Time Travel & Cosmic Questions: The Science Behind Our Universe | Space Nuts: Astronomy Insights...

[00:00:00] [SPEAKER_03] Hello yet again. This is Space News Today, a Q&A edition. My name is Andrew Dunkley. Thanks for joining us and hope you're well wherever you are. Could be Yemen, could be the United States, the UK, Australia, New Zealand, India, Sweden. I've probably missed a couple. One person in each country listens to us. So that's yay our entire audience.

[00:00:21] [SPEAKER_03] On today's episode, Andy, the train driver in the UK, has got back to us. He's asking a question about time travel. We've also got another UK question about orbiting telescopes, a question aimed at one of the things that most people on Earth love and that is gold, the metal. And we are getting a what if question from Ryan about the sun straying through a star forming nebula. What might happen?

[00:00:49] [SPEAKER_03] We will tell you what might happen or what might not happen. We might not answer any questions at all on this episode of Space News Today.

[00:00:58] [SPEAKER_05] 15 seconds. Guidance is internal. 10, 9. Ignition sequence start. Space Nuts. 5, 4, 3, 2. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1. Space Nuts. Astronauts report it feels good.

[00:01:14] [SPEAKER_03] And to help us figure all of that out is Professor Fred Watson, astronomer at large. Hello, Fred.

[00:01:24] [SPEAKER_04] I've been described as an astronomist as well.

[00:01:27] [SPEAKER_03] Astronomist. I sounded like a Muppet then. Yes. Never mind. How are you, Fred?

[00:01:35] [SPEAKER_04] OK, thank you. Yes. Still recovering from my knee surgery. These things take time, but it's going in the right direction, which is great. Indeed. Let's tackle some questions, shall we?

[00:01:48] [SPEAKER_02] OK. All right. Here we go. Our first one comes from Andy. Hi, Andrew and Fred. This is Andy, the train driver from London. I hope you're both doing well. I hope you also received the video I sent you. Just a short one, but interesting. Just a quick question about time travel and relativistic speeds.

[00:02:11] [SPEAKER_02] If I was to travel away from the Earth for 100 years at 99.9% of the speed of light and then turn around and came back at the same speed, I would age differently to someone that was being left behind. Would that be classed as time travel? And obviously we haven't got the capability of moving that fast yet, but if we did, could we use that to travel through time? Thanks, guys. I love the podcast and see you on the next one.

[00:02:40] [SPEAKER_03] Thanks, Andy. Great to hear from you. Yeah, we both got Andy's video and I think we both emailed him back about it. But he took us for a little walk up the railway tracks and showed us the train he was driving that day and what it was capable of. And it was really fascinating. So, yeah, thanks for that, Andy. It's nice to see how other people work and live and train driving a different world to me. I've done it once.

[00:03:10] [SPEAKER_03] That was on an old diesel locomotive that we went out on one Sunday. It was a vintage unit and I got to spend the return trip up the front because I was doing coverage for the ABC at the time. And so I got to do the story, honk the horn, because in New South Wales, nanny state, we call it, they have to blast the horn at every level crossing.

[00:03:39] [SPEAKER_03] And you don't know how many there are until you have to actually blow the horn every time. It's a safety protocol. Thanks, Andy. Time travel, Fred. I love time travel stories or questions.

[00:03:53] [SPEAKER_04] Yeah, this is the only way that we can travel through time. Yeah. What Andy has suggested. I used to have a recipe, which I think it meant physically, you go 100, 500 light years to a star, you need to travel at 99 point, I think it's 9997% of the speed of light, for which we don't have the technology yet.

[00:04:18] [SPEAKER_04] But if you did, and then came back, you would have aged 10 years while the planet has aged 1000 years, because you've done two 500-year stints at nearly the speed of light. So it is a way of traveling forward through time, as long as you can put up with being pushed in a spacecraft that's going to go at that sort of rate. Yeah.

[00:04:47] [SPEAKER_04] And that's courtesy of special relativity, which is for objects that travel near the speed of light. General relativity has time dilation as well, for objects that are near intense gravitational fields. And I think we saw the science fiction version of that in Interstellar. Yes, we did. Which certainly had its weaknesses in terms of the scientific arguments.

[00:05:15] [SPEAKER_04] But relativistic time travel by speed does work. It's theoretically possible for you to do that. So you're traveling forward in time. What you can't do under really any circumstances is go backwards in time. There have been people who've looked at the prospect from the point of view of sort of gravitational loops in space time. But if you want to go back in time, you've sort of got to set things up first.

