SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 141
* Supermassive Black Hole Consumes Matter at Record Speed
Astronomers have discovered a supermassive black hole in the early universe consuming matter at a rate more than 40 times its theoretical limit. This black hole, catalogued as LID568, was observed by the Webb Space Telescope and is providing new insights into the rapid growth mechanisms of black holes shortly after the Big Bang. The findings challenge existing theories on how these cosmic giants formed so quickly and open new avenues for future research.
* Uranus' Magnetic Mysteries Unveiled
New analysis of 38-year-old data from NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft reveals that a space weather event dramatically compressed Uranus' magnetosphere just before the flyby in 1986. This event provides clues to the planet's unusual magnetic field and suggests that Uranus' moons might be more geologically active than previously thought. The findings are crucial for understanding this enigmatic ice giant and its unique characteristics.
* New Satellite to Track Earth's Surface Movements
Scientists are preparing to launch a new satellite, the NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR), designed to measure ground movement on Earth's surface. Scheduled for launch next year, NISAR will provide detailed data on earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides, enhancing our ability to prepare for natural disasters. This mission will offer unprecedented insights into the dynamics of our planet's surface.
The Science Report
The World Meteorological Organization predicts 2024 to be the hottest year on record, driven by rising greenhouse gas levels. Meanwhile, ultra-processed foods are dominating global diets, linked to numerous chronic diseases. A study of dog breeds reveals that toy dogs have larger brains relative to their body size compared to working dogs. Lastly, a retrospective look at NASA's 1996 tether experiment debunks UFO theories, emphasizing the importance of scientific explanations.
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00:00 Black hole found to be consuming matter faster than its theoretical limit
04:37 Space weather event squeezed Uranus magnetosphere before 1986 Voyager 2 flyby
08:30 Scientists developing a new satellite designed to measure ground movement on the Earth's surface
13:10 World Meteorological Organization says 2024 will be the hottest year on record
✍️ Episode References
Webb Space Telescope
https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/
Chandra X Ray Observatory
https://chandra.harvard.edu/
National Science Foundation's National Optical Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory
https://www.noirlab.edu/
NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory
https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/
Journal of Nature
https://www.nature.com/
Voyager 2
https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/
COP 29 Climate Change Conference
https://unfccc.int/
World Meteorological Organization
https://public.wmo.int/
International Congress on Obesity
https://www.worldobesity.org/
Biological Letters
https://royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsbl
Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/24220699?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:01 the holidays are all about sharing with
00:00:01 --> 00:00:04 family meals couches stories Grandma
00:00:04 --> 00:00:06 secret pean pie recipe and now you can
00:00:06 --> 00:00:08 also share a cart with insta carts
00:00:08 --> 00:00:10 family carts everyone can add what they
00:00:10 --> 00:00:11 want to one group cart from wherever
00:00:12 --> 00:00:13 they are so you don't have to go from
00:00:13 --> 00:00:15 room to room to find out who wants
00:00:15 --> 00:00:17 cranberry sauce or who should get many
00:00:17 --> 00:00:19 marshmallows for the yams or collecting
00:00:19 --> 00:00:20 votes for sugar cookies versus
00:00:20 --> 00:00:22 shortbread just share a cart and then
00:00:22 --> 00:00:24 share the meals and the moments download
00:00:24 --> 00:00:26 the instacart app and get delivery in as
00:00:26 --> 00:00:28 fast as 30 minutes plus enjoy free
00:00:28 --> 00:00:30 delivery on your first three orders
00:00:30 --> 00:00:32 service fees and terms apply why get all
00:00:32 --> 00:00:34 your holiday decorations delivered
00:00:34 --> 00:00:36 through instacart because maybe you only
00:00:36 --> 00:00:38 bought two wreaths but you have 12
00:00:38 --> 00:00:41 windows or maybe your toddler got very
00:00:41 --> 00:00:43 eager with the Advent calendar or maybe
00:00:43 --> 00:00:45 the inflatable snowman didn't make it
00:00:45 --> 00:00:46 through the snowstorm or maybe the
00:00:46 --> 00:00:49 twinkle lights aren't twinkling whatever
00:00:49 --> 00:00:51 the reason this season instacart's here
00:00:51 --> 00:00:53 for host and their whole holiday haul
