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Space Nuts Episode: Stink in Space, Sombrero Galaxy, and Dark Energy Revelations #479
Join Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson as they explore the latest cosmic events in this entertaining episode of Space Nuts. From a mysterious odour aboard the International Space Station to stunning images of the Sombrero Galaxy and groundbreaking theories on dark energy, this episode is packed with stellar insights and astronomical wonders.
Episode Highlights:
- International Space Station's Stinky Situation : Discover the unexpected odour that caused astronauts to temporarily seal off a recently docked Russian supply ship. Explore the potential causes and the measures taken to ensure the crew's safety.
- Sombrero Galaxy's New Look: Marvel at the breathtaking mid-infrared images of the Sombrero Galaxy captured by the James Webb Space Telescope. Learn about the intricate details revealed in the galaxy's dusty rings and the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.
- Dark Energy's New Twist : Delve into the latest research suggesting that dark energy might not be constant, challenging our understanding of the universe's expansion. Consider the implications of this potential paradigm shift in cosmology.
For more Space Nuts, including our continually updating newsfeed and to listen to all our episodes, visit our website. (https://www.spacenutspodcast.com) Follow us on social media at SpaceNutsPod on Facebook, X, YouTube, Tumblr, Instagram, and TikTok. We love engaging with our community, so be sure to drop us a review, message or comment on your favourite platform.
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Stay curious, keep looking up, and join us next time for more stellar insights and cosmic wonders. Until then, clear skies and happy stargazing.
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00:00 - Andrew Dunkley hosts Space Nuts, where we talk astronomy and space science
01:08 - Professor Fred Watson will be doing archival episodes over the Christmas New Year period
03:02 - Bad smell coming from Russian spacecraft docking with International Space Station
09:01 - Arthur Dent. What a name. Only Douglas Adams could think up a name like that
09:24 - Andrew Dunkley says odour on International Space Station could be anything
11:09 - Incogni is a way of cleaning up your online presence
13:17 - James Webb telescope has taken a marvellous mid infrared image of galaxy
18:32 - The James Webb Space Telescope is seeking 78,000 hours of observing time
24:54 - Andrew Dunkley and Fred Watson discuss the accelerating expansion of the universe
32:25 - Fred Watson: This could indicate new physics that we don't yet understand
✍️ Episode References
Space.com
[https://www.space.com](https://www.space.com)
Phys.org
[https://www.phys.org](https://www.phys.org)
Incogni
[https://www.incogni.com/spacenuts](https://www.incogni.com/spacenuts)
Bytes.com
[https://www.bytes.com](https://www.bytes.com)
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support (https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/space-nuts--2631155/support?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss) .
Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/24723447?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:02 hi there thanks for joining us on Space
00:00:02 --> 00:00:04 Nuts where we talk astronomy and space
00:00:04 --> 00:00:07 science my name is Andrew Dunley coming
00:00:07 --> 00:00:10 up on this episode it is uh a real
00:00:10 --> 00:00:14 stinker and we'll tell you why uh also
00:00:14 --> 00:00:16 uh some also some you're not supposed to
00:00:16 --> 00:00:19 make any noise yet Fred and
00:00:19 --> 00:00:22 also it's the end of the year so we'll
00:00:22 --> 00:00:24 do whatever we like uh the Sombrero
00:00:24 --> 00:00:28 Galaxy a new image or two and it is
00:00:28 --> 00:00:30 stunning to say the least and possible
00:00:30 --> 00:00:33 new data about dark energy that might
00:00:33 --> 00:00:36 just tip everything upside down we'll
00:00:36 --> 00:00:38 talk about all of that on this episode
00:00:38 --> 00:00:41 of space nut 15 seconds guidance is
00:00:41 --> 00:00:46 internal 10 9 ignition sequence Space
00:00:46 --> 00:00:52 Nuts 5 4 3 2 1 2 3 4 5 5 4 3 2 1 Space
00:00:52 --> 00:00:56 Nuts the night report it feels good it's
00:00:56 --> 00:00:58 very hard to keep Fred quiet when he's
00:00:58 --> 00:01:00 excited uh hello Fred
00:01:00 --> 00:01:03 I I do apologize for speaking out of sh
00:01:03 --> 00:01:05 but I I keep forgetting here you know
00:01:05 --> 00:01:07 I'm not here yet not here till I
00:01:07 --> 00:01:09 introduce you Professor Fred Watson
00:01:09 --> 00:01:12 astronomer at large oh thank you that'll
00:01:12 --> 00:01:15 be that'll do yeah nice nice to see you
00:01:15 --> 00:01:17 nice to see you uh it's our second to
00:01:17 --> 00:01:19 last episode of the Year officially uh
00:01:19 --> 00:01:22 we will be um doing some archival
00:01:22 --> 00:01:24 episodes over the Christmas New Year
00:01:24 --> 00:01:26 period probably something that people
00:01:26 --> 00:01:28 haven't heard in a very long time it's
00:01:28 --> 00:01:29 it's um I don't know whether it's a good
00:01:29 --> 00:01:31 good or bad thing that we've been going
00:01:31 --> 00:01:33 long enough to have archives that's the
00:01:33 --> 00:01:36 part that's the part that stuns be was
00:01:36 --> 00:01:40 fair enough that's fair so yeah but they
00:01:40 --> 00:01:42 they're really good episodes and what
00:01:42 --> 00:01:45 we're going to do um just to keep them a
00:01:45 --> 00:01:47 bit fresher is tag them with a little
00:01:47 --> 00:01:50 bit of um astronomical news as it
00:01:50 --> 00:01:51 happens over the Christmas New Year
00:01:51 --> 00:01:53 period I'm leaving that up to Hugh in
00:01:53 --> 00:01:56 the studio we finally found him a job um
00:01:56 --> 00:01:58 but yes that's that's well you see there
00:01:58 --> 00:02:00 is a job there because um if you've got
