SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 09
Starship's Fiery End and Blue Origin's New Glenn Debut
SpaceX's Starship experienced a dramatic explosion during its seventh test flight, marking both success and setback. While the super heavy booster was successfully caught by the launch tower's chopstick arms, the Starship upper stage exploded during ascent. Despite the fiery end, the mission demonstrated significant advancements in booster recovery technology.
Blue Origin's New Glenn Maiden Flight
Blue Origin's New Glenn mega rocket has completed its first flight, successfully reaching orbit. However, the mission wasn't flawless, as the first stage booster failed to land on a pre-positioned barge in the Atlantic Ocean. The mission's payload, a prototype for the Blue Ring orbital vehicle, was successfully deployed, marking a significant milestone for Blue Origin.
Mysterious Stellar Pulsations Explained
Astronomers have pinpointed the source of mysterious long-period radio transients, linking them to a binary star system comprising a white dwarf and a red dwarf. This discovery, made using data from the Murchison Wide Field Array and the Meerkat telescope, offers new insights into these enigmatic astrophysical events.
00:00 Space Time Starship destroyed in spectacular explosion during its seventh test flight
00:48 Super heavy booster successfully caught by launch tower's chopsticks during textbook landing
07:09 Debris spotted streaking over Caribbean Sea after SpaceX Falcon 7 launch
11:05 Blue Origin's new Glenn has successfully undertaken its maiden flight
16:55 Astronomers have discovered the source of mysterious extreme astrophysical event
20:50 Long period radio transients are mysterious new class of repeating radio source in space
29:08 Long period radio transients may be caused by binary M dwarf white dwarf systems
32:12 New study warns shallow groundwater is projected to warm by 3.5 degrees Celsius by 2099
34:29 All the hype about mysterious drones over New Jersey disappeared after LA wildfires
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Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/25163787?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 this is spacetime series 28 episode 9
00:00:03 --> 00:00:05 for broadcast on the 20th of January
00:00:05 --> 00:00:09 2025 coming up on SpaceTime Starship
00:00:09 --> 00:00:11 destroyed in a spectacular explosion
00:00:11 --> 00:00:14 during its seventh test flight a mostly
00:00:14 --> 00:00:16 successful Maiden flight for blue
00:00:16 --> 00:00:19 origins new Glenn Mega rocket and
00:00:19 --> 00:00:21 uncovering the source of mysterious
00:00:21 --> 00:00:24 Stella pulsations from deep space all
00:00:24 --> 00:00:27 that and more coming up on
00:00:27 --> 00:00:30 SpaceTime welcome to space SpaceTime
00:00:30 --> 00:00:33 with Stuart
00:00:33 --> 00:00:39 [Music]
00:00:47 --> 00:00:49 Gary there's been a spectacular ending
00:00:49 --> 00:00:52 to spacex's 7eventh Starship test flight
00:00:52 --> 00:00:54 with a Starship upper stage exploding in
00:00:54 --> 00:00:57 a fiery blast as it was ascending to
00:00:57 --> 00:00:59 orbit but the mission wasn't without its
00:00:59 --> 00:01:01 success esses either with a super heavy
00:01:01 --> 00:01:03 booster being successfully caught by the
00:01:03 --> 00:01:06 launch Tower's Chopstick arms during an
00:01:06 --> 00:01:09 amazing textbook Landing the 124 M tall
00:01:09 --> 00:01:11 Mega rocket had blasted off from
00:01:11 --> 00:01:14 spacex's Star base at bokach chica on
00:01:14 --> 00:01:16 the Texas Gulf of Mexico Coast on a
00:01:16 --> 00:01:17 flight that should have taken it to a
00:01:17 --> 00:01:19 splash down 66 minutes later in the
00:01:19 --> 00:01:22 Indian Ocean off the Western Australian
00:01:22 --> 00:01:30 coast 2 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
00:01:30 --> 00:01:34 3 2
00:01:34 --> 00:01:37 1 we have
00:01:38 --> 00:01:41 theic pitching down
00:01:41 --> 00:01:44 range booster pressure all right we're
00:01:44 --> 00:01:46 more than 30 seconds into flight
00:01:46 --> 00:01:48 Telemetry showing 33 out of 33 engines
00:01:48 --> 00:01:51 as it's pitching down range booster chip
00:01:51 --> 00:01:53 avoic power and Telemetry nominal here a
00:01:53 --> 00:01:55 good call outs on the ship and booster
00:01:55 --> 00:01:57 avionics you just heard the rumble
00:01:57 --> 00:01:59 hitting us about 6 miles away watching
00:01:59 --> 00:02:02 Starship Arc into just endless blue
00:02:02 --> 00:02:05 skies right now vehicle supersonic more
00:02:05 --> 00:02:06 than a minute into flight the vehicle
00:02:06 --> 00:02:10 suers Sonic Max Q so we just passed
00:02:10 --> 00:02:12 through Max Q that's the greatest stress
00:02:12 --> 00:02:14 the vehicle is going to experience on
00:02:14 --> 00:02:16 the way up hill reminder that all of our
00:02:16 --> 00:02:18 teams down here on the ground are now
00:02:18 --> 00:02:20 looking at systems on the tower they
00:02:20 --> 00:02:22 just did a manual check through that's
00:02:22 --> 00:02:24 going to inform that manual flight
00:02:24 --> 00:02:26 director's decision next moment coming
00:02:26 --> 00:02:28 up though is going to be hot staging
00:02:28 --> 00:02:31 what a gorgeous ascent six ship engines
00:02:31 --> 00:02:33 getting ready to ignite that's going to
00:02:33 --> 00:02:35 happen while we're still attached we are
00:02:35 --> 00:02:37 hearing good call outs on the tower
00:02:37 --> 00:02:39 preparedness from the manual checks
00:02:39 --> 00:02:41 though we've still got automated
00:02:41 --> 00:02:43 checkouts on the booster and the ship
00:02:43 --> 00:02:44 itself but as of right now our manual
00:02:44 --> 00:02:46 checks and our manual commanding is
00:02:46 --> 00:02:50 looking go go for a catch cut off start
00:02:50 --> 00:02:52 up most engines cut off down to those
00:02:52 --> 00:02:55 middle three start all right hot stage
00:02:55 --> 00:02:57 confirmed we've got a booster hopefully
00:02:57 --> 00:03:00 on our WS way back to us and a ship now
00:03:00 --> 00:03:03 making its Ascent burn into space the
00:03:03 --> 00:03:06 booster is now making its way back down
00:03:06 --> 00:03:08 to earth looks like we have 12 of those
00:03:08 --> 00:03:11 13 engines ignited we're using the
00:03:11 --> 00:03:13 engines that actually gimbal go for
00:03:13 --> 00:03:15 booster return an excellent call out
00:03:15 --> 00:03:18 there we are go for Boost return power
00:03:18 --> 00:03:20 and nominal there's a lot of criteria
00:03:20 --> 00:03:22 that needed to line up to ensure that we
00:03:22 --> 00:03:25 could have a safe a safe booster catch
00:03:25 --> 00:03:27 and sounds like we got to go for that we
00:03:27 --> 00:03:30 just jet aend the hot stage the stage
00:03:30 --> 00:03:31 floating away from the super heavy
00:03:32 --> 00:03:34 booster now we've shut down the engines
00:03:34 --> 00:03:36 for that boost back burn that confirms
00:03:36 --> 00:03:39 boost back burn is now complete that was
00:03:39 --> 00:03:41 the first of two Burns required to for
00:03:41 --> 00:03:42 the vehicle to make its way back down to
00:03:42 --> 00:03:45 Earth 7 minutes after launch the first
00:03:45 --> 00:03:47 of the test flight goals was achieved
00:03:47 --> 00:03:49 with a 33 engine super heavy booster
00:03:49 --> 00:03:51 undertaking a Pinpoint Landing in the
00:03:51 --> 00:03:54 mechazilla like arms of the launch Tower