00:00:53 --> 00:00:56 get decorations from the Home Depot CVS
00:00:56 --> 00:00:57 and more through instacart and enjoy
00:00:57 --> 00:00:59 free delivery on your first three orders
00:00:59 --> 00:01:02 service fees and term Supply this is
00:01:02 --> 00:01:05 spacetime series 27 episode 141 for
00:01:05 --> 00:01:08 broadcast of the 22nd of November 2024
00:01:08 --> 00:01:11 coming up on SpaceTime a black hole F to
00:01:11 --> 00:01:13 be consuming matter faster than its
00:01:13 --> 00:01:16 theoretical limit solving another one of
00:01:16 --> 00:01:19 the many Mysteries of the planet Uranus
00:01:19 --> 00:01:21 and a new spacecraft designed to track
00:01:21 --> 00:01:24 how Earth's surface moves all that and
00:01:24 --> 00:01:27 more coming up on
00:01:27 --> 00:01:30 SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with
00:01:30 --> 00:01:32 Stuart
00:01:32 --> 00:01:39 [Music]
00:01:46 --> 00:01:48 Gary astronomers have discovered a super
00:01:48 --> 00:01:50 massive black hole in the early universe
00:01:50 --> 00:01:53 that's consuming matter more than 40
00:01:53 --> 00:01:56 times faster than its theoretical limit
00:01:56 --> 00:01:57 the discovery of this black hole
00:01:57 --> 00:01:59 apparently feasting a material at an
00:01:59 --> 00:02:01 exem rate just 1 and a half billion
00:02:01 --> 00:02:03 years after the big bang is providing
00:02:03 --> 00:02:05 scientists with valuable new insights
00:02:05 --> 00:02:07 into the mechanisms of rapidly growing
00:02:07 --> 00:02:10 black holes in the early Universe super
00:02:10 --> 00:02:12 massive black holes exist at the centers
00:02:13 --> 00:02:15 of most if not all galaxies and modern
00:02:16 --> 00:02:18 telescopes are continuing to find them
00:02:18 --> 00:02:20 at surprisingly Early times in the
00:02:20 --> 00:02:23 universe's Evolution but until now it's
00:02:23 --> 00:02:25 been really difficult to understand how
00:02:25 --> 00:02:27 these black holes have been able to grow
00:02:27 --> 00:02:30 so big so quickly the black hole
00:02:30 --> 00:02:33 cataloged as LD 568 was discovered using
00:02:33 --> 00:02:35 the webspace telescope which was
00:02:35 --> 00:02:37 observing a sample of galaxies from the
00:02:37 --> 00:02:39 changer x-ray observatories Cosmos
00:02:39 --> 00:02:42 Legacy survey this population of
00:02:42 --> 00:02:45 galaxies are very bright in x-rays but
00:02:45 --> 00:02:47 are invisible in Optical in their
00:02:47 --> 00:02:49 infrared but web's unique infrared
00:02:49 --> 00:02:51 sensitivity allowed the telescope to
00:02:51 --> 00:02:54 detect these faint counterpart emissions
00:02:54 --> 00:02:57 L 568 stood out within the sample for
00:02:57 --> 00:02:59 its intense x-ray emissions but it's
00:02:59 --> 00:03:01 exact position couldn't be determined
00:03:01 --> 00:03:03 from the X-ray observations alone and
00:03:03 --> 00:03:05 that raised concerns about properly
00:03:05 --> 00:03:07 centering the target within web's field
00:03:07 --> 00:03:10 of view so rather than using traditional
00:03:10 --> 00:03:13 slit spectroscopy scientists decided to
00:03:13 --> 00:03:15 use the integral field spectrograph on
00:03:15 --> 00:03:18 webs near infrared spectrometer this
00:03:18 --> 00:03:20 instrument can get a spectrum from each
00:03:20 --> 00:03:22 pixel in its field of view rather than
00:03:22 --> 00:03:24 being limited to just a narrow slice it
00:03:24 --> 00:03:26 allowed the authors to get a full view
00:03:26 --> 00:03:28 of their target and its surrounding
00:03:28 --> 00:03:30 region leading to the unexpected
00:03:30 --> 00:03:32 discovery of powerful outflows of gas
00:03:32 --> 00:03:35 around the central black hole the speed
00:03:35 --> 00:03:37 and size of these outflows led scientist
00:03:37 --> 00:03:39 to infer that a substantial fraction of
00:03:39 --> 00:03:42 the mass of LD 568 may have occurred in
00:03:42 --> 00:03:46 a single episode of Rapid accretion in a
00:03:46 --> 00:03:48 stunning Discovery they found that lad
00:03:48 --> 00:03:51 568 appears to be feeding on matter at a
00:03:51 --> 00:03:54 rate more than 40 times its Edington
00:03:54 --> 00:03:56 limit now the Edington limit relates to
00:03:56 --> 00:03:58 the maximum Luminosity that a black hole
00:03:58 --> 00:04:01 can achieve as well as how fast it can
00:04:01 --> 00:04:03 absorb matter such that its inward
00:04:03 --> 00:04:05 gravitational force and outward Photon
00:04:05 --> 00:04:07 pressure generated from the heat of the
00:04:07 --> 00:04:09 compressed inward falling material
00:04:09 --> 00:04:11 remains in Balance it's possible that
00:04:11 --> 00:04:15 the powerful outflows observed in L 568
00:04:15 --> 00:04:17 may be acting as a sort of release valve
00:04:17 --> 00:04:19 for the excess energy generated by the
00:04:19 --> 00:04:21 extreme accretion preventing the system
00:04:21 --> 00:04:24 from becoming too unstable the study's
