SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 125
*Discovery of the Most Distant Spiral Galaxy
Astronomers have identified the most distant spiral galaxy ever seen, named REBELS 25. This galaxy, observed as it was 13.1 billion years ago, challenges current models of galaxy formation with its orderly spiral structure, despite being from an era when the universe was just 700 million years old. The discovery, made using the ALMA radio telescope in Chile, offers new insights into the early universe and the evolution of galaxies.
*Record-Breaking Mantle Rock Recovery
Scientists have achieved a groundbreaking recovery of rocks from Earth's mantle, the planet's largest component. The 1268-meter-long section of mantle rock, retrieved from the Atlantic's mid-ocean ridge, provides new insights into the mantle's role in Earth's geological processes. The findings, published in Science, reveal unexpected levels of melting and composition, offering clues to the origins of life and volcanic activity.
*Launch of ESA's Hera Asteroid Mission
The European Space Agency's Hera mission has launched from Cape Canaveral, just ahead of Hurricane Milton. Hera will conduct a detailed study of the Didymos asteroid system, following NASA's successful Dart mission. The mission aims to enhance our understanding of asteroid deflection techniques, which could be crucial for planetary defense.
The Science Report
A new, highly transmissible Covid-19 variant, XEC, has been detected in Australia. The variant, a recombinant of two Omicron subvariants, is spreading rapidly and has been reported in 29 countries.
A consumer advocacy group reveals that car manufacturers are collecting and sharing extensive data from vehicles, raising privacy concerns.
A study finds that deactivating Facebook can improve well-being but may reduce political knowledge.
AMD's new AI chips set new standards for processing speed, outperforming competitors with their advanced capabilities.
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00:00:00 - This is spacetime series 27, episode 125 for broadcast on the 16 October 2024
00:00:47 - Astronomers have discovered the most distant spiral galaxy ever seen
00:03:14 - Scientists have recovered long section of rocks that originated in the Earths mantle
00:11:26 - NASA spacecraft to study asteroid Dimorphos and its tiny moon Didymos
00:13:56 - More than 35,000 asteroids pose a threat to Earth
00:18:45 - Hera will take two years to reach the asteroid system after launch
00:24:32 - New highly transmissible variant of the Covid-19 virus has been detected in Australia
00:27:29 - New study finds deactivating Facebook accounts reduces political knowledge
00:31:05 - spacetime is available every Monday, Wednesday, and Friday through various podcasting platforms
Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/23509482?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 this is spacetime series 27 episode 125
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 for broadcast on the 16th of October
00:00:06 --> 00:00:08 2024 coming up on
00:00:08 --> 00:00:10 SpaceTime Discovery the most distant
00:00:11 --> 00:00:13 spiral galaxy ever seen a
00:00:13 --> 00:00:15 record-breaking recovery of rocks that
00:00:15 --> 00:00:17 originated deep inside the Earth's
00:00:17 --> 00:00:20 mantle and the European space agency's
00:00:20 --> 00:00:23 Hera asteroid Mission launches from Cape
00:00:23 --> 00:00:27 canaval all that and more coming up on
00:00:27 --> 00:00:30 SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with
00:00:30 --> 00:00:32 Stuart
00:00:32 --> 00:00:39 [Music]
00:00:46 --> 00:00:48 Gary astronomers have discovered the
00:00:48 --> 00:00:52 most distant spiral galaxy ever seen the
00:00:52 --> 00:00:55 Galaxy cataloged as Rebels 25 seems to
00:00:55 --> 00:00:57 be every bit as orderly as present day
00:00:57 --> 00:01:00 spiral galaxies but it's being observed
00:01:00 --> 00:01:03 some 13.1 billion years ago that's a
00:01:03 --> 00:01:05 time when the universe was only 700
00:01:05 --> 00:01:07 million years old the findings reported
00:01:07 --> 00:01:09 in the monthly notice of the Royal
00:01:09 --> 00:01:11 Astronomical Society are surprising
00:01:11 --> 00:01:13 that's because according to science's
00:01:13 --> 00:01:14 current understanding of Galactic
00:01:14 --> 00:01:16 formation such early galaxies are
00:01:16 --> 00:01:19 expected to appear far more chaotic the
00:01:19 --> 00:01:22 rotation and structure of rebels 25 were
00:01:22 --> 00:01:24 revealed using Alma the atakama large
00:01:24 --> 00:01:26 millim submillimeter array radio
00:01:26 --> 00:01:29 telescope in Chile's atakama desert one
00:01:29 --> 00:01:31 of of the study's authors jacquelene
00:01:31 --> 00:01:33 Hodge from lden University says the
00:01:33 --> 00:01:36 galaxies we see today have come a long
00:01:36 --> 00:01:38 way from their chaotic clumpy counter
00:01:38 --> 00:01:39 Parts which astronomers typically
00:01:39 --> 00:01:42 observe in the early Universe scientists
00:01:42 --> 00:01:45 expect most early galaxies to be small
00:01:45 --> 00:01:47 and messy looking these Messi early
00:01:47 --> 00:01:49 galaxies then merge with each other and
00:01:49 --> 00:01:51 then gradually over billions of years
00:01:51 --> 00:01:54 they evolve into smoother shapes current
00:01:54 --> 00:01:57 theories suggest that for a Galaxy to be
00:01:57 --> 00:01:59 as odly as well say our own spiral
00:01:59 --> 00:02:01 galaxy in the Milky Way a rotating disc
00:02:01 --> 00:02:03 with tidy structures like elegant
00:02:03 --> 00:02:05 sweeping spiral arms billions of years
00:02:05 --> 00:02:09 of evolution must have elapsed however
00:02:09 --> 00:02:11 the detection of rebels 25 challenges
00:02:11 --> 00:02:14 that time scale Rebels 25 was initially
00:02:14 --> 00:02:16 detected in a previous observation by
00:02:16 --> 00:02:19 the same team also using Alma at the
00:02:19 --> 00:02:21 time it was already considered an
