SpaceTime Series 28 Episode 01
Webb Telescope Confirms Hubble Tension
The James Webb Space Telescope has confirmed the Hubble Tension, challenging the current understanding of cosmic theory. New observations reveal that the Universe is expanding faster now than during its early years, suggesting gaps in our understanding of cosmic physics. The study, led by Adam Rees and Thomas Barber, confirms the accuracy of Hubble's measurements, pointing to unknown factors in the Universe's expansion.
Liquid Erosion on Asteroid Vesta
A new hypothesis proposes that liquids could have carved out gullies on the airless asteroid Vesta. Laboratory experiments suggest that briny liquids, rather than dry debris flows, may have formed these features. This study, reported in the Planetary Science Journal, provides insights into the geological processes on Vesta.
New Year's Day Fireworks on Mars
While Earth celebrates New Year's Day, Mars experiences its own fireworks with explosive spring thaws. The Martian northern hemisphere is undergoing dynamic surface changes, including frost avalanches and gas geysers. These phenomena offer a unique glimpse into the seasonal cycles on the Red Planet.
00:00 This is space Time Series 28, Episode 1, for broadcast on January 1 2025
00:52 Measurement discrepancy between Hubble and Webb on Universe's expansion remains unexplained
13:51 The Martian northern hemisphere is going through an active, even explosive spring thaw
21:17 New study shows teen smoking increases risk of heart disease later in life
23:54 Software update will turn AirPods Pro 2 into therapeutic grade hearing aid
28:32 TechRadar released its annual Top of the Pops list this year
29:51 TechRadar said the Apple Vision Pro was the biggest flop of 2024
31:21 Space Time with Stuart Gary is available on many podcasting platforms
www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com (https://www.bitesz.com/nordvpn) . Enjoy incredible discounts and bonuses! Plus, it’s risk-free with Nord’s 30-day money-back guarantee! ✌
Check out our newest sponsor - Old Glory - Iconic Music and Sports Merc (https://www.bitesz.com/oldglory) h and now with official NASA merchandise. Well worth a look...
Become a supporter of this Podcast for as little as $3 per month and access commercial-free episodes plus bonuses: https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/abou (https://www.spacetimewithstuartgary.com/about) t
✍️ Episode References
Astrophysical Journal
[https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/](https://iopscience.iop.org/journal/)
Planetary Science Journal
[https://psj.aas.org/](https://psj.aas.org/)
NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter
[https://mars.nasa.gov/mro/](https://mars.nasa.gov/mro/)
American College of Cardiology
[https://www.jacc.org/](https://www.jacc.org/)
Australian Zoologist
[https://www.rzsnsw.org.au/](https://www.rzsnsw.org.au/)
Journal Interface
Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support (https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/spacetime-with-stuart-gary--2458531/support?utm_source=rss&utm_medium=rss&utm_campaign=rss) .
Episode link: https://play.headliner.app/episode/24872412?utm_source=youtube
00:00:00 --> 00:00:03 this is spacetime series 28 episode 1
00:00:03 --> 00:00:06 for broadcast on the 1st of January 2025
00:00:06 --> 00:00:09 happy New Year coming up on SpaceTime
00:00:09 --> 00:00:12 the web Space Telescope confirms Hubble
00:00:12 --> 00:00:14 tension in the process challenging
00:00:14 --> 00:00:17 existing Cosmic Theory a new hypothesis
00:00:17 --> 00:00:19 to explain how liquids could erode out
00:00:19 --> 00:00:21 gullies on the surface of the airless
00:00:21 --> 00:00:24 asteroid Vesta and it's New Year's Day
00:00:24 --> 00:00:26 on Earth but it seems the real fireworks
00:00:26 --> 00:00:29 are happening on Mars all that and more
00:00:29 --> 00:00:31 coming up on
00:00:31 --> 00:00:35 SpaceTime welcome to SpaceTime with
00:00:35 --> 00:00:37 Stuart
00:00:37 --> 00:00:43 [Music]
00:00:51 --> 00:00:54 Gary new observations from the webspace
