SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 138
* Discovery of the Outer Solar System's Magnetic Field
Scientists have discovered evidence of an ancient magnetic field at the far reaches of our solar system. Research published in AGU Advances, based on 4.6 billion-year-old grain samples from the asteroid Richie, suggests the presence of a weak magnetic field during the formation of the outer solar system. This field, although weak, could have been instrumental in the formation of the outer planets, including Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. The findings provide new insights into the magnetic influences shaping our solar system.
* Southern Launch Gets Green Light for Orbital Missions
Southern Launch has received federal and state government approval for its Whalers Way orbital launch complex in South Australia. The site is poised to support up to 42 orbital rocket launches annually, with plans for multiple launch pads and comprehensive tracking facilities. This development marks a significant step forward for Australia's growing Space industry.
* Axiom Unveils New Lunar Spacesuits for NASA
Axiom Space has revealed the new spacesuits for NASA's Artemis 3 mission, set for a lunar landing in 2026. Designed to withstand the harsh lunar environment, these suits feature improved mobility and dust resistance. The new design includes interchangeable segments to accommodate various body types, reflecting advancements in spacesuit technology since the Apollo era.
The Science Robert
A study has identified a decline in low-pressure weather systems, crucial for rainfall in southern Australia, since the mid-20th century. Meanwhile, the largest study of brain volume to date has found genetic links between ADHD and Parkinson's disease. In wildlife news, taming wild elephant calves has been shown to increase stress levels, potentially affecting their health. Finally, the paranormal world is abuzz with sightings of Robin Hood's ghost in Sherwood Forest, though sceptics remain unconvinced.
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00:00 Scientists uncover an ancient magnetic field at the outer edge of the solar system
08:09 Axiom Space has unveiled the new lunar spacesuits NASA plans to use
13:50 Low pressure weather systems driving southern Australia's rainfall have declined over decades
16:19 Reports in England that Robin Hood has been seen haunting Sherwood Forest
Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/24089733?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:00 [Music]
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00:00:29 --> 00:00:32 tocom this is spacetime series 27
00:00:32 --> 00:00:34 episode 138 for broadcast on the 15th of
00:00:35 --> 00:00:36 November
00:00:36 --> 00:00:39 2024 coming up on space time discovery
00:00:39 --> 00:00:41 of the outer solar systems magnetic
00:00:41 --> 00:00:44 field Southern launch gets the green
00:00:44 --> 00:00:46 light for orbital missions from South
00:00:46 --> 00:00:49 Australia and axium unveils its new
00:00:49 --> 00:00:52 lunar space hits for NASA all that and
00:00:52 --> 00:00:55 more coming up on
00:00:55 --> 00:00:58 SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with
00:00:58 --> 00:01:00 Stuart Gary
00:01:00 --> 00:01:07 [Music]
00:01:15 --> 00:01:17 scientists have uncovered an ancient
00:01:17 --> 00:01:19 magnetic field at the outer edge of the
00:01:19 --> 00:01:22 solar system the findings reported in
00:01:22 --> 00:01:24 the journal agu advances based on
00:01:24 --> 00:01:27 Research into tiny 4.6 billion year old
00:01:27 --> 00:01:29 grain samples taken from the asteroid
00:01:29 --> 00:01:31 Ryuga go the grains were among those
00:01:31 --> 00:01:34 collected by the jaxa Japanese Aerospace
00:01:34 --> 00:01:37 Exploration agency's Hayabusa 2 sample
00:01:37 --> 00:01:38 return Mission which parachuted down
00:01:39 --> 00:01:41 onto the wmer rocket range in Outback
