SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 143
* The Milky Way: An Unusual Galaxy
A new study reveals that our Milky Way galaxy is an outlier among similar galaxies, challenging the assumption that it is a typical model for understanding galactic formation and evolution. Published in the Astrophysical Journal, the research highlights differences in the Milky Way's evolutionary history compared to other galaxies of similar mass. The Satellite Surround Galactic Analogues (SEGA) survey has identified 101 Milky Way-like analogues, revealing that the Milky Way hosts fewer satellite dwarf galaxies than its peers. Additionally, star formation in the Milky Way's satellite galaxies is less active, raising questions about its unique galactic environment.
* Europe's Prober 3 Mission to Study the Sun
All systems are go for the European Space Agency's Prober 3 mission, set to launch next month to study the Sun's corona. This double-satellite mission will create artificial eclipses, allowing for prolonged observations of the Sun's atmosphere. The mission will employ precise formation flying, with one satellite blocking the Sun's disc for the other, enabling extended studies of the solar corona, the source of solar wind and Space weather.
* Australia's Secret Satellite Launch
A classified mission for Optus and the Australian Defence Force has been launched by SpaceX. The mission, known as TD7, involves a military telecommunications satellite placed into geostationary orbit. Built by Northrop Grumman, the satellite is designed for future mission extensions. The launch marks SpaceX's 16th mission for the same Falcon 9 booster, which successfully returned to Earth.
The Science Report
The World Health Organisation reports a surge in measles cases worldwide, with 10.3 million cases last year. A new study finds accelerated ice loss in an Alaskan ice field since 2005, contributing to sea level rise. Japanese scientists discover that domestic cats can associate human words with images without rewards. Norton issues a cyber warning on rising scam tactics and malware threats. Meanwhile, OpenAI considers developing its own web browser amidst debates on internet censorship and digital ID in Australia.
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00:00 This is space time series 27 episode 143 for broadcast on 27 November 2024
00:48 New study finds Milky Way is an outlier among similar galaxies
06:01 ESA's Prober 3 mission to study the sun will launch next month
08:20 Two satellites will fly together as one with millimetre level control
12:35 SpaceX has just launched a classified mission for Optus and the Australian Defence Force
15:31 World Health Organisation warns measles cases have now surged across the world
21:08 Department of Justice asking Google to consider breaking up with Chrome
22:07 It looks like the Internet censorship bill will be defeated in the Senate
Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/24311608?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 this is spacetime series 27 episode 143
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 for broadcast on the 27th of November
00:00:06 --> 00:00:10 2024 coming up on SpaceTime a new study
00:00:10 --> 00:00:12 shows that our Milky Way galaxy isn't
00:00:12 --> 00:00:14 typical getting ready for liftoff on
00:00:15 --> 00:00:17 Europe's proba 3 mission to study the
00:00:17 --> 00:00:19 sun's Corona and you probably haven't
00:00:19 --> 00:00:21 heard about it but a secret Australian
00:00:22 --> 00:00:23 military satellite has just been
00:00:23 --> 00:00:28 launched all that and more coming up on
00:00:28 --> 00:00:31 SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with
00:00:31 --> 00:00:33 Stuart
00:00:33 --> 00:00:40 [Music]
00:00:47 --> 00:00:50 Gary a new study surveying our part of
00:00:50 --> 00:00:51 the universe has discovered that our
00:00:51 --> 00:00:54 Milky Way galaxy isn't typical but
00:00:54 --> 00:00:57 rather an outlier among similar galaxies
00:00:57 --> 00:00:59 the findings reported in the
00:00:59 --> 00:01:01 astrophysical Journal is based on three
00:01:01 --> 00:01:03 new studies which are raising serious
00:01:03 --> 00:01:05 questions about whether the Milky Way is
00:01:05 --> 00:01:07 truly representative of other galaxies
00:01:07 --> 00:01:10 in the universe one of the stud's
00:01:10 --> 00:01:12 authors Rea vesler from Stanford
00:01:12 --> 00:01:14 University says that for decades now
00:01:14 --> 00:01:16 scientists have been using the Milky Way
00:01:16 --> 00:01:18 as a model for understanding how
00:01:18 --> 00:01:21 galaxies form and evolve and the Milky
00:01:21 --> 00:01:23 Way has been an incredible laboratory
00:01:23 --> 00:01:24 including for the physics of Galaxy
