00:09:52 further away from the primary black hole
00:09:52 --> 00:09:55 than what Pluto is from the Sun and of
00:09:55 --> 00:09:56 course that raises another question
00:09:57 --> 00:09:58 whether or not this outer star was
00:09:58 --> 00:10:00 actually linked to the black hole in the
00:10:00 --> 00:10:02 inner star to find out the authors
00:10:02 --> 00:10:04 examined data from the European space
00:10:04 --> 00:10:06 agency's guia spacecraft which tracks
00:10:06 --> 00:10:08 the motion of stars as they orbit the
00:10:08 --> 00:10:10 Galaxy they then analyze the Motions of
00:10:10 --> 00:10:12 the inner and outer Stars over the last
00:10:12 --> 00:10:15 10 years of guia data and they found
00:10:15 --> 00:10:17 that these two stars moved exactly in
00:10:17 --> 00:10:19 tandem compared to other neighboring
00:10:19 --> 00:10:21 stars that means they're most likely in
00:10:21 --> 00:10:24 the same system so how exactly could
00:10:24 --> 00:10:26 this system have formed well if the
00:10:26 --> 00:10:28 black hole arose from a typical
00:10:28 --> 00:10:30 Supernova the violent explosion would
00:10:30 --> 00:10:33 have kicked away the outer star long ago
00:10:33 --> 00:10:34 however simulation showed that the
00:10:34 --> 00:10:36 easiest way to make the triple system
00:10:36 --> 00:10:39 work was through a direct collapse in
00:10:39 --> 00:10:40 addition to giving clues about the black
00:10:40 --> 00:10:42 hole's origins The arst Stars also
00:10:42 --> 00:10:45 revealed the system's age that's because
00:10:45 --> 00:10:46 the star happens to be in the process of
00:10:46 --> 00:10:48 becoming a red giant that's a phase that
00:10:48 --> 00:10:51 occurs at the end of a star's life now
00:10:51 --> 00:10:53 based on this Stellar transition the
00:10:53 --> 00:10:54 author determined that the arter star is
00:10:54 --> 00:10:57 about 4 billion years old now given that
00:10:57 --> 00:10:59 neighboring stars were all born around
00:10:59 --> 00:11:01 at the same time it suggests the entire
00:11:01 --> 00:11:05 system is also 4 billion years old this
00:11:05 --> 00:11:08 is spacetime still to come problems with
00:11:08 --> 00:11:10 the new NASA experimental solar array
00:11:10 --> 00:11:13 system and later in the science report a
00:11:13 --> 00:11:15 new study shows that standing compared
00:11:15 --> 00:11:17 with sitting doesn't improve
00:11:17 --> 00:11:19 cardiovascular health after all all that
00:11:19 --> 00:11:30 and more still to come on SpaceTime
00:11:30 --> 00:11:37 [Music]
00:11:37 --> 00:11:39 NASA has run into problems as it tries
00:11:39 --> 00:11:41 to deploy a new combined solar array and
00:11:41 --> 00:11:43 antenna system aboard its Pathfinder
00:11:43 --> 00:11:46 technology demonstrator for spacecraft
00:11:46 --> 00:11:48 it seems the arrays boom is bent and
00:11:48 --> 00:11:50 therefore not extending properly the 12
00:11:50 --> 00:11:53 kg spacecraft is a 6-unit cube set
00:11:53 --> 00:11:56 demonstration Mission it's designed to
00:11:56 --> 00:11:57 test the new lightweight integrated
00:11:57 --> 00:12:00 solar array and antenna a very high
00:12:00 --> 00:12:02 power low volume Deployable combination
00:12:02 --> 00:12:05 antenna and solar array the four pedal
00:12:05 --> 00:12:07 solar array system or Lisa T is a thin
00:12:08 --> 00:12:10 film solar array that offers low mass
00:12:10 --> 00:12:12 lower stored volume and three times more
00:12:13 --> 00:12:14 power per mass and volume allocation
00:12:15 --> 00:12:17 than current solar arrays the new
00:12:17 --> 00:12:19 technology will eventually enable future
00:12:19 --> 00:12:21 deep space missions to acquire and
00:12:21 --> 00:12:23 communicate data through improved power
00:12:23 --> 00:12:24 generation and Communications
00:12:24 --> 00:12:27 capabilities all on the same integrated
00:12:27 --> 00:12:29 array the spacecraft was launched to Bo
00:12:29 --> 00:12:31 a Falcon 9 rocket from the vanderberg
00:12:31 --> 00:12:33 space force basing California is part of
00:12:33 --> 00:12:36 spacex's Transporter 11 Mission once in