00:02:21 --> 00:02:23 exciting Discovery showing hints of
00:02:23 --> 00:02:25 rotation but the resolution of the data
00:02:25 --> 00:02:28 wasn't fine enough to be sure so to
00:02:28 --> 00:02:30 properly discern the structure in motion
00:02:30 --> 00:02:32 of the Galaxy the authors performed
00:02:32 --> 00:02:33 follow-up observations at higher
00:02:33 --> 00:02:36 resolutions and that confirmed its
00:02:36 --> 00:02:39 record-breaking nature surprisingly the
00:02:39 --> 00:02:41 data is also hinted at more developed
00:02:41 --> 00:02:43 features similar to those in the Milky
00:02:43 --> 00:02:45 Way like a central elongated bar
00:02:45 --> 00:02:47 although more observations will be
00:02:47 --> 00:02:49 needed to confirm this the bottom line
00:02:50 --> 00:02:52 is these new observations of rebels 25
00:02:52 --> 00:02:54 are transforming science's understanding
00:02:55 --> 00:02:57 of early Galaxy formation and
00:02:57 --> 00:02:59 consequently the evolution of the
00:02:59 --> 00:03:03 universe as as a whole this is spacetime
00:03:03 --> 00:03:05 still to come the record-breaking
00:03:05 --> 00:03:07 recovery of rocks that originated in the
00:03:07 --> 00:03:10 Earth's mantle and the European space
00:03:10 --> 00:03:12 agency's Hera asteroid Mission finally
00:03:12 --> 00:03:14 launches from Cape Canaveral all that
00:03:14 --> 00:03:19 and more still to come on SpaceTime
00:03:19 --> 00:03:33 [Music]
00:03:33 --> 00:03:35 scientists have recovered the first ever
00:03:35 --> 00:03:38 long section of rocks that originated in
00:03:38 --> 00:03:40 the Earth's mantle the mantle is the
00:03:40 --> 00:03:42 layer below the crust and the planet's
00:03:42 --> 00:03:45 largest component making up about 80% of
00:03:45 --> 00:03:47 the Earth's volume the retrieval of
00:03:47 --> 00:03:49 these new rocks will help unravel the
00:03:50 --> 00:03:52 Mantle's role in the origins of life on
00:03:52 --> 00:03:55 Earth how it drives Global cycles of
00:03:55 --> 00:03:56 important elements such as carbon and
00:03:56 --> 00:03:59 hydrogen and how volcanic activities
00:03:59 --> 00:04:01 generate ated when parts of the mantle
00:04:01 --> 00:04:05 melt the nearly continuous 1 M of
00:04:05 --> 00:04:07 mantle Rock were recovered from what's
00:04:07 --> 00:04:09 called a tectonic window that's a
00:04:09 --> 00:04:11 section of seabed where rocks from the M
00:04:11 --> 00:04:13 were exposed along the Atlantic's mid
00:04:13 --> 00:04:15 ocean ridge the expedition was
00:04:16 --> 00:04:18 undertaken by the ocean drilling vessel
00:04:18 --> 00:04:20 jordi's resolution last year with
00:04:20 --> 00:04:22 attempts stating all the way back to the
00:04:22 --> 00:04:24 early 1960s this recovery was a
00:04:25 --> 00:04:27 record-breaking achievement led by the
00:04:27 --> 00:04:29 international oceans Discovery program a
00:04:29 --> 00:04:30 Marine Marine research Consortium
00:04:31 --> 00:04:32 involving more than 20 countries that
00:04:32 --> 00:04:35 retrieves cause cylindrical samples of
00:04:35 --> 00:04:37 sediment and rock from the ocean floor
00:04:37 --> 00:04:39 in order to study Earth's history since
00:04:39 --> 00:04:41 its successful collection the Expedition
00:04:41 --> 00:04:43 has been compiling an inventory of the
00:04:43 --> 00:04:45 recovered mantle rocks in order to
00:04:45 --> 00:04:47 better understand their composition
00:04:47 --> 00:04:50 structure and context and their findings
00:04:50 --> 00:04:51 reported in the journal science are
00:04:51 --> 00:04:53 revealing a more extensive history of
00:04:53 --> 00:04:55 melting in the recovered rocks than what
00:04:55 --> 00:04:58 was expected the study's lead author
00:04:58 --> 00:05:00 Johan lenberg from C University says
00:05:00 --> 00:05:02 this recovery is a major achievement in
00:05:02 --> 00:05:04 the history of Earth Sciences but more
00:05:05 --> 00:05:07 than that its value is in what the cause
00:05:07 --> 00:05:09 of metal rocks tells us about the makeup
00:05:09 --> 00:05:12 and evolution of our planet the study
00:05:12 --> 00:05:13 begins to look at the composition of the
00:05:13 --> 00:05:15 matter by documenting the minerology of
00:05:15 --> 00:05:17 the recovered rocks as well as their
00:05:17 --> 00:05:20 chemical makeup and the results differ
00:05:20 --> 00:05:22 from what was expected there's a lot
00:05:22 --> 00:05:25 less of the mineral pyxine in the Rocks
00:05:25 --> 00:05:27 than what was thought there would be and
00:05:27 --> 00:05:28 the Rocks also have far higher
00:05:28 --> 00:05:30 concentrations than expected of
00:05:30 --> 00:05:32 magnesium now both of these are the
00:05:32 --> 00:05:34 results of higher levels of melting than
00:05:34 --> 00:05:37 what had been previously predicted this
00:05:37 --> 00:05:39 melting occurs as the mle rises from
00:05:39 --> 00:05:41 deeper parts of the earth towards the
00:05:41 --> 00:05:44 surface as it moves up to the surface
00:05:44 --> 00:05:45 pressure is relieved and the solid
00:05:45 --> 00:05:48 mantle starts to liquefy the results
00:05:48 --> 00:05:50 from further analysis of this process
00:05:50 --> 00:05:52 will have major implications for
00:05:52 --> 00:05:53 understanding how magma is formed and
00:05:53 --> 00:05:56 how that leads to volcanism the authors
00:05:56 --> 00:05:58 also found channels through which the M
00:05:58 --> 00:05:59 was transported through the mantle and
00:06:00 --> 00:06:01 so they were able to track the fade of
00:06:01 --> 00:06:03 magma after it formed and traveled
00:06:03 --> 00:06:06 upwards towards the surface this is
00:06:06 --> 00:06:08 important because it to sites how the
00:06:08 --> 00:06:10 manle melts and feeds volcanoes
00:06:10 --> 00:06:12 especially those on the ocean floor
00:06:12 --> 00:06:13 which accounts for the majority of
00:06:13 --> 00:06:16 volcanism on Earth having access to
00:06:16 --> 00:06:18 these mantle rocks will now allow
00:06:18 --> 00:06:19 scientists to make the connection
