Astronomy Daily - The Podcast: S04E23
In this episode of Astronomy Daily, host Anna delves into a series of remarkable advancements in space science, covering everything from the universe's expansion rate to innovative concepts for lunar habitats. Join us as we explore the latest findings that are reshaping our understanding of the cosmos.
Highlights:
- Hubble and James Webb Collaboration: Discover how combined observations from the Hubble and James Webb Space Telescopes have refined the measurement of the universe's expansion rate, known as the Hubble constant, to approximately 72.6 kilometers per second per megaparsec.
- Arctic Ocean as an Enceladus Testbed: Learn about scientists using Earth's Arctic Ocean to simulate conditions on Saturn's moon Enceladus, searching for chemical signatures that could indicate extraterrestrial life.
- Changes in M87 Black Hole: Get insights into the evolving dynamics of the M87 black hole, including the movement of its luminous ring, which reveals critical information about its orientation and surrounding environment.
- Meteorite Ownership Debate : Explore the fascinating and complex world of meteorite ownership, as recent discoveries spark discussions about the balance between private collectors and scientific research.
- NASA's PUNCH Mission: Follow the progress of NASA's PUNCH mission, which aims to study the sun's outer atmosphere using a fleet of four compact satellites, enhancing our understanding of solar wind dynamics.
- Visionary Concepts from NASA: Discover NASA's NIAC program's groundbreaking proposals for 2025, including innovative ideas for lunar habitats made from lunar glass and advanced propulsion systems for deep space exploration.
For more cosmic updates, v Join our community on social media by searching for #AstroDailyPod on Facebook, X, YouTubeMusic, Tumblr, and TikTok. Share your thoughts and connect with fellow space enthusiasts. Don't forget to subscribe to the podcast on Apple Podcasts, Spotify, iHeartRadio, or wherever you get your podcasts .
Thank you for tuning in. This is Anna signing off. Until next time, keep looking up and stay curious about the wonders of our universe.
00:00 - Astronomy Daily brings you the latest in space and astronomy news
00:50 - Hubble and James Webb refine the Hubble constant
03:20 - Arctic Ocean used to simulate Enceladus conditions
06:15 - M87 black hole shows signs of change
09:30 - Meteorite ownership and the debate over scientific access
12:20 - NASA's PUNCH mission prepares for launch
15:00 - Innovative concepts from NASA's NIAC program for 2025
✍️ Episode References
NASA
[NASA](https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-the-podcast--5648921/support (https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/astronomy-daily-the-podcast--5648921/support?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss) .
Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/25273774?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:02 welcome to astronomy daily your daily
00:00:02 --> 00:00:04 dose of space and astronomy news I'm
00:00:04 --> 00:00:06 your host Anna and today we'll explore
00:00:06 --> 00:00:08 some fascinating developments in space
00:00:08 --> 00:00:11 science from black holes to meteorites
00:00:11 --> 00:00:13 and from lunar glass homes to
00:00:13 --> 00:00:16 groundbreaking NASA missions a lot to
00:00:16 --> 00:00:19 cover so let's get started in an
00:00:19 --> 00:00:21 exciting development for our
00:00:21 --> 00:00:23 understanding of the cosmos scientists
00:00:23 --> 00:00:25 have made significant progress in
00:00:25 --> 00:00:27 measuring the universe's expansion rate
00:00:27 --> 00:00:29 thanks to combined observations from
00:00:29 --> 00:00:32 both the Hubble and James web space
00:00:32 --> 00:00:34 telescopes these latest findings are
