Exploring Uranus's Rotational Secrets, New Crew at the ISS, and the Dangers of Space Travel
In this episode of SpaceTime, we delve into groundbreaking measurements of Uranus's rotational rate, achieved with unprecedented accuracy by NASA's Hubble Space Telescope. This new technique, which analyzed over a decade of observations of the planet's auroras, provides essential insights into Uranus's complex atmosphere and magnetic field, establishing a vital reference point for future planetary studies.
A New Crew Arrives at the International Space Station
Next, we cover the arrival of a new crew aboard the International Space Station, as the Russian Soyuz MS-27 spacecraft successfully docks with the orbiting outpost. The crew, consisting of two Russians and an American, will spend eight months conducting over 200 experiments and performing maintenance on the station.
The Dangers of Going into Space
Additionally, we discuss the various dangers associated with human spaceflight, including the effects of microgravity on the human body, radiation exposure, and the physical challenges astronauts face during long-duration missions. Experts from NASA highlight the ongoing research to ensure astronaut safety as humanity prepares for deeper space exploration.
00:00 Space Time Series 28 Episode 47 for broadcast on 18 April 2025
00:49 Hubble's measurements of Uranus's rotational rate
06:30 Implications for future planetary research
12:15 New crew arrival at the ISS aboard Soyuz MS-27
18:00 Overview of the crew's mission and experiments
22:45 Dangers of human spaceflight and health impacts
27:00 Summary of recent space exploration news
30:15 Science report: Lab-grown meat flavor innovations
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✍️ Episode References
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Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/26690951?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 this is Spacetime Series 28 episode 47
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 for broadcast on the 18th of April
00:00:06 --> 00:00:09 2025 coming up on Spaceime Hubble helps
00:00:09 --> 00:00:11 determine the rotational rate of the
00:00:11 --> 00:00:14 planet Uranus a new crew arrives at the
00:00:14 --> 00:00:17 International Space Station and we look
00:00:17 --> 00:00:19 at the dangers of going into space all
00:00:19 --> 00:00:23 that and more coming up on Spaceime
00:00:23 --> 00:00:27 welcome to Spaceime with Stuart Garry
00:00:27 --> 00:00:34 [Music]
00:00:42 --> 00:00:45 astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space
00:00:45 --> 00:00:46 Telescope have made new measurements of
00:00:46 --> 00:00:49 the planet Uranus's rotational rate with
00:00:49 --> 00:00:51 a thousand times more accuracy than
00:00:51 --> 00:00:53 previous estimates the findings reported
00:00:53 --> 00:00:55 in the journal Nature were made using a
00:00:55 --> 00:00:57 new novel technique which analyzed more
00:00:57 --> 00:00:59 than a decade of Hubble observations of
00:00:59 --> 00:01:02 Uranus's auroral activities the research
00:01:02 --> 00:01:04 is important because it establishes a
00:01:04 --> 00:01:06 crucial new reference point for future
00:01:06 --> 00:01:09 planetary studies uranus is the seventh
00:01:09 --> 00:01:12 most distant planet from the sun it's a
00:01:12 --> 00:01:14 gaseous cyan colored ice giant slightly
00:01:14 --> 00:01:17 larger than its sister planet Neptune
00:01:17 --> 00:01:19 most of Uranus is composed of water
00:01:19 --> 00:01:21 ammonia and methane in a superc critical
00:01:21 --> 00:01:23 phase of matter which astronomers call
00:01:23 --> 00:01:26 ices or volatiles the planet's
00:01:26 --> 00:01:28 atmosphere has a complex layered cloud