[00:05:42] [SPEAKER_04] So that the point you go back to, you've got to do something, whether it's build a gravitational detector or something, you have to do something there. And that isn't really backward time travel, because you've got to start with the time that you want to travel back to, if I can put it that way.

[00:05:59] [SPEAKER_03] Yeah. And the other problem is you've got to work out where the earth probably would have been at the particular point where you want to go. Otherwise, you'll end up in, you know, you'll be in a piece of space that hasn't got a planet. Yeah, there's all sorts of things you need to consider.

[00:06:23] [SPEAKER_03] I did, I thought I came across an article recently that suggested they, they now think backward time travel may be plausible, but I can't remember where I read it. It might've just been one of those speculative articles. And it was quite a while back that I, that I read it. No, I didn't see it in the news at any sort of significant level, but yeah. Yeah.

[00:06:48] [SPEAKER_03] Um, but yeah, it is possible, not possible, but it is certainly scientifically plausible to go forward in time. Uh, but you're not really going forward in time because your time still remains the same. According to our clock. It's just that because of the speed you're traveling, you are not aging as fast as other people.

[00:07:12] [SPEAKER_04] Correct. You might, uh, the, the, the, what you might call the outside observer. You, you, you, you're still aging at the normal rate. Yeah. But, uh, but you're not. Yeah. You've just wasted a decade proving a theory. More or less. Although to go forward a thousand years in time might be quite interesting.

[00:07:32] [SPEAKER_03] I suppose so. If you, um, if, yeah, and if they ever achieve warp technology, um, you could go, uh, you could go a hell of a long way forward in time, couldn't you? Yeah.

[00:07:47] [SPEAKER_04] Well, um, yeah, if you could, if you could warp space so that you can, you know, drop through a wormhole or something like that, that's a different story. That's.

[00:07:59] [SPEAKER_03] Well, that, that removes the time paradox, doesn't it?

[00:08:02] [SPEAKER_04] Yeah. Basically you, you can take shortcuts through space time.

[00:08:06] [SPEAKER_03] That's it. That's right. Yes. Correct. Um, I think we had a similar question last week and, uh, in regard to the, um, uh, the movie Hail Mary project, uh, asking how could the, uh, scientists do 11 light years in, um, you know, whatever speed he was doing and, uh, how long would it take him? Uh, how much younger would he be when he came back? That sort of thing. Uh, yeah. And it comes down to that time dilation issue, doesn't it? Exactly. That's right.

[00:08:36] [SPEAKER_03] Mm. All right. Have we answered Andy's question because it's very confusing?

[00:08:41] [SPEAKER_04] The answer is yes. Yes. It is. There it is. Yes. Andy? Whack your train up to 99.999% of the speed of light and see what happens to your passengers. Yeah. Especially when you stop fast.

[00:08:55] [SPEAKER_03] Yeah. The cabin would get crowded. Um, thanks Andy. Nice to hear from you. Now we've got a, another question, Fred, uh, which I have to ask. Right in front of me here. Hello, Professor Fred and Andrew. Thank you for answering my past questions. It's always nice to get answers, uh, to my incoherent questions. Uh, this time my question is about orbiting telescopes like Hubble, uh, not sky survey telescopes.

[00:09:23] [SPEAKER_03] Uh, are observations planned to minimize the time that the earth is between the telescope and the target? Uh, are multiple targets recorded concurrently as the telescope whizzes around earth? Is satellite orbit paradox, uh, parallax a problem, an advantage or, um, unusually irrelevant because space is really, really big. Yeah. It's so big. Yeah. Anyway. Uh, and I'm sorry.

[00:09:52] [SPEAKER_03] It's three questions, but at least they're, uh, they aren't about black holes. Thanks for the sterling effort. Nick from Cambridge. Uh, so yes, um, Hubble, um, yeah. Uh, our observations plan to minimize the time that the earth is between the telescope and the target. That's an interesting one because yeah, it is an orbiting, uh, uh, telescope, whereas the others are out in the, uh, L2 Lagrange point.

[00:10:19] [SPEAKER_03] So they're not as, um, they don't have anything blocking their view.

[00:10:23] [SPEAKER_04] Uh, there are limitations though that amount to the same thing with the web. Oh, okay. You can only point it in certain directions. Uh, so it means during the course of the year you can cover the whole sky, but it, but you can't just point it randomly in any direction. You've got to time it right. Yes, quite so.