00:00:34 --> 00:00:36 helping to fine-tune one of astronomy's
00:00:36 --> 00:00:39 most crucial measurements the Hubble
00:00:39 --> 00:00:41 constant the Hubble constant tells us
00:00:41 --> 00:00:43 how fast galaxies are moving away from
00:00:43 --> 00:00:46 each other as the universe expands think
00:00:46 --> 00:00:49 of it as the cosmic speedometer of our
00:00:49 --> 00:00:52 universe recent analysis from the James
00:00:52 --> 00:00:54 web Space Telescope has validated
00:00:54 --> 00:00:56 earlier calculations made by Hubble
00:00:56 --> 00:00:58 providing even more precise
00:00:58 --> 00:01:00 measurements when the research team
00:01:00 --> 00:01:02 combined all measurements from both
00:01:02 --> 00:01:04 telescopes they found the Hubble
00:01:04 --> 00:01:07 constant to be approximately 72.6 km per
00:01:08 --> 00:01:11 second per megap parsec this means that
00:01:11 --> 00:01:14 for every megap Parc roughly 3.26
00:01:14 --> 00:01:16 million light years galaxies are moving
00:01:16 --> 00:01:19 away from each other at about 72.6
00:01:19 --> 00:01:22 km/s this confirmation is particularly
00:01:22 --> 00:01:23 significant because it helps address
00:01:23 --> 00:01:26 what scientists call the Hubble tension
00:01:26 --> 00:01:28 a long-standing disagreement between
00:01:28 --> 00:01:29 different methods of measuring the unit
00:01:29 --> 00:01:32 universe's expansion rate the new data
00:01:32 --> 00:01:34 from James web provides independent
00:01:34 --> 00:01:36 verification of Hubble's observations
00:01:36 --> 00:01:38 giving astronomers more confidence in
00:01:38 --> 00:01:40 their understanding of this fundamental
00:01:40 --> 00:01:43 Cosmic property the team used several
00:01:43 --> 00:01:44 techniques to reach these conclusions
00:01:44 --> 00:01:46 including studying special types of
00:01:46 --> 00:01:48 stars called sehid variables and
00:01:48 --> 00:01:51 explosive events known as type 1 a
00:01:51 --> 00:01:54 supernova these Cosmic phenomena act
00:01:54 --> 00:01:56 like standard candles allowing
00:01:56 --> 00:01:57 astronomers to measure vast distances
00:01:57 --> 00:02:01 across space with remarkable precision
00:02:01 --> 00:02:03 next up today in one of the most
00:02:03 --> 00:02:05 intriguing Quests for extraterrestrial
00:02:05 --> 00:02:07 life scientists are turning to Earth's
00:02:07 --> 00:02:09 Arctic Ocean as a testing ground for
00:02:09 --> 00:02:11 future missions to Saturn's moon
00:02:11 --> 00:02:14 Enceladus this icy moon has captured the
00:02:14 --> 00:02:17 imagination of astrobiologists worldwide
00:02:17 --> 00:02:19 since the Cassini Mission discovered its
00:02:19 --> 00:02:21 subsurface ocean and active geysers
00:02:21 --> 00:02:24 erupting from its South Pole the Arctic
00:02:24 --> 00:02:26 Ocean serves as an excellent analog for
00:02:26 --> 00:02:28 enceladus's conditions with its ice
00:02:28 --> 00:02:30 covered surface and underwater
00:02:30 --> 00:02:32 hydrothermal vents scientists are
00:02:33 --> 00:02:34 collecting water and ice samples
00:02:34 --> 00:02:35 searching for Telltale chemical
00:02:35 --> 00:02:37 signatures like methane and hydrogen
00:02:37 --> 00:02:40 that could indicate biological activity
00:02:40 --> 00:02:41 these same chemical markers could
00:02:42 --> 00:02:44 potentially reveal life on Enceladus
00:02:44 --> 00:02:46 when Cassini sampled enceladus's plumes
00:02:46 --> 00:02:49 back in 2004 it detected water ice
00:02:49 --> 00:02:51 methane and various carbon-based
00:02:51 --> 00:02:53 molecules the spacecraft also found
00:02:53 --> 00:02:56 molecular hydrogen and nitrogen all the
00:02:56 --> 00:02:57 basic ingredients needed for Life as We
00:02:57 --> 00:03:00 Know It the moon's ice crust estimated
00:03:00 --> 00:03:03 to be anywhere from a few to 40 km thick