00:01:41 --> 00:01:44 South Australia in 2020 scientists
00:01:44 --> 00:01:46 believe ryugu initially formed on the
00:01:46 --> 00:01:48 outskirts of the early solar system
00:01:48 --> 00:01:50 before migrating in towards the main
00:01:50 --> 00:01:52 asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter
00:01:52 --> 00:01:54 and then eventually settling to orbit
00:01:54 --> 00:01:56 between Mars and Earth the authors
00:01:56 --> 00:01:58 analyzed Ragu particles the signs of an
00:01:59 --> 00:02:00 ancient magnetic field that might have
00:02:00 --> 00:02:02 been present when the asteroid first
00:02:02 --> 00:02:05 formed their results suggest that if
00:02:05 --> 00:02:06 there was a magnetic field it would have
00:02:06 --> 00:02:09 been very weak at most such a field
00:02:09 --> 00:02:11 would have been about 50 microtesla now
00:02:11 --> 00:02:13 Earth's Own magnetic field today is
00:02:13 --> 00:02:17 around 50 microtesla even so scientists
00:02:17 --> 00:02:19 estimate that such a lowgrade magnetic
00:02:19 --> 00:02:21 field intensity would still have been
00:02:21 --> 00:02:23 enough to pull together primordial gas
00:02:23 --> 00:02:25 and dust to form the outer solar systems
00:02:25 --> 00:02:28 asteroids and potentially play a role in
00:02:28 --> 00:02:30 giant planet formation including CL
00:02:30 --> 00:02:32 Jupiter Saturn Uranus and Neptune one of
00:02:32 --> 00:02:34 the studies's authors Benjamin Vis from
00:02:34 --> 00:02:36 MIT says scientists have known that a
00:02:36 --> 00:02:38 magnetic field shaped the inner solar
00:02:38 --> 00:02:40 system where the earth and the other
00:02:40 --> 00:02:42 terrestrial planets Mercury Venus and
00:02:42 --> 00:02:45 Mars were formed but until now it's been
00:02:45 --> 00:02:47 unclear as to whether such a magnetic
00:02:47 --> 00:02:49 influence also extended into more remote
00:02:49 --> 00:02:52 regions of the solar system V says the
00:02:52 --> 00:02:54 new research shows that everywhere we
00:02:54 --> 00:02:56 look there's some sort of magnetic field
00:02:56 --> 00:02:58 that was responsible for bringing Mass
00:02:58 --> 00:02:59 to where the sun and planets were form
00:02:59 --> 00:03:02 forming and he says that now also
00:03:02 --> 00:03:04 applies to the outer solar system
00:03:04 --> 00:03:08 planets as well around 4.6 billion years
00:03:08 --> 00:03:10 ago the solar system formed from a dense
00:03:10 --> 00:03:12 cloud of interstellar gas and dust which
00:03:12 --> 00:03:15 collapsed into a swirling disc of matter
00:03:15 --> 00:03:17 most of the material gravitated towards
00:03:17 --> 00:03:19 the center of the disc forming the Sun
00:03:19 --> 00:03:22 the remaining bits formed a solar nebula
00:03:22 --> 00:03:25 of swirling ionized gas scientists
00:03:25 --> 00:03:26 suspect that interactions between the
00:03:26 --> 00:03:29 newly formed sun and the ionized disc
00:03:29 --> 00:03:31 generated a magnetic field that threaded
00:03:31 --> 00:03:32 through the nebula hoping to drive
00:03:32 --> 00:03:34 accretion and pull matter inwards to
00:03:34 --> 00:03:37 form the planet's asteroids and moons
00:03:37 --> 00:03:39 this nebul field disappeared around 3 to
00:03:39 --> 00:03:42 4 million years after the Solar System's
00:03:42 --> 00:03:44 formation scientists had already
00:03:44 --> 00:03:46 determined that a magnetic field was
00:03:46 --> 00:03:47 present throughout the inner solar
00:03:47 --> 00:03:49 system out to about the orbit of Jupiter
00:03:49 --> 00:03:52 today the intensity of this inner nebul
00:03:52 --> 00:03:54 field was somewhere between 50 and 200
00:03:54 --> 00:03:57 micro Tesla and it likely influenced the
00:03:57 --> 00:03:59 formation of the inter terrestrial
00:03:59 --> 00:04:00 planets
00:04:00 --> 00:04:01 now these estimates of the early
00:04:01 --> 00:04:03 magnetic field are based on meteorites
00:04:03 --> 00:04:05 which have landed on Earth and are