[00:10:40] [SPEAKER_04] As with the Hubble as well, because you, um, what happens when time is granted on a telescope like the Hubble, uh, and this is, you know, to the applicants who successfully convinced the gatekeepers that, uh, their project is worth, uh, spending a few hours of Hubble time on. Uh, when, when, when those observations are brought together, they, they fall into the hands of a scheduler, uh, so that they're scheduled for, you know, exactly that way.

[00:11:09] [SPEAKER_04] Um, so that they're going to be visible when the telescope is at that orientation with respect to the earth. Uh, in other words, keep the earth out of the way. So that, that's certainly the case. It's not a random thing. The, um, the scheduling of space telescopes is very, uh, complicated and quite carefully done. Uh, that was, that was the first question.

[00:11:32] [SPEAKER_03] Um, I think we're not... Are multiple targets recorded concurrently as the telescope whizzes around Earth? Um, no.

[00:11:39] [SPEAKER_04] Um, the Hubble looks at one thing at a time, but yes, if you, if you, depending on, you know, where the object is in relation to the earth, you might do sort of n seconds of integration on one object, n seconds of integration on another. And then on the next orbit, repeat that, uh, something like that so that you could, it's not concurrently, but it's doing them, you know, dovetailing them together. Yeah.

[00:12:09] [SPEAKER_04] So that you get the best performance. Uh, and I forgot what the last question was.

[00:12:13] [SPEAKER_03] Uh, is satellite orbit parallax a problem or an advantage or irrelevant?

[00:12:21] [SPEAKER_04] Irrelevant. Irrelevant, uh, for most of astronomy. If you're looking at the moon, it's not. Um, the moon is near enough that the parallax, uh, differences caused by, um, the spacecraft being on one side of the earth and then on the other will be enough. But for pretty well everything else, uh, you can ignore it. Okay.

[00:12:39] [SPEAKER_03] Interesting. Uh, and of course, um, yeah, we're sending more and more of these, um, things into space and, um, the, uh, Vera Rubin is not, no, it's the other one. Um, it, uh, the one you're talking about, it's a Nancy Grace Roman. Nancy Grace Roman has just been launched. So it's, it's heading out. Uh, and I think what is that? About a hundred days to get there, something like that. Yes, that's right. Hmm. Hmm. So it'd be getting pretty close, wouldn't it?

[00:13:07] [SPEAKER_04] Yes, I think it's, I haven't caught up with where it is at the moment, but I think it's in good shape and nearly at its, um, its vantage point. I want to find out now. No. Good. Well, tell me when you do.

[00:13:21] [SPEAKER_03] Um, yeah, we'll have a look. Uh, it's, um, so it was launched on the 30th of August. So, oh, it's probably coming up on about a third of the way there. Yeah, sounds about right. Yeah. Okay. There you go. Thank you, Nick. Uh, I hope we managed to adequately answer your question. That's what we strive for here on Space Nuts. A Q and A edition with Andrew Dunkley and Professor Fred Watson.

[00:13:49] [SPEAKER_05] Okay. We've had a problem here. This is Houston. Say again, please. Oh, Houston. We've had a problem. We've had a main B bus undervolt. Roger. Main B undervolt. Okay. Stand by 13. We're looking at it.

[00:13:59] [SPEAKER_03] It's these bus. Of course. Of course, if you're only, yes, Geordie. Yes. Uh, if you're only half listening to that, um, that radio call from Apollo 13 about what, you know, about their main B bus undervolt problem, you, you would have thought they were actually hit by a bus. Yes. So, um, yeah, it can be very confusing. Um, now, oh gosh, uh, Fred, let's go to our next question. Uh, this comes from Ash in Brisbane. Hi, Ash. Uh, I've got a spanner to throw into the works.

[00:14:29] [SPEAKER_03] In a previous episode, you mentioned that when neutron stars collide, the gravity is so extreme that essentially no debris escapes. Now, here's where my brain started making funny noises. I'm a bit of a gold fanatic, and I was under the impression that regular supernovae aren't energetic enough to make a heavy element like gold. I thought the current thinking is that neutron star mergers produced much of the universe's gold.

[00:14:58] [SPEAKER_03] So here is my question. If no debris escapes a neutron collision, how did all the gold end up here? Quite literally, uh, for me to admire hoard and dream about buying more off. Uh, have I misunderstood what nothing escapes means? Does some material actually get flung out before the merged object settled down? Or have I completely missed a piece of the puzzle? Love the show. And thanks for feeding my curiosity every week. Looking forward to hearing your thoughts.