00:03:03 --> 00:03:05 conceals a global ocean that could
00:03:05 --> 00:03:07 potentially Harbor life what makes
00:03:07 --> 00:03:09 Enceladus particularly promising are its
00:03:09 --> 00:03:12 hydrothermal vents similar to those
00:03:12 --> 00:03:14 found in Earth's oceans these vents
00:03:14 --> 00:03:16 could provide the energy necessary to
00:03:16 --> 00:03:19 support entire ecosystems just as they
00:03:19 --> 00:03:22 do in our planet's deepest Waters the
00:03:22 --> 00:03:23 research team has successfully
00:03:23 --> 00:03:25 demonstrated that they can detect and
00:03:25 --> 00:03:27 measure various chemical compounds in
00:03:27 --> 00:03:30 Arctic Waters using the same techn ology
00:03:30 --> 00:03:32 planned for future Enceladus missions
00:03:32 --> 00:03:34 these Arctic trials are crucial for
00:03:34 --> 00:03:35 perfecting the techniques and
00:03:35 --> 00:03:37 instruments that will one day explore
00:03:37 --> 00:03:40 enceladus's mysterious ocean by
00:03:40 --> 00:03:42 practicing here on earth scientists can
00:03:43 --> 00:03:44 refine their methods and ensure they're
00:03:45 --> 00:03:46 ready to detect any potential bio
00:03:46 --> 00:03:48 signatures when we finally send a
00:03:48 --> 00:03:50 dedicated mission to this fascinating
00:03:50 --> 00:03:52 saturnian
00:03:52 --> 00:03:54 Moon and in other news in a
00:03:54 --> 00:03:56 groundbreaking development The Event
00:03:56 --> 00:03:59 Horizon telescope team has revealed that
00:03:59 --> 00:04:02 M8 7 Star the first black hole ever
00:04:02 --> 00:04:04 photographed is showing remarkable signs
00:04:04 --> 00:04:07 of change the latest analysis combining
00:04:07 --> 00:04:11 data from 2017 and 2018 observations
00:04:11 --> 00:04:13 gives us an unprecedented look at how
00:04:13 --> 00:04:16 these Cosmic Giants evolve over time the
00:04:16 --> 00:04:18 most striking change is in the black
00:04:18 --> 00:04:20 hole's luminous ring while the Ring's
00:04:20 --> 00:04:23 diameter remains consistent at about 43
00:04:23 --> 00:04:26 microarc seconds exactly what we'd
00:04:26 --> 00:04:28 expect from a black hole weighing 6.5
00:04:28 --> 00:04:30 billion solar masses its brightest
00:04:30 --> 00:04:32 region has shifted by 30°
00:04:32 --> 00:04:34 counterclockwise this movement isn't
00:04:34 --> 00:04:36 random it's exactly what theoretical
00:04:36 --> 00:04:39 models predicted caused by turbulence in
00:04:39 --> 00:04:41 the hot gas swirling around the black
00:04:41 --> 00:04:44 hole perhaps even more fascinating is
00:04:44 --> 00:04:45 what these observations tell us about
00:04:45 --> 00:04:49 m87 stars orientation the fact that the
00:04:49 --> 00:04:51 ring consistently appears brightest on
00:04:51 --> 00:04:53 its bottom side confirms that the black
00:04:53 --> 00:04:55 hole's rotational axis is tilted away
00:04:55 --> 00:04:58 from Earth this persistent feature helps
00:04:58 --> 00:04:59 scientists better understand understand
00:05:00 --> 00:05:01 the three-dimensional structure of the
00:05:01 --> 00:05:04 environment around this massive Cosmic
00:05:04 --> 00:05:06 object think of it like watching clouds
00:05:06 --> 00:05:08 move around a mountain peak while the
00:05:08 --> 00:05:11 mountain itself stays the same the
00:05:11 --> 00:05:13 changing patterns of clouds can tell us
00:05:13 --> 00:05:15 about wind directions and atmospheric
00:05:15 --> 00:05:18 conditions similarly these subtle
00:05:18 --> 00:05:21 changes in m87 Stars appearance reveal
00:05:21 --> 00:05:23 crucial information about how matter
00:05:23 --> 00:05:25 behaves in the most extreme environments
00:05:25 --> 00:05:28 in our universe the EHT team isn't
00:05:28 --> 00:05:30 stopping here they're already analyzing
00:05:30 --> 00:05:34 data from 2021 and 2022 working toward