00:04:24 --> 00:04:26 lead author hwan Sue from the National
00:04:26 --> 00:04:28 Science foundation's National Optical
00:04:28 --> 00:04:29 infrared astronomy research search
00:04:29 --> 00:04:31 laboratory says these serendipitous
00:04:31 --> 00:04:34 results add a new dimension to science's
00:04:34 --> 00:04:36 understanding of the system and open up
00:04:36 --> 00:04:38 exciting new avenues for future
00:04:38 --> 00:04:40 investigation the findings reported in
00:04:40 --> 00:04:42 the journal Nature show how this extreme
00:04:42 --> 00:04:45 case demonstrates that a fast feeding
00:04:45 --> 00:04:47 mechanism above the Edington limit is
00:04:47 --> 00:04:49 one of the possible explanations for why
00:04:49 --> 00:04:51 we see so many large super massive black
00:04:51 --> 00:04:54 holes so early in the history of the
00:04:54 --> 00:04:56 universe it means the results are
00:04:56 --> 00:04:57 providing new insights into the
00:04:57 --> 00:04:59 formation of super massive black hole
00:04:59 --> 00:05:02 from smaller black hole seeds which
00:05:02 --> 00:05:04 current theor suggest arise either from
00:05:04 --> 00:05:06 the death of the universe's first stars
00:05:06 --> 00:05:09 or from the direct collapse of Giant Gas
00:05:09 --> 00:05:11 clouds until now these theories lacked
00:05:11 --> 00:05:14 any observational confirmation Sue says
00:05:15 --> 00:05:16 the discovery of a super Edington
00:05:16 --> 00:05:18 accreting black hole suggests that a
00:05:18 --> 00:05:20 significant proportion of the mass
00:05:20 --> 00:05:22 growth of the black hole can occur
00:05:22 --> 00:05:24 during a single episode of Rapid feeding
00:05:24 --> 00:05:26 regardless of how the black hole
00:05:26 --> 00:05:30 originated this is spacetime still to
00:05:30 --> 00:05:32 come solving one of the many Mysteries
00:05:32 --> 00:05:34 of the planet Uranus and a new
00:05:34 --> 00:05:37 spacecraft to launch next year to track
00:05:37 --> 00:05:39 how the Earth surface moves all that and
00:05:39 --> 00:05:42 more still to come on
00:05:42 --> 00:05:56 [Music]
00:05:56 --> 00:05:58 SpaceTime astronomers have discovered
00:05:58 --> 00:06:01 that an unusual space weather event
00:06:01 --> 00:06:03 literally squeezed the planet Uranus's
00:06:03 --> 00:06:05 magnetic field dramatically compressing
00:06:05 --> 00:06:07 its magnetosphere just before NASA's
00:06:07 --> 00:06:11 Voyer 2 spacecraft flew past it in
00:06:11 --> 00:06:13 1986 the new findings which were
00:06:13 --> 00:06:15 revealed while astronomers were mining
00:06:15 --> 00:06:17 38-year-old data from Voyer 2 helps
00:06:17 --> 00:06:19 explain the ice Giant's weird magnetic
00:06:19 --> 00:06:23 field at the time of the flyby Voyer 2
00:06:23 --> 00:06:25 is provided scientists with their first
00:06:25 --> 00:06:27 and so far only close glimpse of this
00:06:27 --> 00:06:31 strange sideways Road ating out a planet
00:06:31 --> 00:06:33 alongside the discovery of new moons and
00:06:33 --> 00:06:35 Rings baffling new mysteries about
00:06:35 --> 00:06:38 Uranus confronted the Voyer scientists
00:06:38 --> 00:06:40 they discovered the energized particles
00:06:40 --> 00:06:42 around the planet defi their
00:06:42 --> 00:06:43 understanding of how magnetic fields
00:06:44 --> 00:06:46 work to trap particle radiation and that
00:06:47 --> 00:06:49 earned Uranus a reputation as an outlier
00:06:49 --> 00:06:52 in our solar system the study's lead
00:06:52 --> 00:06:55 author Jamie jinsky from nas jet propul
00:06:55 --> 00:06:57 laboratory in Pasad California says that
00:06:57 --> 00:06:59 if fuu had arrived just a few days
00:06:59 --> 00:07:01 earlier it would have observed a
00:07:01 --> 00:07:03 completely different magnetosphere
00:07:03 --> 00:07:06 around Uranus instead the spacecraft saw
00:07:06 --> 00:07:08 Uranus in conditions that actually only
00:07:08 --> 00:07:10 occur about 4% of the time
00:07:10 --> 00:07:12 magnetospheres serve as protective
00:07:12 --> 00:07:15 bubbles around planets with Magnetic
00:07:15 --> 00:07:17 cores and magnetic fields shielding them
00:07:17 --> 00:07:19 from the ionized gas or plasma that
00:07:19 --> 00:07:21 streams out from the Sun and the solar
00:07:21 --> 00:07:24 wind learning more about how these
00:07:24 --> 00:07:26 magnetospheres work is important both
00:07:26 --> 00:07:28 for understanding our own Planet as well
00:07:28 --> 00:07:30 as those in sodum visit Ed corners of
00:07:30 --> 00:07:33 our solar system and beyond that's why
00:07:33 --> 00:07:35 scientists were eager to study Uranus's
00:07:35 --> 00:07:37 magnetic field and what they saw in the
00:07:37 --> 00:07:40 voer 2 data back in 1986 flamix them so
00:07:40 --> 00:07:44 badly inside Uranus's magnetosphere were
00:07:44 --> 00:07:45 electron radiation belts with an
00:07:45 --> 00:07:47 intensity second only to Jupiter's
00:07:47 --> 00:07:50 notoriously brutal radiation belts