[00:15:28] [SPEAKER_03] Cheers. Uh, Ash from Brisbane. That is a really good question. Is there a fundamentally simple answer?

[00:15:34] [SPEAKER_04] Yeah. Yeah, I think stuff can escape from a neutron star collision. Maybe I glossed over something in the past. Uh, the, I mean, we know neutron star collisions not only produce a significant amount of rate of gravitational waves, but we also get electromagnetic radiation from that as well. So that's something else that can escape.

[00:16:01] [SPEAKER_04] Uh, the, uh, there must be debris, uh, because otherwise exactly, uh, as Ash says, uh, you wouldn't get the interstellar medium being sort of seeded by, uh, by gold.

[00:16:14] [SPEAKER_03] Um, but it still, it still makes you wonder like, you know, the two neutron stars collide, cataclysmic explosion, stuff gets flung out. I mean, they're not gold bars floating out in space, are they?

[00:16:26] [SPEAKER_04] So what form does the gold take? It'll be, uh, atomic, atomic gold.

[00:16:32] [SPEAKER_03] Okay.

[00:16:32] [SPEAKER_04] Basically, atoms of gold that if you had enough of them, they'd form a gas. Uh, but, um, you know, they're, they're probably quite rarefied. Uh, it's, it's, it's, gold's an interesting one though, because we think most of the gold on Earth must have arrived after the Earth's formation because if gold was a significant proportion of the cloud, the gas and dust cloud that the Earth formed from, all the gold would be in the middle.

[00:17:01] [SPEAKER_04] It would be mixed up with the iron core, uh, because of its, because of its mass. So, um, the thinking is that other objects like broken up protoplanets, which would give rise to meteorites, uh, and small asteroids, those things bombarding the Earth are probably where most of the Earth's gold came from. Oh, okay. But in turn, they would have come from a, from a neutron star collision. Yeah. They're called kilonovas now. Are they?

[00:17:29] [SPEAKER_04] Like a thousand kilo nova rather than a supernova.

[00:17:35] [SPEAKER_03] Wow. Does that make them bigger or just, you know, nastier? Smaller. Oh, okay. Yeah, yeah. Super, super bigger. Yeah, right. Got you. Yeah. We're still waiting for the next big one, aren't we?

[00:17:47] [SPEAKER_04] Uh, yes. In terms of supernovae, that's right. There's a couple of candidate stars that might blow their top sometime within the next few thousand years.

[00:17:56] [SPEAKER_03] Yeah. Yeah. We'll have to hang around for that. It's like, hmm. Yeah. The difference is, um, between that and waiting for a solar eclipse is you can get a date for a solar eclipse. You can't get a date for a supernova. 22nd of July, 2028. Yes, I know where I'll be.

[00:18:14] [SPEAKER_04] I don't have to move for once. No, you don't. You probably forget and have a golf match because it's Saturday afternoon.

[00:18:20] [SPEAKER_03] Well, it is a Saturday. Yeah. But I'm usually finished by then. I can imagine there'll be people that will be out there playing that are oblivious to it and suddenly it'll pitch black. We hope nobody will be oblivious to it.

[00:18:33] [SPEAKER_04] That's one of the jobs that I'm doing.

[00:18:35] [SPEAKER_03] I'm pretty sure the news will be significant. It already is. There's a Facebook page that's been dedicated to it already. So, um, I've joined that and they're constantly, they're already looking for accommodation, Fred. Yeah, there will be. Yeah. But, um, yeah, Ash, um, it's, uh, yeah, stuff does get away. Um, and, and, uh, gold does end up in space gets picked up by the, or, or distributed by the, um, the debris, I suppose. And some of it ended up on earth. Hmm.

[00:19:05] [SPEAKER_03] Uh, and I still, I believe still the amount of pure gold that's been, that it's been found and, um, and, and, you know, what do you call it? Um, refined on earth still would only fill, is it one or two Olympic sized swimming pools? That's the, that's the world's total amount of gold at the moment. It's not much, is it?

[00:19:29] [SPEAKER_04] Not really, no. Um, no, you're right. I don't think I've got any actually.

