(00:00:00) Theia Unveiled: Tracing the Origins of Earth's Moon and Lucy's Journey to Jupiter's Trojans
(00:00:50) New study claims Theia and Earth were once neighbours
(00:06:16) Lucy’s mission to Jupiter’s trojan asteroids
(00:15:26) Starliner’s next mission to be limited to cargo only
(00:17:57) The Science Report
(00:23:17) Alex on Tech: Dooms Day clock countdown to Digital ID
In this episode of SpaceTime , we dive into the intriguing origins of our Moon and the latest developments in space exploration.
Theia: The Lost Planet Behind the Moon's Birth
A groundbreaking study reveals that Theia, the small planet believed to have collided with Earth to form the Moon, originated from the inner solar system. Researchers from the Max Planck Institute and the University of Chicago have analyzed isotopic compositions of Earth and Moon rocks, suggesting that Theia was likely composed of materials found closer to the Sun than Earth's orbit. This discovery sheds light on the nature of this celestial body and its dramatic impact on our planet's history.
Lucy Mission Update: Journey to Jupiter's Trojans
NASA's Lucy spacecraft, launched in October 2021, is on an ambitious 12-year mission to explore Jupiter's Trojan asteroids. These ancient remnants from the solar system's formation are crucial for understanding planetary development. Lucy will visit seven asteroids, including both leading and trailing Trojan swarms, providing unprecedented insights into the early solar system. Principal Investigator Hal Levison emphasizes that the mission will revolutionize our understanding of planetary formation and the origins of volatiles and organics on terrestrial planets.
Starliner Mission Limited to Cargo
In a significant setback, NASA has announced that Boeing's Starliner spacecraft will only carry cargo on its next mission to the International Space Station. This decision follows a series of technical issues that plagued Starliner's previous flights. With the total number of planned missions reduced from six to four, NASA aims to ensure safety and reliability before allowing crewed flights again.
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com (https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/)
✍️ Episode References
Journal of Science
NASA Reports
Max Planck Institute Studies
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Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/30422756?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 This is Spacetime Series 28, episode 142
00:00:03 --> 00:00:05 for broadcast on the 3rd of December,
00:00:05 --> 00:00:07 2025.
00:00:07 --> 00:00:09 Coming up on Spaceime, a new study has
00:00:09 --> 00:00:11 found that the small planet that
00:00:11 --> 00:00:13 collided with the Earth to create our
00:00:13 --> 00:00:15 moon also originated from the inner
00:00:15 --> 00:00:18 solar system. An update on Lucy's
00:00:18 --> 00:00:20 mission to Jupiter's Trojan asteroids.
00:00:20 --> 00:00:23 And NASA rules that Starlininer's next
00:00:23 --> 00:00:24 mission to the International Space
00:00:24 --> 00:00:27 Station will be limited to cargo only.
00:00:28 --> 00:00:32 All that and more coming up on Spaceime.
00:00:32 --> 00:00:51 >> Welcome to Spaceime with Stuart Garry.
00:00:51 --> 00:00:53 A new study has found that the small
00:00:53 --> 00:00:55 planet that collided with the earth to
00:00:55 --> 00:00:57 create our moon also originated from the
00:00:57 --> 00:01:00 inner solar system about 4 1/2 billion
00:01:00 --> 00:01:02 years ago. The most momentous event in
00:01:02 --> 00:01:05 the history of our planet occurred. A
00:01:05 --> 00:01:07 huge celestial body about the size of
00:01:07 --> 00:01:09 the planet Mars, which astronomers have
00:01:09 --> 00:01:12 now named Thea, collided with a young
00:01:12 --> 00:01:14 proto Earth, creating a vast magma
00:01:14 --> 00:01:16 ocean, which eventually coalesed,
00:01:16 --> 00:01:18 differentiated, and then solidified to
00:01:18 --> 00:01:21 form the Earth as we know it today.
00:01:21 --> 00:01:23 Meanwhile, some of the debris ejected
00:01:23 --> 00:01:25 from that impact was flung up into
00:01:25 --> 00:01:27 orbit, eventually coalesing to form the
00:01:27 --> 00:01:29 moon. Exactly how that collision
00:01:29 --> 00:01:31 unfolded and what precisely happened
00:01:32 --> 00:01:34 afterwards has not been conclusively
00:01:34 --> 00:01:36 clarified. What is certain, however, is
00:01:36 --> 00:01:39 that the size, composition, and orbit of
00:01:39 --> 00:01:41 the Earth changed as a result, and that
00:01:41 --> 00:01:43 the impact marked the birth of our
00:01:43 --> 00:01:46 constant companion in space, the moon.
00:01:46 --> 00:01:48 But there are lots of questions yet to
00:01:48 --> 00:01:51 be answered. What kind of body was this
00:01:51 --> 00:01:53 Thea that so dramatically altered the
00:01:53 --> 00:01:55 course of our planet's development? How
00:01:55 --> 00:01:57 big was Thea really? We think it was
00:01:57 --> 00:01:59 about a third the size of the earth.
00:01:59 --> 00:02:01 What was it made of? And from which part
00:02:01 --> 00:02:03 of the solar system did it come crashing
00:02:03 --> 00:02:06 into the earth? The problem is finding
00:02:06 --> 00:02:08 answers to these questions is difficult.
00:02:08 --> 00:02:10 After all, Theoa was completely
00:02:10 --> 00:02:12 destroyed in that collision.
00:02:12 --> 00:02:14 Nevertheless, faint traces of it can
00:02:14 --> 00:02:16 still be found today in the composition
00:02:16 --> 00:02:19 of the Earth and Moon. Now a report in
00:02:19 --> 00:02:21 the journal science by researchers at
00:02:21 --> 00:02:23 the Maxplank Institute in the University
00:02:23 --> 00:02:25 of Chicago have worked out a possible
00:02:25 --> 00:02:27 list of ingredients that may have made
00:02:27 --> 00:02:30 up thea and thus helps to point us in
00:02:30 --> 00:02:33 the direction of its place of origin.
00:02:33 --> 00:02:34 You see the ratio of certain metal
00:02:34 --> 00:02:36 isotopes present in a body can be
00:02:36 --> 00:02:39 especially revealing. Isotopes are
00:02:39 --> 00:02:41 varants of the same element that differ
00:02:41 --> 00:02:42 only in the number of neutrons in their
00:02:42 --> 00:02:45 atomic nucleus and thus in their mass.