00:04:05 --> 00:04:06 thought to have originated from the
00:04:06 --> 00:04:09 inner nebula but the outer solar system
00:04:09 --> 00:04:12 was still a magnetic mystery and that's
00:04:12 --> 00:04:15 where ryugu comes in Ru gave scientists
00:04:15 --> 00:04:17 the chance to finally analyze samples
00:04:17 --> 00:04:19 from the outer solar system vent
00:04:19 --> 00:04:21 colleagues acquired several sample
00:04:21 --> 00:04:24 grains each about a millimeter in size
00:04:24 --> 00:04:25 they plac the particles on a
00:04:25 --> 00:04:27 magnetometer to measure the strength and
00:04:27 --> 00:04:30 direction of the samples magnetization
00:04:30 --> 00:04:31 they then applied an alternating
00:04:31 --> 00:04:33 magnetic field to progressively
00:04:33 --> 00:04:36 demagnetize each sample like a tape
00:04:36 --> 00:04:39 recorder this slowly rewinds the samples
00:04:39 --> 00:04:41 magnetic record eventually they found
00:04:41 --> 00:04:44 the samples held no clear sign of a
00:04:44 --> 00:04:46 preserved magnetic field and this
00:04:46 --> 00:04:48 suggests that either there was no nebula
00:04:48 --> 00:04:49 field present in the outer solar system
00:04:49 --> 00:04:51 where the asteroid first formed or the
00:04:51 --> 00:04:53 field was so weak that it was not
00:04:53 --> 00:04:56 recorded in the asteroids grains now if
00:04:56 --> 00:04:58 the latter is the case the authors
00:04:58 --> 00:05:00 estimate such a weak would have been no
00:05:00 --> 00:05:03 more than 15 micro Tesla in intensity
00:05:03 --> 00:05:05 the authors also reexamined data from
00:05:05 --> 00:05:08 previously studied meteorites they
00:05:08 --> 00:05:09 specifically looked at ungrouped
00:05:09 --> 00:05:11 carbonaceous condres these are
00:05:12 --> 00:05:13 meteorites that are properties that are
00:05:13 --> 00:05:15 characteristic of having formed in the
00:05:15 --> 00:05:18 distel solar system scientists had
00:05:18 --> 00:05:19 already estimated that these samples
00:05:19 --> 00:05:21 were not old enough to have formed
00:05:21 --> 00:05:24 before the solar nebula disappeared any
00:05:24 --> 00:05:25 magnetic field record the samples
00:05:25 --> 00:05:27 contained then would not reflect the
00:05:27 --> 00:05:30 nebul field they reanal Iz the ages of
00:05:30 --> 00:05:32 their samples and found that they're
00:05:32 --> 00:05:33 closer to the start of the solar system
00:05:33 --> 00:05:36 than what was previously thought that
00:05:36 --> 00:05:38 means that these samples probably formed
00:05:38 --> 00:05:40 in this disle outer region and one of
00:05:40 --> 00:05:43 the carbonaceous condite samples had a
00:05:43 --> 00:05:45 positive fuel detection of around 5
00:05:45 --> 00:05:47 micro Tesla now that's consistent with
00:05:47 --> 00:05:50 the upper limit of 15 micro Tesla the
00:05:50 --> 00:05:52 updated carbonous condite sample
00:05:52 --> 00:05:54 combined with the new ryugu samples
00:05:54 --> 00:05:57 suggested the outer solar system Beyond
00:05:57 --> 00:05:59 Jupiter hosted a very weak magnetic
00:05:59 --> 00:06:01 field field that was nevertheless strong
00:06:01 --> 00:06:02 enough to pull matter together from the
00:06:03 --> 00:06:05 outskirts to eventually form the outer
00:06:05 --> 00:06:08 planetary bodies Jupiter Saturn Uranus
00:06:08 --> 00:06:12 and Neptune this is spacetime still to
00:06:13 --> 00:06:14 come Southern launch gets the green
00:06:15 --> 00:06:16 light for orbital missions from South
00:06:16 --> 00:06:19 Australia and Axiom unveils its lunar
00:06:19 --> 00:06:22 space suits for NASA all that and more
00:06:22 --> 00:06:26 still to come on space time
00:06:26 --> 00:06:39 [Music]
00:06:39 --> 00:06:41 Southern launch has finally been granted
00:06:42 --> 00:06:43 both federal and state government
00:06:43 --> 00:06:45 approvals for its Whalers way orbital
00:06:45 --> 00:06:48 launch complex located on the tip of
00:06:48 --> 00:06:50 South australas air Peninsula near Port