00:01:24 --> 00:01:27 formation and the physics of dark matter
00:01:27 --> 00:01:30 but for a long time astronomers have UND
00:01:30 --> 00:01:31 stood that the Milky Way is only one
00:01:31 --> 00:01:34 system and it may not be typical of how
00:01:34 --> 00:01:36 other galaxies are formed that's why
00:01:36 --> 00:01:38 it's crucial to find other similar
00:01:38 --> 00:01:40 galaxies and then compare them so to
00:01:40 --> 00:01:42 achieve that goal wesler co-founded the
00:01:42 --> 00:01:44 satellites around Galactic analogs or
00:01:44 --> 00:01:47 Sega survey dedicated to comparing
00:01:47 --> 00:01:49 galaxies similar in Mass to our Milky
00:01:49 --> 00:01:52 Way after more than a decade of scanning
00:01:52 --> 00:01:54 the Sega team identified and studied 101
00:01:54 --> 00:01:57 Milky Way like analoges as a first step
00:01:57 --> 00:01:59 in its ongoing research the results
00:01:59 --> 00:02:01 reveal that in many ways The
00:02:01 --> 00:02:03 evolutionary history of the Milky Way is
00:02:03 --> 00:02:05 different from other comparable sized
00:02:05 --> 00:02:08 galaxies see our Milky Ways made of
00:02:08 --> 00:02:10 ordinary Atomic matter like hydrogen
00:02:10 --> 00:02:12 helium iron and other elements in the
00:02:12 --> 00:02:14 periodic table but of course the thing
00:02:14 --> 00:02:16 is ordinary matter what we call bionic
00:02:16 --> 00:02:19 matter only accounts for about 15% of
00:02:19 --> 00:02:21 all the matter in the universe the
00:02:22 --> 00:02:25 remaining 85% is a mysterious invisible
00:02:25 --> 00:02:28 substance we call Dark Matter dark
00:02:28 --> 00:02:30 because we have no idea what it is
00:02:30 --> 00:02:32 no one knows what dark matter is made of
00:02:32 --> 00:02:34 because it simply doesn't interact with
00:02:34 --> 00:02:37 ordinary matter or energy but we know it
00:02:37 --> 00:02:39 exists because we can see its
00:02:39 --> 00:02:41 gravitational interaction with normal
00:02:41 --> 00:02:43 matter the current hypothesis suggest
00:02:43 --> 00:02:45 that galaxies tend to form inside
00:02:46 --> 00:02:48 massive regions of Dark Matter known as
00:02:48 --> 00:02:51 dark matter Halos a dark matter Halo may
00:02:51 --> 00:02:53 be invisible but its enormous size
00:02:53 --> 00:02:54 creates a gravitational force strong
00:02:54 --> 00:02:56 enough to pull in ordinary matter from
00:02:56 --> 00:02:59 the surrounding space and then transform
00:02:59 --> 00:03:01 it into Stars galaxies so a key
00:03:01 --> 00:03:04 objective of the Sega survey has been to
00:03:04 --> 00:03:06 determine how dark matter Halos impact
00:03:06 --> 00:03:09 Galactic Evolution to begin the Sega
00:03:09 --> 00:03:11 team focused on Galactic satellites
00:03:11 --> 00:03:13 smaller dwarf galaxies that orbit much
00:03:14 --> 00:03:16 larger host galaxies like the Milky Way
00:03:16 --> 00:03:18 the authors looked at four of the Milky
00:03:18 --> 00:03:20 Way's brightest satellite galaxies
00:03:20 --> 00:03:22 including the two biggest known as the
00:03:22 --> 00:03:25 large and small melenic clouds they then
00:03:25 --> 00:03:27 undertook a painstaking search for
00:03:27 --> 00:03:29 satellite galaxies around other HSE
00:03:29 --> 00:03:31 galaxies similar mass to the Milky Way
00:03:31 --> 00:03:34 eventually they identified 378 satellite
00:03:34 --> 00:03:37 dwarf galaxies surrounding the 101 Milky
00:03:37 --> 00:03:40 Way like hosts the authors eventually
00:03:40 --> 00:03:41 found that the number of satellites per
00:03:42 --> 00:03:45 host Galaxy ranges from 0 to 13 and of
00:03:45 --> 00:03:47 course the Milky Ways for observable
00:03:47 --> 00:03:50 satellites fit well within that range
00:03:50 --> 00:03:52 but the study also revealed that host
00:03:52 --> 00:03:54 galaxies with large satellites similar
00:03:54 --> 00:03:55 in size to the Milky Way's large and
00:03:55 --> 00:03:58 small melenic clouds tend to have more
00:03:58 --> 00:04:00 satellites overall
00:04:00 --> 00:04:02 so the Milky Way actually hosts fewer
00:04:02 --> 00:04:05 satellite dwarfs than similar galaxies
00:04:05 --> 00:04:07 and that makes it an outlier among its
00:04:07 --> 00:04:10 peers now a second study focused on Star
00:04:10 --> 00:04:12 formation Within These satellite
00:04:12 --> 00:04:14 galaxies an important metric for
00:04:14 --> 00:04:16 understanding how galaxies evolve the
00:04:16 --> 00:04:19 study found that in a typical HSE Galaxy
00:04:19 --> 00:04:21 smaller satellite galaxies are still
00:04:21 --> 00:04:24 vigorously forming Stars the problem is
00:04:24 --> 00:04:26 in the Milky Way star formation really
00:04:27 --> 00:04:28 only occurs in the large and small
00:04:28 --> 00:04:30 melenic clouds
00:04:30 --> 00:04:32 all the other smaller galaxies orbiting