00:02:45 --> 00:02:47 In the early solar system, the isotopes
00:02:48 --> 00:02:50 of certain given elements were unlikely
00:02:50 --> 00:02:52 to be evenly distributed. At the outer
00:02:52 --> 00:02:54 edge of the solar system, for example,
00:02:54 --> 00:02:56 isotopes occurred in a slightly
00:02:56 --> 00:02:57 different ratio than what they did near
00:02:58 --> 00:03:00 the sun. So, information about the
00:03:00 --> 00:03:02 origin of a body's original building
00:03:02 --> 00:03:04 blocks is thus stored in its isotopic
00:03:04 --> 00:03:07 composition. To reach their conclusions
00:03:07 --> 00:03:09 in this study, the authors determine the
00:03:09 --> 00:03:11 ratio of different iron isotopes in
00:03:11 --> 00:03:13 Earth and moon rocks with unprecedented
00:03:13 --> 00:03:16 precision. They examined 15 terrestrial
00:03:16 --> 00:03:18 rocks and six lunar rock samples which
00:03:18 --> 00:03:20 were brought back by the Apollo
00:03:20 --> 00:03:22 missions. Earlier measurements of the
00:03:22 --> 00:03:24 isotope ratios of chromium, calcium,
00:03:24 --> 00:03:27 titanium, and zirconium had already
00:03:27 --> 00:03:28 shown that the Earth and Moon are
00:03:28 --> 00:03:30 indistinguishable in terms of their
00:03:30 --> 00:03:32 composition. So that clearly doesn't
00:03:32 --> 00:03:34 allow for any direct conclusions about
00:03:34 --> 00:03:37 the simply too many possible collision
00:03:37 --> 00:03:40 scenarios. Now most models assume that
00:03:40 --> 00:03:42 the moon was formed almost exclusively
00:03:42 --> 00:03:44 from ejected material which was flung
00:03:44 --> 00:03:46 off from thea but it's also possible
00:03:46 --> 00:03:48 that it consists primarily of material
00:03:48 --> 00:03:50 from the early earth's mantle or that
00:03:50 --> 00:03:52 the rocks from the earth and thea were
00:03:52 --> 00:03:54 mixed together. Now in order to learn
00:03:54 --> 00:03:57 more about thea the authors applied a
00:03:57 --> 00:03:59 kind of reverse engineering for planets
00:03:59 --> 00:04:02 based on the matching isotope ratios in
00:04:02 --> 00:04:04 today's terrestrial lunar rocks. They
00:04:04 --> 00:04:06 looked at which compositions and sizes
00:04:06 --> 00:04:08 of thea and which composition of the
00:04:08 --> 00:04:10 early earth could have led to the two
00:04:10 --> 00:04:13 bodies current compositions. In their
00:04:13 --> 00:04:15 investigations, the authors looked not
00:04:15 --> 00:04:17 only at ion isotopes but also at those
00:04:17 --> 00:04:20 of chromium, malebinum and sacconium.
00:04:20 --> 00:04:22 The different elements give access to
00:04:22 --> 00:04:24 different phases of planetary formation.
00:04:24 --> 00:04:26 Long before the devastating encounter
00:04:26 --> 00:04:29 with Thea, a kind of sorting process had
00:04:29 --> 00:04:31 already taken place inside the early
00:04:31 --> 00:04:32 Earth. With the formation of the
00:04:32 --> 00:04:34 planet's iron core, some elements such
00:04:34 --> 00:04:37 as iron and malebdinum accumulated
00:04:37 --> 00:04:39 there. So afterwards, they were largely
00:04:39 --> 00:04:42 absent from the rocky mantle above. The
00:04:42 --> 00:04:44 iron found in Earth's mantle today could
00:04:44 --> 00:04:46 therefore only have arrived after the
00:04:46 --> 00:04:48 core had formed. It may have come from
00:04:48 --> 00:04:51 Thea. Other elements such as zaconium,
00:04:51 --> 00:04:53 which didn't sink to the core, document
00:04:53 --> 00:04:55 the entire history of our planet's
00:04:55 --> 00:04:57 formation. Of the mathematically
00:04:57 --> 00:04:59 possible compositions of Thea and the
00:04:59 --> 00:05:00 early Earth that result from the
00:05:00 --> 00:05:02 calculations, some can be ruled out as
00:05:02 --> 00:05:05 implausible. While the composition of
00:05:05 --> 00:05:07 the early Earth can be represented
00:05:07 --> 00:05:09 predominantly as a mixture of known
00:05:09 --> 00:05:11 meteorite classes, this isn't the case
00:05:11 --> 00:05:14 with Thea. Different meteorite classes
00:05:14 --> 00:05:15 originate from different areas of the
00:05:15 --> 00:05:18 outer solar system. They therefore serve
00:05:18 --> 00:05:20 as references for the building material
00:05:20 --> 00:05:22 that was available during the formation
00:05:22 --> 00:05:25 of both the early earth and Thea. In the
00:05:25 --> 00:05:27 case of Thea, however, previously
00:05:27 --> 00:05:29 unknown material may also have been
00:05:29 --> 00:05:31 involved. And the authors believe that
00:05:31 --> 00:05:33 this material's origin lies closer to
00:05:34 --> 00:05:36 the sun than the orbit of the earth. The
00:05:36 --> 00:05:39 calculations therefore suggest that the
00:05:39 --> 00:05:41 itself must have originated closer to
00:05:41 --> 00:05:44 the sun than Earth's orbit. This is
00:05:44 --> 00:05:47 spacetime. Still to come, an update on
00:05:47 --> 00:05:49 Lucy's mission to Jupiter's Trojan
00:05:49 --> 00:05:51 asteroids, and NASA rules that the
00:05:52 --> 00:05:53 trouble plague Starlininer's next
00:05:53 --> 00:05:55 mission to the International Space
00:05:55 --> 00:05:57 Station will be limited to cargo only.
00:05:57 --> 00:06:00 All that and more still to come on
00:06:00 --> 00:06:16 Spaceime
00:06:16 --> 00:06:18 One of the many exciting missions
00:06:18 --> 00:06:20 currently underway is NASA's Lucy
00:06:20 --> 00:06:22 spacecraft, which is on its way to study
00:06:22 --> 00:06:25 Jupiter's Trojan asteroids. Lucy was
00:06:25 --> 00:06:28 launched back in October 2021.
00:06:28 --> 00:06:30 It's on a 12-year mission to study the
00:06:30 --> 00:06:33 Trojans, two clusters of asteroids that
00:06:33 --> 00:06:34 share the gas giant's orbit around the
00:06:34 --> 00:06:37 sun. Trojans are families of asteroids
00:06:37 --> 00:06:39 kept in gravitationally stable bound
00:06:39 --> 00:06:42 groups at the lrangeian L4 and L5
00:06:42 --> 00:06:45 positions located 60° ahead and 60°
00:06:45 --> 00:06:49 behind Jupiter's orbit around the sun.