00:06:19 --> 00:06:21 between the volcanoes and the ultimate
00:06:21 --> 00:06:24 source of their magmas the study also
00:06:24 --> 00:06:26 provides initial results on how Olivine
00:06:26 --> 00:06:28 and abundant mineral in mantle rocks
00:06:28 --> 00:06:30 reacts with sea water water leading to a
00:06:30 --> 00:06:32 series of chemical reactions that end up
00:06:32 --> 00:06:35 producing hydrogen and other molecules
00:06:35 --> 00:06:37 which can fuel life in fact scientists
00:06:37 --> 00:06:39 believe that this might have been one of
00:06:39 --> 00:06:41 the underpinning processes which
00:06:41 --> 00:06:44 resulted in the origins of life on Earth
00:06:44 --> 00:06:46 rocks that were present early on Earth
00:06:46 --> 00:06:48 bear a closer resemblance to those
00:06:48 --> 00:06:50 retrieved during this Expedition than
00:06:50 --> 00:06:52 the more common rocks that make up the
00:06:52 --> 00:06:55 continents today so analyzing them gives
00:06:55 --> 00:06:57 scientists A crucial view of the
00:06:57 --> 00:06:58 chemical and physical environments that
00:06:58 --> 00:07:00 would have been present early in Earth's
00:07:00 --> 00:07:02 history and that could have provided a
00:07:03 --> 00:07:05 consistent source of fuel and favorable
00:07:05 --> 00:07:06 conditions over geologically long time
00:07:07 --> 00:07:09 scales to have hosted the very earliest
00:07:09 --> 00:07:12 forms of life and that's worth thinking
00:07:12 --> 00:07:16 about this is spacetime still to come
00:07:16 --> 00:07:19 Europe's Hera asteroid Mission launches
00:07:19 --> 00:07:21 into space and later in the science
00:07:21 --> 00:07:23 report a new highly transmissible
00:07:23 --> 00:07:25 version of covid-19 has arrived in
00:07:25 --> 00:07:27 Australia all that and more still to
00:07:27 --> 00:07:31 come on SpaceTime
00:07:31 --> 00:07:45 [Music]
00:07:45 --> 00:07:47 SpaceX have managed to sneak in the
00:07:47 --> 00:07:48 launch of the European space agency's
00:07:48 --> 00:07:50 Hera asteroid inspection Mission just
00:07:50 --> 00:07:53 hours before the Milton the monster show
00:07:53 --> 00:07:56 Hurrican slammed into Florida however
00:07:56 --> 00:07:57 while they were able to get Hera off
00:07:57 --> 00:07:59 into space they were forced to scrub
00:07:59 --> 00:08:01 plans to also launch NASA's Europa
00:08:01 --> 00:08:03 Clipper mission to the Jovian ice Moon
00:08:03 --> 00:08:05 because of the approaching Category 5
00:08:05 --> 00:08:08 tropical Cyclone SpaceX got the approval
00:08:08 --> 00:08:10 to launch the Falcon 9 which had been
00:08:10 --> 00:08:12 grounded since late September's crew 9
00:08:12 --> 00:08:14 mission to the International Space
00:08:14 --> 00:08:15 Station because of an issue with the
00:08:15 --> 00:08:17 Falcon 9's upper stage missing its
00:08:17 --> 00:08:20 intended re-entry Target the FAA
00:08:20 --> 00:08:22 approved the Hera Mission as its launch
00:08:22 --> 00:08:24 wasn't going to feature a second stage
00:08:24 --> 00:08:26 re-entry the mission was flown from
00:08:26 --> 00:08:28 space launch complex 40 at the cape
00:08:28 --> 00:08:30 canaval space force station just a day
00:08:30 --> 00:08:32 before Milton began to make its presence
00:08:32 --> 00:08:35 felt along the Gulf Coast it was also
00:08:35 --> 00:08:37 the 23rd and final launch for the same
00:08:37 --> 00:08:39 first stage booster which needed to use
00:08:39 --> 00:08:41 up all its fuel in order to place Hera
00:08:41 --> 00:08:43 into its interplanetary transfer orbit
00:08:43 --> 00:08:45 all systems are go let's listen in
00:08:45 --> 00:08:48 terminal count LD go for launch Falcon 9
00:08:48 --> 00:08:50 transports the European space agencies
00:08:50 --> 00:08:59 Hera spacecraft into space 10 9 8 7 6 5
00:08:59 --> 00:09:04 4 4 3 2 1 ignition engine's full power
00:09:05 --> 00:09:08 and lift off go Hera go falcon go safe
00:09:08 --> 00:09:11 vehicle is pitching down range stage one
00:09:11 --> 00:09:13 propulsion is nominal at t plus 30
00:09:13 --> 00:09:15 seconds in counting Falcon 9 has
00:09:15 --> 00:09:17 successfully lifted off from slick 40
00:09:17 --> 00:09:19 after clearing the tire we begin to tilt
00:09:19 --> 00:09:22 or gimble the engines that initiates a
00:09:22 --> 00:09:23 roll maneuver this enables the vehicle
00:09:23 --> 00:09:25 antennas to stay in the best position
00:09:25 --> 00:09:27 for communicating with the ground we are
00:09:27 --> 00:09:30 into Throttle Down now in preparation
00:09:30 --> 00:09:33 for Max Dynamic Aero Falcon supersonic
00:09:33 --> 00:09:34 faster than a speeding bullet we're
00:09:34 --> 00:09:37 supersonic on Falcon 9 waiting for the
00:09:37 --> 00:09:40 call out from GNC of Max Q Max Q right
00:09:40 --> 00:09:42 on time we're through the period of
00:09:42 --> 00:09:44 maximum pressure on the vehicle the
00:09:44 --> 00:09:46 Merlin engines are back at Power and
00:09:46 --> 00:09:47 we're out of the throttle bucket now
00:09:47 --> 00:09:50 from here on even though the velocity is
00:09:50 --> 00:09:52 rapidly increasing the atmospheric
00:09:52 --> 00:09:54 density is decreasing and that's
00:09:54 --> 00:09:56 resulting on less loads on the Falcon 9
00:09:56 --> 00:09:58 90 seconds into flight the rocket
00:09:58 --> 00:10:02 typically needs to go 17 mph
00:10:02 --> 00:10:04 horizontally in order to avoid gravity
00:10:04 --> 00:10:06 pulling it back down to earth and
00:10:06 --> 00:10:07 getting into orbit we've heard the call
00:10:07 --> 00:10:09 out for mvac chill that's a bleed valve
00:10:09 --> 00:10:11 on the second stage engine that's
00:10:11 --> 00:10:13 performing the final chill prior to
00:10:13 --> 00:10:15 Second Stage engine ignition all is
00:10:15 --> 00:10:16 looking good with the first stage
00:10:16 --> 00:10:18 trajectory we're coming up on t plus 2
00:10:18 --> 00:10:20 minutes now we've got three events
00:10:20 --> 00:10:22 that'll be coming up in just under 30