00:04:32 --> 00:04:34 the Milky Way stopped forming Stars long
00:04:34 --> 00:04:36 ago and that raises an interesting
00:04:36 --> 00:04:39 question what is it about the Milky Way
00:04:39 --> 00:04:40 that caused all these other small low
00:04:40 --> 00:04:43 mass satellite galaxies to quench their
00:04:43 --> 00:04:46 star formation maybe unlike a typical
00:04:46 --> 00:04:48 host galaxy The Milky Way has a unique
00:04:48 --> 00:04:50 combination of older satellite galaxies
00:04:50 --> 00:04:52 that have already ceased their star
00:04:52 --> 00:04:54 formation and newer active ones like the
00:04:54 --> 00:04:56 large and small magic clouds are only
00:04:56 --> 00:04:58 recent additions that fell into the
00:04:58 --> 00:05:01 Milky Ways dark matter Halo the study
00:05:01 --> 00:05:03 also found that star formation typically
00:05:03 --> 00:05:05 stops in Satellite galaxies located
00:05:05 --> 00:05:08 closer to the H Galaxy perhaps because
00:05:08 --> 00:05:09 of the gravitational pull of Dark Matter
00:05:10 --> 00:05:13 halos in and around that host Galaxy and
00:05:13 --> 00:05:14 of course there are lots of other
00:05:14 --> 00:05:16 questions such as the location of the
00:05:16 --> 00:05:19 Milky Way within our galaxy cluster the
00:05:19 --> 00:05:20 distance of the Milky Way galaxy from
00:05:20 --> 00:05:23 the nearest large void and the position
00:05:23 --> 00:05:25 of the Milky Way galaxy and its Galaxy
00:05:25 --> 00:05:28 cluster within the larger Cosmic web of
00:05:28 --> 00:05:29 the universe
00:05:29 --> 00:05:33 this is spacetime still to come Europe's
00:05:33 --> 00:05:35 proba 3 spacecraft ready for launch to
00:05:36 --> 00:05:38 study the sun's Corona and you may not
00:05:38 --> 00:05:40 have heard about it but Australia's just
00:05:40 --> 00:05:43 had a secret military satellite launched
00:05:43 --> 00:05:45 all that and more still to come on space
00:05:45 --> 00:05:48 time
00:05:48 --> 00:06:01 [Music]
00:06:01 --> 00:06:03 well all systems are now go for next
00:06:03 --> 00:06:05 month's launch of the European space
00:06:05 --> 00:06:07 agency's new proba 3 mission to study
00:06:07 --> 00:06:10 the Sun the double satellite is the most
00:06:10 --> 00:06:12 ambitious member yet of isa's prob
00:06:12 --> 00:06:15 family of experimental missions it
00:06:15 --> 00:06:17 consists of two spacecraft known simply
00:06:17 --> 00:06:21 as CSC and osc they fly together as one
00:06:21 --> 00:06:24 unit maintaining precise formation right
00:06:24 --> 00:06:26 down to the millimeter one of the
00:06:26 --> 00:06:28 spacecraft will block out the fiery disc
00:06:28 --> 00:06:29 of the Sun for the other in order to
00:06:29 --> 00:06:31 enable prolonged observations of the
00:06:31 --> 00:06:33 sun's surrounding atmosphere the corona
00:06:33 --> 00:06:35 which is the source of the solar wind
00:06:35 --> 00:06:37 and space weather usually the corona can
00:06:37 --> 00:06:39 only be glimpsed for a few minutes
00:06:39 --> 00:06:42 during terrestrial total solar eclipses
00:06:42 --> 00:06:44 so Probot 3 aims to reproduce such
00:06:44 --> 00:06:47 eclipses for up to 6 hours at a time by
00:06:47 --> 00:06:49 flying in a highly elliptical orbit
00:06:49 --> 00:06:52 taking it more than 60 km above the
00:06:52 --> 00:06:56 Earth the CSC is a 300 kg mini satellite
00:06:56 --> 00:06:58 hosting the chronograph and the shadow
00:06:58 --> 00:07:00 position sensors
00:07:00 --> 00:07:01 it's equipped with a monopropellant
00:07:01 --> 00:07:03 propulsion system in order to perform
00:07:03 --> 00:07:05 large Delta V Maneuvers necessary for
00:07:06 --> 00:07:08 formation acquisition and braking it
00:07:08 --> 00:07:09 also hosts the targets used by the
00:07:10 --> 00:07:11 Metrology Optical heads on the board of
00:07:12 --> 00:07:15 its sister spacecraft the osc the osc
00:07:15 --> 00:07:17 itself is a 250 kg mini satellite
00:07:17 --> 00:07:20 hosting the laser and visual Metrology
00:07:20 --> 00:07:23 Optical heads it features a 1.4 M
00:07:23 --> 00:07:26 diameter optical disc the shape of its
00:07:26 --> 00:07:28 Rim is intended to reduce the amount of
00:07:28 --> 00:07:30 Sude fracted light and entering the
00:07:30 --> 00:07:32 chronograph the USC uses a low thrust
00:07:32 --> 00:07:34 cold gas propulsion system that will
00:07:34 --> 00:07:37 enable a fine position control required
00:07:37 --> 00:07:40 for formation flying the primary payload
00:07:40 --> 00:07:42 is of course the chronograph itself it
00:07:42 --> 00:07:44 follows the design concept of a
00:07:44 --> 00:07:46 classical externally occulted leot
00:07:46 --> 00:07:48 chronograph with the external culter
00:07:48 --> 00:07:50 physically attached to the osc while the
