Astronomy Daily - The Podcast: S03E238
Welcome to Astronomy Daily, your trusted source for the latest in space and astronomy news. I'm your host, Anna, and today we have an enthralling lineup of stories that take us from the complexities of Earth's orbit to the explosive changes on Mars.
Highlights:
- Orbital Breakup Drama: Dive into the concerning fragmentation of the retired military weather satellite DMSP5D 2F14, which added over 50 pieces of debris to Earth's orbit. Understand the ongoing challenges posed by similar satellites and the inherent design flaws that lead to these breakups.
- SpaceX's Bandwagon 2 Mission: Get ready for SpaceX's upcoming rideshare mission, carrying an impressive 30 payloads, including a radar satellite for South Korea's 425 project. Discover the diverse capabilities and missions of these small satellites.
- Mars' Explosive Spring: Explore the dramatic seasonal changes on Mars, from frost avalanches to powerful geysers, as captured by NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. Learn about the planet's unique atmospheric phenomena during its spring thaw.
- Rethinking Dark Energy: Delve into new research from the University of Canterbury that challenges the conventional understanding of dark energy, proposing a "timescape" model to explain the universe's accelerating expansion without invoking dark energy.
- The Dinosaur Extinction Debate: Revisit the age-old debate on the extinction of dinosaurs with new insights from recent research, highlighting the role of the Chicxulub meteorite impact over volcanic eruptions.
For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io. Sign up for our free Daily newsletter to stay informed on all things space. Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, Tumblr, and TikTok. Share your thoughts and connect with fellow space enthusiasts.
Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.
00:00 - Today's featured news includes orbital drama and seasonal changes on Mars
00:58 - A defunct military weather satellite experienced a low velocity fragmentation event on December 18
02:59 - SpaceX is gearing up for an exciting rideshare mission on December 21
05:09 - Mars is experiencing a spectacular spring awakening that's far more dramatic than Earth
07:50 - New research challenges belief that dark energy is behind accelerating universe
10:03 - Scientists have long debated whether volcanic eruptions or a catastrophic meteorite caused extinction
12:19 - This episode of Astronomy Daily explores the wonders of space
✍️ Episode References
SpaceX
https://www.spacex.com/
NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
https://mars.nasa.gov/mro/
LeoLabs
https://leolabs.space/
University of Canterbury
https://www.canterbury.ac.nz/
Utrecht University
https://www.uu.nl/en
University of Manchester
https://www.manchester.ac.uk/
Deccan Traps
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deccan_Traps
Chicxulub Meteorite
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicxulub_crater
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defense_Meteorological_Satellite_Program
NOAA
https://www.noaa.gov/
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Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/24742460?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:01 welcome to astronomy daily I'm excited
00:00:01 --> 00:00:03 to bring you another fascinating day of
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 space and astronomy news there's quite a
00:00:06 --> 00:00:08 bit to cover today from orbital drama to
00:00:08 --> 00:00:11 seasonal changes on the red planet we'll
00:00:11 --> 00:00:12 start with a concerning development in
00:00:12 --> 00:00:15 Earth orbit where a retired military
00:00:15 --> 00:00:16 weather satellite has broken up into