00:03:54 --> 00:03:56 and next coming up will be the landing
00:03:56 --> 00:03:58 burn that's going to be 13 of those
00:03:58 --> 00:04:01 Center engines in again that will then
00:04:01 --> 00:04:04 go down to from 13 down to three engines
00:04:04 --> 00:04:06 just right before we touch down for that
00:04:07 --> 00:04:09 booster catch Now reminder our stage one
00:04:09 --> 00:04:12 objectives are to have a controlled
00:04:12 --> 00:04:14 Ascent stage separation as well as a
00:04:14 --> 00:04:17 controlled boost back burn and hot stage
00:04:17 --> 00:04:19 as well so we're looking good for that
00:04:19 --> 00:04:22 so far now Starship is still firing its
00:04:22 --> 00:04:23 engines right now Starship trajectory
00:04:23 --> 00:04:26 ninal again the booster is currently
00:04:26 --> 00:04:29 making its way back to the tower today
00:04:29 --> 00:04:30 so we're looking looking forward to a
00:04:30 --> 00:04:32 booster catch with the Chopsticks and in
00:04:32 --> 00:04:35 the meantime those grid fins helping to
00:04:35 --> 00:04:38 control the vehicle and guide it back to
00:04:38 --> 00:04:41 its Landing site booster FTS is safed we
00:04:41 --> 00:04:43 can see the booster coming back in now
00:04:43 --> 00:04:45 through the plume at least it looks that
00:04:45 --> 00:04:47 way to us um it's incredible that it
00:04:47 --> 00:04:48 basically returns it looks like a
00:04:48 --> 00:04:52 speeding just like silver flare
00:04:52 --> 00:04:54 attempting to catch the booster at the
00:04:54 --> 00:04:57 tower this would be the second tower
00:04:57 --> 00:04:59 catch
00:04:59 --> 00:05:01 engines booster now hovering as it
00:05:01 --> 00:05:04 aligns with the tower for catch booster
00:05:04 --> 00:05:07 coming in ready for that boom down to
00:05:07 --> 00:05:10 three engines Villa has caught the
00:05:10 --> 00:05:13 booster once again for the second time a
00:05:13 --> 00:05:16 successful catch by the launch Tower
00:05:16 --> 00:05:18 this is the same Tower the Launchpad
00:05:18 --> 00:05:21 where that booster took off from just 7
00:05:21 --> 00:05:24 and 1 half minutes ago but just a minute
00:05:24 --> 00:05:26 later Mission managers suddenly lost
00:05:26 --> 00:05:28 contact with a 52 met toll Starship
00:05:28 --> 00:05:31 upper stage all six of starship's raptor
00:05:31 --> 00:05:33 engines had been firing as planned
00:05:33 --> 00:05:35 during the ascent burn but High over the
00:05:35 --> 00:05:37 Caribbean just as Starship was getting
00:05:37 --> 00:05:39 to the end of its climb to orbit
00:05:39 --> 00:05:41 Telemetry suddenly began dropping out on
00:05:41 --> 00:05:43 the engines and all contact was lost
00:05:43 --> 00:05:45 with the spacecraft waiting for an
00:05:45 --> 00:05:47 update on what our ship status is we
00:05:47 --> 00:05:50 were approaching uh that ship engine cut
00:05:50 --> 00:05:54 off time um so just waiting to hear so
00:05:54 --> 00:05:57 obviously we've got booster back booster
00:05:57 --> 00:06:00 on the launch Tower in the Chopstick arm
00:06:00 --> 00:06:02 uh but we are waiting to get an update
00:06:02 --> 00:06:07 now on the ship as we were we expecting
00:06:07 --> 00:06:10 ship engine cut off about 40 seconds ago
00:06:10 --> 00:06:12 we saw some of those engines start to go
00:06:12 --> 00:06:15 out prior to that point and so right now
00:06:15 --> 00:06:17 we are we are just standing by to try
00:06:17 --> 00:06:20 and get the latest word on where we are
00:06:20 --> 00:06:22 with ships so stick with us for just a
00:06:22 --> 00:06:25 couple of minutes as we wait to hear
00:06:25 --> 00:06:28 some updates obviously from the last two
00:06:28 --> 00:06:30 flights that we have done where uh the
00:06:30 --> 00:06:32 uh flight six we attempted but had to
00:06:32 --> 00:06:34 divert into the ocean and then on flight
00:06:34 --> 00:06:36 5 we did have the first ever successful
00:06:36 --> 00:06:38 catch of the booster we used the
00:06:38 --> 00:06:41 learnings of those two flights to hone
00:06:41 --> 00:06:43 in that catch commit criteria and we saw
00:06:43 --> 00:06:46 success today which is pretty awesome
00:06:46 --> 00:06:48 yeah and just a quick status check so
00:06:48 --> 00:06:52 we're we currently do not have comms uh
00:06:52 --> 00:06:56 with the ship so trying to figure out
00:06:56 --> 00:06:57 exactly when that happened and exactly
00:06:57 --> 00:06:59 what happened so obviously the
00:06:59 --> 00:07:02 controllers right now going through
00:07:02 --> 00:07:04 their data looking to make sure it's not
00:07:04 --> 00:07:06 anything instrumentation on the ship but
00:07:06 --> 00:07:09 actually try and get us a status so if
00:07:09 --> 00:07:12 you are just tuning in we caught a
00:07:12 --> 00:07:14 booster uh but we are still waiting to
00:07:14 --> 00:07:16 find out a little bit more uh on the
00:07:16 --> 00:07:19 ship so it had successfully separated we
00:07:19 --> 00:07:21 did that hot staging maneuver we did see
00:07:21 --> 00:07:23 all six of ship's engines on the way
00:07:23 --> 00:07:25 uphill during its asent but as we were
00:07:25 --> 00:07:27 getting to the end of that Ascent burn
00:07:27 --> 00:07:30 we saw engines dropping out on lemetry
00:07:30 --> 00:07:33 and we have since lost contact with the
00:07:33 --> 00:07:35 ship moments later burning debris was
00:07:35 --> 00:07:39 seen streaking across the skies flight 7
00:07:39 --> 00:07:42 used a new updated version of Starship
00:07:42 --> 00:07:44 about 2 m longer and fitted with a range
00:07:44 --> 00:07:46 of upgrades and new
00:07:46 --> 00:07:48 modifications these included newly
00:07:48 --> 00:07:49 designed forward flaps which were
00:07:49 --> 00:07:51 reduced in size and moved further
00:07:51 --> 00:07:53 forward towards the vehicle's nose and
00:07:53 --> 00:07:56 away from the heat shield now this spth
00:07:56 --> 00:07:58 significantly reduces their exposure to
00:07:58 --> 00:08:00 re-entry Heating and simplifies the
00:08:00 --> 00:08:02 underlying mechanisms and protective
00:08:02 --> 00:08:05 tiling but more importantly there are
00:08:05 --> 00:08:07 also redesigns for the propulsion system
00:08:07 --> 00:08:09 of this new upper stage including a 25%
00:08:09 --> 00:08:11 increase in the propellant volume the
00:08:11 --> 00:08:13 vacuum jacketing of feed lines a new
00:08:13 --> 00:08:16 fuel feed line system and an improved
00:08:16 --> 00:08:18 propulsion avionics module controlling
00:08:18 --> 00:08:21 Valves and reading sensors now all this
00:08:21 --> 00:08:22 should have improved the vehicle's
00:08:22 --> 00:08:24 performance and its ability to fly
00:08:24 --> 00:08:27 longer missions about 17 and 1/2 minutes
00:08:27 --> 00:08:29 after liftoff the upper stage was to
00:08:29 --> 00:08:32 deploy 10 dummy satellites similar in
00:08:32 --> 00:08:34 size and Mass to spacex's starlink
00:08:34 --> 00:08:37 broadband internet satellites however
00:08:37 --> 00:08:39 the mission ever got that far as debris
00:08:39 --> 00:08:43 came raining down over the Caribbean Sea
00:08:43 --> 00:08:45 SpaceX boss Elon Musk says preliminary
00:08:45 --> 00:08:47 indications suggest an oxygen fuel leak
00:08:47 --> 00:08:49 in the cavity above the spaceship's
00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 engine firewall and that was large
00:08:51 --> 00:08:54 enough to build up pressure in excess of
00:08:54 --> 00:08:56 vent capacity musk says apart from the