00:02:00 --> 00:02:02 if you've got an archive you've got to
00:02:02 --> 00:02:06 have an archist yes some somebody who
00:02:06 --> 00:02:08 you know who looks after the the archive
00:02:08 --> 00:02:10 uh and um I'm not going to give anything
00:02:10 --> 00:02:13 away here but um man and I have a really
00:02:13 --> 00:02:15 good friend who is the archist to a
00:02:15 --> 00:02:19 former prime minister uh and she is
00:02:19 --> 00:02:23 still very very busy with things that
00:02:23 --> 00:02:25 that concerned you know his his Prime
00:02:25 --> 00:02:27 ministership and ongoing stuff it's
00:02:27 --> 00:02:31 really about that yeah yeah gosh
00:02:31 --> 00:02:34 over my 40 years in radio I I I got to
00:02:34 --> 00:02:36 meet a lot of people with really
00:02:36 --> 00:02:39 fascinating jobs I I remember doing an
00:02:39 --> 00:02:42 interview with a a fellow from dubo who
00:02:42 --> 00:02:44 was a tennis coach and he was appoint he
00:02:45 --> 00:02:47 was appointed you don't think about this
00:02:47 --> 00:02:49 thing this sort of thing happening in
00:02:49 --> 00:02:51 Duba but he was appointed to be the
00:02:51 --> 00:02:53 Davis Cup coach for
00:02:53 --> 00:02:55 India
00:02:55 --> 00:02:58 W it was really fascinating yeah you
00:02:58 --> 00:03:00 just never know what's going to pop up
00:03:00 --> 00:03:04 never know that's correct now um we have
00:03:04 --> 00:03:06 some stories to tell in this second last
00:03:06 --> 00:03:09 episode of the year and the first one's
00:03:09 --> 00:03:11 a real stinker involving the
00:03:11 --> 00:03:13 International Space Station or at least
00:03:13 --> 00:03:16 a uh transport uh spacecraft that's
00:03:16 --> 00:03:18 arrived there recently we talked about
00:03:18 --> 00:03:21 that weird sound coming from um the
00:03:21 --> 00:03:24 Boeing star liner which ended up mean
00:03:24 --> 00:03:26 meaning it was yeah yeah they they
00:03:26 --> 00:03:28 thought it was feedback but there's been
00:03:28 --> 00:03:32 a few other theories now it's a it's a a
00:03:32 --> 00:03:35 rather stinky situation quite literally
00:03:35 --> 00:03:39 Fred uh yes it is so uh this is a supply
00:03:39 --> 00:03:42 ship um a Russian Supply ship it's a
00:03:42 --> 00:03:46 progress 90 spacecraft uh which uh which
00:03:46 --> 00:03:48 docked with the International Space
00:03:48 --> 00:03:50 Station on the 23rd of November just a
00:03:50 --> 00:03:53 few days ago as we're speaking now um
00:03:53 --> 00:03:56 and they it's a routine completely
00:03:56 --> 00:03:59 routine process you know the supply ship
00:03:59 --> 00:04:01 arrives you the hatches uh do the
00:04:01 --> 00:04:04 airlock stuff and you take take out all
00:04:04 --> 00:04:06 the packets of M&M's and get on with it
00:04:06 --> 00:04:08 everything yeah that's right and all the
00:04:08 --> 00:04:10 you know the coffee supplies and all the
00:04:10 --> 00:04:12 rest of it
00:04:12 --> 00:04:15 um probably yes that's right anyway uh
00:04:15 --> 00:04:17 not withstanding all that they open the
00:04:17 --> 00:04:19 door but they immediately have to shut
00:04:19 --> 00:04:20 it again because there's such a bad
00:04:21 --> 00:04:25 smell coming from it wow um and uh it's
00:04:25 --> 00:04:29 it's um actually we're we might be we
00:04:29 --> 00:04:32 might be uh jumping to conclusions here
00:04:32 --> 00:04:35 it's been described as an unexpected
00:04:35 --> 00:04:39 odor um and in fact somebody uh I think
00:04:39 --> 00:04:41 one of the comments was it smells a bit
00:04:41 --> 00:04:47 like a spray uh and and I assume by that
00:04:47 --> 00:04:48 uh they mean you know s like an air
00:04:48 --> 00:04:50 freshener or something like that so it
00:04:50 --> 00:04:52 might not be a b smell right we're just
00:04:52 --> 00:04:54 assuming
00:04:54 --> 00:04:57 that yeah well that's why they don't
00:04:57 --> 00:04:59 allow baked beans on the International
00:04:59 --> 00:05:01 Space Station sure that's right I'm sure
00:05:01 --> 00:05:04 that's right the truth about baked beans
00:05:04 --> 00:05:06 that's right um what was that Blazing
00:05:06 --> 00:05:10 Saddles uh um the um uh yeah so they
00:05:10 --> 00:05:14 shut the door uh straight away and I
00:05:14 --> 00:05:17 should explain that um the spacecraft
00:05:17 --> 00:05:18 the the International Space Station is
00:05:18 --> 00:05:22 divided into sector excuse me sectors
00:05:22 --> 00:05:24 you know it was made by joining together
00:05:24 --> 00:05:25 lots of modules some of which were
00:05:25 --> 00:05:29 Russian some of which were uh NASA and
00:05:29 --> 00:05:31 uh it the Russian spacecraft dock with
00:05:31 --> 00:05:33 the Russian side of the of the
00:05:33 --> 00:05:36 International Space Station so um they
00:05:36 --> 00:05:40 the cosmonauts uh Ros Cosmos scientist
00:05:40 --> 00:05:42 and uh and well they're cosmonauts
00:05:42 --> 00:05:45 they're all flying um they they shut the
00:05:45 --> 00:05:49 shut the door immediately um apparently
00:05:49 --> 00:05:51 they also saw what are described as
00:05:51 --> 00:05:53 small droplets but I don't know whether
00:05:53 --> 00:05:56 they were droplets in the air uh or
00:05:56 --> 00:05:59 droplets in uh you know on the surfaces
00:05:59 --> 00:06:02 uh but um anyway at the moment as we
00:06:02 --> 00:06:04 speak this the door is
00:06:04 --> 00:06:07 shut um and they are apparently uh and
00:06:07 --> 00:06:10 I'm quoting space.com here uh the crew
00:06:10 --> 00:06:12 is not in danger and efforts to open the
00:06:12 --> 00:06:15 spacecraft are ongoing that NASA
00:06:15 --> 00:06:17 stressed um but there
00:06:17 --> 00:06:22 is uh there is you know it's it's not
00:06:22 --> 00:06:24 when you've got a environment like that
00:06:24 --> 00:06:26 all the air that these people are
00:06:26 --> 00:06:29 breathing is contained in the space
00:06:29 --> 00:06:30 station it's not a question of opening
00:06:30 --> 00:06:32 the windows to let I was about to say
00:06:32 --> 00:06:35 that Just sh just open a window open a
