Emergency Return of Shenzhou 20: China's Shenzhou 20 spacecraft is making an uncrewed emergency return to Earth after sustaining damage from a micrometeoroid, which caused a crack in its window. The crew safely returned on a different vessel, marking a significant first for China's space program.
Galactic Neighborhoods Matter: The Deep Extragalactic Visible Legacy Survey (DEVELS) reveals that a galaxy's local environment significantly influences its evolution. Galaxies in crowded clusters exhibit slower star formation rates compared to isolated ones, providing crucial insights into cosmic evolution.
Launch Week Extravaganza: This week sees 10 scheduled orbital launches, including five Starlink missions by SpaceX, South Korea's COMSAT 7 satellite launch by Arianespace, and Japan's H3 rocket carrying a critical GPS satellite, highlighting the rapid advancements in the global space industry.
Ancient Mars Rivers: A new study identifies 16 massive ancient river drainage systems on Mars, suggesting a much wetter past. These findings offer promising locations for searching for signs of past Martian life, utilizing high-resolution data from Mars orbiters.
Solar Activity Alert: The sun has unleashed a powerful X 1.9 class solar flare, causing radio blackouts and raising concerns about future solar activity. Forecasters are closely monitoring a larger sunspot region that could impact Earth with potential geomagnetic disturbances.
Sustainable Space Practices: Experts advocate for a circular space economy to combat space debris, emphasizing the importance of designing durable, repairable satellites and creating multi-purpose space stations to ensure sustainable operations in orbit for future generations.
For more cosmic updates, visit our website at astronomydaily.io (http://www.astronomydaily.io/). Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, TikTok, and our new Instagram account! Don’t forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts.
Thank you for tuning in. This is Avery and Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and exploring the wonders of our universe.
✍️ Episode References
Shenzhou 20 Emergency Return
[China National Space Administration]( http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/ (http://www.cnsa.gov.cn/) )
DEVELS Survey Findings
[Astronomy Journal]( https://www.astronomy.com/ (https://www.astronomy.com/) )
Launch Week Highlights
[NASA Launch Schedule]( https://www.nasa.gov/launchschedule (https://www.nasa.gov/launchschedule) )
Mars River Systems Study
[Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter]( https://mars.nasa.gov/mro/ (https://mars.nasa.gov/mro/) )
Solar Activity Reports
[NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center]( https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/ (https://www.swpc.noaa.gov/) )
Circular Space Economy Initiatives
[Astroscale]( https://astroscale.com/ (https://astroscale.com/) )
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Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/30405097?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:02 Hello and welcome to [music] Astronomy
00:00:02 --> 00:00:04 Daily, the podcast that brings you the
00:00:04 --> 00:00:07 biggest news from across the cosmos. I'm
00:00:07 --> 00:00:09 Avery and as always, I'm joined by the
00:00:09 --> 00:00:11 brilliant Anna.
00:00:11 --> 00:00:14 >> Hi Avery and hello to all our listeners.
00:00:14 --> 00:00:16 We have a packed show [music] today
00:00:16 --> 00:00:18 covering everything from drama in low
00:00:18 --> 00:00:21 Earth orbit to the ancient history of
00:00:21 --> 00:00:22 Mars. [music]
00:00:22 --> 00:00:24 >> It's going to be a great one. Let's
00:00:24 --> 00:00:26 start with a story that sounds like
00:00:26 --> 00:00:28 something out of a movie. a damaged
00:00:28 --> 00:00:30 [music] spacecraft making an emergency
00:00:30 --> 00:00:32 return to Earth.
00:00:32 --> 00:00:33 >> That's right. We're talking about
00:00:33 --> 00:00:37 China's Shenzho 20 spacecraft. It was up
00:00:37 --> 00:00:40 at the Tong Gang space station, but it's
00:00:40 --> 00:00:43 now being sent back to Earth uncrrewed
00:00:43 --> 00:00:45 after sustaining some damage.
00:00:45 --> 00:00:48 >> Damage from what? This is the scary part
00:00:48 --> 00:00:50 of space travel.