00:01:28 --> 00:01:30 structure and it has the lowest minimum
00:01:30 --> 00:01:32 temperature in the solar system just 49
00:01:32 --> 00:01:34 Kelvin that's
00:01:34 --> 00:01:38 -224° C uranus takes 84 Earth years to
00:01:38 --> 00:01:41 complete one orbit around the sun but
00:01:41 --> 00:01:43 its most notable feature has always been
00:01:43 --> 00:01:46 its axial tilt some 82.23°
00:01:46 --> 00:01:49 23° in other words it's almost rotating
00:01:49 --> 00:01:51 on its side even more amazing that
00:01:51 --> 00:01:54 rotation is retrograde the opposite way
00:01:54 --> 00:01:55 to where most of the other planets in
00:01:55 --> 00:01:58 the solar system rotate now because it
00:01:58 --> 00:02:00 orbits the sun on its side it means that
00:02:00 --> 00:02:02 each of its poles are getting around 42
00:02:02 --> 00:02:04 Earth years of continuous sunlight
00:02:04 --> 00:02:06 followed by a further 42 Earth years of
00:02:06 --> 00:02:09 continuous darkness uranus is the third
00:02:09 --> 00:02:11 largest diameter and the fourth largest
00:02:11 --> 00:02:14 mass among the solar systems planets now
00:02:14 --> 00:02:16 based on current models inside its
00:02:16 --> 00:02:18 volatile mantle layer is a rocky core
00:02:18 --> 00:02:19 surrounded by a thick hydrogen and
00:02:20 --> 00:02:22 helium atmosphere trace amounts of
00:02:22 --> 00:02:24 hydrocarbons thought to be produced
00:02:24 --> 00:02:26 through hydraysis and carbon monoxide
00:02:26 --> 00:02:28 along with carbon dioxide thought to
00:02:28 --> 00:02:29 have originated from comets have been
00:02:29 --> 00:02:31 detected in the planet's upper
00:02:31 --> 00:02:33 atmosphere there are many unexplained
00:02:33 --> 00:02:36 climate phenomena in Uranus's atmosphere
00:02:36 --> 00:02:39 such as its peak wind speed of 900 km an
00:02:39 --> 00:02:41 hour variations in its polar cap and
00:02:41 --> 00:02:44 erratic cloud formations the planet also
00:02:44 --> 00:02:46 has very low internal heat compared to
00:02:46 --> 00:02:48 the other giant planets the cause of
00:02:48 --> 00:02:50 this remains somewhat unclear
00:02:50 --> 00:02:52 determining any planet's rotational rate
00:02:52 --> 00:02:54 is challenging especially for a world
00:02:54 --> 00:02:56 like Uranus where direct measurements
00:02:56 --> 00:02:58 simply aren't possible so the authors
00:02:58 --> 00:03:00 developed an innovative method to track
00:03:00 --> 00:03:02 the rotational motion of Uranus's
00:03:02 --> 00:03:04 auroral activity the spectacular light
00:03:04 --> 00:03:05 displays generated in the upper
00:03:05 --> 00:03:07 atmosphere by the influx of energetic
00:03:08 --> 00:03:09 particles near the planet's magnetic
00:03:09 --> 00:03:12 poles this technique revealed that
00:03:12 --> 00:03:15 Uranus completes a full rotation in 17
00:03:15 --> 00:03:18 hours 14 minutes and 52 seconds now
00:03:18 --> 00:03:20 that's 28 seconds longer than the best
00:03:20 --> 00:03:22 estimate obtained by NASA's Voyager 2
00:03:22 --> 00:03:24 spacecraft during its flyby of the
00:03:24 --> 00:03:27 planet back in 1986
00:03:27 --> 00:03:29 the study's lead author Loren Lami from
00:03:29 --> 00:03:31 the Paris Observatory says these new
00:03:31 --> 00:03:32 measurements not only provide an
00:03:32 --> 00:03:34 essential reference for planetary
00:03:34 --> 00:03:35 scientists but also solves a
00:03:35 --> 00:03:37 long-standing issue the fact that
00:03:37 --> 00:03:39 previous coordinate systems based on the
00:03:39 --> 00:03:41 outdated rotational periods quickly
00:03:41 --> 00:03:43 became inaccurate making it impossible
00:03:43 --> 00:03:45 to track Uranus's magnetic poles over
00:03:45 --> 00:03:48 time but with this new longitudinal
00:03:48 --> 00:03:49 system astronomers will now be able to