00:07:50 --> 00:07:52 problem is there was no apparent source
00:07:52 --> 00:07:54 of energized particles to feed those
00:07:55 --> 00:07:57 active builds in fact the rest of
00:07:57 --> 00:07:59 Uranus's magnetic field was almost Deo
00:07:59 --> 00:08:02 of plasma the missing plasma also
00:08:02 --> 00:08:03 puzzled scientists because they knew
00:08:03 --> 00:08:06 that the five major Uranian moons in the
00:08:06 --> 00:08:07 magnetic bubble should have produced
00:08:07 --> 00:08:10 water ions as icy moons around other
00:08:10 --> 00:08:12 planets do they therefore concluded that
00:08:12 --> 00:08:15 the moons must be inert with no ongoing
00:08:15 --> 00:08:18 activity so why was no plasma observed
00:08:18 --> 00:08:20 and what was happening to beef up the
00:08:20 --> 00:08:23 radiation belts the new data analysis
00:08:23 --> 00:08:25 reported in the journal Nature astronomy
00:08:25 --> 00:08:27 points to the solar wind when plasma
00:08:27 --> 00:08:29 from the Sun pounded and compressed
00:08:29 --> 00:08:32 magnetosphere it likely drove plasma out
00:08:32 --> 00:08:34 of the system and the solar wind would
00:08:34 --> 00:08:37 also briefly intensified the Dynamics of
00:08:37 --> 00:08:38 the magnetosphere which would have fed
00:08:38 --> 00:08:40 the belts by ejecting electrons into
00:08:40 --> 00:08:43 them and the findings could be good news
00:08:43 --> 00:08:45 for those five major moons of Uranus
00:08:45 --> 00:08:47 some of which might be geologically
00:08:47 --> 00:08:49 active with an explanation for the
00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 temporarily missing plasma researchers
00:08:51 --> 00:08:53 say it's plausible that the moons
00:08:53 --> 00:08:55 actually may have been spewing irons
00:08:55 --> 00:08:57 into the surrounding bubble all along
00:08:57 --> 00:08:59 planetary scientists are focusing on
00:08:59 --> 00:09:00 bolstering their knowledge of the
00:09:00 --> 00:09:02 mysterious Uranus system which is being
00:09:03 --> 00:09:05 prioritized as a target for a future
00:09:05 --> 00:09:07 NASA Mission as for the Voyager 2
00:09:07 --> 00:09:09 spacecraft well it's still operational
00:09:09 --> 00:09:11 currently flying through unexplored
00:09:11 --> 00:09:14 Interstellar space some 21 billion
00:09:14 --> 00:09:18 kilometers from Earth this is spacetime
00:09:18 --> 00:09:20 still to come scientists are developing
00:09:20 --> 00:09:22 a new satellite designed to measure
00:09:22 --> 00:09:24 ground movement on the Earth's surface
00:09:24 --> 00:09:26 and later in the science report the
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 World Meteorological organization says
00:09:28 --> 00:09:31 2024 was on track to become the hottest
00:09:31 --> 00:09:33 year on record all that and more still
00:09:33 --> 00:09:36 to come on
00:09:36 --> 00:09:43 [Music]
00:09:47 --> 00:09:49 SpaceTime the holidays are all about
00:09:49 --> 00:09:51 sharing with family meals couches
00:09:51 --> 00:09:53 stories Grandma secret pean pie recipe
00:09:53 --> 00:09:55 and now you can also share a cart with
00:09:55 --> 00:09:57 insta carts family carts everyone can
00:09:57 --> 00:09:59 add what they want to one group cart
00:09:59 --> 00:10:01 from wherever they are so you don't have
00:10:01 --> 00:10:02 to go from room to room to find out who
00:10:02 --> 00:10:04 wants cranberry sauce or who should get
00:10:04 --> 00:10:06 manyi marshmallows for the yams or
00:10:06 --> 00:10:08 collecting votes for sugar cookies
00:10:08 --> 00:10:10 versus shortbread just share a cart and
00:10:10 --> 00:10:11 then share the meals and the moments
00:10:12 --> 00:10:13 download the instacart app and get
00:10:13 --> 00:10:15 delivery in as fast as 30 minutes plus
00:10:15 --> 00:10:17 enjoy free delivery on your first three
00:10:17 --> 00:10:20 orders service fees and terms apply why
00:10:20 --> 00:10:21 get all your holiday decorations
00:10:21 --> 00:10:23 delivered through instacart because
00:10:24 --> 00:10:26 maybe you only bought two wreaths but
00:10:26 --> 00:10:28 you have 12 windows or maybe your
00:10:28 --> 00:10:30 toddler got very eager with the Advent
00:10:30 --> 00:10:32 calendar or maybe the inflatable snowman
00:10:32 --> 00:10:34 didn't make it through the snowstorm or
00:10:34 --> 00:10:36 maybe the twinkle lights aren't
00:10:36 --> 00:10:38 twinkling whatever the reason this
00:10:38 --> 00:10:40 season instacart's here for H and their
00:10:40 --> 00:10:42 whole holiday haul get decorations from
00:10:42 --> 00:10:44 the Home Depot CVS and more through
00:10:44 --> 00:10:46 instacart and enjoy free delivery on
00:10:46 --> 00:10:48 your first three orders service fees and
00:10:48 --> 00:10:51 term
00:10:51 --> 00:10:53 Supply scientists are developing a new
00:10:53 --> 00:10:55 satellite designed to measure ground
00:10:55 --> 00:10:57 movement on the Earth's surface The
00:10:57 --> 00:10:59 Joint Nasa Indian space search