00:06:35 --> 00:06:37 window fresh and get some fresh nothing
00:06:37 --> 00:06:39 in
00:06:39 --> 00:06:41 there well yes so but so what you have
00:06:41 --> 00:06:43 to do is something a little bit more
00:06:43 --> 00:06:45 serious and uh again quoting from
00:06:45 --> 00:06:47 space.com very nice article on this uh
00:06:47 --> 00:06:49 after Russian cosmonauts closed the
00:06:49 --> 00:06:51 hatch air scrubbers and contaminant
00:06:51 --> 00:06:53 sensors on the International Space
00:06:53 --> 00:06:54 Station monitored the station's
00:06:54 --> 00:06:56 atmosphere and flight controllers said
00:06:56 --> 00:06:59 their air quality was at normal level so
00:07:00 --> 00:07:02 it hasn't sort of spread a bad smell
00:07:02 --> 00:07:04 throughout the whole of the of the
00:07:04 --> 00:07:09 spacecraft yet um yet that's right uh
00:07:09 --> 00:07:14 yeah I it is it is um a bit complex
00:07:14 --> 00:07:16 because there's there's doors and valves
00:07:16 --> 00:07:19 everywhere and something I didn't know
00:07:19 --> 00:07:22 uh apparently the hatch that separates
00:07:22 --> 00:07:25 the Russian side from the US side uh is
00:07:25 --> 00:07:29 quite often closed uh at the moment uh
00:07:29 --> 00:07:31 and that's
00:07:31 --> 00:07:33 not yeah I was going to say people will
00:07:33 --> 00:07:35 automattic automatically assume that's
00:07:35 --> 00:07:36 got something to do with the war in
00:07:36 --> 00:07:38 Ukraine but it's not nothing to do with
00:07:38 --> 00:07:40 that at all nothing at all it's because
00:07:40 --> 00:07:43 the Russian side's leaking there's an
00:07:43 --> 00:07:46 air leak um again uh everybody's
00:07:46 --> 00:07:49 stressing it's not a danger uh to
00:07:49 --> 00:07:52 anybody on board uh but there is
00:07:52 --> 00:07:54 disagreement between NASA and Ros Cosmos
00:07:54 --> 00:07:58 as to what this leag is caused by uh and
00:07:58 --> 00:07:59 how you fix it
00:08:00 --> 00:08:03 uh and whether there is a a longer term
00:08:03 --> 00:08:04 risk you know if if you've got a leak
00:08:04 --> 00:08:07 you're kind of worry that some some
00:08:07 --> 00:08:08 something's fractured or something like
00:08:08 --> 00:08:10 that and that it might catastrophically
00:08:10 --> 00:08:11 give way and suddenly you've got a big
00:08:11 --> 00:08:13 hole in the spacecraft yeah yeah
00:08:13 --> 00:08:15 apparently that leak's been going for
00:08:15 --> 00:08:18 like five years though five years I know
00:08:18 --> 00:08:21 my goodness yeah I was surprised at that
00:08:21 --> 00:08:24 too um clearly the the International
00:08:24 --> 00:08:26 Space Station is an aging piece of
00:08:26 --> 00:08:30 recruitment um and yeah uh
00:08:30 --> 00:08:32 obviously um you know it's it's the
00:08:32 --> 00:08:35 shining example of modern technology but
00:08:35 --> 00:08:39 uh I'm always reminded of um what was it
00:08:39 --> 00:08:41 the the um I forgot what the name of the
00:08:41 --> 00:08:43 construction fleet was in uh The
00:08:43 --> 00:08:45 Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy oh the
00:08:45 --> 00:08:48 Von V Von that's right the vogon
00:08:48 --> 00:08:50 Constructor Fleet and when they when the
00:08:50 --> 00:08:52 heroes got inside one of the spacecraft
00:08:52 --> 00:08:53 it was just full of old
00:08:53 --> 00:08:57 mattresses completely Dy and sort of um
00:08:57 --> 00:08:59 it makes you think of that sort of thing
00:08:59 --> 00:09:01 was was Arthur D Arthur Dent wasn't it
00:09:01 --> 00:09:03 Arthur Dent yes that's right and Ford
00:09:04 --> 00:09:08 prefect yes oh gosh I remember some
00:09:08 --> 00:09:10 trash Oh no that's that's worth
00:09:10 --> 00:09:13 remembering that's is and and my
00:09:13 --> 00:09:17 favorite slotty Bart fast yeah slty B
00:09:17 --> 00:09:20 fast yeah what a name only Douglas could
00:09:20 --> 00:09:23 think up a name he was amazing wasn't he
00:09:23 --> 00:09:25 amazing we're off track yeah we're
00:09:25 --> 00:09:27 talking about the the old mattresses on
00:09:27 --> 00:09:32 the ISS this well it feel like I mean we
00:09:32 --> 00:09:33 were talking not very long ago Andrew
00:09:33 --> 00:09:36 about uh people just parking things on
00:09:36 --> 00:09:38 places where there's a bit of velcro
00:09:38 --> 00:09:41 that they can Su on and and you know
00:09:41 --> 00:09:43 stuff that you wouldn't expect because
00:09:43 --> 00:09:47 um uh there was that study of uh done of
00:09:47 --> 00:09:50 uh the archaeology of the International
00:09:50 --> 00:09:52 Space Station and people photographing
00:09:52 --> 00:09:54 bits of the space station just to
00:09:54 --> 00:09:56 provide a record of how what life is
00:09:56 --> 00:09:58 like on the International Space Station
00:09:58 --> 00:10:00 and they they put all these um storage
00:10:00 --> 00:10:03 systems up for certain uses and found
00:10:03 --> 00:10:05 that people were using them for
00:10:05 --> 00:10:07 completely different reasons for other
00:10:07 --> 00:10:09 things that's right yeah yeah it's um
00:10:10 --> 00:10:11 quite interesting so they don't know
00:10:11 --> 00:10:14 what the stink is they don't know what I
00:10:14 --> 00:10:15 understand about this Supply ship is
00:10:16 --> 00:10:17 that they take all the goods out and
00:10:17 --> 00:10:20 then they fill a thing with rubbish and
00:10:20 --> 00:10:21 then they burn it up on re-entry or get
00:10:22 --> 00:10:23 rid of the rubbish
00:10:23 --> 00:10:26 so that's you know if you yeah if you
00:10:26 --> 00:10:28 can't get into it without a space suit
00:10:28 --> 00:10:29 on
00:10:29 --> 00:10:34 yeah it's not very nice yeah worry look
00:10:34 --> 00:10:36 forward to hearing what the cause was if
00:10:36 --> 00:10:38 they ever work it out and if we can
00:10:38 --> 00:10:40 we'll bring it to Space Nuts listeners
00:10:40 --> 00:10:43 yes indeed not something you really need
00:10:43 --> 00:10:46 going into Christmas um yeah could could
00:10:46 --> 00:10:49 be anything could could be anything