00:03:49 --> 00:03:51 compare auroral observations spanning
00:03:51 --> 00:03:53 nearly 40 years and even plan for an
00:03:53 --> 00:03:56 upcoming Uranus mission the breakthrough
00:03:56 --> 00:03:58 was made possible thanks to Hubble's
00:03:58 --> 00:04:01 long-term monitoring of Uranus over more
00:04:01 --> 00:04:03 than a decade Hubble Space Telescope
00:04:03 --> 00:04:05 regularly observed its ultraviolet
00:04:05 --> 00:04:07 auroral missions enabling researchers to
00:04:07 --> 00:04:08 track the position of its magnetic poles
00:04:08 --> 00:04:11 with magnetic field models without
00:04:11 --> 00:04:13 Hubble's continuous observations it
00:04:13 --> 00:04:14 would have been impossible to detect the
00:04:14 --> 00:04:16 periodic signals with the level of
00:04:16 --> 00:04:18 accuracy needed see unlike the aurora of
00:04:18 --> 00:04:21 Earth Jupiter or Saturn Uranus's aurora
00:04:21 --> 00:04:23 behave in a unique and unpredictable
00:04:23 --> 00:04:25 manner this is due to the planet's
00:04:25 --> 00:04:27 highly tilted magnetic field which is
00:04:27 --> 00:04:29 significantly offset from its rotational
00:04:29 --> 00:04:31 axis the findings are not only helping
00:04:31 --> 00:04:33 astronomers better understand Uranus's
00:04:33 --> 00:04:35 magnetosphere but they'll also help
00:04:35 --> 00:04:37 provide vital information for a future
00:04:37 --> 00:04:39 Uranus mission the planetary science
00:04:39 --> 00:04:42 decal survey has already prioritized a
00:04:42 --> 00:04:44 NASA backed Uranus orbiter and probe
00:04:44 --> 00:04:47 mission for future planetary exploration
00:04:47 --> 00:04:51 this report from NASA TV
00:04:51 --> 00:04:53 uranus is the seventh planet from the
00:04:53 --> 00:04:55 sun and the third largest planet in the
00:04:55 --> 00:04:56 solar
00:04:56 --> 00:04:58 system it also may have the coldest
00:04:58 --> 00:05:01 interior emitting far less heat than its
00:05:01 --> 00:05:04 counterparts Jupiter Saturn and Neptune
00:05:04 --> 00:05:07 it is known as an ice giant because it
00:05:07 --> 00:05:09 contains more ices including water
00:05:09 --> 00:05:12 methane and ammonia than Jupiter or
00:05:12 --> 00:05:15 Saturn and while NASA's learned a great
00:05:15 --> 00:05:16 deal about this planet over the last
00:05:16 --> 00:05:19 three decades there's a lot more waiting
00:05:19 --> 00:05:20 to be
00:05:20 --> 00:05:24 discovered back in 1986 NASA's Voyager 2
00:05:24 --> 00:05:27 spacecraft flew by Uranus making it the
00:05:27 --> 00:05:29 first and only spacecraft to visit this
00:05:29 --> 00:05:30 distant
00:05:31 --> 00:05:33 planet previous observations showed that
00:05:33 --> 00:05:35 Uranus has a unique tilt of its axis so
00:05:36 --> 00:05:38 it rotates almost on its side causing
00:05:38 --> 00:05:40 its poles to actually face the sun no
00:05:40 --> 00:05:42 other planet in our solar system has
00:05:42 --> 00:05:43 this
00:05:43 --> 00:05:46 feature in its quick sprint past Uranus
00:05:46 --> 00:05:48 Voyager discovered 10 new moons orbiting
00:05:48 --> 00:05:51 the planet that had not been seen before
00:05:51 --> 00:05:53 and in the decades since even more have
00:05:53 --> 00:05:56 been found during its encounter Voyager
00:05:56 --> 00:05:58 also saw new faint rings and explored
00:05:58 --> 00:06:02 the complex magnetosphere
00:06:02 --> 00:06:04 voyager only briefly viewed the planet's
00:06:04 --> 00:06:08 five major moons ariel Miranda Titania
00:06:08 --> 00:06:11 Oberon and Umbreal these moons have a
00:06:12 --> 00:06:13 wide variety of terrains and geological
00:06:13 --> 00:06:16 features some of which indicate possible
00:06:16 --> 00:06:17 subsurface
00:06:17 --> 00:06:20 oceans small Miranda has chaotic terrain