00:10:59 --> 00:11:02 organization synthetic aperture radar or
00:11:02 --> 00:11:04 Nisa Mission will measure the motion of
00:11:04 --> 00:11:06 nearly all of the planets land and ice
00:11:06 --> 00:11:09 covered surfaces twice every 12 days The
00:11:09 --> 00:11:11 Joint us Indian satellite will track the
00:11:11 --> 00:11:13 Earth's changing surface improving
00:11:13 --> 00:11:15 science's understanding of phena like
00:11:15 --> 00:11:19 earthquakes volcanoes and landslides now
00:11:19 --> 00:11:20 other satellites have monitored ground
00:11:20 --> 00:11:23 movement before but the pace of Nas data
00:11:23 --> 00:11:25 collection will give researchers a more
00:11:25 --> 00:11:27 Fuller picture of how the Earth surface
00:11:27 --> 00:11:30 changes over time the probe will also
00:11:30 --> 00:11:32 help people prepare for and recover from
00:11:32 --> 00:11:35 natural and human CA disasters ncer
00:11:35 --> 00:11:37 applications lead Kathleen Jones from
00:11:37 --> 00:11:39 NASA's jet propulsion laboratory in
00:11:39 --> 00:11:41 pasadina California says this kind of
00:11:41 --> 00:11:43 regular observation will allow
00:11:43 --> 00:11:44 scientists to look at how the Earth's
00:11:44 --> 00:11:46 surface moves across nearly the entire
00:11:47 --> 00:11:49 planet providing a more complete picture
00:11:49 --> 00:11:51 both horizontally and vertically
00:11:51 --> 00:11:53 targeted for launch from India early
00:11:53 --> 00:11:54 next year the mission will be able to
00:11:54 --> 00:11:56 detect surface motions down to
00:11:56 --> 00:11:58 centimeters and map changes in
00:11:58 --> 00:11:59 vegetation
00:11:59 --> 00:12:02 it uses a pair of radar instruments that
00:12:02 --> 00:12:04 operate at long wavelengths an l-band
00:12:04 --> 00:12:07 system built by JPL and an sand system
00:12:07 --> 00:12:09 built by ISRO and Nisa will be the first
00:12:09 --> 00:12:12 satellite to carry both each instrument
00:12:12 --> 00:12:14 can collect measurements day and night
00:12:14 --> 00:12:16 and they can see through clouds that
00:12:16 --> 00:12:17 would normally obstruct the view of
00:12:17 --> 00:12:19 optical instruments the orband
00:12:19 --> 00:12:21 instrument will also be able to
00:12:21 --> 00:12:23 penetrate dense vegetation to measure
00:12:23 --> 00:12:25 ground motion this capability will be
00:12:25 --> 00:12:27 especially useful in areas surrounding
00:12:27 --> 00:12:29 volcanoes or Fort lines that are often
00:12:29 --> 00:12:33 obscured by vegetation this report from
00:12:33 --> 00:12:34 NASA
00:12:34 --> 00:12:37 TV infrastructure problems are common
00:12:37 --> 00:12:40 Around The World nysar Is A New Earth
00:12:40 --> 00:12:43 observing mission to image all of the
00:12:43 --> 00:12:45 land across the globe this is a
00:12:45 --> 00:12:47 partnership between NASA and the Indian
00:12:47 --> 00:12:50 space research organization the thing
00:12:50 --> 00:12:52 that's really cool about this instrument
00:12:52 --> 00:12:53 is that you can do interferometry
00:12:54 --> 00:12:56 looking at how the surface is moving so
00:12:56 --> 00:12:59 that you can tell where something thing
00:12:59 --> 00:13:02 might be going wrong is this getting
00:13:02 --> 00:13:04 close to failure for example if a
00:13:04 --> 00:13:07 landslide is slipping and then put your
00:13:07 --> 00:13:10 ground attention on that point in 2015
00:13:10 --> 00:13:12 the airport had a major slope failure
00:13:12 --> 00:13:14 that created a huge Interruption to
00:13:14 --> 00:13:16 their operations and damag their safety
00:13:16 --> 00:13:18 overrun area then we designed the
00:13:18 --> 00:13:20 replacement wall at the end of the
00:13:20 --> 00:13:22 runway we have instrumentation in the
00:13:22 --> 00:13:25 wall we'll be using nysar to monitor the
00:13:25 --> 00:13:27 wall uh deformations and the surrounding
00:13:27 --> 00:13:29 area in the future so we think about the
00:13:29 --> 00:13:31 application of nysar to a project like
00:13:31 --> 00:13:34 this how does that feed into the overall
00:13:34 --> 00:13:37 mitigation so I think the the goal is be
00:13:37 --> 00:13:39 able to use nysar data as that early
00:13:39 --> 00:13:41 warning system it'll give us an alert
00:13:41 --> 00:13:43 that something is starting to move
00:13:43 --> 00:13:45 hopefully within plenty of time to take
00:13:45 --> 00:13:47 action to assess the problem and take
00:13:47 --> 00:13:50 remediation before it becomes a problem
00:13:50 --> 00:13:52 this instrument is going to give you an
00:13:52 --> 00:13:54 idea of what's happening over the whole
00:13:54 --> 00:13:57 system so in the context of dams or
00:13:57 --> 00:14:00 levies you can look at whether the slope
00:14:00 --> 00:14:03 of the dam is is somehow shifting we're
00:14:03 --> 00:14:04 interested in isar data cuz it'll
00:14:04 --> 00:14:07 provide us a good amount of information
00:14:07 --> 00:14:09 on a variety of our projects we have