00:12:36 --> 00:12:39 orbit NASA evaluated initial flight data
00:12:39 --> 00:12:41 and imagery confirming the spacecraft
00:12:41 --> 00:12:42 systems including its onboard
00:12:42 --> 00:12:44 electronics and payload support systems
00:12:44 --> 00:12:47 were all operating nominally the
00:12:47 --> 00:12:49 Deployable integrated antenna and solar
00:12:49 --> 00:12:52 array comprises four fordable pedals and
00:12:52 --> 00:12:54 an extendable boom which are all stored
00:12:54 --> 00:12:56 for launch taking up no more space than
00:12:56 --> 00:12:59 a coffee mug once in orbit the spr
00:12:59 --> 00:13:01 loaded boom is released it's designed to
00:13:02 --> 00:13:04 extend at about a meter the four pedals
00:13:04 --> 00:13:06 which are folded and attached to the
00:13:06 --> 00:13:08 boom would then be clear to be released
00:13:08 --> 00:13:11 expanding out to create a 2 m wide array
00:13:11 --> 00:13:14 using shape memory Alloys however on
00:13:14 --> 00:13:15 this test flight it looks like the
00:13:15 --> 00:13:18 central boom has failed to fully extend
00:13:18 --> 00:13:20 that prevents the pedals from unfolding
00:13:20 --> 00:13:22 and generating power or providing
00:13:22 --> 00:13:25 Communications operations John Carr the
00:13:25 --> 00:13:26 deputy chief technologist at Nas's
00:13:26 --> 00:13:28 martial space flight center in
00:13:28 --> 00:13:30 Huntsville Alabama says once the
00:13:30 --> 00:13:32 technolog is proven the new thin film
00:13:32 --> 00:13:34 arrays will vastly improve power
00:13:34 --> 00:13:35 generation and Communications
00:13:35 --> 00:13:41 capabilities for many Mission
00:13:41 --> 00:13:44 applications Lisa T stands for the
00:13:44 --> 00:13:46 lightweight integrated solar aray and
00:13:46 --> 00:13:50 antenna it's a super compact stowable
00:13:50 --> 00:13:52 thin film solar aray that when fully
00:13:52 --> 00:13:54 deployed in space offers both a power
00:13:54 --> 00:13:57 generation and communication capability
00:13:57 --> 00:14:00 for small spacecraft Lisa T provides
00:14:00 --> 00:14:01 significantly more electrical power
00:14:02 --> 00:14:04 generation per unit mass and per unit
00:14:04 --> 00:14:07 volume to enable higher capability Earth
00:14:08 --> 00:14:10 orbiting small spacecraft as well as for
00:14:10 --> 00:14:12 small spacecraft to travel deeper into
00:14:12 --> 00:14:15 space than currently possible L was
00:14:15 --> 00:14:17 developed at NASA's Marshall space
00:14:17 --> 00:14:20 flight center in Huntsville Alabama and
00:14:20 --> 00:14:22 is a flight project with the Pathfinder
00:14:22 --> 00:14:24 technology demonstration program which
00:14:24 --> 00:14:26 is managed out of the ases research
00:14:26 --> 00:14:29 center in Moffet field California
00:14:29 --> 00:14:31 several commercial Partners played a key
00:14:31 --> 00:14:33 role in developing lisaa including
00:14:33 --> 00:14:36 nexolve holding Tran orbital Ascent
00:14:36 --> 00:14:39 solar and microlink devices the
00:14:39 --> 00:14:42 importance of the Lisa technology cannot
00:14:42 --> 00:14:44 be understated small spacecraft are
00:14:44 --> 00:14:46 becoming increasingly important to
00:14:46 --> 00:14:48 NASA's deep space science and
00:14:48 --> 00:14:51 exploration goals the challenge we often
00:14:51 --> 00:14:53 see with small spacecraft is they tend
00:14:53 --> 00:14:56 to have very little mass and volume to
00:14:56 --> 00:14:59 spare if we want to do more with with
00:14:59 --> 00:15:00 these missions and send smaller
00:15:00 --> 00:15:03 spacecraft further into space we need to
00:15:03 --> 00:15:06 provide them with access to more power
00:15:06 --> 00:15:09 without requiring a large amount of mass
00:15:09 --> 00:15:11 and volume but how do you do that when
00:15:11 --> 00:15:14 space and Mass is at a premium Lisa
00:15:15 --> 00:15:17 meets this challenge with its thin film
00:15:17 --> 00:15:20 solar array which offers 300% more power
00:15:20 --> 00:15:21 per mass and volume than current
00:15:21 --> 00:15:24 state-of-the-art thick film Solar Ray
00:15:24 --> 00:15:27 the spacecraft prepares L for deployment