00:00:54 --> 00:00:56 telescope suggest that a new feature in
00:00:56 --> 00:00:58 the universe and not a florid telescope
00:00:58 --> 00:01:00 measurements could be behind the decades
00:01:00 --> 00:01:02 long mystery of why the universe is
00:01:02 --> 00:01:04 expanding faster today than what it did
00:01:04 --> 00:01:07 during its infancy billions of years ago
00:01:07 --> 00:01:09 the new web data confirms Hubble Space
00:01:09 --> 00:01:11 Telescope measurements of distances
00:01:11 --> 00:01:14 between nearby stars and galaxies in the
00:01:14 --> 00:01:16 process offering a crucial cross check
00:01:16 --> 00:01:18 to address the mismatching measurements
00:01:18 --> 00:01:21 on the universe's mysterious expansion
00:01:21 --> 00:01:22 known as the Hubble tension this
00:01:22 --> 00:01:25 discrepancy remains unexplained even by
00:01:25 --> 00:01:28 the best cosmological models in fact the
00:01:28 --> 00:01:30 more accurate the observations are are
00:01:30 --> 00:01:32 the wider the Gap seems to be the
00:01:32 --> 00:01:34 discrepancy between the observed
00:01:34 --> 00:01:36 expansion rate of the universe and
00:01:36 --> 00:01:37 predictions according to the standard
00:01:37 --> 00:01:39 model suggests that science's
00:01:39 --> 00:01:41 understanding of the universe must be
00:01:41 --> 00:01:44 incomplete the study's authors Adam Ree
00:01:44 --> 00:01:46 and Thomas Barber from the Johns Hopkins
00:01:46 --> 00:01:48 University say the two NASA Flagship
00:01:48 --> 00:01:50 telescopes web and Hubble now confirm
00:01:50 --> 00:01:53 each other's findings and astronomers
00:01:53 --> 00:01:54 need to take this hble tension problem
00:01:54 --> 00:01:57 very seriously the new research reported
00:01:57 --> 00:01:59 in the astrophysical journal Builds on
00:02:00 --> 00:02:02 is Nobel prizewinning discovery that the
00:02:02 --> 00:02:03 universe's rate of expansion is
00:02:03 --> 00:02:06 accelerating owing to a mysterious Force
00:02:06 --> 00:02:08 which astronomers call dark energy which
00:02:08 --> 00:02:10 is permeating vast stretches of space
00:02:10 --> 00:02:12 between stars and
00:02:12 --> 00:02:15 galaxies understanding Dark Energy will
00:02:15 --> 00:02:17 not only provide a more complete picture
00:02:17 --> 00:02:19 of the universe it'll also tell us what
00:02:19 --> 00:02:22 our ultimate fate will be will the
00:02:22 --> 00:02:24 universe eventually stop expanding and
00:02:24 --> 00:02:25 start Contracting under Gravity
00:02:26 --> 00:02:28 eventually ending in a big crunch or
00:02:28 --> 00:02:30 will the r of expansion simply slowed
00:02:30 --> 00:02:32 down in the long term eventually
00:02:32 --> 00:02:34 reaching a steady state based on our
00:02:35 --> 00:02:36 limited understanding of dark energy
00:02:36 --> 00:02:39 both these options have been ruled out
00:02:39 --> 00:02:41 and that leaves two more possibilities
00:02:42 --> 00:02:45 the big freeze and the Big Rip neither
00:02:45 --> 00:02:47 of which are especially appetizing the
00:02:47 --> 00:02:49 big freeze will see the universe
00:02:49 --> 00:02:52 expanding forever eventually all the
00:02:52 --> 00:02:54 stars we see in the night sky will be
00:02:54 --> 00:02:56 Beyond The Cosmic Horizon and the
00:02:56 --> 00:02:59 universe will appear empty leaving us
00:02:59 --> 00:03:01 alone in the Cosmos but a far more
00:03:01 --> 00:03:03 disturbing possibility is that the rate
00:03:03 --> 00:03:05 of accelerated expansion will continue
00:03:05 --> 00:03:07 to increase eventually not only will
00:03:07 --> 00:03:09 galaxies move away from each other's
00:03:09 --> 00:03:11 line of sight but Stars within the
00:03:11 --> 00:03:13 galaxies will move away from each other
00:03:13 --> 00:03:15 as well and as the strength of dark
00:03:15 --> 00:03:17 energy continues to increase ultimately
00:03:17 --> 00:03:20 even atoms will be torn apart with a
00:03:20 --> 00:03:23 final Act seeing quarks ripped apart
00:03:23 --> 00:03:24 from their
00:03:24 --> 00:03:28 gluons this is the Big Rip so