00:10:49 --> 00:10:50 hopefully it's not a bad smell we we
00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 haven't determined you know what thing
00:10:52 --> 00:10:56 we what the caliber of the odor is but
00:10:56 --> 00:10:59 um yeah hopefully nothing nasty or or
00:10:59 --> 00:11:01 noxious or anything like that uh you can
00:11:01 --> 00:11:03 read that story at
00:11:03 --> 00:11:06 space.com this is Space Nuts with Andrew
00:11:06 --> 00:11:08 Dunley and Professor Fred
00:11:09 --> 00:11:11 Watson let's take a break from the show
00:11:11 --> 00:11:13 to tell you about our sponsor in cogny
00:11:13 --> 00:11:16 and I'll be giving you a special Space
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00:12:22 --> 00:12:24 let's face it uh you really going to be
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00:12:42 --> 00:12:44 go to incog
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00:13:02 --> 00:13:05 with incog check out all their plans
00:13:05 --> 00:13:08 today at
00:13:08 --> 00:13:14 incog SPAC nuts now back to the show 3 2
00:13:14 --> 00:13:20 1 Space Nuts now Fred we uh head out um
00:13:20 --> 00:13:23 a little way from our own Galaxy to a a
00:13:23 --> 00:13:26 wonderful place uh called the Sombrero
00:13:26 --> 00:13:30 Galaxy uh m104 to be be official and
00:13:30 --> 00:13:34 James web has just taken a a marvelous
00:13:34 --> 00:13:38 uh mid infrared image of it that has got
00:13:38 --> 00:13:40 a lot of people very
00:13:40 --> 00:13:43 excited it has yeah and it's you know
00:13:43 --> 00:13:44 this is the thing about the web
00:13:44 --> 00:13:46 telescope it just blows you away with
00:13:46 --> 00:13:48 everything new that comes from it
00:13:48 --> 00:13:50 because we're seeing familiar objects in
00:13:50 --> 00:13:53 a completely new light uh infrared
00:13:53 --> 00:13:56 lights to be exact um so just to paint
00:13:56 --> 00:13:59 the picture uh you said uh M1 for M is
00:13:59 --> 00:14:03 for Messier a French uh astronomer of
00:14:03 --> 00:14:06 the 18th I think late 18th century who
00:14:06 --> 00:14:07 was interested in comets and he could
00:14:07 --> 00:14:09 see all these other fuzzy patches in the
00:14:09 --> 00:14:11 sky so he just numbered them and we and
00:14:11 --> 00:14:13 these are mostly galaxies he didn't know
00:14:13 --> 00:14:16 that's what they were but that's what we
00:14:16 --> 00:14:17 find so
00:14:17 --> 00:14:19 m104 um normally known as the somero
00:14:19 --> 00:14:22 Galaxy because that's what it looks like
00:14:22 --> 00:14:24 it's got a prominent Dusty ring around
00:14:24 --> 00:14:27 it and a very bright and very extended
00:14:27 --> 00:14:31 core uh so that the central region uh
00:14:31 --> 00:14:33 you know looks like the um the top of a
00:14:33 --> 00:14:36 hat and the and the outer ring looks
00:14:36 --> 00:14:38 like the rim of the hat but with the Mei
00:14:38 --> 00:14:40 View and Mei is the midinfrared
00:14:40 --> 00:14:44 instrument on the James web telescope um
00:14:44 --> 00:14:46 the the the the core which is made of
00:14:46 --> 00:14:49 stars that extended core the the sort of
00:14:49 --> 00:14:51 bowl of the hat if I can put it that way
00:14:51 --> 00:14:55 uh it vanishes completely uh and we see
00:14:55 --> 00:14:58 the ring itself in glorious detail uh
00:14:58 --> 00:15:00 this is I think think they're actually
00:15:00 --> 00:15:01 two rings because there's a ring very
00:15:01 --> 00:15:04 near the near the center of the Galaxy
00:15:04 --> 00:15:07 uh and uh also but this outer ring um
00:15:08 --> 00:15:09 which is very very dusty and that's why
00:15:09 --> 00:15:12 it shows up so well uh in mid infrared
00:15:12 --> 00:15:15 remember mid infrared light uh the dust
00:15:15 --> 00:15:17 is opaque and and you can actually see
00:15:17 --> 00:15:20 the dust directly near infrared the
00:15:20 --> 00:15:23 light penetrates the dust so um what has
00:15:23 --> 00:15:27 excited people is detail in this ring
00:15:27 --> 00:15:29 that has never been seen before
00:15:29 --> 00:15:32 uh and it it's uh um the you know
00:15:32 --> 00:15:35 scientists and some of them a number
00:15:35 --> 00:15:36 among my friends who look at this kind
00:15:36 --> 00:15:38 of thing Dusty Dusty regions in
00:15:38 --> 00:15:44 galaxies um they are excited uh to see
00:15:45 --> 00:15:47 uh that it's very clumpy uh on a scale
00:15:47 --> 00:15:49 of detail that as I said hasn't been
00:15:49 --> 00:15:50 seen before and when you look at the
00:15:50 --> 00:15:53 image you can see that uh this ring is
00:15:53 --> 00:15:56 made up of myriads of tiny clumps of
00:15:56 --> 00:16:00 dust now um the spectroscopic instrument
00:16:00 --> 00:16:04 or part of Miri the the infrared
00:16:04 --> 00:16:08 detector um has provided evidence of
00:16:08 --> 00:16:12 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons wow
00:16:12 --> 00:16:14 that's that's a coincidence FR because I
00:16:14 --> 00:16:15 believe that's what they're smelling on
00:16:15 --> 00:16:18 the International Space tou it might be
00:16:18 --> 00:16:21 yeah it might be depends how aromatic
00:16:21 --> 00:16:23 they are they might be a bit un aromatic
00:16:23 --> 00:16:24 might
00:16:24 --> 00:16:27 want but yeah poly polycyclic aromatic
00:16:27 --> 00:16:29 hydrocarbons a class of uh organic
00:16:29 --> 00:16:33 molecules carbon containing uh and um
00:16:33 --> 00:16:35 you know the sort of thing that we think
00:16:35 --> 00:16:38 of uh as as going into young solar
00:16:38 --> 00:16:40 systems that that they demonstrate that
00:16:40 --> 00:16:43 there's probably star forming regions uh
00:16:43 --> 00:16:46 embedded in the dis of the uh of of the
00:16:46 --> 00:16:50 Galaxy um somero is it's a it's not a
00:16:50 --> 00:16:52 you know one of these galaxies that's
00:16:52 --> 00:16:57 rapidly forming uh forming stars um it's
00:16:57 --> 00:17:00 uh it's what you might call a quiescent
00:17:00 --> 00:17:03 Galaxy it is forming stars but it's at a