00:10:22 --> 00:10:24 seconds main engine cut off the nine
00:10:24 --> 00:10:25 Merlin engines will be throttled down
00:10:25 --> 00:10:27 and shut down then we'll get stage
00:10:27 --> 00:10:30 separation and then start up of the mvac
00:10:30 --> 00:10:32 engine on its first of two burns on the
00:10:32 --> 00:10:34 second stage we begun throttling down
00:10:34 --> 00:10:36 the Merlin engines main engine cut off
00:10:36 --> 00:10:39 call for Meo stage separation successful
00:10:39 --> 00:10:41 stage separation mvac ignition mvac
00:10:41 --> 00:10:44 ignition and wound power on stage two
00:10:44 --> 00:10:47 coming up will be fairing deployment and
00:10:47 --> 00:10:49 for the first stage farewell 1061 and we
00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 thank you as we continue climbing out of
00:10:52 --> 00:10:55 Earth's atmosphere fairing separation
00:10:55 --> 00:10:57 and successful payload fairing
00:10:57 --> 00:10:59 separation as we mentioned earlier the
00:10:59 --> 00:11:01 fairing Hales have supported multiple
00:11:01 --> 00:11:04 missions one half has flown 12 now 13
00:11:04 --> 00:11:06 missions and the other had previously
00:11:07 --> 00:11:09 flown 18 and those fairing halves will
00:11:09 --> 00:11:11 come back down to earth they're Guided
00:11:11 --> 00:11:14 by cold gas thrusters and then uh
00:11:14 --> 00:11:16 parachutes or paroil on a nominal
00:11:16 --> 00:11:18 trajectory they'll deploy and they'll be
00:11:18 --> 00:11:21 recovered by our recovery vessel Doug
00:11:21 --> 00:11:24 Jesse t+ 4 minutes 23 seconds everything
00:11:24 --> 00:11:26 continues to look good on Falcon 9 with
00:11:26 --> 00:11:30 Hera the 1 kg Hera spacecraft is now
00:11:30 --> 00:11:33 on a 2-year Journey to the near Earth
00:11:33 --> 00:11:35 asteroid dimorphus and its Tiny Moon
00:11:35 --> 00:11:38 didymos diddos was the target of NASA's
00:11:38 --> 00:11:40 Dart double asteroid redirection test
00:11:40 --> 00:11:42 which was designed to slam and impact a
00:11:42 --> 00:11:44 spacecraft into an asteroid to see
00:11:44 --> 00:11:46 whether it could be deflected onto a
00:11:46 --> 00:11:49 different trajectory the D spacecraft
00:11:49 --> 00:11:51 hit ddy moss on September the 26th 2022
00:11:52 --> 00:11:53 altering its orbit around dimorphus
00:11:54 --> 00:11:56 shortening it by 32 minutes and leaving
00:11:56 --> 00:11:58 a massive crater and debris cloud in its
00:11:58 --> 00:12:01 wake the test marked the first time that
00:12:01 --> 00:12:03 Humanity had demonstrated its ability to
00:12:03 --> 00:12:06 deflect an asteroid thereby providing
00:12:06 --> 00:12:08 proof of concept that we just might be
00:12:08 --> 00:12:10 able to protect the Earth from potential
00:12:10 --> 00:12:11 asteroid impact by altering the
00:12:11 --> 00:12:14 asteroid's path of course that's if we
00:12:14 --> 00:12:16 know about the asteroid early enough
00:12:16 --> 00:12:19 Hera together with its two Cube sets
00:12:19 --> 00:12:21 melani and Juventus will undertake an
00:12:21 --> 00:12:23 extensive forensic evaluation of exactly
00:12:23 --> 00:12:25 what happened in the wake of the D
00:12:25 --> 00:12:27 impact the mission will help answer
00:12:27 --> 00:12:30 outstanding questions such as the exact
00:12:30 --> 00:12:32 mass and composition of dimorphus the
00:12:32 --> 00:12:34 structural effects of the impact the
00:12:34 --> 00:12:35 size of the crater formed by the
00:12:35 --> 00:12:37 collision and Analysis of the expanding
00:12:37 --> 00:12:39 debris Cloud caused by the impact and
00:12:40 --> 00:12:41 where the dimorphus might actually have
00:12:41 --> 00:12:43 been fractured by the collision and is
00:12:43 --> 00:12:46 now only held together by weak Gravity
00:12:46 --> 00:12:48 the two Cube sets will help with the
00:12:48 --> 00:12:50 study and eventually land on the
00:12:50 --> 00:12:53 asteroid this report from E
00:12:53 --> 00:12:57 TV 2 years ago NASA made history by
00:12:57 --> 00:12:59 intentionally slamming into an AS with
00:12:59 --> 00:13:00 its start
00:13:00 --> 00:13:03 Mission the asteroid wasn't a threat to
00:13:03 --> 00:13:05 us here on Earth but scientists wanted
00:13:05 --> 00:13:07 to see if they could change the path of
00:13:07 --> 00:13:09 an asteroid to test a technique that
00:13:09 --> 00:13:11 could one day protect us from a real
00:13:12 --> 00:13:15 threat the experiment was a success
00:13:15 --> 00:13:17 humans can move an
00:13:17 --> 00:13:19 asteroid but the bad news is that
00:13:19 --> 00:13:21 scientists aren't sure yet they
00:13:21 --> 00:13:23 understand why it worked there is still
00:13:23 --> 00:13:25 a lot we don't know like what exactly
00:13:25 --> 00:13:27 happened on the asteroid Surface after
00:13:27 --> 00:13:30 the impact what the the asteroid is made
00:13:30 --> 00:13:33 of and how well the deflection
00:13:33 --> 00:13:36 worked hero spacecraft will Li to that
00:13:36 --> 00:13:39 same asteroid to answer all of our
00:13:39 --> 00:13:41 questions here will perform a close-up
00:13:41 --> 00:13:44 crash scene investigation Gathering data
00:13:44 --> 00:13:47 on the asteroids Mass structure and
00:13:47 --> 00:13:49 makeup to turn this kinetic impact
00:13:49 --> 00:13:52 method of planetary defense into a well
00:13:52 --> 00:13:55 understood and repeatable
00:13:55 --> 00:13:58 technique why do we need to protect our
00:13:58 --> 00:14:01 planet in 1908 people reported a bright
00:14:01 --> 00:14:03 flash and a noise that sounded like a
00:14:03 --> 00:14:06 bomb 10 minutes later this was from the
00:14:06 --> 00:14:08 largest observed asteroid strike ever
00:14:08 --> 00:14:11 recorded which occurred over the Tanga
00:14:11 --> 00:14:14 region in Siberia people up to 500 M
00:14:14 --> 00:14:16 away reported seeing the flash some
00:14:16 --> 00:14:18 claimed it was even brighter than the
00:14:18 --> 00:14:22 sun the explosion was massive causing 80
00:14:22 --> 00:14:24 million trees to flatten windows up to