00:08:57 --> 00:08:59 obvious double-checking felixs SpaceX
00:08:59 --> 00:09:01 will now add fire suppression to that
00:09:01 --> 00:09:03 cavity and probably increase the vent
00:09:03 --> 00:09:06 area he points out that the ship's new
00:09:06 --> 00:09:08 forward flaps higher thrust engines and
00:09:08 --> 00:09:11 tile adherence on Ascent were all tested
00:09:11 --> 00:09:13 in fact improved heat shield performance
00:09:13 --> 00:09:14 was the only major thing that wasn't
00:09:14 --> 00:09:16 tested along with the Pet's payload
00:09:16 --> 00:09:19 dispenser and these will probably be
00:09:19 --> 00:09:21 resolved in next month's launch he says
00:09:21 --> 00:09:23 nothing so far suggests pushing the next
00:09:23 --> 00:09:26 launch past next month and it doesn't
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 change the likely date at which Mars
00:09:28 --> 00:09:30 will become self-sufficient a clear hint
00:09:30 --> 00:09:33 at the long-term aim of the Starship
00:09:33 --> 00:09:34 program which is to act as an
00:09:34 --> 00:09:36 interplanetary transport and
00:09:36 --> 00:09:40 colonization vessel the 250 ton reusable
00:09:40 --> 00:09:42 Mega rocket is the largest and most
00:09:42 --> 00:09:44 powerful spacecraft ever built it's
00:09:44 --> 00:09:47 capable of lifting 150 tons of people
00:09:47 --> 00:09:49 and cargo into orbit and 100 tons on
00:09:49 --> 00:09:51 missions to the Moon Mars and other
00:09:51 --> 00:09:53 planets across the solar system
00:09:53 --> 00:09:55 starship's first mission for NASA will
00:09:55 --> 00:09:57 be to dock with the oran capsu in trans
00:09:58 --> 00:10:00 lunar orbit and carry the emus 3 mission
00:10:00 --> 00:10:03 astronauts down to the lunar surface in
00:10:03 --> 00:10:05 2026 it'll then provide regular shuttle
00:10:05 --> 00:10:07 services for NASA between the new
00:10:07 --> 00:10:09 Gateway space station which is yet to be
00:10:10 --> 00:10:12 placed in orbit and the lunar surface
00:10:12 --> 00:10:14 SpaceX plans on eventually using
00:10:14 --> 00:10:16 Starship to replace the company's
00:10:16 --> 00:10:18 existing Dragon spacecraft and its
00:10:18 --> 00:10:21 Falcon 9 and Falcon heavy launch systems
00:10:21 --> 00:10:23 both man and Freight only versions of
00:10:23 --> 00:10:25 Starship are planned as well as
00:10:25 --> 00:10:28 refueling tanker versions and SpaceX is
00:10:28 --> 00:10:30 also looking at us using Starship to
00:10:30 --> 00:10:32 provide point-to-point transport for
00:10:32 --> 00:10:35 passengers between major cities on Earth
00:10:35 --> 00:10:37 remember once you're in orbit any two
00:10:37 --> 00:10:39 places on the planet are only ever 90
00:10:39 --> 00:10:43 minutes apart this is spacetime still to
00:10:43 --> 00:10:45 come the maiden flight of blue origin's
00:10:45 --> 00:10:48 new Glenn Mega rocket and uncovering the
00:10:48 --> 00:10:50 source of mysterious Stella pulsations
00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 from deep space all that and more still
00:10:52 --> 00:10:58 to come on SpaceTime
00:10:58 --> 00:11:07 [Music]
00:11:10 --> 00:11:12 well we've seen seven test flights some
00:11:12 --> 00:11:14 more successful than others of spacex's
00:11:14 --> 00:11:16 Starship super heavy and we've seen a
00:11:16 --> 00:11:19 successful first flight for NASA's SLS
00:11:19 --> 00:11:21 space launch system which will take the
00:11:21 --> 00:11:23 Aran capsule in emus spacecraft on
00:11:24 --> 00:11:26 missions to the moon and eventually Mars
00:11:26 --> 00:11:28 and Beyond and now the third of
00:11:28 --> 00:11:31 America's Trio of new Mega Rockets blue
00:11:31 --> 00:11:33 origins new Glenn has successfully
00:11:33 --> 00:11:36 undertaken its Maiden flight the ng1
00:11:36 --> 00:11:37 mission which had been delayed several
00:11:37 --> 00:11:39 days successfully launched from space
00:11:39 --> 00:11:41 complex 36 at the cape canaval space
00:11:41 --> 00:11:44 force space in Florida high seas at the
00:11:44 --> 00:11:46 booster Landing site and a buildup of
00:11:46 --> 00:11:48 ice on a purge line were blamed for the
00:11:48 --> 00:11:51 delays the flight successfully placed
00:11:51 --> 00:11:53 the upper stage and payload into its
00:11:53 --> 00:12:02 pre-planned orbitus 10 9 8 7 6 5
00:12:02 --> 00:12:06 4 One lift off all seven engines have C
00:12:06 --> 00:12:08 thrust chamber pressures are good
00:12:08 --> 00:12:09 vehicles cleared the tower engine
00:12:09 --> 00:12:11 chamber pressures look good now beun the
00:12:11 --> 00:12:13 pitch roll maneuver to Point downrange
00:12:13 --> 00:12:15 Body rate respones are nominal chamber
00:12:15 --> 00:12:17 pressures continue to look good now 40
00:12:17 --> 00:12:19 seconds into flight end of roll St now
00:12:19 --> 00:12:21 level data quality looks good coming
00:12:21 --> 00:12:22 down from the vehicle passing mock one
00:12:22 --> 00:12:24 new BL is now supersonic engines
00:12:24 --> 00:12:26 continue to perform well now passing
00:12:26 --> 00:12:28 through Max Q maximum Dynamic pressure
00:12:28 --> 00:12:31 body r are nominal throughout the Press
00:12:31 --> 00:12:34 Contin look good on all 7 B4 engines
00:12:34 --> 00:12:36 acceleration profile is good body rates
00:12:36 --> 00:12:39 look good b3u lh2 chilling started e4s
00:12:39 --> 00:12:40 continue to perform well throughout the
00:12:40 --> 00:12:44 bo days stage two RCS priming and we
00:12:44 --> 00:12:46 have Mo we have stage set and we have
00:12:46 --> 00:12:49 ignition on both b3u chamber pressure is
00:12:49 --> 00:12:51 good now passing 3 minutes 40 seconds
00:12:51 --> 00:12:53 into flight body rates look good data
00:12:53 --> 00:12:55 quality coming down from both stages
00:12:55 --> 00:12:57 looks good GS2 performing a pitch up
00:12:57 --> 00:12:58 maneuver body rate response phenomenal
00:12:58 --> 00:13:00 being3 chain with pressure continues
00:13:00 --> 00:13:01 look good we have good payload fairing
00:13:01 --> 00:13:04 jettison our booster is going to try to
00:13:04 --> 00:13:06 make a landing they're going to land on
00:13:06 --> 00:13:08 the Jackin The Landing ship that is
00:13:08 --> 00:13:10 awaiting this beautiful booster to make
00:13:10 --> 00:13:13 a landing trajectory looks good on both
00:13:13 --> 00:13:15 stages stage one our booster we are
00:13:15 --> 00:13:17 looking to land it on our Landing ship
00:13:17 --> 00:13:19 Jacqueline stage two carrying the
00:13:19 --> 00:13:22 Pathfinder for blue ring will continue
00:13:22 --> 00:13:25 its Mission up towards Mo orbit where we
00:13:25 --> 00:13:28 will be collecting data for 6 hours
00:13:28 --> 00:13:31 confirmed gs1 engine chill active less
00:13:31 --> 00:13:33 than 1 minute now remaining to EXO
00:13:33 --> 00:13:35 atmospheric engine ignition so coming up
00:13:35 --> 00:13:37 here we're going to see the middle of
00:13:37 --> 00:13:40 the 37
00:13:40 --> 00:13:43 be4 chamber pressures on both be3 going
00:13:43 --> 00:13:45 to slow the vehicle down and then as the
00:13:45 --> 00:13:47 vehicle gets closer to the landing ship
00:13:47 --> 00:13:50 the jacin the two outer of the three
00:13:50 --> 00:13:52 middle engines will shut off and just
00:13:52 --> 00:13:54 one in the center will remain to help
00:13:54 --> 00:13:57 slow as well as guide the vehicle back
00:13:57 --> 00:13:59 to The Landing ship we have the steering