00:06:49 --> 00:06:51 Lrangeian points are named in honor of
00:06:51 --> 00:06:53 the Italian French mathematician Joseph
00:06:53 --> 00:06:55 Lewis Lrange who was working on the
00:06:55 --> 00:06:57 general free body problem in orbital
00:06:57 --> 00:07:00 mechanics. The grungian points are
00:07:00 --> 00:07:02 places in space where a gravitational
00:07:02 --> 00:07:04 pull of two bodies such as in this case
00:07:04 --> 00:07:06 between the sun and Jupiter tend to
00:07:06 --> 00:07:08 cancel each other out thereby allowing
00:07:08 --> 00:07:10 smaller objects such as asteroids or
00:07:10 --> 00:07:13 spacecraft to remain there for extended
00:07:13 --> 00:07:16 periods of time. There are five lrangian
00:07:16 --> 00:07:21 points known as L1 2 3 4 and 5. Now L1 2
00:07:21 --> 00:07:23 and 3 are all along a line connecting
00:07:23 --> 00:07:25 the two bodies. Let's say it's the Earth
00:07:25 --> 00:07:28 and the Sun. In that case, L1 is between
00:07:28 --> 00:07:30 the Earth and the Sun is often used by
00:07:30 --> 00:07:32 spacecraft needing an uninterrupted view
00:07:32 --> 00:07:34 of the sun, such as the Solar and
00:07:34 --> 00:07:36 Heliospheric Observatory satellite SOHO.
00:07:36 --> 00:07:38 The L2 position is on the opposite side
00:07:38 --> 00:07:41 of the Earth to the Sun. It's home to
00:07:41 --> 00:07:43 spacecraft like the web space telescope
00:07:43 --> 00:07:45 because it's ideal for astronomy as
00:07:45 --> 00:07:47 spacecraft are still close enough to
00:07:47 --> 00:07:48 communicate with the earth and can keep
00:07:48 --> 00:07:50 the sun, earth, and moon behind them,
00:07:50 --> 00:07:52 allowing them to gain solar power while
00:07:52 --> 00:07:54 still providing a clear dark view of
00:07:54 --> 00:07:58 deep space for their telescopes. The L3
00:07:58 --> 00:08:00 position is on the opposite side of the
00:08:00 --> 00:08:03 sun to where the Earth is. Because L3 is
00:08:03 --> 00:08:05 always hidden from the Earth by the Sun,
00:08:05 --> 00:08:07 it's become popular in science fiction
00:08:07 --> 00:08:09 as the location for any hypothetical
00:08:09 --> 00:08:12 second Earths. But it's the L4 and L5
00:08:12 --> 00:08:14 positions which provide stable orbits
00:08:14 --> 00:08:17 around 60° in front of and 60° behind
00:08:18 --> 00:08:20 Earth's orbit around the Sun. And it's
00:08:20 --> 00:08:22 at these locations where Trojan
00:08:22 --> 00:08:24 asteroids, such as those orbiting with
00:08:24 --> 00:08:26 Jupiter, are commonly found.
00:08:26 --> 00:08:29 Jupiter's Trojans are distributed into
00:08:29 --> 00:08:31 two elongated curved regions around
00:08:31 --> 00:08:33 these lrangian points with an average
00:08:33 --> 00:08:35 semic-ircular axis of around 5.2
00:08:36 --> 00:08:38 astronomical units. An astronomical unit
00:08:38 --> 00:08:40 is the average distance between the
00:08:40 --> 00:08:42 Earth and the Sun. 150 million
00:08:42 --> 00:08:45 kilometers or 8.3 light minutes. The
00:08:45 --> 00:08:48 first Jovian Trojan discovered 588
00:08:48 --> 00:08:51 Achilles was spotted in 1906 by German
00:08:51 --> 00:08:54 astronomer Max Wolf. So far, more than
00:08:54 --> 00:08:56 15 Jovian Trojans have been
00:08:56 --> 00:08:58 detected. Now, by convention, they're
00:08:58 --> 00:09:01 each named from Greek mythology after a
00:09:01 --> 00:09:03 figure of the Trojan Wars, hence the
00:09:03 --> 00:09:06 name Trojan. It later became convention
00:09:06 --> 00:09:08 to name Jupiter's L4 Trojan asteroids
00:09:08 --> 00:09:11 after Greek characters and the L5
00:09:11 --> 00:09:13 asteroids after Trojan characters.
00:09:13 --> 00:09:15 Astronomers estimate there are more than
00:09:15 --> 00:09:17 a million Jovian Trojans larger than a
00:09:17 --> 00:09:20 kilometer in size. Now that's about the
00:09:20 --> 00:09:22 same as the number of asteroids larger
00:09:22 --> 00:09:24 than a kilometer in the main asteroid
00:09:24 --> 00:09:27 belt between Mars and Jupiter. Many
00:09:27 --> 00:09:29 Jovian Trojans appear to be dark bodies
00:09:29 --> 00:09:32 with reddish featureless spectra. No
00:09:32 --> 00:09:34 firm evidence of the presence of water
00:09:34 --> 00:09:36 or any other specific compound on their
00:09:36 --> 00:09:39 surfaces has ever been obtained. But it
00:09:39 --> 00:09:40 is thought that they're coated in
00:09:40 --> 00:09:43 tholines organic polymers formed by the
00:09:43 --> 00:09:46 sun's radiation. The Jovian Trojans are
00:09:46 --> 00:09:47 thought to have been captured into their
00:09:47 --> 00:09:49 orbits during the early stages of the
00:09:49 --> 00:09:51 solar systems formation or at the most
00:09:51 --> 00:09:53 slightly later during the late heavy
00:09:53 --> 00:09:55 bombardment during the migration of the
00:09:55 --> 00:09:58 giant planets. Mind you, Jupiter isn't
00:09:58 --> 00:10:01 alone to have Trojan asteroids. They've
00:10:01 --> 00:10:02 been found orbiting many of the other
00:10:02 --> 00:10:04 planets in our solar system as well,
00:10:04 --> 00:10:06 including Mars, Neptune, Uranus, and
00:10:06 --> 00:10:09 even the Earth. No spacecraft has ever
00:10:09 --> 00:10:12 visited a Jovian Trojan. That's where
00:10:12 --> 00:10:14 the Lucy mission comes in. Lucy is
00:10:14 --> 00:10:16 covering some 6 and 12 billion
00:10:16 --> 00:10:18 kilometers, visiting a record-breaking
00:10:18 --> 00:10:20 seven asteroids, one in the main
00:10:20 --> 00:10:23 asteroid belt, and six Trojans. The
00:10:23 --> 00:10:24 mission's principal investigator, Harold
00:10:24 --> 00:10:26 Leverson, from the Southwest Research
00:10:26 --> 00:10:28 Institute in Boulder, Colorado, says
00:10:28 --> 00:10:30 Trojans are leftovers from the early
00:10:30 --> 00:10:32 days of our solar system. Effectively,
00:10:32 --> 00:10:35 they're fossils of planetary formation
00:10:35 --> 00:10:37 and therefore hold vital clues about
00:10:37 --> 00:10:39 deciphering the solar systems early
00:10:39 --> 00:10:42 history. He says, "Like Lucy, the human
00:10:42 --> 00:10:44 ancestor fossil after which it's named,
00:10:44 --> 00:10:46 the Lucy spacecraft will revolutionize
00:10:46 --> 00:10:48 science's understanding of the solar
00:10:48 --> 00:10:50 systems origins. The mission will
00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 provide an unparalleled glimpse of the
00:10:52 --> 00:10:54 formation of the solar system, helping
00:10:54 --> 00:10:56 astronomers better understand the source
00:10:56 --> 00:10:58 of volatiles and organics on terrestrial
00:10:58 --> 00:11:00 planets, as well as the evolution of the
00:11:00 --> 00:11:03 planetary system as a whole. This report
00:11:03 --> 00:11:07 from NASA TV. We are going to an amazing
00:11:07 --> 00:11:09 variety of objects with this mission.