00:06:20 --> 00:06:23 with deep canyons and tall mountains but
00:06:23 --> 00:06:25 is likely now frozen solid
00:06:25 --> 00:06:27 ariel appears to have the youngest
00:06:27 --> 00:06:30 surface with few impact craters while
00:06:30 --> 00:06:32 Titania has a very old surface the lack
00:06:32 --> 00:06:34 of large craters and presence of a large
00:06:34 --> 00:06:37 canyon system may indicate ancient
00:06:37 --> 00:06:39 resurfacing oberon is also covered with
00:06:39 --> 00:06:42 craters and has valleys and large
00:06:42 --> 00:06:44 mountains umbreel's surface is the
00:06:44 --> 00:06:46 darkest of the Iranian moons and it
00:06:46 --> 00:06:49 sports a strange polar ring the origin
00:06:49 --> 00:06:51 of this ring is still a mystery but
00:06:51 --> 00:06:53 scientists believe that it may have been
00:06:53 --> 00:06:55 formed by an icy
00:06:55 --> 00:06:56 [Music]
00:06:56 --> 00:06:58 impact since Voyager groundbased
00:06:58 --> 00:07:00 telescopes and the Hubble Space
00:07:00 --> 00:07:02 Telescope have played the leading role
00:07:02 --> 00:07:05 in our understanding of Uranus since
00:07:05 --> 00:07:07 1992 Hubble has watched the slowly
00:07:07 --> 00:07:10 changing uranian seasons including
00:07:10 --> 00:07:12 changes in its unusual pale blue color
00:07:12 --> 00:07:14 and polar hazes
00:07:14 --> 00:07:16 telescopes have also revealed that
00:07:16 --> 00:07:18 Uranus has a complex weather system with
00:07:18 --> 00:07:20 massive storms that can last for months
00:07:20 --> 00:07:26 or even years with wind speeds over 500
00:07:26 --> 00:07:29 mph the ongoing search for ocean worlds
00:07:29 --> 00:07:31 and life beyond Earth makes Uranus an
00:07:31 --> 00:07:33 exciting target for the James Web Space
00:07:33 --> 00:07:35 Telescope and for future uplose
00:07:35 --> 00:07:37 exploration
00:07:37 --> 00:07:39 new data will help scientists to
00:07:39 --> 00:07:41 understand the formation and evolution
00:07:41 --> 00:07:43 of Uranus as well as its moons and rings
00:07:43 --> 00:07:45 and provide clues as to whether liquid
00:07:45 --> 00:07:48 water may reside beneath their icy
00:07:49 --> 00:07:51 crusts the fascinating properties of
00:07:51 --> 00:07:53 this planet discovered in just the span
00:07:53 --> 00:07:55 of a few decades reveal that unlocking
00:07:55 --> 00:07:57 mysteries here can help scientists learn
00:07:57 --> 00:08:00 even more about our solar system and our
00:08:00 --> 00:08:02 place in it
00:08:02 --> 00:08:06 this is spaceime still to come a Russian
00:08:06 --> 00:08:07 Sawyer spacecraft arrives at the
00:08:07 --> 00:08:09 International Space Station with a new
00:08:09 --> 00:08:11 crew and we look at the dangers of going
00:08:11 --> 00:08:13 into space all that and more still to
00:08:13 --> 00:08:15 come on Spaceime
00:08:15 --> 00:08:22 [Music]
00:08:30 --> 00:08:31 a new crew has arrived aboard the
00:08:31 --> 00:08:33 international space station with a
00:08:33 --> 00:08:35 Russian soy use capsule successfully
00:08:35 --> 00:08:37 docking to the orbiting outpost the
00:08:37 --> 00:08:40 soyuse MS-27 spacecraft docked onto the
00:08:40 --> 00:08:42 Russian Pal modules Nadia port following
00:08:42 --> 00:08:45 a fasttrack rendevous of just 3 hours 10
00:08:45 --> 00:08:47 minutes and 28 seconds after launching
00:08:47 --> 00:08:49 aboard a Sawyer's 21A rocket from the
00:08:49 --> 00:08:51 Banor Cosmo Drrome in the Central Asian
00:08:52 --> 00:08:55 Republic of Kazakhstan the MS27's three
00:08:55 --> 00:08:57 crew members of two Russians and an
00:08:57 --> 00:08:59 American will spend eight months on
00:08:59 --> 00:09:02 station as part of the expedition 7273
00:09:02 --> 00:09:03 crew before returning to Earth in