00:06:50 --> 00:06:52 Lincoln the facility which right now is
00:06:52 --> 00:06:54 little more than a concrete hardstand
00:06:54 --> 00:06:56 could see regular orbital rocket
00:06:56 --> 00:06:58 launches from late next year once
00:06:58 --> 00:07:01 operational wella's wh will accommodate
00:07:01 --> 00:07:04 direct descent trajectories from 55 to
00:07:04 --> 00:07:06 177° including polar Sun synchronous
00:07:06 --> 00:07:09 orbits and 135°
00:07:09 --> 00:07:11 inclinations current plans call for at
00:07:11 --> 00:07:13 least two launch pads together with
00:07:13 --> 00:07:15 Vehicle Assembly buildings clean rooms
00:07:15 --> 00:07:17 integration facilities and long range
00:07:17 --> 00:07:20 tracking and Telemetry sites thereby
00:07:20 --> 00:07:22 allowing continuous monitoring right
00:07:22 --> 00:07:24 through to payload separation initial
00:07:24 --> 00:07:27 approvals have been granted for up to 42
00:07:27 --> 00:07:30 orbital rocket launches every year the
00:07:30 --> 00:07:32 wh as way facility will complement the
00:07:32 --> 00:07:34 kibba suborbital test range along South
00:07:34 --> 00:07:36 Australia's West Coast near sauna which
00:07:36 --> 00:07:38 is designed to track and recover test
00:07:38 --> 00:07:41 articles following their flights
00:07:41 --> 00:07:42 Australia is currently home to three
00:07:42 --> 00:07:45 other space ports this equatorial launch
00:07:45 --> 00:07:47 Australia's Aram Space Center in the
00:07:47 --> 00:07:49 Northern Territory it's already been
00:07:49 --> 00:07:51 used for suborbital flights by NASA
00:07:51 --> 00:07:54 Gilmore space technology Bowen Spaceport
00:07:54 --> 00:07:56 in North Queensland has just received
00:07:56 --> 00:07:58 its own orbit launch approval from the
00:07:58 --> 00:08:00 Australian space agency
00:08:00 --> 00:08:01 and then there's the famous wmer rocket
00:08:01 --> 00:08:03 range in Outback South Australia run by
00:08:03 --> 00:08:06 the Department of Defense it was home to
00:08:06 --> 00:08:08 Australia's first orbital launches and
00:08:08 --> 00:08:10 was once the second busiest Spaceport in
00:08:10 --> 00:08:13 the world after Cape Canaveral a six
00:08:13 --> 00:08:16 Spaceport Space Center Australia is
00:08:16 --> 00:08:17 currently planned for the cap York
00:08:17 --> 00:08:20 peninsula in Far North Queensland it's
00:08:20 --> 00:08:22 recently appointed former prime minister
00:08:22 --> 00:08:25 Scott Morrison as its chair this is
00:08:25 --> 00:08:28 spacetime still to come axium space
00:08:28 --> 00:08:31 unveils its new Luna space hoods finessa
00:08:31 --> 00:08:33 and later in the science report
00:08:33 --> 00:08:34 scientists discovered genetic links
00:08:34 --> 00:08:37 between attention deficit hyperactivity
00:08:37 --> 00:08:39 disorder and Parkinson's disease all
00:08:39 --> 00:08:42 that and more still to come on
00:08:42 --> 00:08:49 [Music]
00:08:56 --> 00:08:59 SpaceTime axium space is unveil the new
00:08:59 --> 00:09:01 new lunar space suits NASA's emus 3 crew
00:09:01 --> 00:09:04 will be using when they walk on the moon
00:09:04 --> 00:09:05 in September
00:09:05 --> 00:09:07 2026 the new suits are designed to be
00:09:07 --> 00:09:10 more robust than those worn 50 years ago
00:09:10 --> 00:09:11 during the Apollo missions and they're
00:09:11 --> 00:09:13 better able to deal with a razor sharp
00:09:13 --> 00:09:16 yet talcum powder likee lunar dust the
00:09:16 --> 00:09:18 external layer of the new suits will
00:09:18 --> 00:09:20 still be white to better reflect the
00:09:20 --> 00:09:22 heat but the new outfits will also
00:09:22 --> 00:09:25 include touches of gray and red stripes
00:09:25 --> 00:09:26 the new suits are composed of
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 interchangeable segments allowing
00:09:28 --> 00:09:30 different people of different shapes and
00:09:30 --> 00:09:32 sizes to adapt the suits to meet their