00:13:59 --> 00:14:01 fins at the top of the booster as well
00:14:01 --> 00:14:03 as the strakes which act essentially as
00:14:03 --> 00:14:06 Wings this vehicle is flying back to the
00:14:06 --> 00:14:09 jacine providing lift to come in for a
00:14:09 --> 00:14:12 nice soft and vertical Landing onto the
00:14:12 --> 00:14:14 landing ship the Jacqueline all three
00:14:14 --> 00:14:17 engines relight confirmed 8 minutes 20
00:14:17 --> 00:14:19 seconds into flight justs two tank
00:14:19 --> 00:14:20 pressures staying within their
00:14:20 --> 00:14:22 acceptable limits body rate responses
00:14:22 --> 00:14:24 look good good chamber pressures look
00:14:24 --> 00:14:26 good throughout the burn continue to see
00:14:26 --> 00:14:28 data from both stages our second stage
00:14:28 --> 00:14:31 GS to continues 10 minutes 20 seconds in
00:14:31 --> 00:14:35 Ascent as well as as its climb towards
00:14:35 --> 00:14:36 Mo which is where it is headed this
00:14:36 --> 00:14:42 evening GS2 is now 1 km down range
00:14:42 --> 00:14:45 traveling at 6.7 km/ second we have I AP
00:14:45 --> 00:14:47 vanish GS2 is now orbital and we have
00:14:47 --> 00:14:49 engine cut off however the attempt to
00:14:49 --> 00:14:51 land the first stage booster on a
00:14:51 --> 00:14:53 pre-positioned barge 1 km down range
00:14:53 --> 00:14:56 in the North Atlantic Ocean failed we
00:14:56 --> 00:14:58 obviously have some frozen data here on
00:14:58 --> 00:15:01 our our stage one on our booster we're
00:15:01 --> 00:15:03 still waiting to understand what the
00:15:03 --> 00:15:04 situation is with the booster we're
00:15:04 --> 00:15:06 trying to get all of the data here we
00:15:06 --> 00:15:08 seem to have lost Telemetry on the first
00:15:09 --> 00:15:11 stage we very well may have lost the
00:15:11 --> 00:15:13 booster and now I actually I do have
00:15:13 --> 00:15:15 confirmation that we did in fact lose
00:15:15 --> 00:15:18 the booster as you did hear we did have
00:15:18 --> 00:15:20 the booster relight the three middle
00:15:20 --> 00:15:22 engines which was what we were looking
00:15:22 --> 00:15:24 for so things we know were good up into
00:15:24 --> 00:15:26 that point the first stage Telemetry
00:15:26 --> 00:15:28 showed the booster was traveling at an
00:15:28 --> 00:15:30 approximate speed of back 5.5 and at an
00:15:30 --> 00:15:34 altitude of 25.7 KM before it suddenly
00:15:34 --> 00:15:36 disappeared deemed lost but the missions
00:15:37 --> 00:15:38 payload which made it successfully to
00:15:38 --> 00:15:40 orbit was a prototype for blue origins
00:15:40 --> 00:15:42 new blue ring orbital vehicle a
00:15:42 --> 00:15:45 maneuverable spacecraft designed to dark
00:15:45 --> 00:15:48 width and service satellites the 98 M
00:15:48 --> 00:15:50 tall two-stage Rockets named new Glenn
00:15:50 --> 00:15:52 in honor of mercury 7 Astronaut John
00:15:52 --> 00:15:54 Glenn who was the first American to
00:15:54 --> 00:15:56 orbit the earth its smaller cousin new
00:15:56 --> 00:15:58 sheeper which is used to carry space
00:15:58 --> 00:16:00 tourists on suborbital Joy flights
00:16:00 --> 00:16:01 beyond the Carman line the
00:16:01 --> 00:16:03 internationally recognized start of
00:16:03 --> 00:16:05 space is named after another Mercury 7
00:16:05 --> 00:16:07 astronaut Alan Shepard he was the first
00:16:07 --> 00:16:09 American to achieve space flight but
00:16:09 --> 00:16:11 where it's new Shepherd's a fairly small
00:16:11 --> 00:16:13 single stage vehicle with a capsule
00:16:13 --> 00:16:16 mounted on top new Glenn is a massive
00:16:16 --> 00:16:19 rocket capable of carrying 45 tons into
00:16:19 --> 00:16:21 low earth orbit more than 13 tons into G
00:16:22 --> 00:16:24 stationary orbit and at least 7 tons
00:16:24 --> 00:16:27 into trans lunar orbit NASA's already
00:16:27 --> 00:16:29 contracted new shepher to carry two Mars
00:16:29 --> 00:16:30 probes to the red planet and it will
00:16:30 --> 00:16:32 also support the deployment of the new
00:16:32 --> 00:16:34 Kyer Internet satellite constellation
00:16:34 --> 00:16:36 which will ultimately compete against
00:16:36 --> 00:16:40 starlink this is spacetime still to come
00:16:40 --> 00:16:42 uncovering the source of mysterious
00:16:42 --> 00:16:44 Stell pulsations from deep space and
00:16:44 --> 00:16:47 later in the science report a new study
00:16:47 --> 00:16:49 shows that New Zealand's ancient bird
00:16:49 --> 00:16:51 the mower had what today would be
00:16:51 --> 00:16:53 considered very expensive tastes
00:16:53 --> 00:16:55 apparently they liked eating truffles
00:16:55 --> 00:16:57 all that and more still to come on
00:16:57 --> 00:17:03 SpaceTime
00:17:03 --> 00:17:11 [Music]
00:17:13 --> 00:17:15 astronomers have discovered the source
00:17:15 --> 00:17:17 of mysterious extreme astrophysical
00:17:17 --> 00:17:19 event known as a long period radio
00:17:19 --> 00:17:22 transient a strange regular pulse of
00:17:22 --> 00:17:24 energy being emitted from somewhere in
00:17:24 --> 00:17:27 deep space the findings are reported in
00:17:27 --> 00:17:29 the astrophysical journal letters point
00:17:29 --> 00:17:31 to a system made up of a highly compact
00:17:31 --> 00:17:33 Stellar corpse known as a white dwarf
00:17:33 --> 00:17:34 the super hot core of a once sunlight
00:17:34 --> 00:17:37 star and a low mass spectral type M Red
00:17:37 --> 00:17:39 Dwarf star the most common type of star
00:17:39 --> 00:17:42 in the galaxy researchers made the
00:17:42 --> 00:17:44 discovery after first detecting a pulse
00:17:44 --> 00:17:46 of bright energy coming from deep space
00:17:46 --> 00:17:48 among archival low frequency data from
00:17:48 --> 00:17:50 the merchison Widefield array radio
00:17:50 --> 00:17:53 telescope in Outback Western Australia
00:17:53 --> 00:17:55 the array is one of the precursors for
00:17:55 --> 00:17:57 the square kilometer array project which
00:17:57 --> 00:17:59 is currently under construction and and
00:17:59 --> 00:18:00 when completed will be the world's
00:18:00 --> 00:18:03 largest radio telescope so big it's
00:18:03 --> 00:18:05 being built across two continents the
00:18:05 --> 00:18:08 arback of Western Australia and southern
00:18:08 --> 00:18:10 Africa the strange energy pulse of radio
00:18:10 --> 00:18:12 waves known as long period radio
00:18:12 --> 00:18:15 transients were observed occurring every
00:18:15 --> 00:18:17 3 hours and Lasting around 30 to 60
00:18:17 --> 00:18:20 seconds each time and that makes these
00:18:20 --> 00:18:22 the longest period radio transients ever
00:18:22 --> 00:18:25 detected long period radio transients
00:18:25 --> 00:18:27 are relatively new to science their
00:18:27 --> 00:18:29 source and how they gener ated has been
00:18:29 --> 00:18:32 a long-standing ongoing mystery but now
00:18:32 --> 00:18:34 with this new discovery scientists
00:18:34 --> 00:18:35 believe that they may have both
00:18:35 --> 00:18:37 identified the probable source of the
00:18:37 --> 00:18:39 energy burst and also shed light on how
00:18:39 --> 00:18:42 they're being generated see the problem
00:18:42 --> 00:18:43 is all previously discovered radio
00:18:43 --> 00:18:45 transients were located deep within the
00:18:45 --> 00:18:48 Milky Way galaxy and surrounded by lots
00:18:48 --> 00:18:51 of stars and gas and dust and all that
00:18:51 --> 00:18:53 made it challenging to try and determine
00:18:53 --> 00:18:55 exactly what could have been generating