00:09:03 --> 00:09:06 December during the crew's time in orbit
00:09:06 --> 00:09:08 they'll conduct more than 200
00:09:08 --> 00:09:10 experiments they'll also undertake
00:09:10 --> 00:09:12 ongoing maintenance work on the station
00:09:12 --> 00:09:14 systems and carry out at least one
00:09:14 --> 00:09:16 spacew walk following its docking the
00:09:16 --> 00:09:20 Soyuse MS-27 joins the Soyuse MS-26 the
00:09:20 --> 00:09:22 Dragon spacecraft endurance as well as
00:09:22 --> 00:09:25 the Progress MS29 and MS30 cargo ships
00:09:25 --> 00:09:27 as part of the space station's current
00:09:27 --> 00:09:30 compliment of visiting spacecraft this
00:09:30 --> 00:09:33 is spacetime still to come the dangers
00:09:33 --> 00:09:35 of going into space and later in the
00:09:35 --> 00:09:38 science report scientists develop a meat
00:09:38 --> 00:09:40 flavor in order to make lab grown meats
00:09:40 --> 00:09:43 more meatier all that and more still to
00:09:43 --> 00:09:44 come on
00:09:44 --> 00:09:59 [Music]
00:09:59 --> 00:10:01 Spaceime we all know that space is
00:10:01 --> 00:10:03 dangerous not just for satellites and
00:10:03 --> 00:10:06 spacecraft but also for people so
00:10:06 --> 00:10:08 exactly what are the dangers to better
00:10:08 --> 00:10:10 understand how the human body changes in
00:10:10 --> 00:10:12 space flight NASA and issa have been
00:10:12 --> 00:10:14 sending people into space on long
00:10:14 --> 00:10:17 duration missions in low Earth orbit the
00:10:17 --> 00:10:19 biggest change is the impact of
00:10:19 --> 00:10:21 microgravity because bones aren't
00:10:21 --> 00:10:23 carrying any weight and muscles don't
00:10:23 --> 00:10:25 need to work very hard bone density
00:10:25 --> 00:10:28 lowers and muscles weaken but there are
00:10:28 --> 00:10:31 also other changes the human eyeball for
00:10:31 --> 00:10:33 example changes its shape that affects
00:10:33 --> 00:10:35 vision fluids that normally occupy
00:10:35 --> 00:10:37 specific areas of the body under normal
00:10:37 --> 00:10:40 1g conditions end up moving into other
00:10:40 --> 00:10:42 areas meaning nausea and dizziness
00:10:42 --> 00:10:44 become a real issue for balance and
00:10:44 --> 00:10:46 astronauts always feel as if they've got
00:10:46 --> 00:10:48 a head cold and of course the further
00:10:48 --> 00:10:50 away you are from Earth's atmosphere and
00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 protective magnetospheric shield the
00:10:52 --> 00:10:53 greater the risk of
00:10:53 --> 00:10:56 radiation apollo crew on deep space
00:10:56 --> 00:10:58 missions to the moon reported seeing
00:10:58 --> 00:11:01 sudden flashes of light it turns out
00:11:01 --> 00:11:03 these were cosmic rays penetrating their
00:11:03 --> 00:11:05 eyeballs and all these issues and more
00:11:05 --> 00:11:07 will amplify as humans venture deeper
00:11:07 --> 00:11:09 into space returning to the moon on the
00:11:09 --> 00:11:11 Artemus missions this time to stay there
00:11:12 --> 00:11:14 and later on even longer missions to the
00:11:14 --> 00:11:16 red planet Mars and beyond and that's
00:11:16 --> 00:11:18 probably only a decade or so away
00:11:18 --> 00:11:20 biological and physical sciences expert
00:11:20 --> 00:11:23 Lisa Carnell from NASA says despite more
00:11:23 --> 00:11:25 than 60 years of human space flight
00:11:25 --> 00:11:27 there's still so much we still don't
00:11:27 --> 00:11:29 know what are the dangers of going into
00:11:30 --> 00:11:32 space for human space flight the first
00:11:32 --> 00:11:35 thing I think about is the astronauts
00:11:35 --> 00:11:37 actually strapping themselves to a
00:11:37 --> 00:11:39 rocket and if that isn't dangerous
00:11:39 --> 00:11:42 enough once they launch and they're out