00:17:03 --> 00:17:07 slow rate uh it's it's about half the
00:17:07 --> 00:17:09 rate that our own Galaxy is forming
00:17:09 --> 00:17:12 Stars which is roughly uh two two stars
00:17:12 --> 00:17:14 per year roughly very rough I think I
00:17:14 --> 00:17:16 think I know why I think I know why uh
00:17:17 --> 00:17:19 the sombrero is slightly dipped so I
00:17:19 --> 00:17:21 think this galaxy is having a
00:17:21 --> 00:17:26 cesta uh there you go that would be the
00:17:26 --> 00:17:28 official scientific reason that'll
00:17:28 --> 00:17:31 probably would be uh it look I like that
00:17:31 --> 00:17:34 I like that uh terminology the Siesta
00:17:34 --> 00:17:37 time of the somero Galaxy love good bit
00:17:37 --> 00:17:39 and indeed it is slightly dipped in the
00:17:39 --> 00:17:44 sky um so it it uh it does have a a
00:17:44 --> 00:17:46 black hole super massive black Cole
00:17:46 --> 00:17:48 something like nine billion solar masses
00:17:48 --> 00:17:50 much much bigger than the black hole at
00:17:50 --> 00:17:53 the center of our our own Galaxy uh and
00:17:53 --> 00:17:54 it is
00:17:54 --> 00:17:58 active uh so it's what we call an AG uh
00:17:58 --> 00:18:00 an active galactic nucleus which is
00:18:00 --> 00:18:02 something that is you know it's it's
00:18:02 --> 00:18:05 having a a polite and well behaved meal
00:18:05 --> 00:18:08 of material that's falling into it from
00:18:08 --> 00:18:11 uh its surroundings rather than aazar
00:18:11 --> 00:18:13 which is absolutely gobbling everything
00:18:13 --> 00:18:16 up and radiating energy at a great rate
00:18:16 --> 00:18:20 because of that so yes a low I think
00:18:20 --> 00:18:22 they described this one as docile if
00:18:22 --> 00:18:24 that can be yeah I think that's probably
00:18:24 --> 00:18:26 the word I was looking for Andrew yeah
00:18:26 --> 00:18:29 do uh it's it yes it's a low low
00:18:29 --> 00:18:32 Luminosity active Galactic nucleus
00:18:32 --> 00:18:34 Sombrero has always been interesting
00:18:34 --> 00:18:36 though and this goes back to um
00:18:36 --> 00:18:38 beautiful images of the sombrero that
00:18:38 --> 00:18:40 were made by my colleague David mein
00:18:40 --> 00:18:42 back in the 1980s the first time we saw
00:18:42 --> 00:18:46 these galaxies in color um uh along with
00:18:46 --> 00:18:48 many other nebuli he was the person who
00:18:48 --> 00:18:52 put true color into astronomical imaging
00:18:52 --> 00:18:53 by using a three color photographic
00:18:53 --> 00:18:56 technique His image of the sombrero is
00:18:56 --> 00:18:59 perhaps one of the uh iconic IM of the
00:18:59 --> 00:19:02 Galaxy but what it did show was that the
00:19:02 --> 00:19:06 somero is very rich in globular clusters
00:19:06 --> 00:19:08 these sort of more or less spherical
00:19:08 --> 00:19:11 clusters of hundreds of thousands of
00:19:11 --> 00:19:14 stars um uh there are about about 2
00:19:14 --> 00:19:17 of them uh surrounding the Sombrero
00:19:17 --> 00:19:19 Galaxy we have less than 200 I think
00:19:19 --> 00:19:22 it's about 160 if I remember rightly
00:19:22 --> 00:19:25 globular clusters uh in the outskirts of
00:19:25 --> 00:19:27 our own Galaxy but the sombrero is much
00:19:27 --> 00:19:30 much richer and of course it's it's near
00:19:30 --> 00:19:32 enough it's 30 million light years away
00:19:32 --> 00:19:35 uh that's pretty well on our doorstep
00:19:35 --> 00:19:37 which is why hav get such good images of
00:19:37 --> 00:19:41 it um it's uh it's near enough that we
00:19:41 --> 00:19:43 can study those globular clusters in
00:19:43 --> 00:19:45 detail and globular clusters are one of
00:19:45 --> 00:19:49 the they're one of the puzzling things
00:19:49 --> 00:19:51 uh in our understanding of the universe
00:19:51 --> 00:19:55 are they are they the nuclei of uh
00:19:55 --> 00:19:57 galaxies that have been stripped of
00:19:57 --> 00:19:59 their outer Stars by by interactions
00:19:59 --> 00:20:02 with other galaxies or were they formed
00:20:02 --> 00:20:05 like that as glob globular clusters in
00:20:05 --> 00:20:06 the earliest history of the universe
00:20:06 --> 00:20:08 there was quite a lot of discussion on
00:20:08 --> 00:20:12 that topic actually at our um uh our uh
00:20:12 --> 00:20:14 uh 50th Anniversary Symposium for the
00:20:14 --> 00:20:16 Anglo Australian telescope there an
00:20:16 --> 00:20:18 interesting session on on globular
00:20:18 --> 00:20:20 clusters and what we can learn from them
00:20:20 --> 00:20:22 J Judy and I have got a lot of
00:20:22 --> 00:20:24 experience with globular clusters every
00:20:24 --> 00:20:27 Tuesday we we babysit the grandchildren
00:20:27 --> 00:20:31 and it a a lot of globy for CLS there I
00:20:31 --> 00:20:33 bet there are yeah if you've got 2
00:20:33 --> 00:20:35 of them though then you're in real
00:20:35 --> 00:20:38 trouble oh I think they manag it
00:20:38 --> 00:20:41 yeah yeah so um look there's just more
00:20:41 --> 00:20:44 to come it's a reminder of how uh uh
00:20:44 --> 00:20:48 prolific the James web telescope uh is
00:20:48 --> 00:20:50 uh its fourth year of science operations
00:20:50 --> 00:20:52 will start uh in the middle of next year
00:20:52 --> 00:20:56 next July wow they've already had uh a
00:20:56 --> 00:20:59 record-breaking number of proposals for
00:20:59 --> 00:21:03 uh time on that uh on during that fourth
00:21:03 --> 00:21:07 period um the deadline for for
00:21:07 --> 00:21:10 submissions uh for observations was 15th
00:21:10 --> 00:21:14 of October uh and you know it's uh it's
00:21:15 --> 00:21:18 uh an oversubscribed instrument um a
00:21:18 --> 00:21:21 request I I love this a request for
00:21:21 --> 00:21:24 78 hours of observing time which is
00:21:24 --> 00:21:27 nine times more than there is available
00:21:27 --> 00:21:28 uh that's what we call an over
00:21:28 --> 00:21:30 subscription rate we used to get over
00:21:30 --> 00:21:32 subscription rates of two or three and
00:21:32 --> 00:21:34 sometimes four on the Anglo Australian