00:07:50 --> 00:07:52 rest of the instrument package is on the
00:07:52 --> 00:07:54 CSC the chronograph will observe the
00:07:55 --> 00:07:57 solar Corona through refractive Optics
00:07:57 --> 00:07:59 able to select three different spectral
00:07:59 --> 00:08:00 bands
00:08:00 --> 00:08:02 a second scientific payload hosted on
00:08:02 --> 00:08:05 the osc is the Davos absolute radiometer
00:08:05 --> 00:08:08 which will measure total solar Radiance
00:08:08 --> 00:08:10 the two spacecraft are being launched
00:08:10 --> 00:08:12 together by ISRO the Indian space
00:08:12 --> 00:08:14 research organization aboard one of its
00:08:14 --> 00:08:17 pslv XL launch vehicles from the shsh
00:08:17 --> 00:08:20 dwan Space Center on December the 4th
00:08:20 --> 00:08:24 this report from isv prober from the
00:08:24 --> 00:08:27 Latin for let's try is EA's family of
00:08:27 --> 00:08:30 experimental small satellites
00:08:30 --> 00:08:32 over the last two decades probam
00:08:32 --> 00:08:34 missions have pushed forward space
00:08:34 --> 00:08:36 flight technology while Gathering
00:08:36 --> 00:08:39 valuable science data the next in the
00:08:39 --> 00:08:44 series proba 3 is the most ambitious yet
00:08:44 --> 00:08:47 two satellites will fly together as one
00:08:47 --> 00:08:49 with millimeter level control of their
00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 positions within a precise
00:08:51 --> 00:08:54 formation in the process one will
00:08:54 --> 00:08:58 eclipse or block the Sun for the other
00:08:58 --> 00:09:00 to reveal Our Stars faint surrounding
00:09:00 --> 00:09:03 coronal atmosphere for scientific
00:09:03 --> 00:09:06 observation liftoff will take place
00:09:06 --> 00:09:08 where the proba story began India's
00:09:08 --> 00:09:11 Satish Duan Space Center site of proba
00:09:11 --> 00:09:14 one's launch in
00:09:14 --> 00:09:17 2001 proba 3 requires a unique orbit
00:09:18 --> 00:09:21 making the powerful pslv XL launcher
00:09:21 --> 00:09:23 developed by the Indian space research
00:09:23 --> 00:09:26 organization the perfect choice for
00:09:26 --> 00:09:30 launch with proba 3 as it so passenger
00:09:30 --> 00:09:32 the launch vehicle can perform a
00:09:32 --> 00:09:34 tailored orbit insertion setting the
00:09:34 --> 00:09:38 mission on course the two proba 3
00:09:38 --> 00:09:40 satellites will travel to space stacked
00:09:40 --> 00:09:43 together topmost is the Ulta spacecraft
00:09:43 --> 00:09:47 with its 1.4 M diameter ulting disc
00:09:47 --> 00:09:50 which will observe the Sun and
00:09:50 --> 00:09:53 eclipse the satellite's orbit is highly
00:09:53 --> 00:09:56 elliptical taking them to a maximum of
00:09:56 --> 00:10:00 60 km from Earth
00:10:00 --> 00:10:03 gravitational magnetic and Atmospheric
00:10:03 --> 00:10:05 perturbations are much lower this far
00:10:05 --> 00:10:08 out this will make possible the precise
00:10:08 --> 00:10:10 positioning needed for formation flying
00:10:10 --> 00:10:12 and observing the sun's
00:10:12 --> 00:10:15 Corona once separated from their
00:10:15 --> 00:10:17 launcher the conjoined satellites need
00:10:17 --> 00:10:19 to come to
00:10:19 --> 00:10:22 life the spacecraft will Orient their
00:10:22 --> 00:10:24 respective solar panels to the Sun to
00:10:24 --> 00:10:26 acquire a sufficient power to wake up
00:10:26 --> 00:10:29 onboard systems and allow commissioning
00:10:29 --> 00:10:31 to
00:10:31 --> 00:10:33 begin only once their joint
00:10:33 --> 00:10:35 commissioning is complete will the
00:10:35 --> 00:10:38 spacecraft be
00:10:38 --> 00:10:40 separated then they will begin their
00:10:40 --> 00:10:42 individual commissioning and enter their
00:10:42 --> 00:10:43 initial
00:10:43 --> 00:10:45 [Music]
00:10:45 --> 00:10:48 formation at this stage it is important
00:10:48 --> 00:10:50 that the proba 3 satellites perform a
00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 series of Maneuvers to position
00:10:52 --> 00:10:54 themselves in relatively safe orbits
00:10:54 --> 00:10:57 with respective to each
00:10:57 --> 00:11:00 other achieving this nullif any risk of
00:11:00 --> 00:11:02 the pair either drifting away from each
00:11:02 --> 00:11:05 other or
00:11:05 --> 00:11:07 colliding after all commissioning checks
00:11:07 --> 00:11:09 are complete the pair will be ready for
00:11:10 --> 00:11:12 their first flight in precise
00:11:12 --> 00:11:15 formation the separation between
00:11:15 --> 00:11:18 spacecraft will be as short as 25 M and
00:11:18 --> 00:11:21 as long as 250 M with a nominal
00:11:21 --> 00:11:26 separation of around 150 M the pair will
00:11:26 --> 00:11:28 determine their relative positions using
00:11:28 --> 00:11:31 a sweet of metrologies including radio
00:11:31 --> 00:11:33 links satellite navigation and the