[00:19:34] [SPEAKER_03] Um, I've got this. All right. Okay. Good. Very good. That's my grandfather's wedding ring. Ah. And my grandmother gave it to me and said, when you get married. Oh, that's lovely. Yeah. So that, that ring now has got 80, 40, 50, 57, oh, hang on 40, nearly 90, 90, nearly 93 years of marriage on it. Hmm. Hmm.

[00:20:01] [SPEAKER_03] Without, without my grandparents, um, marriage and, and Judy and I are coming up on 40 years. Can you believe that? Um, no. No. January.

[00:20:13] [SPEAKER_04] I think of you as a young couple.

[00:20:15] [SPEAKER_03] January, 40 years marriage. Yes. It's hard to get your head around, isn't it? What, what have we done with our lives? Uh, anyway.

[00:20:23] [SPEAKER_04] Hope you're doing something good for the anniversary, Andrew.

[00:20:25] [SPEAKER_03] Uh, we're going to Antarctica. Right. We wanted to, um, put our initials in the snow. Um, as you do. Yeah. We're not going, we're not going ashore. We're not doing that. We're doing that. We're doing the, um, the, the environmentally friendly version of the tree. Very good. Yeah. It's the right thing to do. Indeed. Okay. Uh, thanks Ash. Uh, great to hear from you. Keep collecting the gold. And if you've got any spare, you know where I live.

[00:20:52] [SPEAKER_03] Uh, our final question, Fred comes from, um, I've got to find it. It's from Ryan.

[00:20:59] [SPEAKER_00] Hey guys. It's Ryan from Hocasson, Delaware. Yes. Delaware actually exists. I have a question. And if you would permit me, I would be interested to hear, uh, answers from both of you. Um, I recognize that our solar system and our sun is, you know, rocketing through the universe, rocketing around the galaxy. Well, not rocketing, but you know what I mean. Um, and that currently our solar system is in what we, what is known as the local interstellar clouds. Right.

[00:21:28] [SPEAKER_00] It's, it's a very thin diffuse patch of gas that we're going through. And the sun's heliosphere has enough outward pressure to protect us from this interstellar medium. My question is, what would happen if our sun were to stray through a dense star forming nebula? Something that has, you know, a much higher, um, parts per million or even not. I don't know what a dense, what dense is defined as in a star forming nebula.

[00:21:59] [SPEAKER_00] Um, but if our sun were to wander through one of these things, what would happen to the earth? What would happen to the heliosphere? What would happen to our solar system? And again, if you permit me, I'd be curious to hear the sci-fi writer on your show answer first. Thanks so much guys. Uh, keep up the great work.

[00:22:19] [SPEAKER_03] Thank you, Ryan. I was, um, thinking Martin Berman-Gorvine could have tackled this one, but, um, he didn't pick up the phone when I rang. Um, and that's who I assume he wanted to hear from in terms of science fiction writers. And, um, I look, I, I did research this because I, uh, from a science fiction point of view, I I'd like to think it would, um, you know, the sun, which means the earth and the rest of the solar system would go with it.

[00:22:46] [SPEAKER_03] Uh, the sun would, uh, start to fuel itself up on all that, um, meaty goodness in a nebula. And we suddenly realized that our, our life on earth is threatened significantly. The truth is much more boring. I'll let Fred tell the truth, but, um, from a science fiction perspective, look, it's, it's got merit. If you wanted to stretch the, um, the truth a very, very long way and not break the rubber band,

[00:23:15] [SPEAKER_03] but, um, you probably would break the rubber band, but, uh, I, I, I'd go down the, the line of, um, yes, if, if, if it happened, uh, the, the sun would, um, have a feeding frenzy like a great white shark and, uh, earth would suddenly risk being gobbled up by what may become a super sun as a consequence. But, uh, I just don't believe that's, that's possible.

[00:23:41] [SPEAKER_03] Well, and, uh, we, the chances of this happening, Ryan, are pretty much nil because the nearest nebula to earth, uh, the helix nebula is, uh, about 650 light years away. So, um, that's, um, that's, that, that, that sort of puts us out of the realm of possibility, but, you know, you never know. There might be one we've missed and is sneaking up on us as we speak. Uh, time for you to save this question, Fred.

[00:24:12] [SPEAKER_04] I'm just cheating here because, um, you've made me think of something I should know. Uh, so what we're really talking about, star-forming regions are technically known as giant molecular regions. Uh, uh. And the nearest one is 1500 light years away. Oh, there you go. Uh, it's the Orion molecular cloud complex. That makes sense because we know the Orion nebula is one of the brightest in the, in the sky.