00:00:50 --> 00:00:52 >> The suspected culprit is a
00:00:52 --> 00:00:55 micrometeoroid estimated to be smaller
00:00:55 --> 00:00:58 than 1 mm. It appears to have caused a
00:00:58 --> 00:01:00 crack in the window of the return
00:01:00 --> 00:01:01 capsule.
00:01:01 --> 00:01:04 >> Wow, less than 1 millm. It's amazing how
00:01:04 --> 00:01:07 something so tiny can be such a huge
00:01:07 --> 00:01:10 threat at orbital velocities. So, what
00:01:10 --> 00:01:11 happened to the crew?
00:01:11 --> 00:01:13 >> Well, this is where the safety protocols
00:01:13 --> 00:01:16 really shine. The crew was forced to
00:01:16 --> 00:01:18 return to Earth on a different vessel,
00:01:18 --> 00:01:22 the Shenzhia 19, which was docked as a
00:01:22 --> 00:01:24 lifeboat. This is actually a first for
00:01:24 --> 00:01:27 China's space program, having to use a
00:01:27 --> 00:01:29 backup ride home like this.
00:01:29 --> 00:01:32 >> That's a testament to good planning. So
00:01:32 --> 00:01:33 now they're bringing the damaged capsule
00:01:34 --> 00:01:36 back on its own to figure out exactly
00:01:36 --> 00:01:37 what happened.
00:01:37 --> 00:01:40 >> Exactly. The uncrrewed return will allow
00:01:40 --> 00:01:42 engineers to inspect the damage up
00:01:42 --> 00:01:44 close. It's a critical learning
00:01:44 --> 00:01:46 opportunity for understanding the
00:01:46 --> 00:01:49 realworld risks of orbital debris and
00:01:49 --> 00:01:50 micrometeoroids.
00:01:50 --> 00:01:53 >> Absolutely. Now, from the dangers in our
00:01:53 --> 00:01:56 cosmic neighborhood, let's zoom way out
00:01:56 --> 00:01:59 to look at how a galaxy's neighborhood
00:01:59 --> 00:02:01 shapes its entire life.
00:02:02 --> 00:02:04 >> Right. This comes from a huge project
00:02:04 --> 00:02:07 called the Deep Extragalactic Visible
00:02:07 --> 00:02:11 Legacy Survey, or Devils for short.
00:02:11 --> 00:02:13 >> Got to love the acronyms. So, what did
00:02:13 --> 00:02:15 the Devil's Survey find?
00:02:15 --> 00:02:17 >> It confirmed something astronomers have
00:02:17 --> 00:02:20 long suspected. that a galaxy's local
00:02:20 --> 00:02:22 environment, its neighborhood, has a
00:02:22 --> 00:02:25 huge impact on its evolution.
00:02:25 --> 00:02:28 >> So, it's cosmic real estate. Location,
00:02:28 --> 00:02:29 location, location.
00:02:29 --> 00:02:31 >> Pretty much. The data shows that
00:02:31 --> 00:02:33 galaxies in more crowded environments,
00:02:33 --> 00:02:36 like dense galaxy clusters, have much
00:02:36 --> 00:02:38 slower star forming rates compared to
00:02:38 --> 00:02:41 their more isolated cousins out in the
00:02:41 --> 00:02:42 cosmic voids.
00:02:42 --> 00:02:45 >> That makes sense. In a crowded cluster,
00:02:45 --> 00:02:46 there are more gravitational
00:02:46 --> 00:02:49 interactions, more mergers, and
00:02:49 --> 00:02:52 processes like ram pressure stripping,
00:02:52 --> 00:02:55 where a galaxy's star forming gas can be
00:02:55 --> 00:02:56 torn away as it moves through the
00:02:56 --> 00:02:57 cluster.
00:02:57 --> 00:02:59 >> That's the leading theory. And this new
00:03:00 --> 00:03:02 data release from Doubles provides some
00:03:02 --> 00:03:04 of the strongest evidence yet to back it
00:03:04 --> 00:03:07 up. It helps us understand why some
00:03:07 --> 00:03:09 galaxies are vibrant and full of new
00:03:09 --> 00:03:12 stars while others are old, red, and
00:03:12 --> 00:03:13 retired.