00:00:16 --> 00:00:19 dozens of pieces adding to a pattern of
00:00:19 --> 00:00:22 similar incidents with these particular
00:00:22 --> 00:00:24 spacecraft then we'll look ahead to
00:00:24 --> 00:00:27 spacex's upcoming bandwagon 2 mission
00:00:27 --> 00:00:29 which will carry an impressive array of
00:00:29 --> 00:00:31 30 different payloads into orbit
00:00:31 --> 00:00:33 including an advanced radar satellite
00:00:33 --> 00:00:35 for South Korea we'll also take a
00:00:35 --> 00:00:38 Journey to Mars where NASA's Mars
00:00:38 --> 00:00:39 reconnaissance Orbiter has been
00:00:39 --> 00:00:41 capturing some incredible seasonal
00:00:41 --> 00:00:44 phenomena unlike Earth's gentle seasonal
00:00:44 --> 00:00:46 transitions Mars experiences some
00:00:46 --> 00:00:48 remarkably explosive changes during its
00:00:48 --> 00:00:50 spring thaw and I can't wait to tell you
00:00:50 --> 00:00:52 all about them plus we've got to look at
00:00:53 --> 00:00:54 a new theory about that mysterious dark
00:00:54 --> 00:00:57 energy and we'll revisit an age-old
00:00:57 --> 00:00:59 debate with some new research so let's
00:00:59 --> 00:01:00 get started
00:01:00 --> 00:01:02 in a concerning development the US space
00:01:02 --> 00:01:05 force has reported that a defunct
00:01:05 --> 00:01:07 military weather satellite experienced
00:01:07 --> 00:01:08 what they're calling a low velocity
00:01:08 --> 00:01:12 fragmentation event on December 18th the
00:01:12 --> 00:01:13 incident occurred at an altitude of
00:01:14 --> 00:01:17 about 840 km creating more than 50
00:01:17 --> 00:01:20 pieces of trackable debris according to
00:01:20 --> 00:01:22 radar observations from commercial space
00:01:22 --> 00:01:23 monitoring company
00:01:23 --> 00:01:26 leolabs the satellite in question known
00:01:26 --> 00:01:30 as dmsp 5D 2 F14
00:01:30 --> 00:01:33 was launched back in 1997 as part of the
00:01:33 --> 00:01:36 defense meteorological satellite program
00:01:36 --> 00:01:38 after serving its purpose for over two
00:01:38 --> 00:01:41 decades it was retired in 2020 but
00:01:41 --> 00:01:43 remained in its Sun synchronous orbit
00:01:43 --> 00:01:47 weighing about 750 kg this spacecraft is
00:01:47 --> 00:01:49 now the latest in a series of similar
00:01:49 --> 00:01:52 satellites to meet this unfortunate fate
00:01:52 --> 00:01:54 what's particularly concerning is that
00:01:54 --> 00:01:56 this isn't an isolated incident several
00:01:56 --> 00:01:58 other satellites from the same family
00:01:58 --> 00:02:00 have experienced similar breakups over
00:02:00 --> 00:02:03 the years in October 2016 the F12
00:02:03 --> 00:02:06 satellite broke apart following the
00:02:06 --> 00:02:10 fragmentation of f-13 in February 2015
00:02:10 --> 00:02:12 going back even further the f11
00:02:12 --> 00:02:15 spacecraft created 56 pieces of tra
00:02:15 --> 00:02:18 debris when it broke up in 2004 the root
00:02:18 --> 00:02:20 cause appears to be a known design flaw
00:02:20 --> 00:02:21 in these satellites battery assemblies
00:02:21 --> 00:02:24 that makes them vulnerable to explosion
00:02:24 --> 00:02:25 this issue isn't limited to military
00:02:26 --> 00:02:27 satellites either similar civilian
00:02:27 --> 00:02:29 weather satellites operated by Noah have
00:02:29 --> 00:02:32 suffered the same fate with Noah 16
00:02:32 --> 00:02:34 breaking up in 2015 and Noah 17
00:02:34 --> 00:02:35 following suit in
00:02:36 --> 00:02:38 2021 most troubling is that these
00:02:38 --> 00:02:40 breakups occurred despite attempts to
00:02:40 --> 00:02:42 prevent them through a process called
00:02:42 --> 00:02:44 passivation where satellites are
00:02:44 --> 00:02:46 prepared for decommissioning by draining
00:02:46 --> 00:02:48 their batteries and venting fuel tanks