00:05:34 --> 00:05:36 their ultimate goal creating the first
00:05:36 --> 00:05:39 ever time-lapse video of a black hole
00:05:39 --> 00:05:41 this ongoing monitoring of m87 star
00:05:41 --> 00:05:43 promises to revolutionize our
00:05:43 --> 00:05:45 understanding of these Cosmic Giants and
00:05:46 --> 00:05:48 the fundamental physics that governs our
00:05:49 --> 00:05:51 universe okay here are some statistics
00:05:51 --> 00:05:54 that may stagger you every day Earth
00:05:54 --> 00:05:56 receives about 48.5 tons of visitors
00:05:56 --> 00:05:59 from space in the form of meteorites
00:05:59 --> 00:06:00 While most most of these Cosmic rocks
00:06:00 --> 00:06:03 disappear into our oceans never to be
00:06:03 --> 00:06:05 found the ones that land on Solid Ground
00:06:05 --> 00:06:07 often spark fascinating debates about
00:06:07 --> 00:06:09 who has the right to keep them the
00:06:09 --> 00:06:11 meteorite hunting business has evolved
00:06:11 --> 00:06:14 into a lucrative Global Enterprise with
00:06:14 --> 00:06:16 space rocks being traded online and
00:06:16 --> 00:06:18 shipped between countries like Precious
00:06:18 --> 00:06:19 Commodities while these Celestial
00:06:19 --> 00:06:22 souvenirs Captivate collectors they're
00:06:22 --> 00:06:24 also invaluable to scientists studying
00:06:24 --> 00:06:26 the mysteries of our universe
00:06:27 --> 00:06:28 unfortunately many significant specimens
00:06:28 --> 00:06:30 are being lost to private collections
00:06:30 --> 00:06:32 potentially depriving researchers of
00:06:32 --> 00:06:34 crucial data take New Zealand's recent
00:06:34 --> 00:06:37 takoo meteorite Discovery for example
00:06:37 --> 00:06:41 this apple-sized space Rock weighing 810
00:06:41 --> 00:06:43 gram sparked an interesting legal
00:06:43 --> 00:06:45 discussion about ownership rights while
00:06:45 --> 00:06:48 it was found on public land the citizen
00:06:48 --> 00:06:50 science group that discovered it became
00:06:50 --> 00:06:51 its legal owner under the Finders
00:06:52 --> 00:06:54 Keepers principle fortunately they chose
00:06:54 --> 00:06:57 to donate it for scientific study not
00:06:57 --> 00:06:59 all cases are so straightforward
00:06:59 --> 00:07:01 different countries handle meteorite
00:07:01 --> 00:07:04 ownership in vastly different ways some
00:07:04 --> 00:07:06 Nations allow private ownership While
00:07:06 --> 00:07:08 others mandate State ownership without
00:07:08 --> 00:07:11 compensation when meteorites land on
00:07:11 --> 00:07:13 private property they typically belong
00:07:13 --> 00:07:15 to the land owner but public land
00:07:15 --> 00:07:17 findings can get complicated leading to
00:07:17 --> 00:07:19 various legal interpretations and
00:07:19 --> 00:07:21 disputes the commercial value of
00:07:21 --> 00:07:23 meteorites has skyrocketed with some
00:07:23 --> 00:07:25 specimens fetching millions of dollars
00:07:25 --> 00:07:27 high-profile collectors including
00:07:27 --> 00:07:29 celebrities and Tech entrepreneurs have
00:07:29 --> 00:07:31 helped turn meteorite collecting into a
00:07:31 --> 00:07:34 glamorous hobby this has led some
00:07:34 --> 00:07:35 countries to implement strict
00:07:35 --> 00:07:38 regulations on meteorite exports
00:07:38 --> 00:07:39 recognizing these space rocks as
00:07:39 --> 00:07:41 protected objects of scientific and
00:07:41 --> 00:07:43 cultural
00:07:43 --> 00:07:45 significance these regulations aim to
00:07:45 --> 00:07:47 balance Private Collection rights with
00:07:47 --> 00:07:49 scientific needs but as the market value
00:07:49 --> 00:07:52 of meteorites continues to rise the
00:07:52 --> 00:07:53 tension between collectors and
00:07:53 --> 00:07:56 researchers grows it raises an important
00:07:56 --> 00:07:58 question should we prioritize scientific