00:18:55 --> 00:18:57 these radio waves one of the studies's
00:18:57 --> 00:18:59 authors associate Professor Natasha
00:18:59 --> 00:19:01 hurly Walker from the curtain University
00:19:01 --> 00:19:03 node of the International Center for
00:19:03 --> 00:19:05 radio astronomy research says long
00:19:05 --> 00:19:08 period radio transients are extremely
00:19:08 --> 00:19:10 exciting but for astronomist to
00:19:10 --> 00:19:11 understand what they are they need an
00:19:11 --> 00:19:14 optical image and the problem was when
00:19:14 --> 00:19:16 you look towards the source of the
00:19:16 --> 00:19:18 signal there are simply too many stars
00:19:18 --> 00:19:20 in the way but in a stroke of Good
00:19:20 --> 00:19:22 Fortune the newly discovered transient
00:19:23 --> 00:19:27 named gleen XJ
00:19:27 --> 00:19:29 074379346 the much more sparely
00:19:29 --> 00:19:31 populated region of space in the
00:19:31 --> 00:19:34 constellation papus around 5 light
00:19:34 --> 00:19:36 years away because the new discovery
00:19:36 --> 00:19:38 lies far off the galactic plane there
00:19:38 --> 00:19:40 are only a handful of stars nearby and
00:19:40 --> 00:19:42 Hurley Walker and colleagues were able
00:19:42 --> 00:19:43 to narrow down the source generating the
00:19:43 --> 00:19:47 radio waves to one specific star system
00:19:47 --> 00:19:49 then using another Square kilm array
00:19:49 --> 00:19:52 precursor this time the mirat telescope
00:19:52 --> 00:19:54 in South Africa they were able to
00:19:54 --> 00:19:56 pinpoint the location of one specific
00:19:56 --> 00:19:59 star following up with a sword t scope
00:19:59 --> 00:20:00 in Chile they determined the star
00:20:00 --> 00:20:02 Spectra showing it to be a low mass
00:20:02 --> 00:20:05 spectr Type M Red Dwarf now this
00:20:05 --> 00:20:07 discovery answered some pressing
00:20:07 --> 00:20:10 questions but it created a few more and
00:20:10 --> 00:20:12 M dwarf alone simply couldn't generate
00:20:12 --> 00:20:13 the amount of energy that the
00:20:13 --> 00:20:15 astronomers were seeing remember these
00:20:15 --> 00:20:17 are very low mass stars they only have a
00:20:17 --> 00:20:19 fraction of the Sun's mass and
00:20:19 --> 00:20:21 luminosity and as we mentioned earlier
00:20:21 --> 00:20:23 there are lots of them making up some
00:20:23 --> 00:20:26 70% of all stars in the Milky Way galaxy
00:20:26 --> 00:20:28 but as the authors look further into the
00:20:28 --> 00:20:30 data they found that this specific Red
00:20:30 --> 00:20:33 Dwarf was actually part of a binary
00:20:33 --> 00:20:35 system with another object most likely
00:20:35 --> 00:20:37 the corpse of a dead sunl Stein known as
00:20:37 --> 00:20:40 a white dwarf and together the two of
00:20:40 --> 00:20:42 them power the radio emission the
00:20:42 --> 00:20:44 authors are now working on follow-up
00:20:44 --> 00:20:45 observations that will conclusively
00:20:45 --> 00:20:47 determine the nature of the system and
00:20:47 --> 00:20:49 also the explanation for this extreme
00:20:49 --> 00:20:51 astrophysical event long period radio
00:20:51 --> 00:20:55 transients are mysterious new class of
00:20:55 --> 00:20:57 repeating radio Source in space you
00:20:57 --> 00:20:58 might be familiar with the idea of a
00:20:58 --> 00:21:01 pulsar that's a rapidly rotating neutron
00:21:01 --> 00:21:03 star that produces a continuous beam of
00:21:03 --> 00:21:06 radio wave and the radio waves can be
00:21:06 --> 00:21:08 offset from the axis of spin so a little
00:21:09 --> 00:21:10 bit like a lighthouse the Pulsar can
00:21:10 --> 00:21:12 spin around and every so often the radio
00:21:12 --> 00:21:14 waves go across our line of sight and we
00:21:14 --> 00:21:16 see a pulse and that's why pulsars are
00:21:16 --> 00:21:19 called pulsars so we have long known
00:21:19 --> 00:21:23 that pulsars spin every few Mill seconds
00:21:23 --> 00:21:25 every second something along that line
00:21:25 --> 00:21:28 maybe up to once every 10 seconds but
00:21:28 --> 00:21:31 we've always thought that as the Pulsar
00:21:31 --> 00:21:34 slow down their radio emission stops and
00:21:34 --> 00:21:37 so we've never seen Pulsar at a longer
00:21:37 --> 00:21:40 like slower period than about 30 seconds
00:21:40 --> 00:21:44 so in a way we've kind of stopped
00:21:44 --> 00:21:46 looking for things that spin more slowly
00:21:46 --> 00:21:48 than that and that's led to a a kind of
00:21:48 --> 00:21:50 a bias in our observations where we're
00:21:50 --> 00:21:52 only looking for quickly spinning things
00:21:52 --> 00:21:56 now my team about four years ago now we
00:21:56 --> 00:21:58 did a blind experiment where we looked
00:21:58 --> 00:22:01 for things that change in our galaxy and
00:22:01 --> 00:22:03 across slower time scales like if they
00:22:03 --> 00:22:05 could change minute to minute or week to
00:22:05 --> 00:22:07 week we would pick them up and we found
00:22:07 --> 00:22:10 one source that in 2018 appeared and
00:22:10 --> 00:22:12 disappeared every 18 minutes which is
00:22:12 --> 00:22:15 much much much slower than a normal
00:22:15 --> 00:22:17 pulsar and indeed you would not have
00:22:17 --> 00:22:19 been able to find this object with a
00:22:19 --> 00:22:21 normal Pulsar search so that was a real
00:22:21 --> 00:22:23 mystery and that Source basically
00:22:23 --> 00:22:25 produced pulses that lasted 1 minute
00:22:25 --> 00:22:28 each and they were 18 minutes apart and
00:22:28 --> 00:22:32 it was only on for 3 months in 2018 and
00:22:32 --> 00:22:34 by the time we found it in 2020 we had
00:22:34 --> 00:22:36 missed the fireworks essentially we we
00:22:36 --> 00:22:38 didn't know what that Source was and we
00:22:38 --> 00:22:40 couldn't really go and get more
00:22:40 --> 00:22:41 observations we tried but it had
00:22:41 --> 00:22:43 switched off so then I designed a new
00:22:43 --> 00:22:46 survey to actually find these things and
00:22:46 --> 00:22:48 very quickly follow them up and we found
00:22:48 --> 00:22:50 a new source which repeated every 22
00:22:50 --> 00:22:52 minutes which is still completely
00:22:52 --> 00:22:54 inexplicable we have no idea how you
00:22:54 --> 00:22:56 generate radio waves that repeat every
00:22:56 --> 00:22:57 22 minutes and we rapidly followed that
00:22:58 --> 00:22:59 up with lots of telescopes and to our
00:22:59 --> 00:23:01 surprise we also found that in other
00:23:01 --> 00:23:04 archive that went back even longer than
00:23:04 --> 00:23:06 the mwa there were actually pulses all
00:23:06 --> 00:23:09 the way back to 1988 and that was GPM
00:23:09 --> 00:23:12 j39 minus 10 and that repeated every 22
00:23:12 --> 00:23:14 minutes and has been active for 33 years
00:23:14 --> 00:23:16 so that was a mystery because we thought
00:23:16 --> 00:23:19 that these things would only be briefly
00:23:19 --> 00:23:20 active and then disappear now we have
00:23:20 --> 00:23:22 one that's been here all this time but
00:23:22 --> 00:23:25 the other thing that that that tells us
00:23:25 --> 00:23:27 is that there must be lots of these
00:23:27 --> 00:23:28 hiding in our data because if
00:23:28 --> 00:23:30 astronomers could miss something sitting
00:23:30 --> 00:23:33 right in front of them for 33 years then
00:23:33 --> 00:23:34 all of our data must be full of these
00:23:34 --> 00:23:36 objects that's just what science is
00:23:36 --> 00:23:38 about a lot of the time blue sky surveys