00:02:48 --> 00:02:51 industry experts note that this process
00:02:51 --> 00:02:53 may not be fully effective on older
00:02:53 --> 00:02:54 satellites that were designed before
00:02:54 --> 00:02:56 modern orbital debris mitigation
00:02:56 --> 00:02:58 practices were
00:02:58 --> 00:03:01 established next up up SpaceX is gearing
00:03:01 --> 00:03:03 up for an exciting ride share Mission
00:03:03 --> 00:03:05 from vandenbberg space force base in
00:03:05 --> 00:03:08 California the bandwagon 2 mission
00:03:08 --> 00:03:10 scheduled for a 3:34 a.m. Pacific launch
00:03:10 --> 00:03:12 on December 21st will carry an
00:03:12 --> 00:03:14 impressive array of 30 different
00:03:14 --> 00:03:16 payloads to orbit the star of this
00:03:17 --> 00:03:18 mission is a sophisticated radar
00:03:18 --> 00:03:21 satellite for South Korea capable of
00:03:21 --> 00:03:22 seeing through clouds and darkness to
00:03:22 --> 00:03:25 capture detailed images of Earth this
00:03:25 --> 00:03:28 spacecraft is part of South Korea's 425
00:03:28 --> 00:03:30 project a const of military Earth
00:03:30 --> 00:03:32 observation satellites that combines
00:03:32 --> 00:03:35 both Optical and radar Imaging
00:03:35 --> 00:03:37 capabilities among the other fascinating
00:03:37 --> 00:03:40 payloads are two satellites from IC that
00:03:40 --> 00:03:41 will join their radar Imaging
00:03:42 --> 00:03:44 constellation and a trio of satellites
00:03:44 --> 00:03:47 from Hawkeye 360 that will work together
00:03:47 --> 00:03:48 to pinpoint radio frequency
00:03:48 --> 00:03:51 Transmissions from orbit two compact
00:03:51 --> 00:03:53 weather satellites from tomorrow. will
00:03:53 --> 00:03:55 collect valuable atmospheric data while
00:03:55 --> 00:03:57 Lizzy SAT 2 will test out new Imaging
00:03:57 --> 00:04:00 and Computing Technologies in space
00:04:00 --> 00:04:03 the mission will use Falcon 9 booster
00:04:03 --> 00:04:06 b171 making its 21st flight after
00:04:06 --> 00:04:08 sending its passengers on their way the
00:04:08 --> 00:04:10 booster will return to land at Landing
00:04:10 --> 00:04:13 Zone 4 right next to its Launchpad the
00:04:13 --> 00:04:15 second stage will perform a carefully
00:04:15 --> 00:04:17 choreographed series of burns to deploy
00:04:17 --> 00:04:19 the satellites at two different
00:04:19 --> 00:04:23 altitudes most at 510 km and the South
00:04:23 --> 00:04:27 Korean satellite at 570 km this launch
00:04:27 --> 00:04:30 represents spacex's 13 first Falcon
00:04:30 --> 00:04:32 mission of the Year marking an
00:04:32 --> 00:04:34 incredibly busy period for the company
00:04:34 --> 00:04:36 it's also their second dedicated ride
00:04:36 --> 00:04:39 share mission to a mid inclination orbit
00:04:39 --> 00:04:40 specifically chosen to keep these
00:04:40 --> 00:04:42 satellites positioned over more
00:04:42 --> 00:04:44 populated areas of our planet rather
00:04:44 --> 00:04:46 than following the polar orbits
00:04:46 --> 00:04:48 typically used for Earth observation
00:04:48 --> 00:04:51 missions after deployment these
00:04:51 --> 00:04:52 satellites will begin their diverse
00:04:52 --> 00:04:55 missions from Earth Imaging and weather
00:04:55 --> 00:04:57 monitoring to testing new space
00:04:57 --> 00:05:00 Technologies and providing communication
00:05:00 --> 00:05:02 Services together they represent a
00:05:02 --> 00:05:04 remarkable snapshot of the increasing
00:05:05 --> 00:05:06 variety and capability of small
00:05:06 --> 00:05:08 satellites being launched
00:05:08 --> 00:05:10 today ever thought about the concept of
00:05:10 --> 00:05:13 seasons on other planets while we're
00:05:13 --> 00:05:15 celebrating the approaching New Year
00:05:15 --> 00:05:17 here on Earth Mars has already completed
00:05:17 --> 00:05:19 its Journey around the Sun marking the