00:14:24 --> 00:14:28 250 M away to smash and the effects of
00:14:28 --> 00:14:30 the shock wave could even be felt in
00:14:30 --> 00:14:32 London this represented a lucky Escape
00:14:32 --> 00:14:35 for Europe it happened just a short
00:14:35 --> 00:14:36 distance from affecting heavily
00:14:36 --> 00:14:38 populated
00:14:38 --> 00:14:41 regions as a result Issa NASA and other
00:14:41 --> 00:14:43 space agencies started closely
00:14:43 --> 00:14:45 monitoring space to track potentially
00:14:45 --> 00:14:48 dangerous asteroids so far we have found
00:14:48 --> 00:14:51 more than 35 asteroids whose orbits
00:14:52 --> 00:14:54 bring them dangerously close to Earth
00:14:54 --> 00:14:56 but if one was on a collision course
00:14:56 --> 00:14:59 with us what could we do to answer to
00:14:59 --> 00:15:01 this question an international team came
00:15:01 --> 00:15:03 up with the first planetary defense
00:15:03 --> 00:15:06 Mission Dart to hit the asteroid and her
00:15:06 --> 00:15:10 it to gather data after the
00:15:10 --> 00:15:12 impact knowing there are so many
00:15:12 --> 00:15:14 asteroids that could be a danger to us
00:15:15 --> 00:15:18 how did we pick one to explore the
00:15:18 --> 00:15:20 asteroid that Dart hit and that our Hera
00:15:20 --> 00:15:22 spacecraft will now visit is called
00:15:23 --> 00:15:25 dimorphus It's a small asteroid about
00:15:25 --> 00:15:28 half the size of the AEL Tower but if it
00:15:28 --> 00:15:30 impacted Earth it could devastate a
00:15:30 --> 00:15:33 small country or city dimorphus orbits a
00:15:33 --> 00:15:36 larger asteroid called dimus which hero
00:15:36 --> 00:15:39 will also visit together the two
00:15:39 --> 00:15:42 asteroids form the didus system here are
00:15:42 --> 00:15:43 some of the reasons why scientists
00:15:43 --> 00:15:45 decided to explore the didus system
00:15:45 --> 00:15:48 among all the asteroids out
00:15:48 --> 00:15:50 there the two asteroids are not a real
00:15:50 --> 00:15:53 threat to Earth so nudging one of them
00:15:53 --> 00:15:55 wouldn't accidentally set it on a crash
00:15:55 --> 00:15:58 course to Earth the system passes
00:15:58 --> 00:16:00 relatively close to Earth so they are
00:16:00 --> 00:16:04 not impossible to get to the 150 M
00:16:04 --> 00:16:07 diameter of dimorphus is important we
00:16:07 --> 00:16:10 know about 95% of all near Earth objects
00:16:10 --> 00:16:13 larger than 1 kilometer in size but the
00:16:13 --> 00:16:15 majority of smaller asteroids are yet to
00:16:15 --> 00:16:18 be discovered despite their City killing
00:16:18 --> 00:16:21 potential since dimorphus orbits dimus
00:16:21 --> 00:16:23 we can easily see any changes in its
00:16:23 --> 00:16:25 orbit from
00:16:25 --> 00:16:27 Earth so what are we expecting to see on
00:16:28 --> 00:16:31 dimorphus we asked one of our experts
00:16:31 --> 00:16:32 Patrick Michelle the principal
00:16:32 --> 00:16:35 investigator of the Hera mission to find
00:16:35 --> 00:16:38 out more so what you expect to find on
00:16:38 --> 00:16:40 Doro that's a big question actually we
00:16:40 --> 00:16:43 don't really know because the D Mission
00:16:43 --> 00:16:46 by NAA made an impact on dorus and based
00:16:46 --> 00:16:48 on the current data that we have from
00:16:48 --> 00:16:50 this Mission there are different
00:16:50 --> 00:16:54 solutions so Doros May host a crater
00:16:54 --> 00:16:56 whose size is unknown or it could be
00:16:56 --> 00:16:59 completely reshaped prior to dart's
00:16:59 --> 00:17:02 impact it took dimorphus 11 hours and 55
00:17:02 --> 00:17:05 minutes to orbit its larger parent
00:17:05 --> 00:17:07 asteroid since the Collision astronomers
00:17:08 --> 00:17:09 have found that the spacecraft's impact
00:17:09 --> 00:17:12 altered dimorphous orbit around dimus by
00:17:12 --> 00:17:15 33 minutes shortening the orbit to 11
00:17:15 --> 00:17:18 hours and 22 minutes the mission was
00:17:18 --> 00:17:21 deemed a large success but to learn more
00:17:21 --> 00:17:22 about these asteroids physical
00:17:22 --> 00:17:25 properties and Arts Impact outcome we
00:17:25 --> 00:17:28 need to visit them initially we thought
00:17:28 --> 00:17:30 that when Dart crashed into dimorphus it
00:17:30 --> 00:17:33 would create a big impact crater
00:17:33 --> 00:17:35 potentially the first one ever made by
00:17:35 --> 00:17:37 humans but now scientists think there
00:17:37 --> 00:17:39 might not be a crater on dimorphus after
00:17:39 --> 00:17:42 all more recent simulations suggest the
00:17:43 --> 00:17:44 impact might have completely changed the
00:17:45 --> 00:17:47 asteroids shape scientists estimate that
00:17:47 --> 00:17:50 around 8% of the asteroids Mass was
00:17:50 --> 00:17:53 shifted around its body and 1% of the
00:17:53 --> 00:17:56 entire mass of dimorphus was thrown into
00:17:56 --> 00:17:58 space some of which may reach as here at
00:17:58 --> 00:18:00 Earth as small
00:18:00 --> 00:18:02 meteoroids so the dart impact generated
00:18:02 --> 00:18:05 a lot of ejector a lot of material that
00:18:05 --> 00:18:07 is still you know escaping from the
00:18:07 --> 00:18:09 system at tens of thousands of
00:18:09 --> 00:18:12 kilometers from the morphus and it may
00:18:12 --> 00:18:14 be that some small particles eventually
00:18:14 --> 00:18:17 reach Mars or the Earth but in the form
00:18:17 --> 00:18:19 of shooting stars like like what you see
00:18:19 --> 00:18:22 in the sky during the night so with no
00:18:22 --> 00:18:24 risk we don't know what it looks like
00:18:24 --> 00:18:25 now so there going to be a lot of
00:18:25 --> 00:18:28 surprises I'm so excited because in two
00:18:28 --> 00:18:31 years we we have the answer crater or no
00:18:31 --> 00:18:33 crater we need to go back to dimorphus
00:18:33 --> 00:18:35 to study the aftermath of the impact
00:18:35 --> 00:18:37 this will help us turn the dart
00:18:37 --> 00:18:39 deflection experiment into a well
00:18:39 --> 00:18:41 understood repeatable technique that