00:03:13 --> 00:03:16 >> It's cosmic evolution in action. The
00:03:16 --> 00:03:18 Devil's Survey is essentially creating a
00:03:18 --> 00:03:21 census of these different galactic
00:03:21 --> 00:03:23 lifestyles, helping us piece together
00:03:23 --> 00:03:25 the complete life cycle of galaxies
00:03:25 --> 00:03:27 across the universe.
00:03:27 --> 00:03:29 >> A fascinating study indeed.
00:03:29 --> 00:03:31 >> Speaking of crowded environments, things
00:03:31 --> 00:03:33 are getting very busy right here at
00:03:33 --> 00:03:36 home. This week is absolutely jam-packed
00:03:36 --> 00:03:38 with launches.
00:03:38 --> 00:03:41 >> It really is. There are 10 orbital
00:03:41 --> 00:03:43 launches on the calendar. Let's run
00:03:43 --> 00:03:45 through the highlights.
00:03:45 --> 00:03:48 >> Leading the charge, as usual, is SpaceX.
00:03:48 --> 00:03:50 They have a staggering five Starlink
00:03:50 --> 00:03:52 deployment missions scheduled for this
00:03:52 --> 00:03:54 week alone. The internet constellation
00:03:54 --> 00:03:57 just keeps growing. Then over in French
00:03:57 --> 00:04:00 Guana, Arian Space is set to launch
00:04:00 --> 00:04:03 South Korea's Comat 7 satellite, which
00:04:04 --> 00:04:06 is a very highresolution Earth
00:04:06 --> 00:04:07 observation satellite.
00:04:07 --> 00:04:10 >> Mhm. And don't forget Rocket Lab.
00:04:10 --> 00:04:11 They're launching from New Zealand
00:04:11 --> 00:04:13 carrying the Rays 4 Demonstrator
00:04:13 --> 00:04:16 Satellite for JAXA, the Japanese Space
00:04:16 --> 00:04:20 Agency. And speaking of Japan, their own
00:04:20 --> 00:04:23 new heavy lift rocket, the H3, is slated
00:04:23 --> 00:04:26 to launch a crucial navigation satellite
00:04:26 --> 00:04:29 for their national GPS system. Plus,
00:04:29 --> 00:04:31 China has two of their own launches
00:04:31 --> 00:04:33 scheduled. It's non-stop.
00:04:33 --> 00:04:35 >> That H3 rocket launch for Japan is
00:04:35 --> 00:04:37 particularly significant, isn't it?
00:04:37 --> 00:04:39 They've had a few setbacks with that
00:04:39 --> 00:04:39 program.
00:04:40 --> 00:04:43 >> It is. The H3 is Japan's next generation
00:04:43 --> 00:04:46 flagship rocket. Designed to be more
00:04:46 --> 00:04:48 affordable and flexible than its
00:04:48 --> 00:04:50 predecessor. A successful launch is
00:04:50 --> 00:04:53 crucial for securing Japan's independent
00:04:53 --> 00:04:55 access to space and for competing in the
00:04:55 --> 00:04:57 commercial launch market. This mission
00:04:58 --> 00:05:00 will be a major test of its capabilities
00:05:00 --> 00:05:03 and reliability after a failure on its
00:05:03 --> 00:05:04 debut flight.
00:05:04 --> 00:05:06 >> And the Comat 7 for South Korea, what's
00:05:06 --> 00:05:10 its primary role? Comat 7 is a powerful
00:05:10 --> 00:05:13 reconnaissance satellite. With its very
00:05:13 --> 00:05:15 high resolution imaging, it can be used
00:05:15 --> 00:05:17 for national security, disaster
00:05:18 --> 00:05:20 monitoring, and managing natural
00:05:20 --> 00:05:22 resources. It's part of a growing trend
00:05:22 --> 00:05:25 of nations developing their own advanced
00:05:25 --> 00:05:27 Earth observation capabilities.