00:11:34 --> 00:11:36 visual based system with Optical
00:11:36 --> 00:11:38 tracking of blinking
00:11:38 --> 00:11:41 lights once sufficient accuracy has been
00:11:41 --> 00:11:43 achieved the final step will be to
00:11:43 --> 00:11:45 deploy the most precise measuring system
00:11:45 --> 00:11:49 of all the laser Metrology system known
00:11:49 --> 00:11:52 as the fine lateral and longitudinal
00:11:52 --> 00:11:55 sensor with this laser link the total
00:11:55 --> 00:11:57 three-dimensional formation can attain
00:11:57 --> 00:12:00 millimeter level control
00:12:00 --> 00:12:03 at this point the Ulta lined up with the
00:12:03 --> 00:12:06 sun will cast a perfect Shadow for
00:12:06 --> 00:12:08 sustained observation of the sun's
00:12:08 --> 00:12:10 otherwise invisible
00:12:10 --> 00:12:13 Corona once the Ulta Shadow is
00:12:13 --> 00:12:15 maintained in just the right spot on the
00:12:15 --> 00:12:17 face of the other satellite it will be
00:12:18 --> 00:12:20 safe for the coronagraph to open its
00:12:20 --> 00:12:22 protective door and start scientific
00:12:22 --> 00:12:25 observations of the sun's
00:12:25 --> 00:12:27 Corona solar scientists travel the world
00:12:27 --> 00:12:30 to Glimpse brief solar eclipses but
00:12:30 --> 00:12:35 prober 3 will create eclipses on demand
00:12:35 --> 00:12:38 this SpaceTime still to come you may not
00:12:38 --> 00:12:40 have heard about it but Australia has
00:12:40 --> 00:12:42 just had a secret military satellite
00:12:42 --> 00:12:44 launched we'll have all the details
00:12:44 --> 00:12:46 shortly and later in the science report
00:12:46 --> 00:12:48 a new study has shown something most
00:12:48 --> 00:12:50 people already know house cats can
00:12:50 --> 00:12:52 associate human words with images
00:12:52 --> 00:12:55 without any prompting or rewards all
00:12:55 --> 00:13:00 that and more still to come on SpaceTime
00:13:00 --> 00:13:13 [Music]
00:13:13 --> 00:13:15 SpaceX has just launched a classified
00:13:15 --> 00:13:17 mission for Opus and the Australian
00:13:17 --> 00:13:19 Defense Force the flight aboard a Falcon
00:13:19 --> 00:13:22 9 rocket from space launch complex 39a
00:13:22 --> 00:13:24 at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida
00:13:24 --> 00:13:26 placed the so-called opas X payload into
00:13:26 --> 00:13:29 a geostationary orbit at an altitude of
00:13:29 --> 00:13:32 36 km now SpaceX haven't released
00:13:32 --> 00:13:34 any details of the mission which is
00:13:34 --> 00:13:37 simply known as td7 but it appears to be
00:13:37 --> 00:13:39 a classified military telecommunication
00:13:39 --> 00:13:41 satellite built by Northrup grman
00:13:41 --> 00:13:44 innnovation system subsidiary space
00:13:44 --> 00:13:46 Logistics the new robotic capable
00:13:46 --> 00:13:48 spacecraft is designed to allow AEM
00:13:48 --> 00:13:50 Mission extension pod to be docked to it
00:13:50 --> 00:13:53 in the future we think Opus X was built
00:13:53 --> 00:13:57 on a geostar 3 BS now the X could refer
00:13:57 --> 00:13:59 to a military xand payload similar to
00:13:59 --> 00:14:01 that which was previously employed by
00:14:01 --> 00:14:05 Opus on its 2003 duul use C1 satellite
00:14:05 --> 00:14:07 you may recall we cover that spacecraft
00:14:07 --> 00:14:09 at the time on Star staff it was
00:14:09 --> 00:14:12 partially funded by the ADF and included
00:14:12 --> 00:14:14 dual military and civilian payloads on
00:14:14 --> 00:14:17 the one platform Opus were pretty open
00:14:17 --> 00:14:19 about that launch so why they're being
00:14:19 --> 00:14:21 so secretive this time around is hard to
00:14:21 --> 00:14:24 Fathom the adf's military satellite
00:14:24 --> 00:14:26 Communications or milsatcom includes
00:14:26 --> 00:14:29 space ground and control segment asset
00:14:29 --> 00:14:31 sets its various systems are operated
00:14:31 --> 00:14:32 through a special agreement with
00:14:32 --> 00:14:34 industry Partners such as Opus and the
00:14:34 --> 00:14:37 US government we know that the Opus
00:14:37 --> 00:14:39 satellite was the only payload on board
00:14:39 --> 00:14:42 the flight that suggest it was close to
00:14:42 --> 00:14:45 the Falcon 99's launch capacity the
00:14:45 --> 00:14:47 flight was the 16th launch for the same
00:14:47 --> 00:14:49 first Edge booster which then
00:14:49 --> 00:14:50 successfully returned to Earth landing
00:14:50 --> 00:14:52 on the Drone ship a short full of
00:14:52 --> 00:14:54 Gravitas which had been pre-positioned
00:14:54 --> 00:14:57 down range in the North Atlantic ocean
00:14:57 --> 00:14:59 space Logistics say its submission
00:14:59 --> 00:15:01 extension robot servicing spacecraft
00:15:01 --> 00:15:03 should be ready to fly next year it'll