00:05:19 --> 00:05:23 end of its 687 Earth Day year this past
00:05:23 --> 00:05:25 November but unlike Earth's Northern
00:05:25 --> 00:05:27 Winter Wonderland or Southern
00:05:27 --> 00:05:29 hemisphere's summer Mars is EXP
00:05:29 --> 00:05:31 experiencing a spectacular Spring
00:05:31 --> 00:05:33 Awakening that's far more dramatic than
00:05:34 --> 00:05:36 anything we see here at home instead of
00:05:36 --> 00:05:39 gentle snow melt and trickling streams
00:05:39 --> 00:05:41 Mars puts on an explosive show the red
00:05:42 --> 00:05:43 planet's thin atmosphere means ice
00:05:43 --> 00:05:46 doesn't gradually melt into liquid it
00:05:46 --> 00:05:48 transforms directly into gas in a
00:05:48 --> 00:05:50 process called sublimation this creates
00:05:50 --> 00:05:52 some truly remarkable phenomena that
00:05:52 --> 00:05:54 NASA's Mars reconnaissance Orbiter has
00:05:54 --> 00:05:57 been tracking for nearly two decades one
00:05:57 --> 00:05:59 of the most dramatic events are the
00:05:59 --> 00:06:02 frost Avalanches imagine witnessing a
00:06:02 --> 00:06:04 massive chunk of carbon dioxide Frost
00:06:04 --> 00:06:06 wider than a house breaking free and
00:06:06 --> 00:06:09 tumbling down Martian Cliffs the Orbiter
00:06:09 --> 00:06:12 highresolution cameras actually captured
00:06:12 --> 00:06:14 one of these spectacular events showing
00:06:14 --> 00:06:17 a 66 foot wide block of dry ice in freef
00:06:17 --> 00:06:20 fall but that's just the beginning as
00:06:20 --> 00:06:22 spring temperatures rise pressurized
00:06:22 --> 00:06:24 carbon dioxide gas builds up beneath the
00:06:24 --> 00:06:27 surface ice until it literally explodes
00:06:27 --> 00:06:29 upward creating powerful geysers that
00:06:29 --> 00:06:32 blast dark fans of sand and dust into
00:06:32 --> 00:06:35 the Martian Sky these explosive Jets
00:06:35 --> 00:06:36 leave behind distinctive patterns in the
00:06:36 --> 00:06:39 soil that when viewed from orbit look
00:06:39 --> 00:06:41 remarkably like giant spider legs etched
00:06:41 --> 00:06:44 into the surface perhaps most impressive
00:06:44 --> 00:06:46 is the planet's Northern ice cap a
00:06:46 --> 00:06:48 structure as large as Texas that
00:06:48 --> 00:06:50 features enormous spiral troughs carved
00:06:50 --> 00:06:53 by powerful seasonal winds some of these
00:06:53 --> 00:06:55 troughs stretch as long as California
00:06:55 --> 00:06:57 dwarfing similar features found in
00:06:57 --> 00:07:00 Antarctica as the spring thaw begins
00:07:00 --> 00:07:02 these channels become super highways for
00:07:02 --> 00:07:04 warm wind gusts that gain speed and heat
00:07:04 --> 00:07:05 as they race
00:07:05 --> 00:07:08 downhill these same winds are constantly
00:07:08 --> 00:07:10 reshaping Mars's landscape particularly
00:07:10 --> 00:07:13 its sand dunes during winter carbon
00:07:13 --> 00:07:16 dioxide Frost locks these Dunes in place
00:07:16 --> 00:07:17 but once spring arrives and the frost
00:07:17 --> 00:07:19 sublimates they begin their slow
00:07:19 --> 00:07:22 migration across the Martian surface
00:07:22 --> 00:07:23 it's a seasonal dance that's been
00:07:23 --> 00:07:26 ongoing for eons sculpting and reshaping
00:07:26 --> 00:07:29 the face of our neighboring Planet what
00:07:29 --> 00:07:30 makes makes this even more fascinating
00:07:30 --> 00:07:33 is that each Martian spring is unique
00:07:33 --> 00:07:35 with subtle variations in temperature
00:07:35 --> 00:07:36 and timing creating different patterns
00:07:36 --> 00:07:40 of sublimation and surface activity it's
00:07:40 --> 00:07:42 a reminder that Mars despite its
00:07:42 --> 00:07:45 apparent desolation is a dynamically
00:07:45 --> 00:07:48 changing world with its own distinctive
00:07:48 --> 00:07:49 seasonal