00:11:09 --> 00:11:11 >> The Lucy mission is going to fly past
00:11:11 --> 00:11:14 seven asteroids in 12 years with one
00:11:14 --> 00:11:15 spacecraft.
00:11:15 --> 00:11:18 >> And it's really almost pure luck that
00:11:18 --> 00:11:21 allowed us to get as many rich targets
00:11:21 --> 00:11:23 as we are. Literally, the planets were
00:11:23 --> 00:11:26 aligning to allow us to do this mission.
00:11:26 --> 00:11:29 The Lucy mission is named after the Lucy
00:11:29 --> 00:11:32 fossil, the Australopythecus fossil that
00:11:32 --> 00:11:35 was discovered in the 1970s in Ethiopia.
00:11:35 --> 00:11:37 And just like the Lucy fossil
00:11:37 --> 00:11:38 transformed our understanding of
00:11:38 --> 00:11:41 homminid evolution, the Lucy mission
00:11:41 --> 00:11:43 will transform our understanding of
00:11:43 --> 00:11:45 solar system evolution. Trojan asteroids
00:11:45 --> 00:11:48 are an interesting population of small
00:11:48 --> 00:11:49 bodies that are left over from the
00:11:49 --> 00:11:53 formation of the planets and they lead
00:11:53 --> 00:11:55 or follow Jupiter in its orbit by
00:11:55 --> 00:11:59 roughly 60°. If you just look at the
00:11:59 --> 00:12:01 gravitational attraction of the sun and
00:12:01 --> 00:12:04 Jupiter and put something exactly 60° in
00:12:04 --> 00:12:06 front of Jupiter, it's stable forever.
00:12:06 --> 00:12:09 So as a result, these objects are really
00:12:09 --> 00:12:12 the leftovers of planet formation. The
00:12:12 --> 00:12:14 stuff that went into growing Jupiter and
00:12:14 --> 00:12:18 Saturn are now trapped in these
00:12:18 --> 00:12:19 locations.
00:12:19 --> 00:12:21 >> The very first asteroid we get to is a
00:12:21 --> 00:12:23 main belt asteroid named Donald
00:12:23 --> 00:12:25 Johansson. We named that asteroid in
00:12:25 --> 00:12:27 honor of the researcher who found the
00:12:28 --> 00:12:30 Lucy fossil. We're use that asteroid to
00:12:30 --> 00:12:33 do a rehearsal on our spacecraft to make
00:12:33 --> 00:12:34 sure everything is working properly so
00:12:34 --> 00:12:36 that when we get to the Trojan
00:12:36 --> 00:12:37 asteroids, we're ready to go.
00:12:38 --> 00:12:39 >> We're visiting both of the Trojan
00:12:39 --> 00:12:41 swarms. In the first orbit, we're going
00:12:41 --> 00:12:43 into the leading swarm and we're going
00:12:44 --> 00:12:46 to encounter four Trojan targets.
00:12:46 --> 00:12:50 >> Earbies, Palm, Lucas, and Orus. And from
00:12:50 --> 00:12:51 this, we're going to sample the
00:12:51 --> 00:12:54 diversity in sizes and colors and
00:12:54 --> 00:12:56 compositions. The first two flybys
00:12:56 --> 00:12:59 happened just about 30 days apart. So,
00:12:59 --> 00:13:01 it's going to be a pretty busy kickoff
00:13:01 --> 00:13:04 to the season of exploring the asteroids
00:13:04 --> 00:13:07 in the L4 swarm. And then we'll fly past
00:13:07 --> 00:13:10 Earth again and out to the L5 swarm.
00:13:10 --> 00:13:12 >> The final object we're visiting, which I
00:13:12 --> 00:13:15 must admit is my favorite, is a binary
00:13:15 --> 00:13:15 object.
00:13:15 --> 00:13:17 >> So, that's two Trojans that orbit a
00:13:17 --> 00:13:19 common center of mass. It's called
00:13:19 --> 00:13:21 Petroas and Menishius.
00:13:21 --> 00:13:23 >> These objects are nearly identical in
00:13:23 --> 00:13:26 size that orbit one another. From the
00:13:26 --> 00:13:28 Lucy mission, we're going to study the
00:13:28 --> 00:13:30 diversity of our targets because that
00:13:30 --> 00:13:32 tells us something about their origin
00:13:32 --> 00:13:33 and where they came from.
00:13:33 --> 00:13:35 >> The interesting thing about small bodies
00:13:35 --> 00:13:38 in general is they are the leftovers of
00:13:38 --> 00:13:40 planet formation. If you look at the
00:13:40 --> 00:13:41 eight planets that we know about, for
00:13:41 --> 00:13:43 example, they are highly processed
00:13:43 --> 00:13:45 because of internal processing. These
00:13:45 --> 00:13:48 asteroids are objects that really
00:13:48 --> 00:13:51 haven't changed much from when the
00:13:51 --> 00:13:53 planets assembled themselves. And as a
00:13:53 --> 00:13:56 result, by studying them, we can figure
00:13:56 --> 00:13:59 out the physical conditions of the early
00:13:59 --> 00:14:02 solar system, as well as how the planets
00:14:02 --> 00:14:06 grew and how they moved around early on.
00:14:06 --> 00:14:08 >> All of that will help us form a detailed
00:14:08 --> 00:14:10 picture of what these objects really
00:14:10 --> 00:14:13 look like. Because right now, our best
00:14:13 --> 00:14:16 images are just a point of light. Even
00:14:16 --> 00:14:19 using the Hubble Space Telescope or
00:14:19 --> 00:14:21 adaptive optics on large groundbased
00:14:21 --> 00:14:24 telescopes, we can't see surface
00:14:24 --> 00:14:26 details. And it's going to take the Lucy
00:14:26 --> 00:14:28 mission to go to these targets and see
00:14:28 --> 00:14:30 what they're really made of and what
00:14:30 --> 00:14:38 they look like.