00:09:32 --> 00:09:34 specific needs the suits are designed to
00:09:34 --> 00:09:37 handle temperatures ranging from 54°
00:09:37 --> 00:09:41 CSUS in direct sunlight down to- 203° C
00:09:41 --> 00:09:43 in shattered areas the backpacks carry
00:09:43 --> 00:09:46 enough oxygen water and power for an 8
00:09:46 --> 00:09:48 Hour Eva or extra vehicle activity
00:09:48 --> 00:09:51 that's NASA speak for moonwalk these
00:09:51 --> 00:09:57 reports from NASA TV and axium
00:09:57 --> 00:09:59 space there's been a lot of excitement
00:09:59 --> 00:10:02 about space suits
00:10:02 --> 00:10:04 lately but what about that iconic puffy
00:10:04 --> 00:10:07 marshmallow suit that we used to walk on
00:10:07 --> 00:10:09 the moon this is what we call an
00:10:09 --> 00:10:12 extravehicular Mobility unit or emu and
00:10:12 --> 00:10:14 these suits truly are in a class of
00:10:14 --> 00:10:17 their own since Apollo we've retooled
00:10:17 --> 00:10:19 and reimagined what can be accomplished
00:10:19 --> 00:10:21 on a spacewalk and the current space
00:10:21 --> 00:10:24 suit that Nasa uses is based on a design
00:10:24 --> 00:10:26 that first flew in
00:10:26 --> 00:10:28 1981 through rigorous maintenance safety
00:10:28 --> 00:10:30 testing and upgrades this suit has
00:10:30 --> 00:10:32 allowed us to perform some incredibly
00:10:32 --> 00:10:34 Monumental achievements and Space Walk
00:10:34 --> 00:10:37 our way into the record books we may
00:10:37 --> 00:10:40 have all come on different ships but
00:10:40 --> 00:10:42 we're in the same boat now a space suit
00:10:42 --> 00:10:44 is not something you simply wear it's
00:10:44 --> 00:10:46 more like an astronaut's very own
00:10:46 --> 00:10:48 personal vehicle a space suit is
00:10:48 --> 00:10:50 basically a self-contained environment
00:10:50 --> 00:10:53 it is a mini spacecraft that is tightly
00:10:53 --> 00:10:55 wound around a human body containing
00:10:55 --> 00:10:58 everything they need to survive because
00:10:58 --> 00:10:59 we are going
00:10:59 --> 00:11:02 back to the moon and on to Mars
00:11:02 --> 00:11:04 exploration space suits have to solve
00:11:04 --> 00:11:05 the challenges from the past and
00:11:05 --> 00:11:08 anticipate those in the future some of
00:11:08 --> 00:11:10 the biggest environmental challenges
00:11:10 --> 00:11:13 that we're seeing is finding a balance
00:11:13 --> 00:11:16 between mobility and lunar dust in other
00:11:16 --> 00:11:19 words exploration is Dirty
00:11:19 --> 00:11:21 Work looks like you guys have been
00:11:21 --> 00:11:22 playing in a coal bin I don't know how
00:11:22 --> 00:11:24 we will get it all let's do the best we
00:11:24 --> 00:11:27 can like how are we going to clean these
00:11:27 --> 00:11:28 guys off before they're allowed to go
00:11:28 --> 00:11:31 back inside there's many ways and do we
00:11:31 --> 00:11:33 know if they work we have to find out
00:11:33 --> 00:11:35 and when your life depends on a good
00:11:35 --> 00:11:37 seal and perfectly performing Fabrics
00:11:37 --> 00:11:39 dust is kind of a big
00:11:39 --> 00:11:42 deal lunar regulus it looks like it's
00:11:42 --> 00:11:45 it's just a a fine grained material when
00:11:45 --> 00:11:46 you when you see the pictures of the
00:11:46 --> 00:11:48 Apollo boots in it and stuff but uh
00:11:49 --> 00:11:51 you're going to see anywhere from broken
00:11:51 --> 00:11:55 rock shapes to fractured glass shapes
00:11:55 --> 00:11:56 that's what it looks like under the
00:11:56 --> 00:11:59 microscope of such a small particle size
00:11:59 --> 00:12:01 range that it gets in everything the
00:12:01 --> 00:12:03 Apollo missions only needed their suits
00:12:03 --> 00:12:06 to last for a few Moonwalks but these
00:12:06 --> 00:12:08 missions to the moon and Mars could be
00:12:08 --> 00:12:10 weeks months and even years long
00:12:10 --> 00:12:12 demanding the most innovative solutions