00:05:27 --> 00:05:29 >> It really shows you the current pace of
00:05:29 --> 00:05:31 the global space industry. Okay, from
00:05:31 --> 00:05:34 low Earth orbit, let's journey to a
00:05:34 --> 00:05:36 place that was once much more active,
00:05:36 --> 00:05:38 the surface of Mars.
00:05:38 --> 00:05:41 >> This is one of my favorite stories this
00:05:41 --> 00:05:43 week. A new study has produced an
00:05:43 --> 00:05:47 incredible map of 16 massive ancient
00:05:47 --> 00:05:49 river drainage systems on Mars.
00:05:49 --> 00:05:52 >> 16 separate systems? Are we talking
00:05:52 --> 00:05:54 about small streams here?
00:05:54 --> 00:05:57 >> Not at all. The study says these systems
00:05:57 --> 00:05:59 are similar in scale to some of the
00:05:59 --> 00:06:02 large drainage basins we see on Earth.
00:06:02 --> 00:06:05 And get this, combined, these 16 systems
00:06:05 --> 00:06:07 transported nearly half of all the
00:06:07 --> 00:06:10 sediment that was ever moved by rowers
00:06:10 --> 00:06:12 on Mars. They were enormous.
00:06:12 --> 00:06:15 >> Half of all the sediment. That's
00:06:15 --> 00:06:17 mindboggling. It paints a picture of a
00:06:17 --> 00:06:20 very different, very wet ancient Mars.
00:06:20 --> 00:06:22 And I assume this has big implications
00:06:22 --> 00:06:25 for the search for life. Absolutely. The
00:06:25 --> 00:06:27 researchers identified these locations
00:06:27 --> 00:06:29 as extremely promising places to search
00:06:30 --> 00:06:33 for signs of past Martian life. If life
00:06:33 --> 00:06:35 ever existed on Mars, these ancient
00:06:35 --> 00:06:38 water carved river beds and deltas are
00:06:38 --> 00:06:40 some of the best places we could
00:06:40 --> 00:06:41 possibly look for evidence.
00:06:41 --> 00:06:43 >> It's incredible to think about how they
00:06:43 --> 00:06:45 piece this together. How do they map
00:06:45 --> 00:06:47 rivers that dried up billions of years
00:06:47 --> 00:06:50 ago? They use highresolution topographic
00:06:50 --> 00:06:52 data from orbiters like the Mars
00:06:52 --> 00:06:55 Reconnaissance Orbiter. Scientists can
00:06:55 --> 00:06:57 trace the faint outlines of river
00:06:57 --> 00:06:59 channels, deltas, and aluvial fans
00:06:59 --> 00:07:02 carved into the landscape. By analyzing
00:07:02 --> 00:07:05 the geology and the minology, looking
00:07:05 --> 00:07:07 for clays and carbonates that typically
00:07:07 --> 00:07:10 form in water, they can confirm these
00:07:10 --> 00:07:13 were indeed liquid water environments.
00:07:13 --> 00:07:15 It's like planetary scale archaeology.
00:07:15 --> 00:07:17 And if we do send her over there, what
00:07:17 --> 00:07:19 kind of bio signatures would they look
00:07:19 --> 00:07:21 for? Not fossils, I imagine.
00:07:21 --> 00:07:24 >> Probably not complex fossils. They'd be
00:07:24 --> 00:07:27 searching for chemical bio signatures,
00:07:27 --> 00:07:29 specific organic molecules or isotopic
00:07:29 --> 00:07:32 ratios that are difficult to explain
00:07:32 --> 00:07:34 through non-biological processes.
00:07:34 --> 00:07:37 Finding preserved microbial mats or
00:07:37 --> 00:07:39 stroalite like structures would be the
00:07:39 --> 00:07:42 absolute jackpot. But chemical traces
00:07:42 --> 00:07:44 are a more likely target. Well, let's
00:07:44 --> 00:07:46 hope a future rover gets to visit one of
00:07:46 --> 00:07:48 those spots. Okay, while Mars' water is
00:07:48 --> 00:07:51 long gone, our own star is incredibly
00:07:51 --> 00:07:53 active right now.