00:15:03 --> 00:15:05 provide a significant advantage to
00:15:05 --> 00:15:07 orbiting Satellites by extending their
00:15:07 --> 00:15:08 lives by adding a customer control
00:15:08 --> 00:15:11 propulsion augmentation extension pod to
00:15:11 --> 00:15:14 the spacecraft while in orbit this is
00:15:14 --> 00:15:15 spacetime
00:15:15 --> 00:15:31 [Music]
00:15:31 --> 00:15:32 and time now to take another brief look
00:15:32 --> 00:15:34 at some of the other stories making news
00:15:34 --> 00:15:36 and science this week with the science
00:15:36 --> 00:15:38 report the World Health Organization is
00:15:38 --> 00:15:40 warning that measel cases have now
00:15:40 --> 00:15:42 surged across the world with an
00:15:42 --> 00:15:45 estimated 10.3 million cases last year
00:15:45 --> 00:15:48 that's a 20% increase over
00:15:48 --> 00:15:51 2022 the wh's morbidity and mortality
00:15:51 --> 00:15:53 weekly report found a lack of
00:15:53 --> 00:15:56 immunization coverage was the driving
00:15:56 --> 00:15:59 force for the searching cases as a
00:15:59 --> 00:16:01 result of global gaps in vaccination
00:16:01 --> 00:16:03 coverage 57 countries experienced large
00:16:04 --> 00:16:06 or disruptive measles outbreaks in 2023
00:16:06 --> 00:16:08 affecting all regions including the
00:16:08 --> 00:16:10 Western Pacific which experienced a
00:16:10 --> 00:16:12 substantial up search in
00:16:13 --> 00:16:15 cases a new study is found that a large
00:16:15 --> 00:16:18 ice field in Alaska has been losing ice
00:16:18 --> 00:16:21 at an accelerated rate since 2005
00:16:21 --> 00:16:23 compared to its average ice loss rate
00:16:23 --> 00:16:26 over the past 250 years the findings
00:16:26 --> 00:16:28 reported in the journal Nature are based
00:16:28 --> 00:16:30 on D detailed historical records aerial
00:16:30 --> 00:16:32 photographs 3D terrain maps and
00:16:32 --> 00:16:34 satellite imagery designed to determine
00:16:35 --> 00:16:37 the ice Field's Behavior over the past 2
00:16:37 --> 00:16:39 and 1/2 centuries scientist found that
00:16:39 --> 00:16:43 between 1770 and 1970 the glit started
00:16:43 --> 00:16:46 losing approximately 0.65 cubic kilm per
00:16:46 --> 00:16:49 year that increased to approximately 3
00:16:49 --> 00:16:51 cubic kilm annually between 1970 and
00:16:52 --> 00:16:55 2010 and then it nearly doubled to 5.9
00:16:55 --> 00:16:59 cubic km per year between 2010 and 2020
00:16:59 --> 00:17:01 as Alaskan Glaciers are especially
00:17:01 --> 00:17:03 vulnerable to climate change the authors
00:17:03 --> 00:17:04 say that these ice Fields will become
00:17:05 --> 00:17:06 one of the largest contributors to sea
00:17:07 --> 00:17:08 level
00:17:08 --> 00:17:10 rise well if you have a family cat
00:17:10 --> 00:17:12 living at your place you already know
00:17:12 --> 00:17:15 this but scientists in Japan have shown
00:17:15 --> 00:17:17 that domestic house cats are capable of
00:17:17 --> 00:17:19 associating human words with images
00:17:19 --> 00:17:22 without any prompting or reward the
00:17:22 --> 00:17:23 findings published in the journal
00:17:23 --> 00:17:25 scientific reports a based on test in
00:17:25 --> 00:17:27 which cats looked at images on a
00:17:27 --> 00:17:29 computer screen see they formed
00:17:29 --> 00:17:31 associations between images and spoken
00:17:32 --> 00:17:34 words now previous research has already
00:17:34 --> 00:17:36 shown the cats know their names and they
00:17:36 --> 00:17:39 know numerous keywords and phrases other
00:17:39 --> 00:17:41 experiments have also shown that cats
00:17:41 --> 00:17:43 can match photos of people they know to
00:17:43 --> 00:17:45 their names but this new research
00:17:45 --> 00:17:48 confirms that cats actually understand
00:17:48 --> 00:17:51 many of the words spoken to them so to
00:17:51 --> 00:17:53 find out if cats have the ability to
00:17:53 --> 00:17:55 match a word with an object the authors
00:17:55 --> 00:17:58 enlisted 31 volunteer adult house cats
00:17:58 --> 00:17:59 each was given given a word test
00:17:59 --> 00:18:01 originally designed to learn more about
00:18:01 --> 00:18:03 word association in growing human
00:18:03 --> 00:18:05 infants and these involved being shown
00:18:05 --> 00:18:08 short animations while the images were
00:18:08 --> 00:18:11 being displayed a nonsensical word was
00:18:11 --> 00:18:14 broadcast each cat saw two such
00:18:14 --> 00:18:16 animations the videos were played on a
00:18:16 --> 00:18:18 continuous loop until the cats looked
00:18:18 --> 00:18:20 away after giving each cat a break they
00:18:20 --> 00:18:22 were each once again placed in front of
00:18:22 --> 00:18:24 the computer screen and the same two
00:18:24 --> 00:18:26 animations were shown on a loop but this