00:12:12 --> 00:12:15 from NASA and our industry partners
00:12:15 --> 00:12:17 axium team was very excited when we
00:12:17 --> 00:12:19 learned that we got the XE vast contract
00:12:19 --> 00:12:20 and to know that we're going to be a
00:12:20 --> 00:12:22 part of getting mankind back to the Moon
00:12:22 --> 00:12:24 is really exciting the suit Center used
00:12:24 --> 00:12:26 today were developed several decades ago
00:12:26 --> 00:12:27 and originally they were developed for
00:12:27 --> 00:12:29 the space shuttle and they're used the
00:12:29 --> 00:12:31 International Space Station today but if
00:12:31 --> 00:12:33 we want to go back to the Moon then we
00:12:33 --> 00:12:35 need a new space suit space suit design
00:12:35 --> 00:12:38 has been really evolutionary for decades
00:12:38 --> 00:12:40 and we are kind of taking a larger leap
00:12:40 --> 00:12:42 we are changing it so it's dust tolerant
00:12:42 --> 00:12:45 so that you can walk far distances that
00:12:45 --> 00:12:47 you can help if your fellow crew member
00:12:47 --> 00:12:49 gets incapacitated the ability to bring
00:12:49 --> 00:12:51 them back with you so all these updates
00:12:51 --> 00:12:53 were more of a revolution than an
00:12:53 --> 00:12:55 evolution of the current design I'm
00:12:55 --> 00:12:57 excited by some of the really new
00:12:57 --> 00:12:59 developments in technology
00:12:59 --> 00:13:02 uh that have been added in and I think
00:13:02 --> 00:13:05 it's going to be a great suit it is an
00:13:05 --> 00:13:07 unbelievable amount of
00:13:07 --> 00:13:10 effort from
00:13:10 --> 00:13:13 seamstresses to requirement Specialists
00:13:13 --> 00:13:17 to Engineers managers we have a range of
00:13:17 --> 00:13:19 skill sets and everyone is so proud to
00:13:19 --> 00:13:22 be doing what they're doing it's like a
00:13:22 --> 00:13:24 little bit of each of us is going up
00:13:24 --> 00:13:26 there with the astronauts and a little
00:13:26 --> 00:13:28 bit of our mentors a little bit of our
00:13:28 --> 00:13:31 family like it's it's more
00:13:31 --> 00:13:35 than just ourselves right it's everyone
00:13:35 --> 00:13:37 before us and everyone after us so
00:13:37 --> 00:13:40 that's um you can definitely feel it
00:13:40 --> 00:13:42 that gives you Goosebumps right like
00:13:42 --> 00:13:45 that is it hasn't sunk in yet and I
00:13:45 --> 00:13:47 don't know if it will ever sink in even
00:13:47 --> 00:13:48 when it's happening and you're looking
00:13:48 --> 00:13:50 at the moon and you're like there's
00:13:50 --> 00:13:53 someone on the moon in an axiom suit
00:13:53 --> 00:13:57 like that is the dream those reports
00:13:57 --> 00:14:00 from NASA TV in axium Sp space included
00:14:00 --> 00:14:02 were axum space's ax plus project
00:14:02 --> 00:14:05 manager Tammy Redford Eva Deputy project
00:14:05 --> 00:14:08 manager Russell ralton ax plus manager
00:14:08 --> 00:14:11 Michelle Stein ax 2 mission Commander
00:14:11 --> 00:14:13 Peggy witson ax plus thermal Loop lead
00:14:13 --> 00:14:17 Sarah Lucario sewing Tech Zack Pew and a
00:14:17 --> 00:14:20 plus Deputy manager Christopher Jackson
00:14:20 --> 00:14:22 this is spacetime
00:14:22 --> 00:14:31 [Music]
00:14:38 --> 00:14:39 and time now to take another brief look
00:14:39 --> 00:14:41 at some of the other stories making news
00:14:41 --> 00:14:43 in science this week with a science
00:14:43 --> 00:14:45 report a new study has shown that the
00:14:45 --> 00:14:47 weather systems driving much of Southern
00:14:47 --> 00:14:50 Australia's rainfall have declined over
00:14:50 --> 00:14:53 recent decades a report in the Journal
00:14:53 --> 00:14:54 of southern hemisphere Earth system
00:14:54 --> 00:14:56 science found that low pressure weather
00:14:56 --> 00:14:58 systems which are an important source of
00:14:58 --> 00:15:00 rain rainfall in Southern Australia have
00:15:00 --> 00:15:03 been on the decline since the mid 20th
00:15:03 --> 00:15:05 century the study's authors analyz