00:23:38 --> 00:23:40 just looking you know what about this
00:23:40 --> 00:23:42 what about that exactly there was no
00:23:42 --> 00:23:44 theory that predicted this in fact quite
00:23:44 --> 00:23:46 the opposite we had theories that said
00:23:46 --> 00:23:49 there will absolutely not be any radio
00:23:49 --> 00:23:52 waves that appear on time scales of more
00:23:52 --> 00:23:55 than 10 seconds or more so it was really
00:23:55 --> 00:23:57 a huge leap forward to find these
00:23:57 --> 00:23:58 sources now when you say Blue Sky
00:23:59 --> 00:24:00 research the issue that we have with
00:24:00 --> 00:24:02 these long period radio transients is
00:24:02 --> 00:24:06 that it's kind of white Sky research so
00:24:06 --> 00:24:08 we're embedded in our own Milky Way
00:24:08 --> 00:24:10 galaxy and so are these long period
00:24:10 --> 00:24:12 radio transients and when you think
00:24:12 --> 00:24:14 where is all the stuff in our galaxy
00:24:14 --> 00:24:15 where are all the stars where are all
00:24:15 --> 00:24:17 the neutron stars where are all of the
00:24:17 --> 00:24:20 black holes where is everything well
00:24:20 --> 00:24:22 it's all clustered together in the dis
00:24:22 --> 00:24:24 of our galaxy you go outside on a dark
00:24:24 --> 00:24:27 night and you can see the Milky Way laid
00:24:27 --> 00:24:30 out overhead well kind of unsurprisingly
00:24:30 --> 00:24:32 that's where we're finding the long
00:24:32 --> 00:24:33 period radio transients because they're
00:24:33 --> 00:24:36 in our galaxy The difficulty is that
00:24:36 --> 00:24:38 then when we want to ask the question
00:24:38 --> 00:24:40 okay what can generate radio waves every
00:24:40 --> 00:24:43 20 minutes what's actually producing
00:24:43 --> 00:24:45 this it's a really hard question to
00:24:45 --> 00:24:46 answer because if you look at where the
00:24:46 --> 00:24:49 radio pulses are coming from there are
00:24:49 --> 00:24:51 thousands of stars there's no way of
00:24:51 --> 00:24:54 telling which star if any of course it
00:24:54 --> 00:24:56 could be some kind of invisible object
00:24:56 --> 00:24:58 like a neutron star or a black hole or a
00:24:58 --> 00:25:00 white dwarf we can't tell which one is
00:25:00 --> 00:25:02 producing it and then that means it's
00:25:02 --> 00:25:05 very hard to say how the radio emission
00:25:05 --> 00:25:07 is generated and you know what these
00:25:07 --> 00:25:08 things actually are but then you had a
00:25:08 --> 00:25:10 bit of luck well uh you know Fortune fa
00:25:10 --> 00:25:12 favors the prepared mind right so we
00:25:12 --> 00:25:15 realized that this was a problem and
00:25:15 --> 00:25:18 while we had been doing surveys that are
00:25:18 --> 00:25:20 targeting the Galaxy with the hope of
00:25:20 --> 00:25:22 finding these things once we realized
00:25:22 --> 00:25:24 okay great we can find some but it
00:25:24 --> 00:25:25 doesn't help too much if we just find
00:25:25 --> 00:25:27 some radio waves and we can't follow
00:25:27 --> 00:25:28 them up we need to look at the rest of
00:25:28 --> 00:25:31 the sky and so very fortunately I'm the
00:25:31 --> 00:25:34 lead scientist on the galactic and extra
00:25:34 --> 00:25:37 Galactic all Sky mwa extended survey or
00:25:37 --> 00:25:40 gleam X for short which is a successor
00:25:40 --> 00:25:41 to the very popular gleam survey which
00:25:41 --> 00:25:44 was the first survey in radio color and
00:25:44 --> 00:25:47 glex is serving the whole Sky south of
00:25:47 --> 00:25:50 declination 30 so that's about 75% of
00:25:50 --> 00:25:53 the visible sky and in doing that of
00:25:53 --> 00:25:55 course we cover parts of the sky that
00:25:55 --> 00:25:57 are our own Galaxy but also lots of
00:25:57 --> 00:25:59 parts that are kind of slightly away
00:25:59 --> 00:26:02 from where all of the stuff is and in
00:26:02 --> 00:26:05 searching that data we optimized our
00:26:05 --> 00:26:07 algorithms to find the long period radio
00:26:07 --> 00:26:09 transients and I worked with a wonderful
00:26:09 --> 00:26:11 third-year undergraduate student called
00:26:11 --> 00:26:13 chanard hovas who helped Implement
00:26:13 --> 00:26:15 filters that would be better at picking
00:26:15 --> 00:26:17 these elusive signals out of the data
00:26:17 --> 00:26:20 and we were successful and you saw this
00:26:20 --> 00:26:23 red dwarf so that's right so we found a
00:26:23 --> 00:26:25 repeating radio transient that isn't
00:26:25 --> 00:26:28 buried deep inside the Galaxy it appears
00:26:28 --> 00:26:31 is about 13° off the plane so it's still
00:26:31 --> 00:26:34 in our galaxy it's just not buried
00:26:34 --> 00:26:37 inside all the mess of all of the stars
00:26:37 --> 00:26:40 and we could see with the accuracy of
00:26:40 --> 00:26:43 the mwa that the radio populations were
00:26:43 --> 00:26:45 coming from one of two different Stars
00:26:45 --> 00:26:48 we weren't sure which one or indeed it
00:26:48 --> 00:26:50 could have been that it could have been
00:26:50 --> 00:26:52 appearing from an invisible Source
00:26:52 --> 00:26:54 between the Stars we weren't really sure
00:26:54 --> 00:26:56 with the accuracy of the mwa but we were
00:26:56 --> 00:26:57 able to make the detection so we
00:26:57 --> 00:27:00 followed up with mircat which is another
00:27:00 --> 00:27:02 big telescope in the Southern Hemisphere
00:27:02 --> 00:27:05 and indeed both the mwa and mircat are
00:27:05 --> 00:27:07 precursors to the square kilometer array
00:27:07 --> 00:27:09 so meat's in South Africa and I have a
00:27:09 --> 00:27:11 great working relationship with the team
00:27:11 --> 00:27:13 there they've done lots of fantastic
00:27:13 --> 00:27:15 observations towards these long period
00:27:15 --> 00:27:17 radio transients so we got time to look
00:27:17 --> 00:27:20 at our source and mirat has a better
00:27:20 --> 00:27:22 positional precision and boom
00:27:22 --> 00:27:24 highlighted that those pulsations were
00:27:24 --> 00:27:27 coming from one specific star an M3
00:27:27 --> 00:27:28 dwarf
00:27:28 --> 00:27:31 so it seemed very difficult to explain
00:27:32 --> 00:27:34 that we're seeing these bright radio
00:27:34 --> 00:27:36 pulsations from what looks like kind of
00:27:36 --> 00:27:39 a boring star but when we looked at the
00:27:39 --> 00:27:42 timing of the pulsations sometimes they
00:27:42 --> 00:27:43 would arrive a little bit sooner than
00:27:43 --> 00:27:45 they expected and sometimes they would
00:27:45 --> 00:27:47 arrive a little bit later than we
00:27:47 --> 00:27:50 expected as if the source of the radio
00:27:50 --> 00:27:53 waves was moving closer to us and then
00:27:53 --> 00:27:55 further away and then closer and then
00:27:56 --> 00:27:58 further away and that of course impli
00:27:58 --> 00:28:01 an orbit so as if the radio emitter is
00:28:01 --> 00:28:05 in an orbit with the m dwarf now that's
00:28:05 --> 00:28:06 exciting because there are actually
00:28:06 --> 00:28:10 known systems that behave this way and
00:28:10 --> 00:28:12 while some of them have produced radio
00:28:12 --> 00:28:14 waves none of them have ever been as
00:28:14 --> 00:28:15 bright as the long period radio
00:28:15 --> 00:28:18 transients it at least gives us some
00:28:18 --> 00:28:21 kind of framework to start testing our
00:28:21 --> 00:28:23 observations and testing what we see
00:28:23 --> 00:28:25 against that theoretical