00:18:26 --> 00:18:29 time the spoken words were reversed
00:18:29 --> 00:18:31 as the cats watch the videos the
00:18:31 --> 00:18:34 researchers watched the cats they found
00:18:34 --> 00:18:35 that they stared longer when hearing the
00:18:36 --> 00:18:38 word than during the original broadcast
00:18:38 --> 00:18:41 some even showed pupil dilation now both
00:18:41 --> 00:18:43 of these are signs that the cats were
00:18:43 --> 00:18:45 confused by the switchup and were
00:18:45 --> 00:18:48 looking intently to find an explanation
00:18:48 --> 00:18:49 evidence that they had Associated the
00:18:49 --> 00:18:51 words with the images on the computer
00:18:51 --> 00:18:54 screen even in the absence of a reward
00:18:54 --> 00:18:56 the findings indicate that cats commonly
00:18:56 --> 00:18:58 associate words they hear from humans
00:18:58 --> 00:19:01 with objects in their
00:19:01 --> 00:19:03 environment Internet Security Company
00:19:03 --> 00:19:05 Norton have just issued a new Cyber
00:19:05 --> 00:19:07 warning with the details were joined by
00:19:07 --> 00:19:10 technology editor Alex Sahara Roy from
00:19:10 --> 00:19:12 Tech advice start life the parent
00:19:12 --> 00:19:13 company's Jen and they just released
00:19:13 --> 00:19:15 their latest report showing that in July
00:19:15 --> 00:19:17 through September scams are continuing
00:19:17 --> 00:19:19 to dominate the threat landscape and
00:19:19 --> 00:19:23 what they've seen is a 64% Rising scam
00:19:23 --> 00:19:24 yourself attacks this is where cyber
00:19:24 --> 00:19:27 criminals are using social engineering
00:19:27 --> 00:19:29 and psychological manipulation ation
00:19:29 --> 00:19:30 tactics to get you to infect your own
00:19:31 --> 00:19:33 computer with malware and they do this
00:19:33 --> 00:19:35 by fake tutorials where you you have
00:19:35 --> 00:19:38 these tutorials on YouTube to lure you
00:19:38 --> 00:19:40 into installing malware while pretending
00:19:40 --> 00:19:41 to provide free download for paid
00:19:41 --> 00:19:43 software so if you're looking for pirate
00:19:43 --> 00:19:45 software I mean that's long being a way
00:19:45 --> 00:19:47 to get attacked you have these click fix
00:19:47 --> 00:19:49 scams this is under the guise of fixing
00:19:49 --> 00:19:51 a computer issue you've got this fake
00:19:51 --> 00:19:54 technical solution which prompts you to
00:19:54 --> 00:19:56 copy some text into the command prompt
00:19:56 --> 00:19:58 which then gives cyber criminals control
00:19:58 --> 00:20:00 of your system fake captures this is
00:20:00 --> 00:20:02 where you get those little funny letters
00:20:02 --> 00:20:04 and numbers with wavy lines and it
00:20:04 --> 00:20:06 copies the text of dangerous code onto
00:20:06 --> 00:20:08 your clipboard and instructs you to
00:20:08 --> 00:20:09 install this malicious content onto your
00:20:09 --> 00:20:11 device even fake updates which we've
00:20:11 --> 00:20:12 seen for a long time with the fake
00:20:12 --> 00:20:14 updates to Adobe Flash for example but
00:20:14 --> 00:20:16 they're still around this is uh
00:20:16 --> 00:20:18 disguised as a necessary software update
00:20:18 --> 00:20:20 to guide you to paste a malicious script
00:20:20 --> 00:20:22 into your system giving attackers admin
00:20:22 --> 00:20:24 privileges and we just on this whole
00:20:24 --> 00:20:26 thing we just had updates last week for
00:20:26 --> 00:20:29 all the latest iPhones and Apple watches
00:20:29 --> 00:20:31 and Max and they close as usual a whole
00:20:31 --> 00:20:33 bunch of security holes and sometimes
00:20:33 --> 00:20:35 the latest attacks are based on security
00:20:35 --> 00:20:37 vulnerabilities that have been fixed but
00:20:37 --> 00:20:39 people haven't updated the systems yet
00:20:39 --> 00:20:41 so even though you might think I'm not
00:20:41 --> 00:20:42 going to get caught by this if you've
00:20:42 --> 00:20:43 got some problem you try and fix it
00:20:43 --> 00:20:46 yourself then uh you can you know you
00:20:46 --> 00:20:48 can end up giving the bad guys keys to
00:20:48 --> 00:20:50 the kingdoms ransomware threats also
00:20:50 --> 00:20:51 increased massively and that's another
00:20:51 --> 00:20:53 big issue you've got to have some sort
00:20:53 --> 00:20:54 of protective software on your device
00:20:55 --> 00:20:56 especially for using it for business and
00:20:56 --> 00:20:58 of course making backups of everything
00:20:58 --> 00:20:59 if you do get get infected it's much
00:20:59 --> 00:21:01 less of a problem I mean it's still a
00:21:01 --> 00:21:03 hassle to restore everything but if you
00:21:03 --> 00:21:05 have backups in multiple locations then
00:21:05 --> 00:21:07 if you do get caught by one of these
00:21:07 --> 00:21:08 things at least you can restore and the