00:18:41 --> 00:18:44 might one day be needed for
00:18:44 --> 00:18:47 real so we know it will take us 2 years
00:18:47 --> 00:18:50 to reach the asteroids after launch but
00:18:50 --> 00:18:53 how do we get there on its way Hera will
00:18:53 --> 00:18:57 make a swing by of Mars in March 2025
00:18:57 --> 00:18:59 borrowing speed to help reach its
00:18:59 --> 00:19:02 destination in the process hero will get
00:19:02 --> 00:19:05 as close as 6 km from the surface of
00:19:05 --> 00:19:08 the red planet closer than the orbits of
00:19:08 --> 00:19:10 the two Martian
00:19:10 --> 00:19:13 moons her's trajectory will be tweaked
00:19:13 --> 00:19:15 so that it can train its science
00:19:15 --> 00:19:17 instruments onto Mars's smaller Moon
00:19:17 --> 00:19:21 Demas for less than 1 km away a
00:19:21 --> 00:19:23 practice run for when it reaches the
00:19:23 --> 00:19:25 asteroid system while also observing
00:19:25 --> 00:19:29 Mars itself
00:19:29 --> 00:19:32 a second deep space maneuver in February
00:19:32 --> 00:19:34 2026 will line Hera up for arrival at
00:19:35 --> 00:19:37 the dimus system hero will have an
00:19:37 --> 00:19:40 impulsive Rondo Buu with the system in
00:19:40 --> 00:19:41 October
00:19:41 --> 00:19:43 2026 meaning it will be captured by
00:19:44 --> 00:19:47 their gravity and begin to orbit digus
00:19:47 --> 00:19:51 gravity is estimated to be around 40
00:19:51 --> 00:19:54 times weaker than Earth's while dioros
00:19:54 --> 00:19:58 is approximately 200 times weaker
00:19:58 --> 00:20:00 this is so so low that hero must orbit
00:20:00 --> 00:20:02 around their common center of gravity at
00:20:02 --> 00:20:06 very low velocity to remain captured to
00:20:06 --> 00:20:08 maintain the optimal distance for
00:20:08 --> 00:20:10 studying the asteroids Hero's orbit will
00:20:10 --> 00:20:13 need regular adjustments otherwise the
00:20:13 --> 00:20:15 spacecraft could gradually drift away
00:20:15 --> 00:20:18 from them the possibility of Hera
00:20:18 --> 00:20:19 touching down on one of the poles of
00:20:19 --> 00:20:22 dimus at the end of its mission is being
00:20:22 --> 00:20:24 considered although it has not been
00:20:24 --> 00:20:26 specifically designed for landing it
00:20:26 --> 00:20:29 could descend towards the surface
00:20:29 --> 00:20:31 however one the surface hero will no
00:20:31 --> 00:20:33 longer be able to communicate with us on
00:20:33 --> 00:20:35 Earth effectively bringing the mission
00:20:35 --> 00:20:36 to an
00:20:36 --> 00:20:39 end what types of Technology do we need
00:20:39 --> 00:20:42 to inspect an asteroid although hero
00:20:42 --> 00:20:44 itself may not land on the asteroid it
00:20:44 --> 00:20:46 is packed with new technologies which
00:20:46 --> 00:20:48 will allow us to study the asteroid in
00:20:48 --> 00:20:50 extraordinary
00:20:50 --> 00:20:53 detail Hera carries a total of 12
00:20:53 --> 00:20:56 instruments to explore the dimus system
00:20:56 --> 00:20:58 it has a state-of-the-art camera which
00:20:58 --> 00:21:00 will take detailed pictures of the
00:21:00 --> 00:21:03 asteroids a laser ultimeter which will
00:21:03 --> 00:21:06 create a map of the asteroid surface a
00:21:06 --> 00:21:08 camera which can look at the asteroids
00:21:08 --> 00:21:10 in different colors of light to find out
00:21:10 --> 00:21:13 exactly what they're made of a radio
00:21:13 --> 00:21:15 science experiment which can use radio
00:21:15 --> 00:21:17 waves to figure out the mass and gravity
00:21:17 --> 00:21:19 of the
00:21:19 --> 00:21:22 asteroids to explore dimorphus and dimus
00:21:22 --> 00:21:24 here it doesn't go by itself instead the
00:21:24 --> 00:21:27 spacecraft carries two shoe box size
00:21:27 --> 00:21:29 Cube sets that res assemble terrestrial
00:21:29 --> 00:21:32 drones able to fly closer and take more
00:21:33 --> 00:21:35 risks and eventually even land and the
00:21:35 --> 00:21:37 reason why we bring this tube set
00:21:37 --> 00:21:39 because we want to go at very close
00:21:39 --> 00:21:41 proximity of the asteroid and we don't
00:21:41 --> 00:21:43 want to pose any risk to the main
00:21:44 --> 00:21:46 spacecraft and these two Cube sets will
00:21:46 --> 00:21:48 contain their own instrument and for the
00:21:48 --> 00:21:50 first time for instance we'll be able to
00:21:50 --> 00:21:53 probe the internal property of an
00:21:53 --> 00:21:55 asteroid which has never been done so
00:21:55 --> 00:21:57 far and that's on the juvant tube set on
00:21:57 --> 00:22:00 the second Cube at Milani will measure
00:22:00 --> 00:22:02 the minical composition of the asteroid
00:22:02 --> 00:22:04 and detect whether there is still dust
00:22:04 --> 00:22:06 around the
00:22:06 --> 00:22:09 body the two Cube sets called Juventus
00:22:09 --> 00:22:11 and Milani will get up close and
00:22:11 --> 00:22:14 personal with the asteroid Juventus will
00:22:14 --> 00:22:16 use radar sending out radio waves that
00:22:16 --> 00:22:18 will bounce off the asteroids and come
00:22:18 --> 00:22:21 back by measuring how long it takes for
00:22:21 --> 00:22:23 the waves to return we will be able to
00:22:23 --> 00:22:26 tell how far away the asteroid is at any
00:22:26 --> 00:22:29 given point and even what shape it is
00:22:29 --> 00:22:31 more importantly it will allow us to
00:22:31 --> 00:22:33 explore what an asteroid is like on the
00:22:33 --> 00:22:37 inside for the first time is dimorph is
00:22:37 --> 00:22:39 a rubble pile or a monolith covered with
00:22:39 --> 00:22:40 pebbles and
00:22:40 --> 00:22:43 gravels once it has inspected both
00:22:43 --> 00:22:45 asteroids it will then descend to
00:22:45 --> 00:22:47 Doris's surface to take detailed
00:22:47 --> 00:22:49 pictures of the surface features
00:22:49 --> 00:22:52 including hopefully the exact spot of
00:22:52 --> 00:22:55 the D impact once on the ground it will
00:22:55 --> 00:22:56 use a grav meter to increase our
00:22:56 --> 00:22:59 knowledge of the gravity field of the
00:22:59 --> 00:23:01 asteroid the other Cube set Milani will