00:14:09 --> 00:14:11 over 700 dams in our inventory we also
00:14:11 --> 00:14:14 have over 2 mil of Levy the core's
00:14:14 --> 00:14:16 responsibility is to make sure that it's
00:14:16 --> 00:14:18 functional and keeping people safe
00:14:18 --> 00:14:20 Downstream should a flood event occur
00:14:20 --> 00:14:22 the main purpose of our projects is for
00:14:22 --> 00:14:25 water supply Hydro power and flood
00:14:25 --> 00:14:28 control it's really difficult to monitor
00:14:28 --> 00:14:31 every point on every project but nysar
00:14:31 --> 00:14:33 will provide us good coverage of a lot
00:14:33 --> 00:14:35 of projects that are difficult to get to
00:14:35 --> 00:14:37 in remote areas that are very large and
00:14:37 --> 00:14:38 we can use that to supplement our
00:14:38 --> 00:14:40 existing monitoring programs to see are
00:14:41 --> 00:14:43 there any areas that we need to look at
00:14:43 --> 00:14:44 more closely add additional
00:14:44 --> 00:14:46 instrumentation uh basically as a
00:14:46 --> 00:14:48 screening level tool to see are there
00:14:48 --> 00:14:50 areas that we should be looking at that
00:14:50 --> 00:14:52 we're not already this is like the
00:14:52 --> 00:14:54 culmination of a dream to be able to
00:14:54 --> 00:14:57 have this instrument operating and
00:14:57 --> 00:14:59 providing this kind of data for
00:14:59 --> 00:15:00 everywhere and in that report from NASA
00:15:00 --> 00:15:03 TV we heard from Alan Caden principal
00:15:03 --> 00:15:05 with schnable engineering Ben Webster
00:15:05 --> 00:15:07 who's also with schnable engineering and
00:15:07 --> 00:15:09 Geet haapus principal geotechnical
00:15:10 --> 00:15:12 engineer with the US Army Corp of
00:15:12 --> 00:15:14 Engineers this is
00:15:14 --> 00:15:24 [Music]
00:15:27 --> 00:15:29 spacetime the holiday are all about
00:15:29 --> 00:15:31 sharing with family meals couches
00:15:31 --> 00:15:34 stories Grandma secret pecan pie recipe
00:15:34 --> 00:15:36 and now you can also share a cart with
00:15:36 --> 00:15:38 instacart's family carts everyone can
00:15:38 --> 00:15:39 add what they want to one group cart
00:15:39 --> 00:15:41 from wherever they are so you don't have
00:15:41 --> 00:15:43 to go from room to room to find out who
00:15:43 --> 00:15:45 wants cranberry sauce or who should get
00:15:45 --> 00:15:47 many marshmallows for the yams or
00:15:47 --> 00:15:48 collecting votes for sugar cookies
00:15:48 --> 00:15:50 versus shortbread just share a cart and
00:15:50 --> 00:15:52 then share the meals and the moments
00:15:52 --> 00:15:53 download the insta card app and get
00:15:53 --> 00:15:56 delivery in as fast as 30 minutes plus
00:15:56 --> 00:15:57 enjoy free delivery on your first three
00:15:57 --> 00:16:00 orders service and terms apply why get
00:16:00 --> 00:16:02 all your holiday decorations delivered
00:16:02 --> 00:16:05 through instacart because maybe you only
00:16:05 --> 00:16:07 bought two wreaths but you have 12
00:16:07 --> 00:16:09 windows or maybe your toddler got very
00:16:09 --> 00:16:11 eager with the Advent calendar or maybe
00:16:11 --> 00:16:13 the inflatable snowman didn't make it
00:16:13 --> 00:16:15 through the snowstorm or maybe the
00:16:15 --> 00:16:17 twinkle lights aren't twinkling whatever
00:16:18 --> 00:16:20 the reason this season instacart's here
00:16:20 --> 00:16:22 for host and their whole holiday haul
00:16:22 --> 00:16:24 get decorations from the Home Depot CVS
00:16:24 --> 00:16:26 and more through instacart and enjoy
00:16:26 --> 00:16:28 free delivery on your first three orders
00:16:28 --> 00:16:29 service fees in terms
00:16:29 --> 00:16:31 [Music]
00:16:31 --> 00:16:34 ofly and time now to take another brief
00:16:34 --> 00:16:35 look at some of the other stories making
00:16:35 --> 00:16:37 news and science this week with the
00:16:37 --> 00:16:40 science report the World Meteorological
00:16:40 --> 00:16:43 organization says 2024 is now on track
00:16:43 --> 00:16:46 to be the hottest year on record the
00:16:46 --> 00:16:48 findings released at the cop 29 climate
00:16:48 --> 00:16:51 change conference in Baku aaban follow
00:16:51 --> 00:16:53 an extended streak of exceptionally High
00:16:53 --> 00:16:56 monthly global average temperatures the
00:16:56 --> 00:16:58 authors say the latest wo state of the
00:16:58 --> 00:17:01 climate 24 update once again puts the
00:17:01 --> 00:17:03 world on red alert at the sheer pace of
00:17:03 --> 00:17:06 climate change in a single generation
00:17:06 --> 00:17:08 they say the increase in global
00:17:08 --> 00:17:10 temperatures is being caused by ever
00:17:10 --> 00:17:12 increasing greenhouse gas levels in the
00:17:12 --> 00:17:15 atmosphere the 10 years from 2015 to
00:17:15 --> 00:17:17 2024 will be the warmest decade on
00:17:17 --> 00:17:20 record the loss of ice from glaciers sea
00:17:20 --> 00:17:22 level rise and ocean heating are