00:21:08 --> 00:21:10 other big story has to be cat GPT
00:21:10 --> 00:21:11 wanting to develop their own browser
00:21:11 --> 00:21:13 yeah well this is hot on the heels of
00:21:13 --> 00:21:14 the Department of Justice in the US
00:21:15 --> 00:21:16 asking Google to consider breaking up
00:21:16 --> 00:21:18 with chrome so Chrome of course is
00:21:18 --> 00:21:21 Google's big browser now open AI is the
00:21:21 --> 00:21:23 AI company that's basically become a
00:21:23 --> 00:21:24 search engine they've got their search
00:21:24 --> 00:21:26 GPT which gives results and we also have
00:21:26 --> 00:21:28 things like perplexity and we have
00:21:28 --> 00:21:30 Microsoft soft who also owns a browser
00:21:30 --> 00:21:31 open I has been talking to website and
00:21:31 --> 00:21:33 app developers about whether or not
00:21:33 --> 00:21:36 there's any appetite for an open AI
00:21:36 --> 00:21:38 browser and this would presumably be
00:21:38 --> 00:21:40 running on Chrome just like or chromium
00:21:40 --> 00:21:42 the open source version of Chrome just
00:21:42 --> 00:21:43 like Microsoft has done with Edge
00:21:43 --> 00:21:44 because you've got compatibility with
00:21:44 --> 00:21:46 all of those Google and Edge extensions
00:21:46 --> 00:21:47 that are out there which makes the
00:21:48 --> 00:21:49 browser more useful in different ways
00:21:49 --> 00:21:51 now there's no time frame I mean we
00:21:51 --> 00:21:52 don't know if they're going to do this
00:21:52 --> 00:21:54 but they have been thinking about it but
00:21:54 --> 00:21:56 again if you've got the doj wanting to
00:21:56 --> 00:21:58 split Chrome away from Google they've
00:21:58 --> 00:21:59 tried to do that with Microsoft Internet
00:21:59 --> 00:22:01 Explorer back in the day and that didn't
00:22:01 --> 00:22:04 work either so uh never ending advances
00:22:04 --> 00:22:05 but also uh threats of government
00:22:06 --> 00:22:07 interference in the world of tech now
00:22:07 --> 00:22:09 speaking of government interference it
00:22:09 --> 00:22:11 looks like the internet censorship bill
00:22:11 --> 00:22:13 will be defeated in the Senate I'm sorry
00:22:13 --> 00:22:14 it's the misinformation and
00:22:14 --> 00:22:16 disinformation Bill isn't it yes it's
00:22:16 --> 00:22:18 all about internet censorship let's face
00:22:18 --> 00:22:20 it but uh there's still the other half
00:22:20 --> 00:22:22 of the monster that's yet to be defeated
00:22:22 --> 00:22:25 and that is preventing kids from having
00:22:25 --> 00:22:26 access to social media there are a lot
00:22:26 --> 00:22:28 of good reasons why social media should
00:22:28 --> 00:22:30 be restricted for kids but it's also a
00:22:30 --> 00:22:33 Gateway for the albanesi labor
00:22:33 --> 00:22:34 government in Australia to force people
00:22:34 --> 00:22:37 to use digital ID yeah look this is the
00:22:37 --> 00:22:38 Trojan Horse under the guise of w
00:22:38 --> 00:22:40 somebody save the children I mean look
00:22:40 --> 00:22:41 during the pandemic we had the
00:22:41 --> 00:22:43 government Force every child to go
00:22:43 --> 00:22:44 online to do their schooling and to
00:22:44 --> 00:22:46 learn things and you know to use all the
00:22:46 --> 00:22:47 different platforms and now all of a
00:22:47 --> 00:22:50 sudden they want to block kids same
00:22:50 --> 00:22:51 government who told us not to let the
00:22:51 --> 00:22:53 kids go out the playground where the
00:22:53 --> 00:22:55 fresh air is and where it's less likely
00:22:55 --> 00:22:57 that they'll get Co and kids don't get
00:22:57 --> 00:22:59 Co very easily anyway yeah and certainly
00:23:00 --> 00:23:01 if they do they they heal a lot faster
00:23:01 --> 00:23:03 look the short version is that the
00:23:03 --> 00:23:04 government wants control I mean which
00:23:04 --> 00:23:06 government doesn't want control we know
00:23:06 --> 00:23:08 that there's a deep state in most
00:23:08 --> 00:23:10 Western countries and certainly in
00:23:10 --> 00:23:11 nonwestern countries I mean the Deep
00:23:11 --> 00:23:13 state is there by introducing a digital
00:23:13 --> 00:23:16 ID it means the government can track
00:23:16 --> 00:23:17 everything you do and everything you
00:23:17 --> 00:23:19 watch that's exactly right the
00:23:19 --> 00:23:21 government wants to be able to know what
00:23:21 --> 00:23:22 its citizens are doing at all times and
00:23:22 --> 00:23:23 and frankly it's none of their business
00:23:24 --> 00:23:25 I mean we cannot be the generation that
00:23:25 --> 00:23:28 let privacy slip through our fingers
00:23:28 --> 00:23:33 that's Sahara Roy from take advice.
00:23:33 --> 00:23:45 [Music]
00:23:45 --> 00:23:48 life and that's the show for now
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