[00:24:40] [SPEAKER_04] So giant molecular clouds are indeed where, uh, star formation is taking place. Um, and the densities there because it's a molecular cloud, uh, are higher than what they would be in the sort of normal interstellar medium.

[00:24:54] [SPEAKER_04] Um, but it would be, um, the thing that would probably make the biggest difference is that as you approach this thing and two people I used to work with at the Royal Observatory in Edinburgh, um, Victor Klug and Bill Napier, both theorized that this has happened in the past.

[00:25:13] [SPEAKER_04] That, uh, uh, a giant molecular cloud passing close to the solar system would disturb the Oort cloud to the extent that you would bombard the inner solar system with cometary objects. In other words, comet nuclei coming from the Oort cloud, which we think is the reservoir of these things at the edge of the gas cloud that made our own, our own solar system.

[00:25:37] [SPEAKER_04] So there could be quite catastrophic, uh, in fact, um, uh, in fact, um, uh, Victor and Bill wrote a book called The Cosmic Serpent, uh, in which they equated, if I remember rightly, uh, some of the, um, geological and, um, mythical, if I can put it that way.

[00:25:59] [SPEAKER_04] Uh, the, uh, the, the stories of death and devastation, um, of which there are plenty in ancient records, uh, those, uh, and the geological evidence of there having been, um, debris bombarding the earth. Uh, they sort of equated that with the passage of potential passage of no molecular giant molecular clouds. Now their work, that work was done 70 years, sorry, 50 years ago or thereabouts.

[00:26:28] [SPEAKER_04] No, a bit, a bit less than that. Um, 40 years ago, 46 years ago to be exact. Um, so things have probably moved on in terms of what we know about these things, uh, and also about the geological record too. And, you know, what the anthropologists tell us about some of the, um, uh, destruction stories that, uh, that pervade, uh, ancient texts of whatever kind they are.

[00:26:54] [SPEAKER_04] So, uh, there might be more to say about that, but it's still a real phenomenon potentially that you could get, um, catastrophic bombardment of the inner solar system because of the disturbance, the gravitational disturbance of a big lump of stuff not very far away.

[00:27:09] [SPEAKER_03] Wow. That's not boring at all. No, I don't think it's boring. No, I think it's, um, Makes a science fiction potential story much more exciting. Yes. Well, it does. You could mix the two together and get a good answer probably. Ryan will be relieved to know that getting to the, um, star forming field that you, uh, brought up Fred, 1500 light years ago away will take us at a current velocity 15 million years.

[00:27:39] [SPEAKER_04] Yes. Yes. That's probably right. If we were heading in the right direction.

[00:27:43] [SPEAKER_03] If we were heading in the right direction, that's the other, that's the other point and we're not.

[00:27:47] [SPEAKER_04] Yeah.

[00:27:48] [SPEAKER_03] Yeah. That's right. So I think we're pretty safe at the moment, Ryan, but, uh, thanks for your thoughts. And I do love the what if questions. That one was just a little bit out of my realm of, um, imagination. Um, but yeah. Um, but Fred made us feel good by saying it would be catastrophic anyway.

[00:28:09] [SPEAKER_03] Yes. Uh, thank you, Ryan. Thank you to everyone who contributed. And if you've got questions for us, please send them in to, uh, our website or via our website, uh, space nuts dot IO and just click on the AMA button at the top. And, uh, you can send text or audio questions. Don't forget to tell us who you are and where you're from. We'd be thrilled to hear from you. And if you've never sent us a question before, please do. Um, always looking for newbies. Uh, we like our regulars too, of course.

[00:28:36] [SPEAKER_03] And, uh, please leave a review wherever you listen to us or watch us. If you watch us, that's, I'm really sorry about that. But, um, anyway, that's, you know, head for radio. I've had it for a long time. I can't change it. Um, thank you, Fred. We'll see you real soon. I hope so. Yeah. Looking forward to it. Thank you.

[00:28:54] [SPEAKER_03] Good on Andrew. That's professor Fred Watson, astronomer at large. And thanks to Hugh in the studio who, um, also did some straying today. Um, like the earth, um, or the sun straying through a nebula. He went straying. So we haven't seen him for a couple of months now. Uh, and from me, Andrew Dunkley, thanks for your company. We'll catch you on the next episode of Space Nuts. Bye-bye.

[00:29:15] [SPEAKER_01] Space News Today. You'll be listening to the Space News Today Podcast. Space News Today.