00:17:22 --> 00:17:24 accelerating and extreme weather is
00:17:24 --> 00:17:26 wreaking havoc on communities and
00:17:26 --> 00:17:29 economies across the world the World
00:17:29 --> 00:17:31 Meteorological organization says China
00:17:31 --> 00:17:33 Remains the world's biggest carbon
00:17:33 --> 00:17:35 dioxide polluter producing over a third
00:17:35 --> 00:17:37 of the world's total output that amounts
00:17:38 --> 00:17:41 to over 10.2 million tons
00:17:41 --> 00:17:44 annually a new study has shown that ultr
00:17:44 --> 00:17:46 processed foods are now dominating diets
00:17:46 --> 00:17:49 globally the findings presented to the
00:17:49 --> 00:17:50 international Congress on Obesity
00:17:50 --> 00:17:52 suggest that ultra-processed foods are
00:17:52 --> 00:17:54 increasing their share of diets of
00:17:54 --> 00:17:56 people worldwide and that's despite the
00:17:56 --> 00:17:59 known risks they come with the studies
00:17:59 --> 00:18:01 authors say processed foods are already
00:18:01 --> 00:18:03 making up almost half of Australian
00:18:03 --> 00:18:05 diets Ultra processed foods have been
00:18:05 --> 00:18:08 linked to at least 25 chronic diseases
00:18:08 --> 00:18:09 and the authors are now recommending
00:18:09 --> 00:18:11 that ultra-processed food should be
00:18:11 --> 00:18:15 regulated in the same way as tobacco
00:18:15 --> 00:18:17 products a new study has shown that
00:18:17 --> 00:18:19 so-called toy dog types sprad for
00:18:20 --> 00:18:21 companionship have bigger brains
00:18:21 --> 00:18:23 relative to their body size while
00:18:23 --> 00:18:26 working dogs tend to have smaller brains
00:18:26 --> 00:18:28 researchers measure the volumes inside
00:18:28 --> 00:18:31 some 00 skulls in 170 different dog
00:18:31 --> 00:18:34 breeds as an indicator of brain size
00:18:34 --> 00:18:36 they found that they correlated to
00:18:36 --> 00:18:38 several behavioral traits dog breeds
00:18:38 --> 00:18:40 that were more fearful aggressive and
00:18:40 --> 00:18:42 attention seeking tended to have the
00:18:42 --> 00:18:44 largest brains compared to their body
00:18:44 --> 00:18:47 size while highly trainable breeds
00:18:47 --> 00:18:48 tended to have smaller brains relative
00:18:48 --> 00:18:51 to body size the findings reported in
00:18:51 --> 00:18:53 the journal biological letters shows how
00:18:53 --> 00:18:56 mammals brain sizes are changeable with
00:18:56 --> 00:19:00 domestication and artificial selection
00:19:00 --> 00:19:03 back in 1996 NASA carried out a
00:19:03 --> 00:19:05 fascinating experiment to generate
00:19:05 --> 00:19:07 electricity from the ionosphere using a
00:19:07 --> 00:19:09 small satellite Tethered to a space
00:19:09 --> 00:19:11 shuttle the experiment Bo the space
00:19:11 --> 00:19:14 shuttle Columbia during mission STS 75
00:19:14 --> 00:19:16 saw the deployment of the satellite
00:19:16 --> 00:19:18 using a conductive tether attached to
00:19:18 --> 00:19:20 the shuttle the tether satellite system
00:19:20 --> 00:19:23 circled the Earth at an altitude of 296
00:19:23 --> 00:19:25 km placing the tether system within the
00:19:25 --> 00:19:28 rarified electrically charged layer of
00:19:28 --> 00:19:30 the ionosphere SP now the electric
00:19:30 --> 00:19:32 conductor of the tether was a copper
00:19:32 --> 00:19:35 braid wound around a nomic string it was
00:19:35 --> 00:19:38 all encased in Teflon insulation with an
00:19:38 --> 00:19:40 outer cover of Kevlar inside a nylon
00:19:40 --> 00:19:42 sheath scientists hope to deploy the
00:19:42 --> 00:19:47 tether out to a distance of 207 km over
00:19:47 --> 00:19:50 5 hours some 19 km of tether was reeled
00:19:50 --> 00:19:53 out but then all of a sudden the tether
00:19:53 --> 00:19:55 snapped producing numerous pieces of
00:19:55 --> 00:19:57 floating debris through plasma discharge
00:19:57 --> 00:19:58 as well as the rupture of the tether
00:19:58 --> 00:20:01 itself the culprit turned out to be the
00:20:01 --> 00:20:02 in immerse core which was made of a
00:20:02 --> 00:20:04 porous metal which during its
00:20:04 --> 00:20:06 manufacturer trapped bubbles of air at
00:20:06 --> 00:20:09 atmospheric pressure later vacuum
00:20:09 --> 00:20:11 chamber experiments suggested that the
00:20:11 --> 00:20:13 unwinding of the real uncovered pin
00:20:13 --> 00:20:16 holes within the insulation now that in
00:20:16 --> 00:20:17 itself would not have caused a major
00:20:17 --> 00:20:19 problem because the honos around the
00:20:19 --> 00:20:21 tether under normal circumstances would
00:20:21 --> 00:20:23 have been too rarify to divert much of
00:20:23 --> 00:20:26 the current however the air trapped
00:20:26 --> 00:20:28 within the insulation changed that as as
00:20:28 --> 00:20:30 the air bubbled out of the pin holes the
00:20:30 --> 00:20:33 high 3 volts of the nearby tether
00:20:33 --> 00:20:35 converted it into a relatively dense
00:20:35 --> 00:20:37 plasma making it a much better conductor