00:07:49 --> 00:07:51 Rhythm now let's dive into a topic
00:07:51 --> 00:07:53 that's been puzzling scientists for
00:07:53 --> 00:07:56 decades dark energy for years the term
00:07:56 --> 00:07:58 dark energy has been used to describe
00:07:58 --> 00:08:00 the mysterious Force believed to drive
00:08:00 --> 00:08:01 the accelerated expansion of our
00:08:01 --> 00:08:04 universe it's thought to make up about
00:08:04 --> 00:08:07 2/3 of the universe's total mass energy
00:08:08 --> 00:08:10 content however Recent research from the
00:08:10 --> 00:08:12 University of Canterbury in Christ
00:08:12 --> 00:08:14 Church New Zealand challenges this
00:08:14 --> 00:08:15 long-standing
00:08:15 --> 00:08:18 concept led by Professor David Wiltshire
00:08:18 --> 00:08:21 the team analyzed Supernova light curves
00:08:21 --> 00:08:23 with enhanced Precision their findings
00:08:23 --> 00:08:25 suggest that the universe's expansion
00:08:25 --> 00:08:28 isn't uniform but rather lumpy varying
00:08:28 --> 00:08:30 in different regions
00:08:30 --> 00:08:32 this challenges the conventional Lambda
00:08:32 --> 00:08:34 cold Dark Matter model which relies on
00:08:34 --> 00:08:36 dark energy to explain the universe's
00:08:36 --> 00:08:39 accelerating expansion the researchers
00:08:39 --> 00:08:42 propose an alternative the time scape
00:08:42 --> 00:08:44 model this model considers that gravity
00:08:44 --> 00:08:47 affects time causing clocks and regions
00:08:47 --> 00:08:49 with different gravitational strengths
00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 to tick at varying rates for instance a
00:08:51 --> 00:08:53 clock in The Emptiness of space would
00:08:53 --> 00:08:56 run faster than one within a Galaxy
00:08:56 --> 00:08:58 these time differences could lead to the
00:08:58 --> 00:08:59 perception of an accelerating un
00:08:59 --> 00:09:02 Universe without invoking Dark Energy
00:09:02 --> 00:09:04 Professor Wilshire explains our findings
00:09:04 --> 00:09:06 show that we do not need dark energy to
00:09:06 --> 00:09:07 explain why the universe appears to
00:09:07 --> 00:09:10 expand at an accelerating rate He
00:09:10 --> 00:09:11 suggests that what we've been
00:09:11 --> 00:09:13 interpreting as dark energy might
00:09:13 --> 00:09:15 actually be variations in the kinetic
00:09:15 --> 00:09:17 energy of expansion influenced by the
00:09:17 --> 00:09:20 universe's lumpy structure this
00:09:20 --> 00:09:22 perspective also offers insights into
00:09:22 --> 00:09:24 the Hubble tension the discrepancy
00:09:24 --> 00:09:26 between the current expansion rate of
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 the universe and predictions based on
00:09:28 --> 00:09:30 early universe
00:09:30 --> 00:09:32 observations by accounting for regional
00:09:32 --> 00:09:35 variations in expansion the Timescape
00:09:35 --> 00:09:37 model could bridge this Gap while these
00:09:37 --> 00:09:39 findings are compelling they don't
00:09:39 --> 00:09:41 entirely dismiss the existence of dark
00:09:41 --> 00:09:43 energy instead they encourage a
00:09:43 --> 00:09:46 re-evaluation of our cosmological models
00:09:46 --> 00:09:47 and highlight the importance of
00:09:48 --> 00:09:49 considering the universe's complex
00:09:49 --> 00:09:51 structure in our
00:09:51 --> 00:09:53 calculations as we continue to explore
00:09:53 --> 00:09:55 these Cosmic Mysteries each Discovery
00:09:55 --> 00:09:57 brings us closer to understanding the
00:09:57 --> 00:09:59 true nature of our universe
00:09:59 --> 00:10:01 it's a thrilling reminder of how much
00:10:01 --> 00:10:04 there is yet to learn finally today
00:10:04 --> 00:10:06 let's revisit a classic debate what
00:10:07 --> 00:10:08 really caused the extinction of the
00:10:08 --> 00:10:11 dinosaurs for decades scientists have