00:07:58 --> 00:08:00 study over private ownership when it
00:08:00 --> 00:08:02 comes to these ancient Messengers from
00:08:03 --> 00:08:05 space NASA's latest mission to study our
00:08:05 --> 00:08:08 son is making exciting progress as four
00:08:08 --> 00:08:11 compact satellites part of the punch
00:08:11 --> 00:08:13 Mission have arrived at their launch
00:08:13 --> 00:08:15 site in California these specialized
00:08:15 --> 00:08:17 satellites will work together like
00:08:17 --> 00:08:19 pieces of a puzzle to study something
00:08:19 --> 00:08:21 we've never fully understood how the
00:08:21 --> 00:08:23 sun's outer atmosphere transforms into
00:08:23 --> 00:08:25 the solar wind that flows through our
00:08:25 --> 00:08:28 solar system the mission whose full name
00:08:28 --> 00:08:31 is the erimeter to unify the Corona and
00:08:31 --> 00:08:34 heliosphere isn't traveling alone it's
00:08:34 --> 00:08:36 hitching a ride on a SpaceX Falcon 9
00:08:36 --> 00:08:38 rocket alongside another fascinating
00:08:38 --> 00:08:40 piece of technology the sphex Space
00:08:40 --> 00:08:42 Telescope the launch is scheduled for
00:08:42 --> 00:08:44 the end of February from vandenbberg
00:08:44 --> 00:08:46 space Force Base what makes punch
00:08:46 --> 00:08:48 particularly interesting is its
00:08:48 --> 00:08:50 innovative approach instead of using one
00:08:50 --> 00:08:52 large satellite it employs four smaller
00:08:52 --> 00:08:55 ones each about the size of a suitcase
00:08:55 --> 00:08:57 these satellites will work in Perfect
00:08:57 --> 00:08:59 Harmony combining their views to create
00:08:59 --> 00:09:01 create a comprehensive map of the region
00:09:01 --> 00:09:03 where the sun's Corona transitions into
00:09:03 --> 00:09:04 solar
00:09:04 --> 00:09:07 wind think of it like having four
00:09:07 --> 00:09:09 cameras positioned around a sports field
00:09:10 --> 00:09:11 each capturing a different angle to give
00:09:11 --> 00:09:14 viewers the complete picture the
00:09:14 --> 00:09:15 satellites are currently undergoing
00:09:16 --> 00:09:17 their final preparations at astrotech
00:09:18 --> 00:09:20 space operations teams are meticulously
00:09:20 --> 00:09:23 testing every component particularly the
00:09:23 --> 00:09:25 solar arrays that will power each
00:09:25 --> 00:09:27 satellite these tests are crucial to
00:09:27 --> 00:09:29 ensure everything functions perfectly
00:09:29 --> 00:09:31 once they're in space as there won't be
00:09:31 --> 00:09:33 any opportunity for repairs after
00:09:34 --> 00:09:36 launch this Mission represents a
00:09:36 --> 00:09:37 significant step forward in our
00:09:37 --> 00:09:40 understanding of solar physics by
00:09:40 --> 00:09:41 studying how the sun's atmosphere
00:09:41 --> 00:09:43 becomes solar wind scientists hope to
00:09:43 --> 00:09:45 better predict space weather events that
00:09:45 --> 00:09:48 can affect our satellites power grids
00:09:48 --> 00:09:50 and communication systems here on Earth
00:09:50 --> 00:09:52 it's another example of how studying the
00:09:52 --> 00:09:55 cosmos isn't just about satisfying our
00:09:55 --> 00:09:57 curiosity it's about protecting our
00:09:57 --> 00:09:59 technological infrastructure and better
00:09:59 --> 00:10:01 understanding our place in the solar
00:10:02 --> 00:10:04 system finally today let's take a look
00:10:04 --> 00:10:07 into NASA's crystal ball NASA's niac
00:10:07 --> 00:10:09 program has just unveiled its Visionary
00:10:09 --> 00:10:12 concepts for 2025 and they're pushing
00:10:12 --> 00:10:13 the boundaries of what we thought
00:10:13 --> 00:10:16 possible in space exploration with a
00:10:16 --> 00:10:18 substantial investment of $ 2
00:10:18 --> 00:10:22 million in Grants NASA is backing 15
00:10:22 --> 00:10:24 groundbreaking ideas that could