00:20:37 --> 00:20:40 of electricity and this plasma diverted
00:20:40 --> 00:20:42 to the metal of the shuttle and from
00:20:42 --> 00:20:45 there to the ionospheric return circuit
00:20:45 --> 00:20:47 that current was enough to melt the
00:20:47 --> 00:20:50 cable well that's the science however
00:20:50 --> 00:20:52 UFO fans have come up with a very
00:20:53 --> 00:20:55 different takeaway message and of course
00:20:55 --> 00:20:58 it involves alien life but Tim mum from
00:20:58 --> 00:21:00 strin skeptic says astronauts including
00:21:01 --> 00:21:02 one involved in the experiment say
00:21:02 --> 00:21:04 they've never seen any evidence of alien
00:21:04 --> 00:21:07 life this satellite launched and the
00:21:07 --> 00:21:08 tether of the Rope that's connecting it
00:21:08 --> 00:21:10 to the like an umbilical Court
00:21:10 --> 00:21:11 connecting it to the Space Shuttle
00:21:11 --> 00:21:14 apparently broke snapped and this
00:21:14 --> 00:21:15 astronaut who was actually on that space
00:21:15 --> 00:21:18 shuttle his name was Tom Jones unusual
00:21:18 --> 00:21:21 That's Not Unusual uh he said no these
00:21:21 --> 00:21:22 all these things that were around it
00:21:22 --> 00:21:24 everyone was saying it's all UFO is
00:21:24 --> 00:21:26 interested in the satellite Etc little
00:21:26 --> 00:21:27 spots and dots and you blobs he was
00:21:27 --> 00:21:31 saying that Readiness to suggest a UFO
00:21:31 --> 00:21:33 alien extraterrestrial explanation for
00:21:33 --> 00:21:35 things is pretty common and the
00:21:35 --> 00:21:37 astronauts themselves get confronted
00:21:37 --> 00:21:38 with these views quite readily and he
00:21:39 --> 00:21:40 says but as far as he knows no
00:21:40 --> 00:21:41 astronauts have actually seen any
00:21:41 --> 00:21:43 evidence of alien life and he's been up
00:21:43 --> 00:21:45 four times I think in the space shuttle
00:21:45 --> 00:21:47 there was one astronaut who's cited a
00:21:47 --> 00:21:48 lot by the UFO community and that's
00:21:49 --> 00:21:51 Edgar Mitchell who was the sixth man to
00:21:51 --> 00:21:53 walk on the moon and he is said that he
00:21:53 --> 00:21:54 believes in alien life and that he's
00:21:54 --> 00:21:57 seen evidence of it and UFOs and all
00:21:57 --> 00:21:58 sorts of things and he's been going
00:21:58 --> 00:21:59 around for years although he's passed
00:21:59 --> 00:22:01 away now I saw him once way back when in
00:22:01 --> 00:22:04 the in the dim Darkness ages and I was
00:22:04 --> 00:22:05 quite disappointed with him because he
00:22:05 --> 00:22:06 obviously comes from a bit of a
00:22:06 --> 00:22:08 technical background but he was applying
00:22:08 --> 00:22:10 totally non-technical reasons to his
00:22:10 --> 00:22:12 belief but anyway he's been cited many
00:22:12 --> 00:22:14 times he's the hero a bit of the UFO
00:22:14 --> 00:22:15 Community he's the astronaut you know
00:22:15 --> 00:22:17 the one who should know but according to
00:22:17 --> 00:22:19 Tom Jones every other astronaut no other
00:22:19 --> 00:22:21 astronaut has ever seen any evidence of
00:22:21 --> 00:22:22 this sort of thing and anything they've
00:22:22 --> 00:22:24 seen which is strange they can explain
00:22:24 --> 00:22:25 right and that's the big thing is that
00:22:25 --> 00:22:27 an unidentified flying object is
00:22:27 --> 00:22:30 unidentified until someone identifies it
00:22:30 --> 00:22:31 so the interesting story he was actually
00:22:31 --> 00:22:34 interviewed for the Smithsonian and put
00:22:34 --> 00:22:35 out the story astronauts have not seen
00:22:35 --> 00:22:37 any evidence of alien life and he used
00:22:37 --> 00:22:40 the tether incident to actually give an
00:22:40 --> 00:22:42 example of how people misinterpreted a
00:22:42 --> 00:22:44 quite normal explicable event people
00:22:44 --> 00:22:46 applied alien solutions to it alien
00:22:46 --> 00:22:48 explanations for it looking at what's
00:22:48 --> 00:22:50 happened to this planet over the last
00:22:50 --> 00:22:53 few centuries any self-respecting alien
00:22:53 --> 00:22:55 life form flying past would immediately
00:22:55 --> 00:22:57 wind up the windows and lock the doors
00:22:57 --> 00:22:59 and keep on going yeah yeah they
00:22:59 --> 00:23:00 wouldn't hang around here it's a bad
00:23:00 --> 00:23:02 neighborhood that's timendum from
00:23:02 --> 00:23:06 Australian
00:23:06 --> 00:23:18 [Music]
00:23:18 --> 00:23:21 Skeptics and that's the show for now
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00:24:13 --> 00:24:15 you've been listening to SpaceTime with
00:24:15 --> 00:24:17 Stuart Gary this has been another
00:24:17 --> 00:24:19 quality podcast production from
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00:24:22 --> 00:24:25 when shopping for Black Friday Appliance
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00:24:56 --> 00:25:09 [Music]
00:25:21 --> 00:25:25 niss the Bose corporation