00:21:34 --> 00:21:36 telescope people one you know for every
00:21:36 --> 00:21:38 one light on it the four people wanted
00:21:38 --> 00:21:41 to use it um but 9 to1 is quite
00:21:41 --> 00:21:43 extraordinary and it it speaks of just
00:21:43 --> 00:21:44 the Excellence of the data that are
00:21:44 --> 00:21:46 coming from the Gen Tri telescope I
00:21:47 --> 00:21:50 suppose that means Fred if they've got a
00:21:50 --> 00:21:51 record number of
00:21:51 --> 00:21:54 proposals um put to them for time on the
00:21:54 --> 00:21:56 James web Space Telescope they're going
00:21:56 --> 00:21:59 to have to sit down and pick handpick
00:21:59 --> 00:22:02 who gets to use and who gets to miss out
00:22:02 --> 00:22:04 yes that's the job of time allocation
00:22:04 --> 00:22:06 committees that's exactly what they do
00:22:06 --> 00:22:07 uh and I think every telescope in the
00:22:07 --> 00:22:10 world has got committees like that that
00:22:10 --> 00:22:13 go through them and they're usually uh
00:22:13 --> 00:22:17 uh extremely ethical they they uh give
00:22:17 --> 00:22:20 time based only on scientific Excellence
00:22:20 --> 00:22:23 uh so there the the applications
00:22:23 --> 00:22:24 throughout the world again I would think
00:22:24 --> 00:22:26 this is true they're anonymized so you
00:22:26 --> 00:22:28 don't know who they've come from they're
00:22:28 --> 00:22:30 uh sort of gender free so you don't know
00:22:30 --> 00:22:32 uh you know what the gender of the
00:22:32 --> 00:22:34 applicant is is to avoid any kind of
00:22:34 --> 00:22:38 bias of any sort uh and uh it's a it's a
00:22:38 --> 00:22:42 fairly stringent Pro process uh I do
00:22:42 --> 00:22:45 remember talking to one of my colleagues
00:22:45 --> 00:22:47 who was sat on one of these ter
00:22:47 --> 00:22:48 allocation committees actually for the
00:22:48 --> 00:22:50 angle Australian telescope over quite a
00:22:50 --> 00:22:52 long period and he he mentioned uh the
00:22:52 --> 00:22:54 occasional death threats that he got
00:22:54 --> 00:22:57 from you know people what who had hadn't
00:22:57 --> 00:23:00 been given their time yeah yeah people
00:23:00 --> 00:23:02 get life and soul into it there weren't
00:23:02 --> 00:23:05 death threats so much as you know
00:23:05 --> 00:23:09 uh fairly fairly um how can I put it
00:23:09 --> 00:23:13 robust criticism that sort of yeah a ni
00:23:13 --> 00:23:15 putting it robust he interpreted them as
00:23:15 --> 00:23:16 death
00:23:16 --> 00:23:20 threats yes wow that's extraordinary yes
00:23:20 --> 00:23:21 I wouldn't have thought that of the um
00:23:22 --> 00:23:24 of the astronomical Community for it you
00:23:24 --> 00:23:26 wouldn't that's right but if you've you
00:23:26 --> 00:23:27 know if you've submitted the same
00:23:27 --> 00:23:29 application maybe three years in a row
00:23:29 --> 00:23:31 and you put your life and soul into it
00:23:31 --> 00:23:32 and you've got students whose whose
00:23:32 --> 00:23:34 future depends on getting the the
00:23:34 --> 00:23:37 observing time and you don't get it you
00:23:37 --> 00:23:39 would feel naturally very frustrated oh
00:23:39 --> 00:23:41 yeah that makes that makes perfect sense
00:23:41 --> 00:23:44 but um yeah I think when we were first
00:23:44 --> 00:23:47 talking about James W we did talk about
00:23:47 --> 00:23:49 how that process worked and how uh how
00:23:49 --> 00:23:51 they were going to do it to make sure
00:23:51 --> 00:23:53 that it was all you know above board
00:23:53 --> 00:23:57 Level Playing Field no bias um and and
00:23:57 --> 00:24:01 yeah um but if you want to look at the
00:24:01 --> 00:24:03 pictures of the somera Galaxy as taken
00:24:04 --> 00:24:06 by the James Webb Space Telescope not
00:24:06 --> 00:24:09 surprisingly it's at f.org I'm starting
00:24:09 --> 00:24:11 to feel sorry for Hubble because
00:24:11 --> 00:24:12 whenever there's a new James web image
00:24:12 --> 00:24:16 they go this is what Hubble
00:24:16 --> 00:24:20 took just don't think that's fair no um
00:24:20 --> 00:24:22 but it's you know and of course the
00:24:22 --> 00:24:25 Hubble's a 2.3 meter telescope James web
00:24:25 --> 00:24:27 is a 6.5 meter telescope he astronomy
00:24:27 --> 00:24:29 sizes everything
00:24:29 --> 00:24:31 yes well very true but Hubble's still
00:24:32 --> 00:24:33 doing a great job I I feel sorry for
00:24:33 --> 00:24:35 Hubble you know it is though it's doing
00:24:35 --> 00:24:37 a doing a fine job and still producing
00:24:37 --> 00:24:39 good signs I'm sorry I was slightly
00:24:39 --> 00:24:41 distracted there I'm trying to pick the
00:24:41 --> 00:24:43 the key to the James web telescope which
00:24:43 --> 00:24:44 is falling on the floor and I can't
00:24:44 --> 00:24:45 actually pick
00:24:45 --> 00:24:47 [Music]
00:24:47 --> 00:24:50 it fair enough f.org if you want to
00:24:50 --> 00:24:52 check out that story about the somero
00:24:52 --> 00:24:54 Galaxy and uh and what we're learning
00:24:54 --> 00:24:56 about it this is Space Nuts with Andrew
00:24:56 --> 00:25:00 Dunley and Professor Fred
00:25:00 --> 00:25:03 whatson okay we checked all four systems
00:25:03 --> 00:25:08 and It Go space Nets finally fra a story
00:25:08 --> 00:25:11 that has uh been published only in the
00:25:11 --> 00:25:14 last few days our time uh but this one
00:25:14 --> 00:25:16 will be talked about for a long time
00:25:16 --> 00:25:20 because again they're suggesting that
00:25:20 --> 00:25:23 this one could rewrite uh what we know
00:25:23 --> 00:25:26 about um the cosmos um this all centers
00:25:27 --> 00:25:29 around dark energy
00:25:29 --> 00:25:32 uh and we might have to explain um what
00:25:32 --> 00:25:34 that is again because it's it's so
00:25:34 --> 00:25:37 poorly named but um now they're starting
00:25:37 --> 00:25:40 to think that um Dark Energy might be a
00:25:40 --> 00:25:45 finite thing uh based on this new
00:25:45 --> 00:25:50 data yes uh it it's um it's a diff very
00:25:50 --> 00:25:52 difficult thing to measure is the