00:07:53 --> 00:07:56 >> That's an understatement. The sun just
00:07:56 --> 00:07:59 unleashed a powerful X1.9 class solar
00:07:59 --> 00:08:00 flare.
00:08:00 --> 00:08:03 >> And as a reminder for everyone, X-class
00:08:03 --> 00:08:05 flares are the biggest and most
00:08:05 --> 00:08:07 energetic category. This was a major
00:08:08 --> 00:08:08 event.
00:08:08 --> 00:08:12 >> It was. It erupted from a newly emerged
00:08:12 --> 00:08:14 sunspot region and caused a strong
00:08:14 --> 00:08:17 shortwave radio blackout over Australia
00:08:17 --> 00:08:19 and the surrounding region.
00:08:19 --> 00:08:21 >> But that's not even the main event, is
00:08:21 --> 00:08:23 it? There's something bigger on the
00:08:23 --> 00:08:24 horizon.
00:08:24 --> 00:08:26 >> Correct. The sunspot region that caused
00:08:26 --> 00:08:29 this flare is concerning. But an even
00:08:29 --> 00:08:32 larger and more complex region is now
00:08:32 --> 00:08:35 rotating into an earth-facing position.
00:08:35 --> 00:08:37 This is the very same sunspot that was
00:08:37 --> 00:08:40 responsible for the powerful flares and
00:08:40 --> 00:08:42 incredible aurora displays we saw last
00:08:42 --> 00:08:43 month.
00:08:43 --> 00:08:46 >> So, space weather forecasters are
00:08:46 --> 00:08:48 watching it very, very closely. We could
00:08:48 --> 00:08:51 be in for another active period.
00:08:51 --> 00:08:54 >> Indeed. And it's important to remember
00:08:54 --> 00:08:56 the potential impact. A strong
00:08:56 --> 00:08:59 earthdirected coronal mass ejection,
00:08:59 --> 00:09:01 which often accompanies these big
00:09:01 --> 00:09:03 flares, could disrupt our power grids,
00:09:03 --> 00:09:06 damage satellites, and interfere with
00:09:06 --> 00:09:09 GPS and communications. We're far more
00:09:09 --> 00:09:11 technologically dependent now than we
00:09:11 --> 00:09:12 were during the last major solar
00:09:12 --> 00:09:14 maximum.
00:09:14 --> 00:09:16 >> So, this isn't just about pretty
00:09:16 --> 00:09:18 auroras. There's a real need for
00:09:18 --> 00:09:20 accurate space weather forecasting to
00:09:20 --> 00:09:23 protect our infrastructure.
00:09:23 --> 00:09:26 >> Exactly. Agencies like Noah's Space
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 Weather Prediction Center work around
00:09:28 --> 00:09:31 the clock to monitor the sun. Their
00:09:31 --> 00:09:33 warnings give satellite operators time
00:09:33 --> 00:09:36 to put their spacecraft into safe modes
00:09:36 --> 00:09:38 and utility companies time to prepare
00:09:38 --> 00:09:40 their grids for potential geomagnetic
00:09:40 --> 00:09:43 disturbances. It's a critical and often
00:09:43 --> 00:09:45 unseen line of defense.
00:09:45 --> 00:09:48 >> Definitely. Now, all this activity we've
00:09:48 --> 00:09:51 discussed, the launches, the satellites,
00:09:51 --> 00:09:54 the debris, it all leads into our final
00:09:54 --> 00:09:56 story, which is about finding a
00:09:56 --> 00:10:00 sustainable way to operate in space.
00:10:00 --> 00:10:02 >> Right. The growing problem of space
00:10:02 --> 00:10:05 debris. What's the new idea for tackling
00:10:05 --> 00:10:06 it?
00:10:06 --> 00:10:09 >> Experts are strongly advocating for what
00:10:09 --> 00:10:12 they call a circular space economy. The
00:10:12 --> 00:10:14 idea is to move away from the
00:10:14 --> 00:10:16 traditional model of launching
00:10:16 --> 00:10:19 something, using it, and then abandoning
00:10:19 --> 00:10:21 it in orbit.