00:14:38 --> 00:14:40 And in that report from Massa TV, we
00:14:40 --> 00:14:42 heard from Lucy principal investigator
00:14:42 --> 00:14:44 Hal Leverson and Lucy deputy principal
00:14:44 --> 00:14:47 investigator Kathy Olen, both from the
00:14:47 --> 00:14:49 Southwest Research Institute in Boulder,
00:14:49 --> 00:14:53 Colorado. This is Spaceime. Still to
00:14:53 --> 00:14:55 come, NASA says Boeing's trouble plague
00:14:55 --> 00:14:57 Starlininer spacecraft won't be carrying
00:14:57 --> 00:14:59 any astronauts on its next flight to the
00:14:59 --> 00:15:01 International Space Station. And later
00:15:01 --> 00:15:03 in the science report, neurologists have
00:15:03 --> 00:15:05 identified the five major epochs of
00:15:06 --> 00:15:07 brain structure over the course of a
00:15:08 --> 00:15:10 human lifetime. All that and more still
00:15:10 --> 00:15:27 to come on Spaceime.
00:15:27 --> 00:15:29 NASA says Boeing's trouble plagued
00:15:29 --> 00:15:31 Starlininer spacecraft won't be carrying
00:15:31 --> 00:15:33 any astronauts on its next flight to the
00:15:34 --> 00:15:36 International Space Station. Instead,
00:15:36 --> 00:15:38 the mission will be limited to cargo and
00:15:38 --> 00:15:41 supplies only. The decision comes 8
00:15:41 --> 00:15:43 months after the first and only man
00:15:43 --> 00:15:45 starliner flight saw the capsule
00:15:45 --> 00:15:47 returned to Earth empty with its crew
00:15:47 --> 00:15:49 left stranded on the International Space
00:15:49 --> 00:15:51 Station for more than 9 months. That
00:15:51 --> 00:15:53 followed a series of issues with the
00:15:53 --> 00:15:54 vehicle's propulsion and orbital
00:15:54 --> 00:15:56 maneuvering systems, as well as its
00:15:56 --> 00:15:58 helium pressurization system. And it's
00:15:58 --> 00:16:01 not the first time Starliner suffered
00:16:01 --> 00:16:04 issues. Faulty computer programming
00:16:04 --> 00:16:05 prevented the first Starlininer mission
00:16:05 --> 00:16:07 to the space station from even reaching
00:16:07 --> 00:16:09 its target. And more faulty computer
00:16:09 --> 00:16:11 programming, which luckily was corrected
00:16:11 --> 00:16:13 in time, would have caused the Star
00:16:13 --> 00:16:15 Liner to be destroyed during its
00:16:15 --> 00:16:17 re-entry. There have been other problems
00:16:17 --> 00:16:18 with corrosion in the spacecraft's
00:16:18 --> 00:16:21 propulsion system as well. Issues with
00:16:21 --> 00:16:22 the strength of the parachute webbing,
00:16:22 --> 00:16:24 the concerns over the safety of
00:16:24 --> 00:16:26 insulation on the spacecraft's wiring
00:16:26 --> 00:16:29 harness, and problems with environmental
00:16:29 --> 00:16:31 controls inside the spacecraft's cabin.
00:16:32 --> 00:16:34 For Starlininer, it's been a case of one
00:16:34 --> 00:16:36 problem after another, and it seems
00:16:36 --> 00:16:39 NASA's had enough. As well as limiting
00:16:39 --> 00:16:41 its next flight to cargo only, NASA's
00:16:41 --> 00:16:42 also slashed the total number of
00:16:42 --> 00:16:45 Starlininer missions down from six to
00:16:45 --> 00:16:47 four. As for Starlininer's next flight,
00:16:47 --> 00:16:49 that's the cargo mission, it's currently
00:16:49 --> 00:16:51 slated for April next year. If that goes
00:16:51 --> 00:16:53 well, then a man mission could happen
00:16:53 --> 00:16:55 towards the end of the year. The
00:16:55 --> 00:16:57 remaining two flights will also carry
00:16:57 --> 00:16:59 crew to the International Space Station
00:16:59 --> 00:17:00 until the orbiting outpost is
00:17:00 --> 00:17:03 decommissioned in 2030.
00:17:03 --> 00:17:05 Starlininer was one of two spacecraft
00:17:05 --> 00:17:08 selected by NASA back in 2014 as part of
00:17:08 --> 00:17:10 the AY's commercial crew program to
00:17:10 --> 00:17:12 transport astronauts to and from the
00:17:12 --> 00:17:15 space station. But unlike the other
00:17:15 --> 00:17:17 successful applicant, SpaceX's Dragon
00:17:17 --> 00:17:18 spacecraft, which has performed
00:17:18 --> 00:17:21 flawlessly, Boeing Starlininer has
00:17:21 --> 00:17:22 suffered from continuous failures and
00:17:22 --> 00:17:25 quality control blunders. It's been a
00:17:25 --> 00:17:28 costly disaster for Boeing. SpaceX
00:17:28 --> 00:17:30 launched its first man Dragon mission to
00:17:30 --> 00:17:33 the space station for NASA in 2020. It's
00:17:33 --> 00:17:36 now completed 12 crew change missions as
00:17:36 --> 00:17:38 well as several private missions into
00:17:38 --> 00:17:56 orbit. This is spacetime.
00:17:56 --> 00:17:57 And time now to take another brief look
00:17:57 --> 00:17:59 at some of the other stories making news
00:17:59 --> 00:18:01 in science this week with a science
00:18:01 --> 00:18:04 report. Neuroscientists have identified
00:18:04 --> 00:18:06 five major epochs of brain structure
00:18:06 --> 00:18:09 over the course of a human lifetime. The
00:18:09 --> 00:18:11 findings reported in the journal Nature
00:18:11 --> 00:18:13 Communications show how human brains
00:18:13 --> 00:18:15 rewire themselves to support different
00:18:16 --> 00:18:19 ways of thinking as people grow, mature,
00:18:19 --> 00:18:22 and ultimately decline. The study led by
00:18:22 --> 00:18:24 Cambridge University compared the brains
00:18:24 --> 00:18:27 of 3,82 people between 0 and 90 years of
00:18:27 --> 00:18:30 age using MRI scans which map neural
00:18:30 --> 00:18:32 connections by tracking how water
00:18:32 --> 00:18:34 molecules move through brain tissue.
00:18:34 --> 00:18:36 They found the brain structure for an
00:18:36 --> 00:18:38 average human life is split up into four
00:18:38 --> 00:18:40 pivotal turning points between birth and
00:18:40 --> 00:18:43 death. It seems childhood brain topology
00:18:43 --> 00:18:46 runs from birth until a turning point at
00:18:46 --> 00:18:48 around age nine. That's when it
00:18:48 --> 00:18:50 transitions to an adolescent phase.