00:15:05 --> 00:15:08 long-term trends in lows between 1959
00:15:08 --> 00:15:09 and
00:15:09 --> 00:15:12 2023 they found a steady decline in the
00:15:12 --> 00:15:14 number of low pressure systems over that
00:15:14 --> 00:15:16 time period and a corresponding decline
00:15:16 --> 00:15:19 in rainfall the authors say decreasing
00:15:19 --> 00:15:20 lows on the east coast of Southern
00:15:20 --> 00:15:23 Australia can explain more than 70% of
00:15:23 --> 00:15:26 rainfall changes experienced since the
00:15:26 --> 00:15:28 1960s they say further research should
00:15:28 --> 00:15:29 ADV investigate the influence of
00:15:30 --> 00:15:31 human-driven climate change in these
00:15:31 --> 00:15:33 Trends and whether this decline is
00:15:33 --> 00:15:37 related to other forms of global climate
00:15:37 --> 00:15:39 change the world's largest study of
00:15:39 --> 00:15:41 brain volume has discovered genetic
00:15:41 --> 00:15:44 links to attention deficit hyperactivity
00:15:44 --> 00:15:46 disorder and Parkinson's disease the
00:15:46 --> 00:15:48 findings reported in the journal Nature
00:15:48 --> 00:15:50 genetics found hundreds of genetic
00:15:50 --> 00:15:52 variants involved in brain size which
00:15:52 --> 00:15:54 are also found in paper with brain
00:15:54 --> 00:15:56 conditions such as Parkinson's and
00:15:56 --> 00:15:59 ADHD the study is the world largest
00:15:59 --> 00:16:01 investigation of how genetic differences
00:16:01 --> 00:16:03 influence structures in the deep brain
00:16:03 --> 00:16:05 and it provides a new insight into the
00:16:05 --> 00:16:07 intricate relationship between genetic
00:16:07 --> 00:16:09 makeup and brain
00:16:09 --> 00:16:11 health well here's something we should
00:16:11 --> 00:16:14 have already known a new study warns
00:16:14 --> 00:16:16 that taming wild elephant carves
00:16:16 --> 00:16:18 increases their stress levels and may
00:16:18 --> 00:16:20 have implications for their physical
00:16:20 --> 00:16:23 health a quarter of Asian elephants are
00:16:23 --> 00:16:25 captive with more than 90% of these
00:16:25 --> 00:16:28 tamed and cared for by handlers a report
00:16:28 --> 00:16:29 in the Journal of of the Royal Society
00:16:29 --> 00:16:32 open science measured indicators of
00:16:32 --> 00:16:34 stress while elephant CS underwent
00:16:34 --> 00:16:36 taming in Myanmar although most
00:16:36 --> 00:16:38 indicators of acute and elevated stress
00:16:38 --> 00:16:40 that was only lasted a few weeks the
00:16:40 --> 00:16:42 authors found that some were still high
00:16:42 --> 00:16:45 several months later and that could have
00:16:45 --> 00:16:47 serious implications for the animal's
00:16:47 --> 00:16:49 physical
00:16:49 --> 00:16:51 health time now for the silliest story
00:16:51 --> 00:16:52 of the week and there are reports in
00:16:53 --> 00:16:55 marot England that the ghost of Robin
00:16:55 --> 00:16:57 Hood has been seen haunting the
00:16:57 --> 00:16:59 Enchanted Woods of Sherwood Forest
00:16:59 --> 00:17:01 a group of mediums and paranormal
00:17:01 --> 00:17:03 investigators claim to have made
00:17:03 --> 00:17:05 sightings not just of Robin Hood but
00:17:05 --> 00:17:07 also of dark hooded Druids roaming the
00:17:07 --> 00:17:10 woods late at night Tim mindham from
00:17:10 --> 00:17:12 Australian Skeptics wonders how do they
00:17:12 --> 00:17:14 know that it's Robin Hood the story with
00:17:14 --> 00:17:16 sure with Forest is if you've been there
00:17:16 --> 00:17:17 up near Nottingham in sort of the
00:17:17 --> 00:17:19 Midland sort of area of England is that
00:17:19 --> 00:17:21 of course there the home of Robin Hood
00:17:21 --> 00:17:23 and these merry men Robin Hood was
00:17:23 --> 00:17:25 supposed to be sort of he Robin of Oxley
00:17:25 --> 00:17:27 he was a nobleman who was deprived of
00:17:28 --> 00:17:30 his realm by the Sheriff of Nottingham
00:17:30 --> 00:17:31 King John when he came back from the