00:23:02 --> 00:23:04 measure the minerological composition of
00:23:04 --> 00:23:06 the asteroid and will analyze any
00:23:06 --> 00:23:09 surrounding dust later on it will also
00:23:09 --> 00:23:10 attempt a landing on
00:23:11 --> 00:23:13 dimorphus its onboard instruments will
00:23:13 --> 00:23:16 gather valuable data on the landing and
00:23:16 --> 00:23:18 any subsequent bounces to give insights
00:23:18 --> 00:23:20 into the surface properties of the
00:23:20 --> 00:23:24 asteroid if Milani land safely its fista
00:23:24 --> 00:23:26 instruments will analyze the dust on
00:23:26 --> 00:23:29 dimorphous Surface
00:23:29 --> 00:23:31 by the end of the six-month exploration
00:23:31 --> 00:23:33 by these three spacecraft scientists
00:23:33 --> 00:23:34 will have a better understanding of the
00:23:34 --> 00:23:37 delicate art of asteroid deflection and
00:23:37 --> 00:23:40 asteroid impacts will become the first
00:23:40 --> 00:23:42 avoidable natural
00:23:42 --> 00:23:45 disaster at first glance an asteroid is
00:23:45 --> 00:23:48 just a tiny dot of light in the sky we
00:23:48 --> 00:23:50 require more observations to see if it
00:23:50 --> 00:23:53 is a real threat planetary defense is a
00:23:53 --> 00:23:55 global problem and therefore we need to
00:23:55 --> 00:23:57 be able to work together with other
00:23:57 --> 00:24:00 space agencies to protect our planet and
00:24:00 --> 00:24:03 Hera is the perfect demonstration of
00:24:03 --> 00:24:05 that however as mentioned earlier
00:24:05 --> 00:24:07 spacex's second sheded launch of the
00:24:08 --> 00:24:09 week NASA's Europa Clipper Mission from
00:24:09 --> 00:24:11 the Kennedy Space Cent's launch complex
00:24:11 --> 00:24:14 39a had to be scrubbed until Hurrican
00:24:14 --> 00:24:17 Milton had passed the giant triple core
00:24:17 --> 00:24:19 stage Falcon heavy was safely secured
00:24:19 --> 00:24:22 inside spacex's hanger at 39a to ride
00:24:22 --> 00:24:25 out the storm NASA have also delayed the
00:24:25 --> 00:24:27 planned return of Crew 8 aboard the
00:24:27 --> 00:24:29 SpaceX crew dragon Endeavor from the
00:24:29 --> 00:24:31 International Space Station because of
00:24:31 --> 00:24:34 Milton this is
00:24:34 --> 00:24:48 [Music]
00:24:48 --> 00:24:51 spacetime and time now to take another
00:24:51 --> 00:24:52 brief look at some of the other stories
00:24:52 --> 00:24:54 making news in science this week with
00:24:54 --> 00:24:56 the science report a new highly
00:24:56 --> 00:24:59 transmissible variant of the covid-19
00:24:59 --> 00:25:02 virus has been detected in Australia the
00:25:02 --> 00:25:04 new xec strain has already been reported
00:25:05 --> 00:25:07 in 29 countries including the United
00:25:07 --> 00:25:10 States the United Kingdom and China xec
00:25:10 --> 00:25:13 is a recommed covid-19 variant that
00:25:13 --> 00:25:15 means it's a mixture of two previous
00:25:15 --> 00:25:20 Omron subvariants KS 1.1 and KP 3.3 and
00:25:20 --> 00:25:22 it's resulted in a change in the virus
00:25:22 --> 00:25:25 of Spike Protein that's made the disease
00:25:25 --> 00:25:27 more transmissible the new strain is
00:25:27 --> 00:25:30 thought of originated in Germany back in
00:25:30 --> 00:25:32 May last month the World Health
00:25:32 --> 00:25:34 Organization classified xcc as a variant
00:25:34 --> 00:25:37 under monitoring and the strains already
00:25:37 --> 00:25:39 making between 5 and 10% of Australian
00:25:40 --> 00:25:42 covid-19 cases the World Health
00:25:42 --> 00:25:45 Organization says over 7 million people
00:25:45 --> 00:25:47 have now been killed by the covid-19
00:25:47 --> 00:25:49 Corona virus since it was first detected
00:25:49 --> 00:25:51 among workers at China's Wuhan Institute
00:25:51 --> 00:25:54 of orology back in September
00:25:54 --> 00:25:57 2019 however the Lancet medical journal
00:25:57 --> 00:25:58 estimates the true death told to be
00:25:59 --> 00:26:02 above 18 million with some 780 million
00:26:02 --> 00:26:04 confirmed cases
00:26:04 --> 00:26:07 globally the consumer advocacy group
00:26:07 --> 00:26:08 Choice has discovered that car
00:26:08 --> 00:26:10 manufacturers are not only spying on you
00:26:10 --> 00:26:12 when you're in your car recording
00:26:12 --> 00:26:14 everything you do but most of them are
00:26:14 --> 00:26:16 willfully passing that data onto
00:26:16 --> 00:26:18 Government and law enforcement the
00:26:18 --> 00:26:20 choice investigation found most of
00:26:20 --> 00:26:22 Australia's popular makes of car collect
00:26:22 --> 00:26:24 and share data ranging from fuel usage
00:26:24 --> 00:26:27 to how you accelerate how you apply your
00:26:27 --> 00:26:29 brakes how fast you take corners and
00:26:29 --> 00:26:31 just about every other aspect of your
00:26:31 --> 00:26:33 driving even where you're going worse
00:26:33 --> 00:26:35 still some are recording what you're
00:26:35 --> 00:26:37 saying in your car who you're calling
00:26:37 --> 00:26:39 who's calling you the content of your
00:26:39 --> 00:26:41 smartphones and even videoing what's
00:26:41 --> 00:26:44 going on inside the car and it turns out
00:26:44 --> 00:26:46 it's not just your car that's spying on
00:26:46 --> 00:26:49 you even things like your robotic vacuum
00:26:49 --> 00:26:51 cleaner and other smart electronics at
00:26:51 --> 00:26:52 home pretty well everything connected to
00:26:52 --> 00:26:55 the Internet of Things is doing the same
00:26:55 --> 00:26:57 it seems that manufacturers are
00:26:57 --> 00:26:59 collecting super intimate information
00:26:59 --> 00:27:01 about you everything from your medical
00:27:01 --> 00:27:04 details and genetic information to your
00:27:04 --> 00:27:06 sex life the sort of songs you like and
00:27:06 --> 00:27:08 the sort of questions you ask Siri
00:27:08 --> 00:27:10 Google or whatever it's huge amounts of
00:27:10 --> 00:27:12 data and it's all being used to make
00:27:12 --> 00:27:14 detailed profiles of you through