00:10:11 --> 00:10:13 pondered whether massive volcanic
00:10:13 --> 00:10:15 eruptions or a catastrophic meteorite
00:10:16 --> 00:10:18 impact led to the dinosaur's
00:10:18 --> 00:10:20 demise Recent research from utre
00:10:20 --> 00:10:22 University and the University of
00:10:22 --> 00:10:25 Manchester sheds new light on this
00:10:25 --> 00:10:27 mystery the study focuses on the decken
00:10:28 --> 00:10:30 traps in India where colossal volcanic
00:10:30 --> 00:10:32 eruptions occurred around 66 million
00:10:32 --> 00:10:35 years ago these eruptions released vast
00:10:35 --> 00:10:37 amounts of sulfur and carbon dioxide
00:10:37 --> 00:10:40 potentially altering the global climate
00:10:40 --> 00:10:42 by analyzing fossil molecules from
00:10:42 --> 00:10:44 ancient pets in the United States
00:10:44 --> 00:10:46 scientists reconstructed air
00:10:46 --> 00:10:48 temperatures during this period they
00:10:48 --> 00:10:50 discovered that a significant volcanic
00:10:50 --> 00:10:53 eruption about 30 years before the
00:10:53 --> 00:10:55 meteorite impact caused a global cooling
00:10:55 --> 00:10:58 of approximately 5° C however
00:10:58 --> 00:11:01 temperature rebounded 20 years
00:11:01 --> 00:11:04 before the impact likely due to volcanic
00:11:04 --> 00:11:05 CO2
00:11:05 --> 00:11:07 emissions this timeline suggests that
00:11:07 --> 00:11:09 while these volcanic events had drastic
00:11:09 --> 00:11:12 consequences for life on Earth their
00:11:12 --> 00:11:13 climatic effects had dissipated
00:11:13 --> 00:11:15 thousands of years before the chick alub
00:11:15 --> 00:11:19 meteorite struck therefore the meteorite
00:11:19 --> 00:11:21 impact Remains the primary culprit
00:11:21 --> 00:11:23 behind the mass extinction event that
00:11:23 --> 00:11:24 wiped out the
00:11:24 --> 00:11:26 dinosaurs Lauren o Conor of utre
00:11:26 --> 00:11:29 University notes these Volcan iic
00:11:29 --> 00:11:32 eruptions and Associated CO2 and sulfur
00:11:32 --> 00:11:34 releases would have had drastic
00:11:34 --> 00:11:36 consequences for life on Earth but these
00:11:36 --> 00:11:38 events occurred Millennia before the
00:11:38 --> 00:11:40 meteorite impact and probably played
00:11:40 --> 00:11:42 only a small part in the extinction of
00:11:42 --> 00:11:45 dinosaurs This research underscores the
00:11:45 --> 00:11:46 catastrophic impact of the chielo
00:11:47 --> 00:11:49 meteorite which Unleashed wildfires
00:11:49 --> 00:11:51 earthquakes tsunamis and an impact
00:11:51 --> 00:11:53 winter that blocked sunlight and
00:11:53 --> 00:11:55 devastated
00:11:55 --> 00:11:57 ecosystems understanding these events
00:11:57 --> 00:11:58 helps us piece together Earth's complex
00:11:58 --> 00:12:01 history and the factors that have shaped
00:12:01 --> 00:12:03 life on our planet it's a fascinating
00:12:03 --> 00:12:05 reminder of the dynamic forces at play
00:12:05 --> 00:12:07 over geological time
00:12:07 --> 00:12:09 scales and that wraps up today's
00:12:09 --> 00:12:11 fascinating journey through space from
00:12:11 --> 00:12:13 Earth orbiting satellite breakups to
00:12:13 --> 00:12:16 spacex's ambitious ride share Mission
00:12:16 --> 00:12:17 and the dramatic spring spectacle
00:12:17 --> 00:12:20 unfolding on Mars I'm Anna and I hope
00:12:20 --> 00:12:22 you've enjoyed this episode of astronomy
00:12:22 --> 00:12:24 daily if you're hungry for more space
00:12:25 --> 00:12:27 content I've got great news for you head
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00:12:56 --> 00:12:58 space thank you for spending time with
00:12:58 --> 00:13:01 us today exploring the wonders of space
00:13:01 --> 00:13:03 until next time keep looking up and stay
00:13:03 --> 00:13:10 curious about our Cosmic neighborhood
00:13:10 --> 00:13:26 [Music]