00:18:50 --> 00:18:52 That's an error that lasts up until the
00:18:52 --> 00:18:55 age of around 32 on average. The brain's
00:18:55 --> 00:18:57 neural wiring then shifts into a more
00:18:57 --> 00:18:59 adult mode. This is the longest era
00:18:59 --> 00:19:02 which can last over three decades. A
00:19:02 --> 00:19:04 third turning point around the age of 66
00:19:04 --> 00:19:07 marks the start of an early aging phase
00:19:07 --> 00:19:09 of brain architecture. And finally, the
00:19:09 --> 00:19:12 late aging brain takes shape around the
00:19:12 --> 00:19:14 age of 83 years old.
00:19:14 --> 00:19:17 So what's going on inside the noggin?
00:19:17 --> 00:19:19 Well, during the early childhood phase,
00:19:19 --> 00:19:21 the brain underos network consolidation
00:19:21 --> 00:19:23 as a wealth of synapses, that's the
00:19:23 --> 00:19:24 connections between neurons over
00:19:24 --> 00:19:26 produced in a baby's brain are
00:19:26 --> 00:19:28 whittleled down with only the more
00:19:28 --> 00:19:30 active ones surviving. Across the whole
00:19:30 --> 00:19:32 human brain, connections rewire in the
00:19:32 --> 00:19:34 same pattern from birth until about 9
00:19:34 --> 00:19:37 years of age. Meanwhile, gray and white
00:19:37 --> 00:19:39 matter grow rapidly in volume. So that
00:19:40 --> 00:19:41 cortical thickness that's the distance
00:19:41 --> 00:19:43 between the outer gray matter and the
00:19:43 --> 00:19:45 inner white matter reaches a peak and
00:19:45 --> 00:19:46 cortical folding that's the
00:19:46 --> 00:19:48 characteristic ridges on the outer brain
00:19:48 --> 00:19:51 stabilizes by the first turning point at
00:19:51 --> 00:19:53 around the age of nine the brain is
00:19:53 --> 00:19:55 experiencing a step change in cognitive
00:19:55 --> 00:19:58 capacity as well as an increased risk of
00:19:58 --> 00:20:00 mental health disorders. The second
00:20:00 --> 00:20:02 epoch of the brain that's the adolescent
00:20:02 --> 00:20:04 era sees white matter continue to grow
00:20:04 --> 00:20:06 in volume. So organization of the
00:20:06 --> 00:20:08 brain's communications network is
00:20:08 --> 00:20:11 increasingly refined as measured by the
00:20:11 --> 00:20:13 diffusion of water in the scans. This
00:20:13 --> 00:20:15 era is defined by the efficiency of
00:20:15 --> 00:20:17 connections both within specific regions
00:20:17 --> 00:20:19 as well as rapid communication right
00:20:19 --> 00:20:21 across the whole brain which is related
00:20:21 --> 00:20:23 to enhanced cognitive performance.
00:20:23 --> 00:20:26 Neural efficiency is well connected by
00:20:26 --> 00:20:28 short pathways and the adolescent era is
00:20:28 --> 00:20:30 the only one in which this efficiencies
00:20:30 --> 00:20:32 increasing. The authors say these
00:20:32 --> 00:20:34 developments of the brain peak in the
00:20:34 --> 00:20:36 early 30s which is the strongest
00:20:36 --> 00:20:38 topological turning point for the entire
00:20:38 --> 00:20:41 lifespan. At age 32, the longest era
00:20:41 --> 00:20:43 that of adulthood begins. Brain
00:20:44 --> 00:20:45 architecture stabilizes compared to
00:20:46 --> 00:20:47 previous phases with no major turning
00:20:47 --> 00:20:50 points for 30 years and corresponds with
00:20:50 --> 00:20:51 a plateau in intelligence and
00:20:51 --> 00:20:54 personality. They also found segregation
00:20:54 --> 00:20:56 is more noticeable during this epoch as
00:20:56 --> 00:20:58 different regions of the brain slowly
00:20:58 --> 00:21:00 start to become more compartmentalized.
00:21:00 --> 00:21:04 The turning point at age 66 sees reduced
00:21:04 --> 00:21:06 connectivity as white matter starts to
00:21:06 --> 00:21:08 degenerate. The last turning point comes
00:21:08 --> 00:21:11 around the age of 83 when the brain
00:21:11 --> 00:21:13 structure shifts from global to local
00:21:13 --> 00:21:17 regions as neural connectivity declines.
00:21:17 --> 00:21:19 A long-term study has shown that water
00:21:19 --> 00:21:21 fluidation doesn't have any negative
00:21:21 --> 00:21:23 effects on brain development. In fact,
00:21:23 --> 00:21:25 the findings reported in the journal
00:21:25 --> 00:21:27 Science Advances actually found a slight
00:21:27 --> 00:21:30 boost in cognition in children. Previous
00:21:30 --> 00:21:32 studies looked at exposure to very high
00:21:32 --> 00:21:33 levels of fluoride far beyond
00:21:33 --> 00:21:35 recommended standards. So, the authors
00:21:35 --> 00:21:37 of this new research wanted to study
00:21:37 --> 00:21:39 levels representative of what one would
00:21:39 --> 00:21:42 usually find in their tap water. They
00:21:42 --> 00:21:43 looked at language and math test results
00:21:43 --> 00:21:46 from around 58 United States high
00:21:46 --> 00:21:48 school kids in 1980 and the water
00:21:48 --> 00:21:50 fluidation levels they would have
00:21:50 --> 00:21:52 experienced since conception. After
00:21:52 --> 00:21:54 accounting for other factors, they found
00:21:54 --> 00:21:56 kids continuously exposed to at least
00:21:56 --> 00:21:59 0.7 mg per liter of water fluoride had
00:21:59 --> 00:22:01 better test results, followed by those
00:22:01 --> 00:22:03 exposed to similar levels for just part
00:22:03 --> 00:22:05 of their childhood.
00:22:05 --> 00:22:07 China's People Liberation Army has
00:22:07 --> 00:22:09 reported the successful test of a new
00:22:09 --> 00:22:12 type of non-uclear hydrogen bomb. A
00:22:12 --> 00:22:14 report in the Chinese Language Journal
00:22:14 --> 00:22:16 of Projectiles, Rockets, Missiles, and
00:22:16 --> 00:22:18 Guidance claims the new weapon generates
00:22:18 --> 00:22:21 a white hot fireball that can last 15
00:22:21 --> 00:22:24 times longer than a TNT blast. The 2 kg
00:22:24 --> 00:22:27 device uses magnesium hydide, a
00:22:27 --> 00:22:29 magnesium based solid state hydrogen
00:22:29 --> 00:22:31 material, which generated a fireball of
00:22:31 --> 00:22:35 over a° C. This material stores
00:22:35 --> 00:22:36 considerably more hydrogen than a
00:22:36 --> 00:22:38 pressurized tank and was originally
00:22:38 --> 00:22:40 developed to bring the gas to off-grid
00:22:40 --> 00:22:41 areas where it could then be used to
00:22:41 --> 00:22:43 power fuel cells for clean electricity
00:22:43 --> 00:22:46 and heat. When activated by conventional
00:22:46 --> 00:22:48 explosives, the magnesium hydide bomb
00:22:48 --> 00:22:51 underwent rapid thermal decomposition,
00:22:51 --> 00:22:53 releasing hydrogen gas that ignited into
00:22:53 --> 00:22:56 a sustained, rapidly spreading inferno.