00:25:52 --> 00:25:54 accelerated expansion of the universe
00:25:54 --> 00:25:55 which is why we didn't know about it
00:25:55 --> 00:25:59 until 1998 when two groups of s one in
00:25:59 --> 00:26:02 the USA and one in Australia uh actually
00:26:02 --> 00:26:04 worked out that the expansion of the
00:26:04 --> 00:26:08 universe is accelerating so um a lot of
00:26:08 --> 00:26:10 thoughts has gone into it since then uh
00:26:10 --> 00:26:15 that's uh 26 years ago uh and
00:26:15 --> 00:26:19 um the this the simplest
00:26:19 --> 00:26:21 interpretation is that dark energy is
00:26:21 --> 00:26:25 constant uh that means that the
00:26:25 --> 00:26:27 acceleration of the universe is
00:26:27 --> 00:26:31 something that does not change over time
00:26:31 --> 00:26:34 uh except by the fact that as space gets
00:26:34 --> 00:26:37 bigger uh the energy content of space
00:26:37 --> 00:26:40 gets bigger and so you've got um you
00:26:40 --> 00:26:42 know an increased push to accelerate the
00:26:42 --> 00:26:46 expansion of the universe so um there's
00:26:46 --> 00:26:50 there's uh been a fairly uh consistent
00:26:50 --> 00:26:53 view which has apparently been supported
00:26:54 --> 00:26:54 by
00:26:54 --> 00:26:59 observations that uh this dark energy is
00:26:59 --> 00:27:03 constant uh however um some work that's
00:27:03 --> 00:27:07 been done on uh basically a it's a
00:27:07 --> 00:27:10 telescope in Arizona actually um it's
00:27:10 --> 00:27:13 the um the male telescope which has a
00:27:13 --> 00:27:17 camera on it which has been used to uh
00:27:17 --> 00:27:19 basically study distant galaxies in
00:27:19 --> 00:27:21 great detail and look at a huge number
00:27:21 --> 00:27:24 of them it's a very very elegant sort of
00:27:24 --> 00:27:29 camera um they are now thinking that uh
00:27:29 --> 00:27:34 the dark energy is not quite constant uh
00:27:34 --> 00:27:39 and uh it's basically that issue that is
00:27:39 --> 00:27:42 concerning those of us in the astronomy
00:27:42 --> 00:27:43 Community who are interested in the
00:27:43 --> 00:27:45 future of the universe as well as its
00:27:45 --> 00:27:48 past uh what it means is so and and I
00:27:48 --> 00:27:50 should you know I should uh invest
00:27:50 --> 00:27:53 mention that this involves a very large
00:27:53 --> 00:27:55 number of scientists it's a huge
00:27:55 --> 00:27:57 collaboration some of my colleagues here
00:27:57 --> 00:27:58 in Australia members of this
00:27:58 --> 00:28:01 collaboration there are 900 scientists
00:28:01 --> 00:28:04 uh all over the world studying these
00:28:04 --> 00:28:08 data uh now uh it's a reanalysis that
00:28:08 --> 00:28:11 we've we've seen coming out within the
00:28:11 --> 00:28:14 last few days this is why this is in in
00:28:14 --> 00:28:17 the headlines again it was uh the
00:28:17 --> 00:28:19 original data were published earlier in
00:28:19 --> 00:28:22 the year but the new analysis has uh
00:28:22 --> 00:28:25 should have confirmed it uh that there
00:28:25 --> 00:28:29 is something going on that we don't
00:28:29 --> 00:28:30 understand
00:28:30 --> 00:28:34 um that's a change that's a big change
00:28:34 --> 00:28:37 yeah so what so the the way it works
00:28:37 --> 00:28:39 it's it's an instrument called Desi the
00:28:39 --> 00:28:41 dark energy spectroscopic instrument uh
00:28:42 --> 00:28:43 which is on the male
00:28:43 --> 00:28:47 telescope and um that's very similar to
00:28:47 --> 00:28:49 the 2df instrument that we have on the
00:28:49 --> 00:28:51 Ang Australian telescope which did this
00:28:51 --> 00:28:53 sort of thing back in the early 2000s
00:28:53 --> 00:28:55 but now the technology has improved to
00:28:55 --> 00:28:57 the extent that you can look at many
00:28:57 --> 00:28:59 many more objects multaneously the 2df
00:28:59 --> 00:29:02 instrument looked at two at 400 and now
00:29:02 --> 00:29:04 you've got many many more than that and
00:29:04 --> 00:29:07 seeing them in more detail
00:29:07 --> 00:29:09 spectroscopically uh and uh with
00:29:10 --> 00:29:11 sensitive detectors that you let you
00:29:11 --> 00:29:15 look back in time up to about 11 billion
00:29:15 --> 00:29:18 years before the present time W so what
00:29:18 --> 00:29:20 you're doing there is you
00:29:20 --> 00:29:23 are so basically you're mapping the
00:29:23 --> 00:29:25 universe this is where it gets a little
00:29:25 --> 00:29:27 bit counterintuitive the way you detect
00:29:27 --> 00:29:29 dark energy to map the universe to map
00:29:30 --> 00:29:32 where galaxies lie because um it's all
00:29:32 --> 00:29:34 about the Way galaxies cluster that
00:29:34 --> 00:29:36 gives you the geometry of the universe
00:29:36 --> 00:29:39 and that then gives you uh what its
00:29:39 --> 00:29:44 expansion rate is doing uh so um they've
00:29:44 --> 00:29:47 looked at these galaxies over 11 billion
00:29:47 --> 00:29:50 years uh and
00:29:50 --> 00:29:54 basically it reveals uh that um yes if
00:29:54 --> 00:29:58 the if Dark Energy was a constant force
00:29:58 --> 00:30:00 and uh Jord is getting excited because
00:30:00 --> 00:30:03 somebody's about to come home
00:30:03 --> 00:30:07 uh if Dark Energy was a constant force
00:30:07 --> 00:30:10 uh that map would not uh would not make
00:30:10 --> 00:30:14 sense uh and uh what they uh
00:30:14 --> 00:30:16 interpreting this mapping as telling us
00:30:16 --> 00:30:19 that the energy is weakening uh that
00:30:20 --> 00:30:23 it's um you've got an acceleration that
00:30:23 --> 00:30:25 is itself slowing down even though the
00:30:25 --> 00:30:27 expansion of the universe is still
00:30:27 --> 00:30:29 acceler ating but the acceleration is
00:30:29 --> 00:30:32 slowing down because dark energy is
00:30:32 --> 00:30:34 reducing and that means it's quite
00:30:35 --> 00:30:38 different from what we thought it was or
00:30:38 --> 00:30:40 um that we're barking up the wrong tree
00:30:40 --> 00:30:43 completely that it's not an energy of of
00:30:43 --> 00:30:45 space uh that there is something totally