00:10:21 --> 00:10:23 >> So, it's about applying the principles
00:10:23 --> 00:10:26 of recycling and reuse that we talk
00:10:26 --> 00:10:28 about on Earth, but in orbit.
00:10:28 --> 00:10:31 >> Exactly. This means designing satellites
00:10:31 --> 00:10:34 and spacecraft for durability, for
00:10:34 --> 00:10:37 easier repair, and for potential reuse
00:10:37 --> 00:10:39 or recycling of their components. It
00:10:39 --> 00:10:42 also involves creating multi-purpose
00:10:42 --> 00:10:44 space stations that can serve as inorbit
00:10:44 --> 00:10:47 repair and refueling depots and
00:10:47 --> 00:10:49 developing technologies to actively go
00:10:49 --> 00:10:52 and recover existing debris.
00:10:52 --> 00:10:54 >> It's a huge but necessary shift in
00:10:54 --> 00:10:57 mindset. If we want space to remain
00:10:57 --> 00:11:00 accessible for future generations, we
00:11:00 --> 00:11:03 can't keep treating it like an infinite
00:11:03 --> 00:11:03 resource.
00:11:04 --> 00:11:06 >> That's the core of the argument. It's
00:11:06 --> 00:11:08 about building a sustainable future, not
00:11:08 --> 00:11:10 just for Earth, but for our activities
00:11:10 --> 00:11:11 beyond it.
00:11:11 --> 00:11:14 >> It seems like a monumental task. Are
00:11:14 --> 00:11:17 there companies actively working on this
00:11:17 --> 00:11:19 technology now, or is it still mostly
00:11:19 --> 00:11:20 theoretical?
00:11:20 --> 00:11:23 >> Oh, it's very much moving from theory to
00:11:23 --> 00:11:25 practice. You have companies like
00:11:25 --> 00:11:27 Astroscale developing satellites
00:11:27 --> 00:11:30 designed to capture and de-orbit space
00:11:30 --> 00:11:32 debris. Others are working on robotic
00:11:32 --> 00:11:35 arms for inorbit servicing to repair and
00:11:35 --> 00:11:38 refuel existing satellites, extending
00:11:38 --> 00:11:41 their operational lives. Even NASA is
00:11:41 --> 00:11:43 investing in technologies for inspace
00:11:43 --> 00:11:46 manufacturing and assembly, which
00:11:46 --> 00:11:48 reduces the need to launch massive
00:11:48 --> 00:11:51 monolithic structures from Earth.
00:11:51 --> 00:11:53 >> So, the building blocks are being put in
00:11:53 --> 00:11:55 place. It's not just about cleaning up
00:11:56 --> 00:11:58 the mess, but also about building
00:11:58 --> 00:12:00 smarter from the start. That's the
00:12:00 --> 00:12:03 fundamental shift. Sustainability have
00:12:03 --> 00:12:05 to be part of the design process from
00:12:05 --> 00:12:07 day one. It's an investment that will
00:12:08 --> 00:12:09 pay off by ensuring that the
00:12:09 --> 00:12:12 opportunities of space remain available
00:12:12 --> 00:12:13 for the long term.
00:12:13 --> 00:12:15 >> I couldn't have said it better.
00:12:15 --> 00:12:18 >> A perfect note to end on. And that is
00:12:18 --> 00:12:20 all the time we have for today's journey
00:12:20 --> 00:12:21 through the latest in space and
00:12:22 --> 00:12:23 astronomy.
00:12:23 --> 00:12:25 >> From near-earth challenges to the grand
00:12:25 --> 00:12:27 scale of the universe, there's always
00:12:27 --> 00:12:29 something new to discover. Thank you for
00:12:29 --> 00:12:30 tuning in.
00:12:30 --> 00:12:32 >> I'm Avery
00:12:32 --> 00:12:34 >> and I'm Anna. Join us tomorrow for
00:12:34 --> 00:12:37 another episode of Astronomy Daily.
00:12:37 --> 00:12:39 Until then, clear skies everyone and
00:12:39 --> 00:12:41 keep looking up. [music]
00:12:41 --> 00:12:51 [singing]
00:12:51 --> 00:12:55 Stories [music] told.