00:03:28 --> 00:03:29 understanding dark energy in the Hubble
00:03:29 --> 00:03:31 tension is important for understanding
00:03:31 --> 00:03:33 the ultimate fate of our
00:03:33 --> 00:03:36 universe to try and get there recent
00:03:36 --> 00:03:37 colleagues have been using the largest
00:03:37 --> 00:03:39 sample of web data collected over the
00:03:39 --> 00:03:42 first two years of its operations this
00:03:42 --> 00:03:44 allowed them to verify the Hubble
00:03:44 --> 00:03:45 telescopes measurements for the
00:03:45 --> 00:03:47 expansion rate of the universe a number
00:03:47 --> 00:03:50 known as the Hubble constant they Ed
00:03:50 --> 00:03:51 three different methods to measure
00:03:51 --> 00:03:53 distances to galaxies that hosted
00:03:53 --> 00:03:55 Supernova focusing on distances which
00:03:56 --> 00:03:57 had previously been gauged by the Hubble
00:03:57 --> 00:03:59 telescope and known to produce the most
00:03:59 --> 00:04:01 accurate local measurements to this
00:04:01 --> 00:04:03 number and the observations of both
00:04:03 --> 00:04:06 telescopes align closely with each other
00:04:06 --> 00:04:08 revealing that Hubble's measurements are
00:04:08 --> 00:04:10 accurate and ruling out any possibility
00:04:10 --> 00:04:12 of an inaccuracy large enough to
00:04:12 --> 00:04:14 attribute the Hubble tension to Simply
00:04:14 --> 00:04:17 an error still the Hubble constant
00:04:17 --> 00:04:18 remains a puzzle because measurements
00:04:18 --> 00:04:20 based on the telescope's observations of
00:04:20 --> 00:04:22 the present Universe produce higher
00:04:22 --> 00:04:24 values compared to projections made
00:04:24 --> 00:04:26 using the standard model of cosmology a
00:04:26 --> 00:04:28 widely accepted framework for How the
00:04:28 --> 00:04:31 Universe Works calibrated with data from
00:04:31 --> 00:04:32 the cosmic microwave background
00:04:32 --> 00:04:35 radiation the faint Afterglow of the Big
00:04:35 --> 00:04:38 Bang itself 13.8 billion years ago the
00:04:38 --> 00:04:40 standard model of cosmology yields a
00:04:40 --> 00:04:44 Hubble constant of around 67 to 68 km/s
00:04:44 --> 00:04:47 per MEAP Parc while measurements based
00:04:47 --> 00:04:49 on Hubble Telescope observations and our
00:04:49 --> 00:04:51 observations using web give far higher
00:04:51 --> 00:04:55 values of between 70 and 76 km/s per
00:04:55 --> 00:04:59 MEAP Parc with 73 km/s per MEAP Parc
00:04:59 --> 00:05:01 being taken as the average now this
00:05:01 --> 00:05:03 mismatch has perplex cosmologist for
00:05:03 --> 00:05:07 well over a decade because 5 to 6 km/s
00:05:07 --> 00:05:09 per MEAP difference is simply too large
00:05:09 --> 00:05:11 to be explained by flaws in measurements
00:05:11 --> 00:05:14 or observational techniques by the way a
00:05:14 --> 00:05:17 mega Parc equates to 3.26 million light
00:05:17 --> 00:05:20 years a Parc itself being 3.26 light
00:05:20 --> 00:05:22 years and a lightyear being
00:05:22 --> 00:05:25 approximately 9.4 trillion kilm the
00:05:25 --> 00:05:27 distance of photon travels in a year at
00:05:27 --> 00:05:29 the speed of light which is 300 km
00:05:29 --> 00:05:32 second in a vacuum research team suggest
00:05:32 --> 00:05:34 that since web's new data rules out
00:05:34 --> 00:05:36 significant biases in Hubble's
00:05:36 --> 00:05:38 measurements the Hubble tension may stem
00:05:38 --> 00:05:40 from unknown factors gaps in
00:05:40 --> 00:05:42 cosmologists understanding of the
00:05:42 --> 00:05:44 physics of the universe this new study
00:05:44 --> 00:05:46 covered roughly a third of Hubble's full
00:05:46 --> 00:05:48 Galaxy sample using the known distance
00:05:48 --> 00:05:52 to a Galaxy called NGC 4258 as a basic
00:05:52 --> 00:05:54 reference point now despite the smaller
00:05:54 --> 00:05:57 data set the authors achieved impressive
00:05:57 --> 00:05:58 Precision showing a difference between
00:05:58 --> 00:06:01 measurements of under 2% that's far
00:06:01 --> 00:06:03 smaller on the approximately 8 to 9%
00:06:03 --> 00:06:06 size of the Hubble tension discrepancy