00:30:46 --> 00:30:48 different going on this could turn the
00:30:48 --> 00:30:51 whole our whole understanding of the
00:30:51 --> 00:30:55 cosmological model upside down they're
00:30:55 --> 00:30:58 basically oh J's upset by that
00:30:58 --> 00:31:00 no you've hit the nail on the head there
00:31:00 --> 00:31:02 I think Jord he's I think that's that's
00:31:03 --> 00:31:05 a that's agreement is that J my goodness
00:31:05 --> 00:31:09 say I'm really
00:31:09 --> 00:31:11 sorry this is what he does is he gets
00:31:11 --> 00:31:17 very enthusiastic hang of hang
00:31:17 --> 00:31:23 on oh gosh that is so funny
00:31:23 --> 00:31:28 yeah he can't even find him oh boy
00:31:28 --> 00:31:30 we' just got to the key the key moment
00:31:30 --> 00:31:38 of the
00:31:38 --> 00:31:41 story oh gosh I'm going to put an
00:31:41 --> 00:31:43 asterisk on that so that I can um find
00:31:43 --> 00:31:46 it later I hope you're listening Hugh
00:31:46 --> 00:31:50 that's that's worth bottling that
00:31:50 --> 00:31:53 one they can't hear me because Fred uses
00:31:53 --> 00:31:55 headphones I'd keep telling you this
00:31:55 --> 00:31:57 part of the story without him but
00:31:57 --> 00:32:00 honestly it's it's it's mindblowing it's
00:32:00 --> 00:32:03 mind-blowing needs an expert touch which
00:32:03 --> 00:32:07 I can't give you here he comes here he
00:32:07 --> 00:32:09 comes sorry about
00:32:09 --> 00:32:11 that so we might have have cut that but
00:32:11 --> 00:32:14 I do apologize oh no that's all right
00:32:14 --> 00:32:16 he'll probably leave it
00:32:16 --> 00:32:19 in it just goes mad apparently there's
00:32:19 --> 00:32:21 another dog around which um oh well
00:32:21 --> 00:32:24 that'll do it that'll do it
00:32:24 --> 00:32:27 it so we were talking about what this
00:32:27 --> 00:32:29 means for our understanding of the um
00:32:29 --> 00:32:33 standard cosmological model we were and
00:32:33 --> 00:32:34 it obviously means that dogs are going
00:32:34 --> 00:32:36 to bark louder and longer than they ever
00:32:36 --> 00:32:39 have done before because uh it's such an
00:32:39 --> 00:32:41 astonishing result yeah so it what it
00:32:41 --> 00:32:45 means is um it's it's going to be an
00:32:45 --> 00:32:48 ongoing story we will hear more about
00:32:48 --> 00:32:52 this uh over the next few months
00:32:52 --> 00:32:55 probably and hopefully uh we will have
00:32:55 --> 00:32:57 some sort of um what you might call A
00:32:57 --> 00:32:59 consensus coming
00:32:59 --> 00:33:03 up something that uh uh that that will
00:33:03 --> 00:33:05 um you know allow this the theor
00:33:06 --> 00:33:08 theoretical astronomers who build models
00:33:08 --> 00:33:10 of all this stuff uh to try and get
00:33:10 --> 00:33:11 their heads around what might be
00:33:11 --> 00:33:13 happening with this
00:33:13 --> 00:33:15 parent reduction of the acceleration
00:33:16 --> 00:33:17 rate over
00:33:17 --> 00:33:21 time well yeah it's it's one of the big
00:33:21 --> 00:33:23 Mysteries and what it's something that
00:33:23 --> 00:33:25 we get asked about quite often for Q&A
00:33:25 --> 00:33:27 episodes and it it's something that
00:33:28 --> 00:33:30 keeps coming up and they keep testing
00:33:30 --> 00:33:32 Einstein's um theory of general
00:33:32 --> 00:33:35 relativity to see if they can break it
00:33:35 --> 00:33:38 um you know there there's there's so
00:33:38 --> 00:33:42 much at stake in terms of this kind of
00:33:42 --> 00:33:44 uh data and and and
00:33:44 --> 00:33:47 studying dark energy and you know
00:33:47 --> 00:33:48 finding out what it is and what it's
00:33:48 --> 00:33:50 doing and why it's there and how it
00:33:50 --> 00:33:52 works uh all of which we don't really
00:33:52 --> 00:33:55 understand no I I mean you've hit the
00:33:55 --> 00:33:57 nail on the head Andrew in the sense
00:33:57 --> 00:33:58 that uh
00:33:58 --> 00:34:00 this could be an indication of new
00:34:00 --> 00:34:02 physics that we don't get understand
00:34:02 --> 00:34:04 going on in the universe and that's
00:34:04 --> 00:34:06 where things get really exciting because
00:34:06 --> 00:34:08 we rewrite the textbooks on levels of
00:34:08 --> 00:34:11 that sort of thing yes and um you know
00:34:11 --> 00:34:13 and that leads to dogs and cats living
00:34:13 --> 00:34:15 together and all sorts of terrible
00:34:15 --> 00:34:20 things maybe not but um
00:34:20 --> 00:34:23 yeah yeah indeed but uh yeah it's a
00:34:23 --> 00:34:26 fascinating story very much worth uh
00:34:26 --> 00:34:30 reading and uh I'm sure it will spawn
00:34:30 --> 00:34:32 multiple questions for us to deal with
00:34:32 --> 00:34:36 in the next um series of episodes in
00:34:36 --> 00:34:39 2025 uh you can read that story in uh
00:34:39 --> 00:34:42 f.org the dark energy pushing our
00:34:42 --> 00:34:44 universe apart may not be what it seems
00:34:44 --> 00:34:47 scientists say that's the title of the
00:34:47 --> 00:34:50 piece uh we are just about done uh Fred
00:34:50 --> 00:34:53 thank you so much a pleasure as always
00:34:53 --> 00:34:57 and um we'll speak again soon I hope yes
00:34:57 --> 00:34:59 very soon probably uh for our final
00:34:59 --> 00:35:02 episode of the year thanks Fred uh
00:35:02 --> 00:35:03 Professor Fred Watson astronomer at
00:35:03 --> 00:35:06 large and thanks to Hugh in the studio
00:35:06 --> 00:35:08 who couldn't be with us because he was
00:35:08 --> 00:35:11 dealing with a dark matter boom boom and
00:35:11 --> 00:35:13 for me for me Andrew Dunley by the way
00:35:13 --> 00:35:15 don't forget to visit our website and
00:35:15 --> 00:35:17 our social media platforms and uh leave
00:35:17 --> 00:35:20 reviews on your podcasting platforms if
00:35:20 --> 00:35:22 you if you do uh don't mind uh reviews
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00:35:24 --> 00:35:27 word uh but for now thank you and we'll
00:35:27 --> 00:35:29 see you again on the next episode of
00:35:29 --> 00:35:32 Space Nuts bye-bye nuts you'll be
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