00:28:25 --> 00:28:29 model now at this stage the hypothesis
00:28:29 --> 00:28:31 is that the binary partner to this red
00:28:31 --> 00:28:33 dwarf it's not likely to be a neutron
00:28:33 --> 00:28:35 star because the beam isn't powerful
00:28:35 --> 00:28:37 enough but it could be a white dwarf
00:28:37 --> 00:28:40 yeah that's the suspicion now
00:28:40 --> 00:28:41 unfortunately our system while it is out
00:28:42 --> 00:28:45 of the plane is 5 light years away
00:28:45 --> 00:28:48 so it's still really really far away now
00:28:48 --> 00:28:50 a white dwarf to put it into context a
00:28:50 --> 00:28:53 white dwarf is this core of carbon and
00:28:53 --> 00:28:56 oxygen and helium and it's quite small
00:28:56 --> 00:28:58 it's about the size of the planet Earth
00:28:58 --> 00:29:01 and it's quite bright in UV so like just
00:29:01 --> 00:29:03 a little bit shorter wavelength than the
00:29:03 --> 00:29:06 visible light that we see but they they
00:29:06 --> 00:29:06 so
00:29:06 --> 00:29:09 small they're quite dim and the blue
00:29:09 --> 00:29:12 light that they produce is very easily
00:29:12 --> 00:29:15 absorbed by dust in our galaxy and so
00:29:15 --> 00:29:17 even though our source is is quite off
00:29:17 --> 00:29:19 the plane and it's closer than most of
00:29:19 --> 00:29:21 the long period radio trans it's still
00:29:21 --> 00:29:23 really really hard to tell so we are
00:29:23 --> 00:29:25 working on followup with other
00:29:25 --> 00:29:27 telescopes to try and pick out whether
00:29:27 --> 00:29:29 they're is a white dwarf in that system
00:29:29 --> 00:29:31 and that would really be Smoking Gun
00:29:31 --> 00:29:33 evidence that at least some of the long
00:29:33 --> 00:29:35 period radio transients are caused by
00:29:35 --> 00:29:38 these binary M dwarf white dwarf system
00:29:38 --> 00:29:39 and that's very cool because white
00:29:39 --> 00:29:41 dwarfs they're not supposed to act like
00:29:41 --> 00:29:43 pulsars essentially that would imply
00:29:43 --> 00:29:45 that the white dwarf has a very strong
00:29:45 --> 00:29:47 magnetic field how did it get that
00:29:48 --> 00:29:50 magnetic field why is it using that
00:29:50 --> 00:29:52 magnetic field to generate radio
00:29:52 --> 00:29:54 emission I mean I had a lovely
00:29:54 --> 00:29:56 conversation with some white dwarf and M
00:29:56 --> 00:29:58 dwarf experts a couple week weeks ago on
00:29:58 --> 00:30:01 a telecon and we spent 2 hours talking
00:30:01 --> 00:30:03 about M dwarfs and white dwarfs and we
00:30:03 --> 00:30:06 were still not that much closer to
00:30:06 --> 00:30:08 explaining exactly how these systems
00:30:08 --> 00:30:10 work but at least having an optical
00:30:10 --> 00:30:12 counterpart gives us something to follow
00:30:12 --> 00:30:15 up as opposed to well it could be any of
00:30:15 --> 00:30:17 a thousand stars nearby and we have no
00:30:17 --> 00:30:19 idea where to start when we look at a
00:30:19 --> 00:30:21 planet like Jupiter we know that a lot
00:30:21 --> 00:30:23 of its auroral activity comes not just
00:30:24 --> 00:30:26 from the solar wind but also from one of
00:30:26 --> 00:30:28 its Galilean moons I which is constantly
00:30:29 --> 00:30:31 spewing material into space could the
00:30:31 --> 00:30:33 Red Dwarf be doing the same sort of
00:30:33 --> 00:30:35 thing to the white dwarf I do agree that
00:30:35 --> 00:30:38 is a very plausible emission mechanism I
00:30:38 --> 00:30:40 believe that's called electron flotron
00:30:40 --> 00:30:43 merer emission and there was actually a
00:30:43 --> 00:30:45 paper literally we put our paper on
00:30:45 --> 00:30:47 archive to say we had submitted it to
00:30:47 --> 00:30:50 astrophysical journal letters and within
00:30:50 --> 00:30:52 a week a pair of theorists who work on
00:30:52 --> 00:30:54 these kinds of things had looked at our
00:30:54 --> 00:30:55 paper and another one that was published
00:30:55 --> 00:30:57 by or has been submitted by another
00:30:57 --> 00:31:00 group and did some very complicated math
00:31:00 --> 00:31:02 and said okay maybe it's electron cyron
00:31:02 --> 00:31:04 Meer emission with relativistic
00:31:04 --> 00:31:06 electrons now that's great that's a step
00:31:06 --> 00:31:08 forward now we need to take some of the
00:31:08 --> 00:31:11 testable predictions from that paper and
00:31:11 --> 00:31:13 then compare them to our observations
00:31:13 --> 00:31:14 and a lot of scien is done like this The
00:31:14 --> 00:31:17 Observers will find something unusual or
00:31:17 --> 00:31:19 strange that is not explained by the
00:31:19 --> 00:31:21 current theories and once we make enough
00:31:21 --> 00:31:23 noise about it and we say no look guys
00:31:23 --> 00:31:25 you've got to update your theories the
00:31:25 --> 00:31:26 theorists will spend some time on a
00:31:26 --> 00:31:28 Blackboard or a white board and then
00:31:28 --> 00:31:31 they'll write a whole a whole paper of
00:31:31 --> 00:31:33 very complicated equations which
00:31:33 --> 00:31:35 hopefully has some ideas in there about
00:31:35 --> 00:31:37 what observers should see if that theory
00:31:37 --> 00:31:39 is correct and so we do this kind of
00:31:39 --> 00:31:41 dance back and forth that's associate
00:31:41 --> 00:31:43 professor Natasha Hurley Walker from the
00:31:43 --> 00:31:45 curtain University node of the
00:31:45 --> 00:31:47 International Center for radioastronomy
00:31:47 --> 00:31:52 research and this is spacetime
00:31:52 --> 00:32:06 [Music]
00:32:06 --> 00:32:07 and time now to take a brief look at
00:32:07 --> 00:32:09 some of the other stories making news
00:32:09 --> 00:32:11 and science this week with a science
00:32:11 --> 00:32:13 report a new study has warned that
00:32:13 --> 00:32:16 shallow groundwater is projected to warm
00:32:16 --> 00:32:20 on average by between 2.1 and 3.5 de C
00:32:20 --> 00:32:22 by the end of the century the findings
00:32:23 --> 00:32:24 reported in the journal Nature
00:32:24 --> 00:32:26 geoscience are based on a new Global
00:32:26 --> 00:32:28 groundwater computer simul ation
00:32:28 --> 00:32:30 temperature model the model estimates
00:32:30 --> 00:32:35 that by 2099 between 59 and 588 million
00:32:35 --> 00:32:37 people worldwide will be living in areas
00:32:37 --> 00:32:39 where groundwater exceeds the highest
00:32:39 --> 00:32:41 threshold for drinky water temperature
00:32:41 --> 00:32:43 the model predicts the highest warming
00:32:43 --> 00:32:45 rates will be in central Russia northern
00:32:45 --> 00:32:48 China and parts of North America in the
00:32:48 --> 00:32:50 Amazon forest with Australian
00:32:50 --> 00:32:52 groundwater temperatures also expected
00:32:52 --> 00:32:53 to
00:32:53 --> 00:32:56 rise a new study has shown that sugary
00:32:56 --> 00:32:58 drinks could be responsible for one in
00:32:58 --> 00:33:01 10 new typee 2 diabetes cases and at
00:33:01 --> 00:33:03 least one in 30 new cases of heart
00:33:03 --> 00:33:06 disease worldwide the findings reported
00:33:06 --> 00:33:08 in the journal Nature medicine used
00:33:08 --> 00:33:10 worldwide data on the consumption of
00:33:10 --> 00:33:12 sugar sweetened beverages combined with
00:33:12 --> 00:33:14 data on diabetes and heart disease rates
00:33:14 --> 00:33:16 around the world to estimate how many of
00:33:16 --> 00:33:18 these health conditions could reasonably
00:33:18 --> 00:33:20 be attributed to the negative Health