00:11:42 --> 00:11:45 into space in deep exploration we have
00:11:45 --> 00:11:48 to worry about radiation radiation is
00:11:48 --> 00:11:50 coming at them from all directions from
00:11:50 --> 00:11:53 the sun we have solar particles we have
00:11:53 --> 00:11:55 galactic cosmic rays that are all over
00:11:55 --> 00:11:58 in the universe and those cause damage
00:11:58 --> 00:12:02 to DNA on Earth here we use sunscreen to
00:12:02 --> 00:12:04 protect us from DNA damage our
00:12:04 --> 00:12:06 astronauts are protected from the
00:12:06 --> 00:12:08 shielding that's around them in the
00:12:08 --> 00:12:10 space vehicles we also have to worry
00:12:10 --> 00:12:13 about microgravity so what happens there
00:12:13 --> 00:12:15 we see a lot of bone and muscle loss in
00:12:15 --> 00:12:18 our astronauts and so to prevent this we
00:12:18 --> 00:12:21 actually have the astronauts exercising
00:12:21 --> 00:12:24 for hours every day and of course we
00:12:24 --> 00:12:26 don't want to run out of food on a space
00:12:26 --> 00:12:28 exploration mission so we want to make
00:12:28 --> 00:12:30 sure that we have everything that the
00:12:30 --> 00:12:32 astronauts need to take with them to
00:12:32 --> 00:12:34 make sure that we can sustain them there
00:12:34 --> 00:12:36 are many risks associated with human
00:12:36 --> 00:12:39 space exploration nasa's been planning
00:12:39 --> 00:12:41 for these missions to make our
00:12:41 --> 00:12:45 astronauts return home safely
00:12:45 --> 00:12:46 this is
00:12:46 --> 00:13:01 [Music]
00:13:01 --> 00:13:03 spacetime and time now to take another
00:13:03 --> 00:13:04 brief look at some of the other stories
00:13:04 --> 00:13:06 making news in science this week with
00:13:06 --> 00:13:09 the science report a new study has shown
00:13:09 --> 00:13:11 that the shingles vaccine reduces the
00:13:11 --> 00:13:14 probability of dementia by up to 20% the
00:13:14 --> 00:13:16 findings reported in the journal nature
00:13:16 --> 00:13:18 are based on a large scale Welsh study
00:13:18 --> 00:13:20 looking at people born after the 2nd of
00:13:20 --> 00:13:23 September 1933 who were eligible for a
00:13:23 --> 00:13:25 shingles vaccination now these were then
00:13:25 --> 00:13:27 compared with people born before that
00:13:27 --> 00:13:30 date who weren't eligible the study
00:13:30 --> 00:13:31 allowed researchers to compare two
00:13:31 --> 00:13:33 different groups who differed in age but
00:13:33 --> 00:13:35 just a few weeks and when they compared
00:13:35 --> 00:13:37 new dementia diagnoses between the
00:13:37 --> 00:13:39 vaccine eligible and the ineligible
00:13:39 --> 00:13:41 populations they found that receiving
00:13:41 --> 00:13:43 the vaccine decreased the likelihood of
00:13:43 --> 00:13:44 being diagnosed with dementia during the
00:13:44 --> 00:13:47 7-year follow-up study period by around
00:13:47 --> 00:13:49 a fifth or
00:13:49 --> 00:13:51 20% if you're one of those people who
00:13:51 --> 00:13:53 don't like to kill animals just so you
00:13:53 --> 00:13:55 can have a tasty meal lab grown meat has
00:13:55 --> 00:13:57 become one of the big items on your
00:13:57 --> 00:14:00 grocery bill and its use has come a long
00:14:00 --> 00:14:01 way in terms of looking like
00:14:01 --> 00:14:04 recognizable dishes but some say flavor
00:14:04 --> 00:14:07 hasn't quite kept up now a report in the
00:14:07 --> 00:14:09 journal Nature Communications claims
00:14:09 --> 00:14:11 Korean researchers may have solved this
00:14:11 --> 00:14:13 problem they've developed what they're
00:14:13 --> 00:14:15 calling a meaty flavor and it can be
00:14:15 --> 00:14:17 released by cooking the food at specific
00:14:17 --> 00:14:19 temperatures the authors designed a