00:15:27 --> 00:15:30 and Begins by fir ing the first burn
00:15:30 --> 00:15:32 mechanism to cut tie down cords and
00:15:33 --> 00:15:36 release the central booms these booms
00:15:36 --> 00:15:38 passively deploy via stored kinetic
00:15:38 --> 00:15:41 energy with this process the solar
00:15:41 --> 00:15:44 arrays are pushed away from Lisa's main
00:15:44 --> 00:15:47 structure giving it room to expand a
00:15:47 --> 00:15:49 second burn mechanism is then activated
00:15:49 --> 00:15:52 to release each of the four solar panels
00:15:52 --> 00:15:54 which are tightly folded at top these
00:15:54 --> 00:15:57 Central booms these panels are then
00:15:57 --> 00:15:59 actively unfolded by a shape memory
00:15:59 --> 00:16:01 alloy that is embedded on the back of
00:16:01 --> 00:16:04 the panels after completely unfolding
00:16:04 --> 00:16:06 the panels lock themselves into place
00:16:06 --> 00:16:08 and maintain their shape and structure
00:16:08 --> 00:16:10 for the duration of the mission that's
00:16:10 --> 00:16:12 John Carr the deputy chief technologist
00:16:12 --> 00:16:14 at NASA's Marshall space flight center
00:16:14 --> 00:16:17 in Huntsville Alabama and this is
00:16:17 --> 00:16:18 spacetime
00:16:18 --> 00:16:33 [Music]
00:16:34 --> 00:16:35 and time now to take another brief look
00:16:35 --> 00:16:36 at some of the other stories making news
00:16:37 --> 00:16:38 in science this week with a science
00:16:38 --> 00:16:41 report a new study has shown that
00:16:41 --> 00:16:43 standing more compared to sitting really
00:16:43 --> 00:16:45 doesn't improve cardiovascular health
00:16:45 --> 00:16:47 after all the findings reported in the
00:16:47 --> 00:16:49 international Journal of epidemiology
00:16:49 --> 00:16:51 come despite the growing popularity of
00:16:51 --> 00:16:54 so-called standing desks in offices
00:16:54 --> 00:16:56 they're used by people looking to offset
00:16:56 --> 00:16:58 the harms of a sedentary lifestyle
00:16:58 --> 00:17:00 caused by spending long day sitting in
00:17:00 --> 00:17:02 front of a computer screen however
00:17:02 --> 00:17:04 scientists at the University of Sydney
00:17:04 --> 00:17:05 have shown that over the long term
00:17:06 --> 00:17:07 standing more compared with sitting
00:17:07 --> 00:17:09 doesn't improve cardiovascular health
00:17:09 --> 00:17:11 such as coronary heart disease stroke or
00:17:11 --> 00:17:13 heart failure and in fact it could
00:17:13 --> 00:17:15 increase the risk of circulatory issues
00:17:15 --> 00:17:17 related to standing such as varicose
00:17:17 --> 00:17:20 veins and deep vein
00:17:20 --> 00:17:23 thrombosis paleontologists have describe
00:17:23 --> 00:17:25 the fossilized skull of an extinct giant
00:17:25 --> 00:17:27 elephant discovered in Northern India's
00:17:27 --> 00:17:30 Kashmir Valley in the year 2000 the new
00:17:30 --> 00:17:32 research reported in the journal
00:17:32 --> 00:17:34 vertebrate paleontology sheds fresh
00:17:34 --> 00:17:36 light on a poorly understood episode of
00:17:36 --> 00:17:39 elephant evolutionary history the skull
00:17:39 --> 00:17:42 was buried with some 87 stone tools used
00:17:42 --> 00:17:45 by prehistoric humans s to say that from
00:17:45 --> 00:17:47 the general shape of the skull the
00:17:47 --> 00:17:49 elephant belonged to pale loxodon a
00:17:49 --> 00:17:51 straight Tusk family of elephants which
00:17:51 --> 00:17:53 are among the largest land mammals that
00:17:53 --> 00:17:55 ever lived fully grown adults could
00:17:55 --> 00:17:57 easily stand around 4 M tall at the
00:17:57 --> 00:18:01 shoulder and weit up to 10 tons Now by
00:18:01 --> 00:18:03 comparison a modern-day Asian elephant
00:18:03 --> 00:18:05 weighs about 6 tons and their African
00:18:05 --> 00:18:08 counterparts about seven however this
00:18:08 --> 00:18:10 Kashmere skull lacks a thick and forward
00:18:10 --> 00:18:12 projecting Crest at the skull roof which
00:18:12 --> 00:18:14 typifies other paleo loxodon skulls
00:18:14 --> 00:18:17 found in India scientists had speculated
00:18:17 --> 00:18:19 that the skull Crest in these extinct