00:17:31 --> 00:17:34 Crusades and he therefore got really
00:17:34 --> 00:17:36 upset about that and ran into Sherwood
00:17:36 --> 00:17:37 Forest and met these merry men all
00:17:37 --> 00:17:39 wearing Lincoln Green outfits looking
00:17:39 --> 00:17:41 very fetching so they could blend into
00:17:41 --> 00:17:43 the Sherwood Forest and then they would
00:17:43 --> 00:17:44 start robbing from the rich and giving
00:17:44 --> 00:17:46 to the poor most of that's rubbish never
00:17:46 --> 00:17:48 mind the fact that Robin of oxia might
00:17:48 --> 00:17:50 have existed he was a nobleman of sorts
00:17:50 --> 00:17:52 and disenfranchised but this the concept
00:17:52 --> 00:17:54 of the Mery men and their bow and arrow
00:17:54 --> 00:17:56 and rubbing from the rich and giving to
00:17:56 --> 00:17:57 the poor was pretty much made up but
00:17:57 --> 00:17:58 it's a nice story it's been around for
00:17:58 --> 00:18:00 for a long time it's based on the idea
00:18:00 --> 00:18:02 of the Green Man mysterious person
00:18:03 --> 00:18:04 living in the forest who's mixed in with
00:18:04 --> 00:18:06 nature who like Tolan Tom Bombadil sort
00:18:06 --> 00:18:09 of character who therefore is a spirit
00:18:09 --> 00:18:10 of nature Robin Hood sort of comes out
00:18:10 --> 00:18:12 of that a bit so what's happening is
00:18:12 --> 00:18:14 that there's a paranormal expert mediums
00:18:14 --> 00:18:16 and investigators who are reporting
00:18:16 --> 00:18:18 they've been detecting the spirit of
00:18:18 --> 00:18:20 Robert Hood in the forest now why Robert
00:18:20 --> 00:18:22 Hood why not Prince John or or the
00:18:22 --> 00:18:25 Sheriff of Nottingham or Fri tuck and
00:18:25 --> 00:18:27 little John Etc all these people who are
00:18:27 --> 00:18:29 equally sort of tenuous their existence
00:18:29 --> 00:18:31 why only Robin Hood Spirit why don't all
00:18:31 --> 00:18:32 the others and surely they'd be the same
00:18:32 --> 00:18:34 in the New Forest or eping forest or the
00:18:34 --> 00:18:36 various forests that still exist in
00:18:36 --> 00:18:38 England now they're also seeing Druids
00:18:38 --> 00:18:39 in the forest wandering through in their
00:18:39 --> 00:18:40 white roads now the trouble is with
00:18:40 --> 00:18:42 Druids the image we have with Druids is
00:18:42 --> 00:18:44 pretty much a recent fabrication juliia
00:18:44 --> 00:18:47 Caesar refers to Druids in his anals of
00:18:47 --> 00:18:48 invading England or they might have be a
00:18:48 --> 00:18:50 total recent fabrication from the 1700s
00:18:51 --> 00:18:52 when the whole thing became indry and
00:18:52 --> 00:18:54 there's no suggesting that drers were
00:18:54 --> 00:18:56 associated for a start with Stonehenge
00:18:56 --> 00:18:58 Sherwood Forest I really don't know but
00:18:58 --> 00:18:59 suddenly the people saying the spirit of
00:18:59 --> 00:19:01 Robin Hood and figures of Druids
00:19:01 --> 00:19:03 wandering through Sherwood Forest and
00:19:03 --> 00:19:05 you're going to say hang on hang on they
00:19:05 --> 00:19:06 they weren't real in the first place but
00:19:06 --> 00:19:07 certainly not the way that you're
00:19:07 --> 00:19:09 thinking of it's a strange wonderful
00:19:09 --> 00:19:11 thing about the Paranormal that people
00:19:11 --> 00:19:13 will grab under anything no matter how
00:19:13 --> 00:19:15 illogical or inconsistent are their
00:19:15 --> 00:19:16 theories and so shwood Forest is
00:19:16 --> 00:19:18 probably as good as any place to find a
00:19:18 --> 00:19:21 haed tree or a figure of a legendary
00:19:21 --> 00:19:23 thief or some mystical priests who never
00:19:23 --> 00:19:25 really existed as such as people see
00:19:25 --> 00:19:27 them so all part of the Glorious
00:19:27 --> 00:19:29 tapestry of folklore would suggest
00:19:29 --> 00:19:33 that's Tim mum from Australian
00:19:33 --> 00:19:42 [Music]
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