00:14:19 --> 00:14:21 temperature responsive scaffold for the
00:14:21 --> 00:14:23 meat where a switchable flavor compound
00:14:23 --> 00:14:25 is mixed into a gelatinous base and when
00:14:25 --> 00:14:28 heated up to over 150° C releases a
00:14:28 --> 00:14:31 tasty meatiness flavor however there is
00:14:31 --> 00:14:33 one problem the authors haven't actually
00:14:33 --> 00:14:36 chowed down on the new meaty flavor yet
00:14:36 --> 00:14:38 instead they've confirmed the flavor
00:14:38 --> 00:14:40 using an electronic nose and chemical
00:14:40 --> 00:14:42 analysis of its smell and all that
00:14:42 --> 00:14:44 suggests the flavor profile is very
00:14:44 --> 00:14:46 similar to that of grilled
00:14:46 --> 00:14:49 beef chemtrail conspiracy theorists are
00:14:49 --> 00:14:51 getting desperate they're now using AI
00:14:52 --> 00:14:54 to modify TV interviews in order to
00:14:54 --> 00:14:56 promote their pseudoscientific beliefs
00:14:56 --> 00:14:59 tim Mendum from Australian Skeptic says
00:14:59 --> 00:15:01 a segment from Australia's network 10
00:15:01 --> 00:15:03 which featured skeptic Ken Mloud
00:15:03 --> 00:15:05 debunking the chemtrail myth is the
00:15:05 --> 00:15:07 latest victim of this trend this is a
00:15:07 --> 00:15:10 classic case of the awful use of AI this
00:15:10 --> 00:15:12 was a TV show the morning program that
00:15:12 --> 00:15:14 was pretty much a tabloid type thing
00:15:14 --> 00:15:16 mixture of sort of gossip and rumor and
00:15:16 --> 00:15:18 advertorials and that sort of thing
00:15:18 --> 00:15:20 hitting programs channel 10 are known
00:15:20 --> 00:15:21 for yeah yeah this is probably one of
00:15:21 --> 00:15:23 the hardest hitting programs to have
00:15:23 --> 00:15:24 which is looking at chemtrails right
00:15:24 --> 00:15:27 which is a fairly out there theory that
00:15:27 --> 00:15:29 the government is dropping all sorts of
00:15:29 --> 00:15:32 chemicals or uh chips or something into
00:15:32 --> 00:15:35 the atmosphere from planes to pollute us
00:15:35 --> 00:15:37 all or control our brains or whatever
00:15:37 --> 00:15:38 you drive us crazy whatever it's a
00:15:38 --> 00:15:40 strange one cuz there's a lot of lot of
00:15:40 --> 00:15:42 loopholes of course in reality it's
00:15:42 --> 00:15:44 simply the condensation of water vapor
00:15:44 --> 00:15:46 in the air caused by the disturbance of
00:15:46 --> 00:15:47 the passing plane that's right and
00:15:47 --> 00:15:49 normally titled contrails or
00:15:49 --> 00:15:51 condensation trails people just see
00:15:51 --> 00:15:52 these little clouds in the sky following
00:15:52 --> 00:15:54 planes and some people assume it's sort
00:15:54 --> 00:15:55 of like crop dusting that they're
00:15:55 --> 00:15:56 dropping all sorts of strange things
00:15:56 --> 00:15:58 anyway a story on this channel 10
00:15:58 --> 00:16:00 program TV channel 10 program was
00:16:00 --> 00:16:02 looking at chemtrails and the opening
00:16:02 --> 00:16:03 blurbs describe them as conspiracy
00:16:03 --> 00:16:05 theory allegations blah blah blah now
00:16:05 --> 00:16:07 the people who promote chemtrails and
00:16:07 --> 00:16:08 there was one of them on this program
00:16:08 --> 00:16:10 along with a skeptic who was debunking
00:16:10 --> 00:16:11 what he was saying but the people who
00:16:11 --> 00:16:13 were in favor of chemtrails weren't too
00:16:13 --> 00:16:15 pleased with the fact that this TV
00:16:15 --> 00:16:16 station is saying "Uh-huh probably not
00:16:16 --> 00:16:19 true." So they took the clip of the host
00:16:19 --> 00:16:21 of the program and they dubbed over her
00:16:21 --> 00:16:23 words saying chemtrails are true
00:16:23 --> 00:16:24 chemtrails are affecting us here's the
00:16:24 --> 00:16:26 horror story trying to sort of lip sync