00:18:19 --> 00:18:21 elephants became more prominent with
00:18:21 --> 00:18:23 Developmental and sexual maturity but
00:18:23 --> 00:18:26 from the size the wisdom teeth and a few
00:18:26 --> 00:18:27 other Telltale features of the skull it
00:18:27 --> 00:18:29 was evident that this animal was already
00:18:29 --> 00:18:32 a majestic bu elephant at the prime of
00:18:32 --> 00:18:34 its life so the lack of a well-developed
00:18:34 --> 00:18:36 skull Crest means this must have been a
00:18:36 --> 00:18:38 new and different
00:18:39 --> 00:18:41 species a new study has found that
00:18:41 --> 00:18:42 artificial intelligence assist
00:18:42 --> 00:18:45 colonoscopies increase pop and edema
00:18:45 --> 00:18:47 detection in routine screening the
00:18:47 --> 00:18:49 findings reported in the Journal of the
00:18:49 --> 00:18:51 anals of internal medicine follows a
00:18:51 --> 00:18:53 systematic review of randomized clinical
00:18:53 --> 00:18:55 trials comparing AI assisted
00:18:55 --> 00:18:57 colonoscopies and conventional
00:18:57 --> 00:18:59 examinations they found found that AI
00:18:59 --> 00:19:01 assister colonoscopies found more
00:19:01 --> 00:19:03 pull-ups and precancerous growths in the
00:19:03 --> 00:19:05 colon than conventional
00:19:05 --> 00:19:07 examinations however the difference was
00:19:07 --> 00:19:09 only marginal no better than the
00:19:09 --> 00:19:11 conventional method of finding serious
00:19:11 --> 00:19:13 growths per
00:19:13 --> 00:19:15 colonoscopy Apple have release their
00:19:15 --> 00:19:17 first artificial intelligence update
00:19:17 --> 00:19:19 with the details we're joined by
00:19:19 --> 00:19:21 technology editor Alex Sahara Roy from
00:19:21 --> 00:19:24 Tech advice. life it will be arriving on
00:19:25 --> 00:19:27 iPhones iPads and Mac this will
00:19:27 --> 00:19:29 introduce the first tranch of Apple's
00:19:29 --> 00:19:31 intelligence update this is the first
00:19:31 --> 00:19:33 set of their features the personal
00:19:33 --> 00:19:35 intelligence system protecting your data
00:19:35 --> 00:19:37 privacy and AI Apple has been very
00:19:37 --> 00:19:39 strong on privacy and they'd like to
00:19:39 --> 00:19:41 ensure that people think that they're
00:19:41 --> 00:19:42 going to be just as careful with your
00:19:42 --> 00:19:45 data in a world of AI compared with open
00:19:45 --> 00:19:48 AI or Google or Facebook where privacy
00:19:48 --> 00:19:49 is something they feel they have access
00:19:49 --> 00:19:51 to your data and they can sell it so
00:19:51 --> 00:19:52 we're yet to see if that strategy is
00:19:52 --> 00:19:54 going to work for apple as it has in the
00:19:54 --> 00:19:57 past I know that there'll be 18.2 the
00:19:57 --> 00:19:59 next update the next version of Apple's
00:19:59 --> 00:20:01 intelligence that will come in December
00:20:01 --> 00:20:03 and then we will see the image
00:20:03 --> 00:20:05 playground you'll be able to create
00:20:05 --> 00:20:07 images just by typing in text or
00:20:07 --> 00:20:09 removing people by drawing a circle
00:20:09 --> 00:20:10 around items that you don't want on a
00:20:10 --> 00:20:12 page which just copying things we've
00:20:12 --> 00:20:14 seen from Samsung and Google for some
00:20:14 --> 00:20:16 time so Apple's planes can catch up
00:20:16 --> 00:20:17 there's no question that they're behind
00:20:17 --> 00:20:20 the times Tim Cook the CEO of Apple did
00:20:20 --> 00:20:22 a big interview in the last week where
00:20:22 --> 00:20:24 he acknowledge that Apple can be late
00:20:24 --> 00:20:25 sometimes but they like to think that
00:20:25 --> 00:20:28 they get it right and do it in the most
00:20:28 --> 00:20:31 private and secure way so the AI Wars uh
00:20:31 --> 00:20:34 have barely just begun 2025 will'll see
00:20:34 --> 00:20:37 a huge battle for the hearts Minds
00:20:37 --> 00:20:40 wallets and usage of everyday people
00:20:40 --> 00:20:43 around the world wanting benefit from AI
00:20:43 --> 00:20:46 That's Alex Sahara Roy from take advice.
00:20:46 --> 00:20:48 life
00:20:48 --> 00:20:57 [Music]
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