00:22:56 --> 00:22:58 The chain reaction begins when
00:22:58 --> 00:23:00 detonation shock waves fracture
00:23:00 --> 00:23:02 magnesium hydide into micron scale
00:23:02 --> 00:23:05 particles exposing fresh surfaces. Under
00:23:05 --> 00:23:07 constrained detonation, peak over
00:23:07 --> 00:23:10 pressure reached 428.43 kilopascals at 2
00:23:10 --> 00:23:14 m, about 40% that of TNT's blast force,
00:23:14 --> 00:23:16 but with a far greater heat projection
00:23:16 --> 00:23:18 range.
00:23:18 --> 00:23:20 Well, the doomsday countdown to digital
00:23:20 --> 00:23:24 ID is now on. This time next week,
00:23:24 --> 00:23:25 Australia's controversial new social
00:23:26 --> 00:23:27 media bans for children under the age of
00:23:28 --> 00:23:30 16 will come into effect. The world
00:23:30 --> 00:23:32 first legislation is being marketed as a
00:23:32 --> 00:23:35 way to protect kids from bullying. But
00:23:35 --> 00:23:37 it doesn't stop kids using left-wing
00:23:37 --> 00:23:40 social media platforms like Blue Sky or
00:23:40 --> 00:23:41 for that matter chat rooms in many of
00:23:41 --> 00:23:45 the most popular computer games.
00:23:45 --> 00:23:47 In reality, it's a thinly disguised
00:23:47 --> 00:23:49 Trojan horse designed to force all
00:23:49 --> 00:23:52 Australian adults to adopt a digital ID,
00:23:52 --> 00:23:53 as if they want to retain access to
00:23:54 --> 00:23:56 their own social media accounts. It's a
00:23:56 --> 00:23:58 way around the public's objection to the
00:23:58 --> 00:24:00 defeated Australia card ID scheme of the
00:24:00 --> 00:24:03 1980s, which was overwhelmingly rejected
00:24:03 --> 00:24:06 by the people. So, why the
00:24:06 --> 00:24:09 fear-mongering? Well, digital ID will
00:24:09 --> 00:24:11 allow faceless bureaucrats, security
00:24:11 --> 00:24:13 organizations, and politicians to
00:24:13 --> 00:24:15 develop a big brother style digital link
00:24:15 --> 00:24:17 connecting everything, monitoring
00:24:17 --> 00:24:19 everything you do, where you go, what
00:24:19 --> 00:24:22 you look at, and even what you say. In
00:24:22 --> 00:24:23 the process, providing fact-based
00:24:24 --> 00:24:26 insights into what you're thinking. Then
00:24:26 --> 00:24:28 there's the issue of security and how
00:24:28 --> 00:24:30 easily your digital ID and all it
00:24:30 --> 00:24:33 contains about you can be hacked. Your
00:24:33 --> 00:24:35 digital ID will be the Australian answer
00:24:35 --> 00:24:38 to Beijing's social credit scheme, where
00:24:38 --> 00:24:40 those not considered worthy by China's
00:24:40 --> 00:24:42 Communist Party face restrictions in
00:24:42 --> 00:24:44 where they can live, where they can go,
00:24:44 --> 00:24:46 what they have access to, how they can
00:24:46 --> 00:24:48 travel, and where their children can go
00:24:48 --> 00:24:50 to school. Australians saw the first
00:24:50 --> 00:24:52 hints of what's to come during the COVID
00:24:52 --> 00:24:54 pandemic when voluntary digital ID
00:24:54 --> 00:24:56 schemes were repeatedly used by police
00:24:56 --> 00:24:59 to track people's movements. Technology
00:24:59 --> 00:25:01 editor Alex Haravo from techadvice.life
00:25:01 --> 00:25:04 life says in simple terms this new
00:25:04 --> 00:25:06 digital ID scheme will be a key step in
00:25:06 --> 00:25:09 the erosion of people's rights. It's
00:25:09 --> 00:25:12 only one small slice but step by step
00:25:12 --> 00:25:15 those rights will disappear and it all
00:25:15 --> 00:25:16 starts next week.
00:25:16 --> 00:25:18 >> Look there seems to be this concerted
00:25:18 --> 00:25:20 effort globally to want to set up
00:25:20 --> 00:25:22 digital ID and this clearly is something
00:25:22 --> 00:25:24 that will remove anonymity from the
00:25:24 --> 00:25:25 internet. everything you do will be
00:25:25 --> 00:25:27 tracked and it's all being done under
00:25:27 --> 00:25:29 the guise of won't somebody protect the
00:25:29 --> 00:25:31 children and you know Roblox for example
00:25:31 --> 00:25:32 has algorithms you got to take a photo
00:25:32 --> 00:25:34 of your face and they're looking at the
00:25:34 --> 00:25:35 various things you've been doing in the
00:25:35 --> 00:25:37 system but ultimately we're relying upon
00:25:37 --> 00:25:39 algorithms to figure these things out
00:25:39 --> 00:25:41 and the only real way of doing it is to
00:25:41 --> 00:25:43 get some sort of an ID from a parent
00:25:43 --> 00:25:45 from you know a passport something to
00:25:45 --> 00:25:47 prove that you are of a certain age but
00:25:47 --> 00:25:50 again this is going to remove anonymity
00:25:50 --> 00:25:52 from the internet and everything that
00:25:52 --> 00:25:53 you will do will be tracked and so there
00:25:53 --> 00:25:56 is a movement now to not comply with
00:25:56 --> 00:25:58 digital ID. But this is happening
00:25:58 --> 00:26:00 globally around the world. Governments
00:26:00 --> 00:26:02 are all coming together to put these
00:26:02 --> 00:26:03 social media bans in place. Malaysia is
00:26:04 --> 00:26:06 doing it. The UK wants digital ID. And
00:26:06 --> 00:26:07 uh I don't know if VPNs are going to be
00:26:07 --> 00:26:09 enough. There needs to be a push back
00:26:09 --> 00:26:11 from the public to say no. And even in
00:26:11 --> 00:26:12 Australia, we have a couple of young
00:26:12 --> 00:26:14 kids who are taking the government to
00:26:14 --> 00:26:16 the high court to have the digital ID
00:26:16 --> 00:26:17 system blocked. So this seems to be a
00:26:18 --> 00:26:20 watershed moment in um the modern
00:26:20 --> 00:26:23 civilization. Is this really part of a
00:26:23 --> 00:26:26 surreptitious effort by governments to
00:26:26 --> 00:26:28 just gain control over everything you
00:26:28 --> 00:26:29 have access to, all the information you
00:26:30 --> 00:26:30 get?