00:27:14 --> 00:27:16 inferences about things like your
00:27:16 --> 00:27:18 intelligence your abilities and your
00:27:18 --> 00:27:21 interests and you can forget privacy and
00:27:21 --> 00:27:23 consent Clauses they next to useless
00:27:23 --> 00:27:24 meaning right now without government
00:27:25 --> 00:27:26 legislation to stop it there's
00:27:26 --> 00:27:28 absolutely nothing you can do about
00:27:28 --> 00:27:31 it well it turns out deactivating your
00:27:31 --> 00:27:33 Facebook social media account really
00:27:34 --> 00:27:35 does increase your
00:27:35 --> 00:27:37 well-being however according to the new
00:27:37 --> 00:27:39 study reported in the Journal of the
00:27:39 --> 00:27:41 Royal Society open science it also
00:27:41 --> 00:27:43 reduces your political knowledge the
00:27:43 --> 00:27:46 findings are based on Research involving
00:27:46 --> 00:27:49 1 people who voluntarily deactivated
00:27:49 --> 00:27:51 their Facebook accounts during the 2022
00:27:51 --> 00:27:53 French presidential elections the
00:27:53 --> 00:27:55 authors surveyed the participants about
00:27:55 --> 00:27:57 their mood and well-being political
00:27:57 --> 00:27:59 knowledge and their level of political
00:27:59 --> 00:28:01 and social polarization during the
00:28:01 --> 00:28:03 election they then compared those
00:28:03 --> 00:28:05 results with a further
00:28:05 --> 00:28:07 1 people who did not deactivate
00:28:07 --> 00:28:10 their accounts they found that people
00:28:10 --> 00:28:11 who had deactivated their Facebook
00:28:12 --> 00:28:14 accounts reported having slightly higher
00:28:14 --> 00:28:17 well-being but lower political knowledge
00:28:17 --> 00:28:19 however they did find that people's
00:28:19 --> 00:28:20 level of political and social
00:28:20 --> 00:28:22 polarization did not change despite the
00:28:22 --> 00:28:24 activating their Facebook
00:28:24 --> 00:28:27 account chipmaker AMD have just released
00:28:27 --> 00:28:29 their new AI chips setting new standards
00:28:29 --> 00:28:31 in the amount of calculations they can
00:28:31 --> 00:28:33 do with the details we're joined by
00:28:33 --> 00:28:36 technology editor Alex Sahara Roy from
00:28:36 --> 00:28:39 Tech advice start life so AMD has been
00:28:39 --> 00:28:41 around for 50 years as long as Intel and
00:28:41 --> 00:28:43 they're the big competitor their chips
00:28:43 --> 00:28:46 are used in Tesla cars they're powering
00:28:46 --> 00:28:48 the PlayStation and Xbox games consoles
00:28:48 --> 00:28:50 and if you go into one of the regular
00:28:50 --> 00:28:52 stores you'll see computers with the
00:28:52 --> 00:28:54 Intel Inside chip and also the ryzen
00:28:54 --> 00:28:57 chip which is their version of the Intel
00:28:57 --> 00:28:58 chips that have been in computers and
00:28:58 --> 00:29:01 they are ahead of Intel with the AI
00:29:01 --> 00:29:04 built into the chip itself so the
00:29:04 --> 00:29:07 measure of the speed of the uh neural
00:29:07 --> 00:29:10 Processing Unit or npu which does all
00:29:10 --> 00:29:12 the AI grunt work the minimum required
00:29:12 --> 00:29:14 for Microsoft's co-pilot plus PC
00:29:14 --> 00:29:17 standard is 40 tops or trillion
00:29:17 --> 00:29:20 operations per second and Qualcomm which
00:29:20 --> 00:29:21 makes the the chips that go into most of
00:29:21 --> 00:29:23 the Android smartphones their chip that
00:29:23 --> 00:29:26 runs Windows computers does 45 trillion
00:29:26 --> 00:29:29 operations per second Intel is 48 but
00:29:29 --> 00:29:32 AMD is 50 and their highend ones are 55
00:29:32 --> 00:29:34 trillion operations per second and and
00:29:34 --> 00:29:36 this just means that the responsiveness
00:29:36 --> 00:29:37 when you ask your computer to do
00:29:38 --> 00:29:40 something AI related like compose text
00:29:40 --> 00:29:42 or rewrite it or create images or other
00:29:42 --> 00:29:44 things that AI allows you to do it's
00:29:44 --> 00:29:46 it's just faster and more responsive and
00:29:46 --> 00:29:48 look in a few years we'll be at a 100
00:29:48 --> 00:29:49 trillion operators per second and more
00:29:49 --> 00:29:52 but AMD isn't just doing the chips for
00:29:52 --> 00:29:54 the laptops and desktops but they're
00:29:54 --> 00:29:56 also doing chips for servers and for the
00:29:56 --> 00:29:59 data center and and the big company that
00:29:59 --> 00:30:01 most people know is NVIDIA Nvidia makes
00:30:01 --> 00:30:04 the h100 chip that is powering chat gbt
00:30:04 --> 00:30:07 and Microsoft co-pilot but last year AMD
00:30:07 --> 00:30:08 launched its what's known as the
00:30:08 --> 00:30:10 Instinct
00:30:10 --> 00:30:12 m300x processor that was their first one
00:30:12 --> 00:30:14 and they committed at computex the Big
00:30:14 --> 00:30:16 Show in Taiwan the tech show that they
00:30:16 --> 00:30:19 would have an annual Cadence of updates
00:30:19 --> 00:30:22 and so they announced that the Mi 325x
00:30:22 --> 00:30:24 was coming this year and the
00:30:24 --> 00:30:26 announcement happened at this conference
00:30:26 --> 00:30:29 that I'm at where the Mi 325 X will be
00:30:29 --> 00:30:31 available to the companies now and will
00:30:31 --> 00:30:34 be shipping in early 2025 and it's about
00:30:34 --> 00:30:37 1.8 times faster than the h200 chip the
00:30:37 --> 00:30:39 more advanced ship that Nvidia launched
00:30:39 --> 00:30:42 earlier this year so if you're looking
00:30:42 --> 00:30:44 at a computer then have a look at the
00:30:44 --> 00:30:46 ones with the AMD ryen chip inside
00:30:46 --> 00:30:48 because they're faster than Intel they
00:30:49 --> 00:30:51 operate with lower power requirements
00:30:51 --> 00:30:53 they generate less heat and they usually
00:30:53 --> 00:30:55 cheaper so it's good to have competition
00:30:55 --> 00:30:56 in choice and and it pushes all the
00:30:56 --> 00:30:58 manufacturers
00:30:58 --> 00:31:01 Intel themselves Apple and Samsung and
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