00:33:20 --> 00:33:22 impacts of drinking too many sugary
00:33:22 --> 00:33:26 drinks they estimate that in 2020 2.2
00:33:26 --> 00:33:28 million new cases of type to diabetes
00:33:28 --> 00:33:30 and 1.2 million new cases of heart
00:33:30 --> 00:33:32 disease could be attributable to these
00:33:32 --> 00:33:35 drinks with subsaharan Africa seeing the
00:33:35 --> 00:33:38 greatest increase over the past 30
00:33:38 --> 00:33:40 years scientists have discovered that
00:33:40 --> 00:33:43 the now long extinct ancient New Zealand
00:33:43 --> 00:33:45 bird the Moa had expensive tastes
00:33:45 --> 00:33:48 enjoying a snack on truffles scientists
00:33:48 --> 00:33:50 have found that fossilized mower
00:33:50 --> 00:33:52 droppings show that these ancient Birds
00:33:52 --> 00:33:54 used to consume fungi that was symbiotic
00:33:54 --> 00:33:56 with trees a report in the journal
00:33:56 --> 00:33:59 biology letters analyzed two ancient
00:33:59 --> 00:34:01 coer lights found in Nelson and
00:34:01 --> 00:34:03 fjordland Beach forests both from small
00:34:03 --> 00:34:06 Upland Mower and identified fungal DNA
00:34:06 --> 00:34:09 and spores they found that the M had
00:34:09 --> 00:34:11 been munching on truffle likee fungi
00:34:11 --> 00:34:13 that have mutual relationships with
00:34:13 --> 00:34:15 Forest forming trees the author said
00:34:15 --> 00:34:17 that these native fungi may have been
00:34:17 --> 00:34:20 dependent on MOA to spread their spores
00:34:20 --> 00:34:22 so the extinction of these ancient birds
00:34:22 --> 00:34:23 that ate them could have affected not
00:34:23 --> 00:34:25 only their spread but also native New
00:34:26 --> 00:34:29 Zealand forest ecosystems
00:34:29 --> 00:34:31 well it was the biggest story in America
00:34:31 --> 00:34:33 just weeks ago but all the hype about
00:34:33 --> 00:34:35 those so-called mysterious drones that
00:34:35 --> 00:34:37 were allegedly invading the Skies of New
00:34:37 --> 00:34:39 Jersey have all of a sudden disappeared
00:34:39 --> 00:34:42 from the headlines or was it just that
00:34:42 --> 00:34:44 the real news of the disastrous La
00:34:44 --> 00:34:47 wildfires took away all their attention
00:34:47 --> 00:34:49 Tim mendum from a strali skeptic says
00:34:49 --> 00:34:52 the Drone story was never a real story
00:34:52 --> 00:34:54 just a lot of clickbait Gone Wild these
00:34:54 --> 00:34:57 things go feds they'll always come
00:34:57 --> 00:34:58 around particular UFO sightings and you
00:34:58 --> 00:35:01 people like UFO hysteria and UFO
00:35:01 --> 00:35:03 enthusiasms but the problem is that you
00:35:03 --> 00:35:04 know these things pop up every so often
00:35:04 --> 00:35:06 we had the one not that long ago of the
00:35:06 --> 00:35:09 talks to Congress Etc the witness was
00:35:09 --> 00:35:11 coming before US Congress suggesting
00:35:11 --> 00:35:12 government knows about all these UFOs
00:35:12 --> 00:35:13 they have them and they have the bodies
00:35:14 --> 00:35:15 and these things are buried under the
00:35:15 --> 00:35:16 ground blah blah blah and the truth will
00:35:16 --> 00:35:18 be out there within 12 months or
00:35:18 --> 00:35:19 whatever and then it's never happened
00:35:20 --> 00:35:22 they've been saying this since the 940s
00:35:22 --> 00:35:24 when the Uso that craze first started
00:35:24 --> 00:35:26 that a truth will come out very soon
00:35:26 --> 00:35:28 we're waiting what 80 years later or
00:35:28 --> 00:35:29 something like that and it still hasn't
00:35:29 --> 00:35:32 come out these lights over New Jersey
00:35:32 --> 00:35:34 it's fascinating stuff people's looking
00:35:34 --> 00:35:35 up in the sky and seeing things they
00:35:35 --> 00:35:37 don't look up in the sky often enough
00:35:37 --> 00:35:38 and they seeing things up there which
00:35:38 --> 00:35:40 they can't explain fair enough they're
00:35:40 --> 00:35:41 not trained observers in these things
00:35:41 --> 00:35:43 and funny enough these lights move
00:35:43 --> 00:35:45 exactly like planes move they have
00:35:45 --> 00:35:47 navigation markings on them some have
00:35:47 --> 00:35:49 navigation light and two people ask why
00:35:49 --> 00:35:51 would an alien craft have navigation
00:35:51 --> 00:35:53 lights and someone suggested oh it's
00:35:53 --> 00:35:55 insurance issues uo worried about
00:35:55 --> 00:35:57 bumping into another plane and they
00:35:57 --> 00:35:58 being being have to pay the insurance
00:35:58 --> 00:36:00 those rats would be out of this world
00:36:00 --> 00:36:01 yeah yeah but I mean there's a lot of
00:36:01 --> 00:36:03 people who are are sort of explaining
00:36:03 --> 00:36:06 patiently what these things are
00:36:06 --> 00:36:08 self-respecting alien life form that's
00:36:08 --> 00:36:10 traveled billions of light years to
00:36:10 --> 00:36:13 reach us would fly over New Jersey well
00:36:13 --> 00:36:14 the same ones that fly over the the
00:36:14 --> 00:36:17 Midwest of USA and kidnap local farmers
00:36:17 --> 00:36:19 Etc you know and give them a good
00:36:19 --> 00:36:21 probing give a good probing so I mean
00:36:21 --> 00:36:22 surely one of them's going to land
00:36:22 --> 00:36:25 somewhere in a real on the front lawn of
00:36:25 --> 00:36:26 but what are you going to say going to
00:36:26 --> 00:36:28 land on the front lawn the White House
00:36:28 --> 00:36:29 and say take us to your leader there's
00:36:29 --> 00:36:31 going to be a lot of head scratching if
00:36:31 --> 00:36:32 that happens right
00:36:32 --> 00:36:35 now very funny after all these years
00:36:35 --> 00:36:37 there is no evidence and these New
00:36:37 --> 00:36:39 Jersey well we was calling them drones
00:36:39 --> 00:36:40 because theyum a lot of them are Dr some
00:36:40 --> 00:36:41 of them weren't drones some of them were
00:36:41 --> 00:36:45 actually aircraft that's right were
00:36:45 --> 00:36:47 aircraft anyone can look at them and see
00:36:47 --> 00:36:49 their aircraft it's some them are drones
00:36:49 --> 00:36:52 Ian Amazon do parel deliveries and
00:36:52 --> 00:36:53 drones are very common these days you
00:36:53 --> 00:36:55 know you can pick them up at a local
00:36:55 --> 00:36:58 supermarket basically but I mean Geller
00:36:58 --> 00:37:00 of course our favorite spoon bender and
00:37:00 --> 00:37:02 self-publisher says these sightings are
00:37:02 --> 00:37:04 a warning to Earth with a show of power
00:37:04 --> 00:37:06 and Superior technology but you you
00:37:07 --> 00:37:08 course he does of course he do he will
00:37:08 --> 00:37:10 hop on any latest Trend and sort of
00:37:10 --> 00:37:12 claim it yeah these things they come and
00:37:12 --> 00:37:14 they go as you say the you know the Los
00:37:14 --> 00:37:17 Angeles fires have taken the New Jersey
00:37:17 --> 00:37:19 aliens totally off the front pages but
00:37:19 --> 00:37:21 give it a few months a year perhaps a
00:37:21 --> 00:37:22 year and a half and there'll be a new
00:37:22 --> 00:37:24 set of sightings and definite things
00:37:24 --> 00:37:25 which the truth is just around the
00:37:25 --> 00:37:27 corner if the regular occurrence for
00:37:27 --> 00:37:29 these things it's a trend they come and
00:37:29 --> 00:37:31 they go like all sorts of Trends that's
00:37:31 --> 00:37:36 Tim mum from Australian
00:37:36 --> 00:37:48 [Music]
00:37:49 --> 00:37:52 Skeptics and that's the show for now
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