00:16:26 --> 00:16:28 the lips which is not always great on AI
00:16:28 --> 00:16:29 but the voices are getting very good
00:16:29 --> 00:16:31 these days so it's a video clip put on
00:16:31 --> 00:16:33 Facebook this phony sort of dialogue
00:16:33 --> 00:16:35 phony voice over and then they cut to
00:16:35 --> 00:16:37 the chemtrail promoter who was on the
00:16:37 --> 00:16:39 program stating his case conveniently
00:16:39 --> 00:16:41 they leave off the skeptic who was sort
00:16:41 --> 00:16:44 of debunking all those it's a total fake
00:16:44 --> 00:16:46 bad as a fake can get when you think
00:16:46 --> 00:16:48 about it it's so dishonest that I'm
00:16:48 --> 00:16:50 surprised it doesn't border on criminal
00:16:50 --> 00:16:52 yet i mean in a way it does if you've if
00:16:52 --> 00:16:54 Angela Bishop who's the journalist
00:16:54 --> 00:16:55 involved has been misrepresented and
00:16:56 --> 00:16:57 clearly she has I think there's a
00:16:57 --> 00:16:59 there's a good case for legal action oh
00:16:59 --> 00:17:00 yeah i mean the trouble is trying to
00:17:00 --> 00:17:02 track down who actually did it is the
00:17:02 --> 00:17:03 problem i mean there's all sorts of
00:17:03 --> 00:17:05 fakes out there the sort of noted
00:17:05 --> 00:17:07 figures supposedly promoting financial
00:17:07 --> 00:17:09 schemes and I know that the patron of
00:17:09 --> 00:17:10 Australian skeptics Dick Smith who's a
00:17:10 --> 00:17:13 millionaire he's had his vision used and
00:17:13 --> 00:17:15 a voice over that sounds remarkably like
00:17:15 --> 00:17:17 his real voice stating this um
00:17:17 --> 00:17:19 endorsement of this shony financial
00:17:19 --> 00:17:20 scheme that's sort of designed to get
00:17:20 --> 00:17:22 people's money in and sort of probably
00:17:22 --> 00:17:23 probably give no return for it it's
00:17:24 --> 00:17:25 happening a lot it's happening
00:17:25 --> 00:17:26 increasingly so it's dangerous it's
00:17:26 --> 00:17:28 going to be a great excuse for
00:17:28 --> 00:17:29 politicians in the future though isn't
00:17:29 --> 00:17:31 it well it already is yeah that's not me
00:17:31 --> 00:17:33 that's fake news that's a fake video and
00:17:33 --> 00:17:34 some of them are totally fake videos the
00:17:34 --> 00:17:36 image is fake and the and the voice over
00:17:36 --> 00:17:38 the audio is fake so this is
00:17:38 --> 00:17:40 unfortunately a big danger of things so
00:17:40 --> 00:17:41 therefore it's hard enough to say to
00:17:41 --> 00:17:43 people from a skeptic don't always
00:17:43 --> 00:17:45 believe what you see look into it
00:17:45 --> 00:17:46 closely but here if you got an image of
00:17:46 --> 00:17:48 someone who is a genuine image in this
00:17:48 --> 00:17:50 case with a false voice although it
00:17:50 --> 00:17:51 sounds like their voice stating a case
00:17:51 --> 00:17:53 which they never stated it is an issue
00:17:53 --> 00:17:55 the major issue is not just a silly
00:17:55 --> 00:17:56 little thing it actually becomes quite
00:17:56 --> 00:17:58 serious and the implications of this are
00:17:58 --> 00:17:59 huge it's certainly one of the dangers
00:18:00 --> 00:18:01 of AI that these things can happen this
00:18:02 --> 00:18:03 should go under existing consumer
00:18:03 --> 00:18:05 affairs law it's liable slander misuse
00:18:05 --> 00:18:07 of information image theft it's data
00:18:07 --> 00:18:09 theft it's all sorts of things so this
00:18:09 --> 00:18:11 one should be already available if they
00:18:11 --> 00:18:13 bother to follow up on it and that's the
00:18:13 --> 00:18:14 problem that's Tim Minham from
00:18:14 --> 00:18:18 Australian Skeptics
00:18:18 --> 00:18:26 [Music]
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