00:10:24 --> 00:10:26 revolutionize how we explore and inhabit
00:10:27 --> 00:10:29 space one of the most intriguing concept
00:10:29 --> 00:10:31 Concepts comes from helicity space in
00:10:31 --> 00:10:33 Pasadena where they're developing what
00:10:33 --> 00:10:35 they call the helicity drive a compact
00:10:35 --> 00:10:38 Fusion propulsion system imagine
00:10:38 --> 00:10:40 spacecraft powered by the same process
00:10:40 --> 00:10:43 that fuels our sun enabling faster and
00:10:43 --> 00:10:45 more efficient exploration of our solar
00:10:45 --> 00:10:47 system and beyond this technology could
00:10:47 --> 00:10:49 be a GameChanger for future Mars
00:10:49 --> 00:10:52 missions and deep space exploration
00:10:52 --> 00:10:54 another fascinating proposal focuses on
00:10:54 --> 00:10:56 building homes on the moon but not the
00:10:56 --> 00:10:59 way you might expect scientists at
00:10:59 --> 00:11:00 skorts have proposed creating large
00:11:00 --> 00:11:03 scale habitats made entirely from lunar
00:11:03 --> 00:11:06 glass this Innovative approach nicknamed
00:11:06 --> 00:11:08 lungs involves melting lunar materials
00:11:08 --> 00:11:10 to create massive spherical structures
00:11:10 --> 00:11:12 it's a perfect example of insitu
00:11:12 --> 00:11:14 resource utilization using what's
00:11:14 --> 00:11:16 already available on the moon rather
00:11:16 --> 00:11:18 than shipping building materials from
00:11:18 --> 00:11:20 Earth for those interested in the search
00:11:20 --> 00:11:22 for extraterrestrial life there's an
00:11:22 --> 00:11:26 exciting robot concept called leap
00:11:26 --> 00:11:28 designed specifically for exploring
00:11:28 --> 00:11:30 Saturn's moon Enceladus these jumping
00:11:30 --> 00:11:32 robots would hop between the Moon's
00:11:32 --> 00:11:34 famous geysers collecting samples of
00:11:34 --> 00:11:37 ocean derived material shot into space
00:11:37 --> 00:11:40 through these icy Jets other selected
00:11:40 --> 00:11:41 projects include everything from new
00:11:41 --> 00:11:44 ways to explore Venus using electrolysis
00:11:44 --> 00:11:46 to Advanced propulsion systems for
00:11:46 --> 00:11:48 sustainable Aviation there's even a
00:11:49 --> 00:11:51 proposal for using fungi to grow space
00:11:51 --> 00:11:53 habitats and developing inflatable star
00:11:53 --> 00:11:56 shades for studying distant exoplanets
00:11:56 --> 00:11:58 these Concepts might sound like science
00:11:58 --> 00:12:00 fiction but but they represent serious
00:12:00 --> 00:12:02 scientific Endeavors that could shape
00:12:02 --> 00:12:04 the future of space
00:12:04 --> 00:12:06 exploration while they're all still in
00:12:06 --> 00:12:08 early development stages and aren't
00:12:08 --> 00:12:10 official NASA missions yet they
00:12:10 --> 00:12:12 demonstrate the incredible creativity
00:12:12 --> 00:12:14 and Innovation driving our journey to
00:12:14 --> 00:12:16 the Stars just remember where you heard
00:12:16 --> 00:12:18 about them
00:12:18 --> 00:12:20 first thank you for joining me today on
00:12:20 --> 00:12:23 astronomy daily I'm Anna and I hope
00:12:23 --> 00:12:24 you've enjoyed exploring these
00:12:24 --> 00:12:26 fascinating developments in space
00:12:26 --> 00:12:29 science with me for more astronomical
00:12:29 --> 00:12:31 discoveries and space exploration news
00:12:31 --> 00:12:33 visit us at astronomy
00:12:33 --> 00:12:35 daily. where you can sign up for our
00:12:35 --> 00:12:37 free daily newsletter and catch up on
00:12:37 --> 00:12:39 all the latest developments with our
00:12:39 --> 00:12:42 constantly updating Newsfeed you'll also
00:12:42 --> 00:12:44 find all our previous episodes there
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00:13:04 --> 00:13:07 the St is the
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