00:26:30 --> 00:26:32 >> Well, it look it certainly seems that
00:26:32 --> 00:26:33 way. I mean, everything that the
00:26:33 --> 00:26:34 governments have been trying to do, even
00:26:34 --> 00:26:37 in Australia, we had conservative and
00:26:37 --> 00:26:39 socialist governments and they tried all
00:26:39 --> 00:26:40 sorts of firewalls and they tried
00:26:40 --> 00:26:42 various things to to try and control
00:26:42 --> 00:26:43 people.
00:26:43 --> 00:26:45 >> Yeah, we had the attempt of an Australia
00:26:45 --> 00:26:48 card years ago and uh the citizenry
00:26:48 --> 00:26:50 resoundly said no to that. But it
00:26:50 --> 00:26:52 doesn't stop the bureaucrats or or the
00:26:52 --> 00:26:53 politicians from wanting to implement
00:26:53 --> 00:26:55 that. We had a situation where we had
00:26:56 --> 00:26:58 special ID for co that simply gave the
00:26:58 --> 00:27:00 police a chance to to track everyone's
00:27:00 --> 00:27:01 movements.
00:27:01 --> 00:27:03 >> Yeah. Yeah. Papers, please. As we saw in
00:27:03 --> 00:27:05 Nazi Germany. Look, the problem is that
00:27:06 --> 00:27:08 the unelected deep state globally wants
00:27:08 --> 00:27:10 control. They want to stay in power.
00:27:10 --> 00:27:11 They want to do the things they have
00:27:11 --> 00:27:13 been accused of doing um and maintain
00:27:13 --> 00:27:15 power and debase the currency and do all
00:27:15 --> 00:27:17 these things that some claim are
00:27:17 --> 00:27:19 conspiracies. But it's clear that if you
00:27:19 --> 00:27:21 can maintain your position of power and
00:27:21 --> 00:27:22 you can worm your way through the
00:27:22 --> 00:27:23 system, why wouldn't you do it? And
00:27:23 --> 00:27:25 we've seen that time and again
00:27:25 --> 00:27:27 throughout history and in the 21st
00:27:27 --> 00:27:28 century with all of the digital
00:27:28 --> 00:27:30 technologies now at the disposal of big
00:27:30 --> 00:27:32 tech, but also government. Well, we're
00:27:32 --> 00:27:33 seeing them work together and trying to
00:27:33 --> 00:27:35 hold people down. I mean, thank goodness
00:27:35 --> 00:27:37 for the United States and their first
00:27:37 --> 00:27:39 amendment. The deep space is fighting
00:27:39 --> 00:27:42 back and uh it's up to us as citizens,
00:27:42 --> 00:27:44 global citizens to say no, we don't want
00:27:44 --> 00:27:48 unelected people to usurp our privacy.
00:27:48 --> 00:27:50 >> We're sort of seeing human rights
00:27:50 --> 00:27:52 disappear one by one. And it's not that
00:27:52 --> 00:27:53 they're being taken from us. The
00:27:54 --> 00:27:56 citizenry are gladly giving them up, it
00:27:56 --> 00:27:57 seems, for an easier life.
00:27:57 --> 00:27:59 >> Benjamin Franklin said that if you give
00:27:59 --> 00:28:01 up a little liberty for a little
00:28:01 --> 00:28:03 security, then you deserve neither. And
00:28:03 --> 00:28:06 this is where people abdicating their
00:28:06 --> 00:28:09 responsibilities as human beings to big
00:28:09 --> 00:28:11 brother is the fast track to dystopia. I
00:28:11 --> 00:28:12 mean that's why we had Animal Farm.
00:28:12 --> 00:28:14 That's why we had 1984 from George
00:28:14 --> 00:28:16 Orwell. That's why we've had so many
00:28:16 --> 00:28:18 movies and TV shows about dystopia
00:28:18 --> 00:28:20 because people are worried. I mean these
00:28:20 --> 00:28:22 are warnings to ourselves to not let
00:28:22 --> 00:28:23 this sort of thing happen to us. We live
00:28:24 --> 00:28:26 at a time where as Ronald Reagan said,
00:28:26 --> 00:28:28 freedom and liberty is not passed down
00:28:28 --> 00:28:30 through the bloodline but must be fought
00:28:30 --> 00:28:32 for and protected by every generation.
00:28:32 --> 00:28:34 And uh we stand at the point at which
00:28:34 --> 00:28:36 the future generations of this planet
00:28:36 --> 00:28:38 could be living under dystopia. Let's
00:28:38 --> 00:28:39 hope that that doesn't happen.
00:28:39 --> 00:28:40 >> That's Alex Aharavoy from
00:28:40 --> 00:28:42 techadvice.life.
00:28:42 --> 00:28:44 And just in case you think advanced
00:28:44 --> 00:28:46 algorithms will circumvent all the
00:28:46 --> 00:28:48 problems of digital IDs, think again.
00:28:48 --> 00:28:50 Remember these are the same
00:28:50 --> 00:28:52 sophisticated algorithms which keep
00:28:52 --> 00:28:54 flagging up space-time posts displaying
00:28:54 --> 00:28:56 astronomical images of exoplanets as
00:28:56 --> 00:28:59 possible pornography. I mean, granted it
00:28:59 --> 00:29:01 is space porn, but that's not what the
00:29:01 --> 00:29:03 algorithms are thinking. This is
00:29:03 --> 00:29:19 spacetime.
00:29:20 --> 00:29:22 And that's the show for now. Spacetime
00:29:22 --> 00:29:24 is available every Monday, Wednesday,
00:29:24 --> 00:29:26 and Friday through bites.com,
00:29:26 --> 00:29:29 SoundCloud, YouTube, your favorite
00:29:29 --> 00:29:31 podcast download provider, and from
00:29:31 --> 00:29:34 spacetime withstartgary.com.
00:29:34 --> 00:29:36 Spacetime's also broadcast through the
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00:29:38 --> 00:29:40 Zone Radio and on both iHeart Radio and
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00:29:43 --> 00:29:44 support our show by visiting the
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00:29:49 --> 00:29:51 becoming a Spacetime patron, which gives
00:29:51 --> 00:29:53 you access to triple episode commercial
00:29:53 --> 00:29:55 free versions of the show, as well as
00:29:55 --> 00:29:57 lots of bonus audio content, which
00:29:57 --> 00:29:58 doesn't go to air, access to our
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00:30:00 --> 00:30:02 rewards. Just go to
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00:30:04 --> 00:30:06 for full details.
00:30:06 --> 00:30:08 >> You've been listening to Spacetime with
00:30:08 --> 00:30:10 Stewartgary. This has been another
00:30:10 --> 00:30:12 quality podcast production from
00:30:12 --> 00:30:15 byes.com.