00:06:06 --> 00:06:07 in addition to their analysis of
00:06:07 --> 00:06:09 pulsating Stars called seate variables
00:06:09 --> 00:06:11 the gold standard for measuring Cosmic
00:06:11 --> 00:06:13 distances the team cross check
00:06:13 --> 00:06:15 measurements based on carbon R stars and
00:06:15 --> 00:06:17 the brightest red giants across the same
00:06:18 --> 00:06:20 galaxies all galaxies observed by web
00:06:20 --> 00:06:22 together with their Supernova yielded a
00:06:22 --> 00:06:26 Hubble constant of 72.6 km/s per megap
00:06:26 --> 00:06:29 Parc nearly identical to the value of 72
00:06:29 --> 00:06:32 .8 km/s per MEAP Parc found by Hubble
00:06:32 --> 00:06:35 for the very same galaxies the combined
00:06:35 --> 00:06:37 measurements make for the most precise
00:06:37 --> 00:06:39 determination yet about the accuracy of
00:06:39 --> 00:06:41 the distances measured using the Hubble
00:06:41 --> 00:06:43 telescope sephi Stars which are
00:06:43 --> 00:06:45 fundamental for determining the Hubble
00:06:45 --> 00:06:47 constant the Hubble constant reveals the
00:06:47 --> 00:06:49 evolution of the Universe on extremely
00:06:49 --> 00:06:52 large scales with vast areas of space
00:06:52 --> 00:06:54 itself stretching and pushing distant
00:06:54 --> 00:06:56 galaxies away from one another sort of
00:06:56 --> 00:06:59 like raisins in a raising dough it is a
00:06:59 --> 00:07:01 key value scientists used to map the
00:07:01 --> 00:07:03 structure of the universe deepen our
00:07:03 --> 00:07:05 understanding of its state 13.8 billion
00:07:05 --> 00:07:08 years after the big bang and calculate
00:07:08 --> 00:07:10 other fundamental aspects of the cosmos
00:07:10 --> 00:07:12 resolving the Hubble tension could
00:07:12 --> 00:07:13 reveal new insights into more
00:07:13 --> 00:07:15 discrepancies with a standard
00:07:15 --> 00:07:16 cosmological model which have come to
00:07:17 --> 00:07:19 light in recent years now the standard
00:07:19 --> 00:07:21 model basically explains the evolution
00:07:21 --> 00:07:23 of galaxies the cosmic microwave
00:07:23 --> 00:07:25 background radiation from The Big Bang
00:07:25 --> 00:07:27 the abundances of chemical elements in
00:07:27 --> 00:07:29 the universe and many other key observ
00:07:29 --> 00:07:31 ations based on the known laws of
00:07:31 --> 00:07:33 physics however there are lots of things
00:07:33 --> 00:07:35 it doesn't do for example it can't
00:07:36 --> 00:07:37 explain the nature of dark matter or
00:07:37 --> 00:07:40 dark energy two key mysterious
00:07:40 --> 00:07:41 components of the universe which are
00:07:41 --> 00:07:44 estimated to be responsible for 96% of
00:07:44 --> 00:07:47 its makeup and accelerated expansion now
00:07:47 --> 00:07:48 the authors think one possible
00:07:48 --> 00:07:51 explanation for Hubble tension could be
00:07:51 --> 00:07:53 that there's something missing in our
00:07:53 --> 00:07:55 understanding of the early Universe
00:07:55 --> 00:07:57 possibly some new component of matter a
00:07:57 --> 00:07:59 sort of early dark energy that gave the
00:07:59 --> 00:08:01 universe an unexpected kick after the
00:08:01 --> 00:08:04 big bang other ideas include funny Dark
00:08:04 --> 00:08:06 Matter properties exotic unknown
00:08:06 --> 00:08:09 particles changing electron masses or
00:08:09 --> 00:08:12 primordial magnetic fields but all of
00:08:12 --> 00:08:13 these are just
00:08:13 --> 00:08:17 hypotheses this is space time still to
00:08:17 --> 00:08:19 come how liquids could carve out gullies
00:08:19 --> 00:08:21 on the airless surface of the asteroid
00:08:21 --> 00:08:23 Vesta and tracking New Year's day on
00:08:23 --> 00:08:25 Mars you think Earth's New Year
00:08:25 --> 00:08:27 celebrations are something that's
00:08:27 --> 00:08:28 nothing compared to what the red planet
00:08:28 --> 00:08:31 gives us all that and more still to come
00:08:31 --> 00:08:34 on
00:08:34 --> 00:08:47 [Music]
00:08:47 --> 00:08:50 SpaceTime parked with craters the
00:08:50 --> 00:08:51 surfaces of many celestial bodies
00:08:51 --> 00:08:53 throughout our solar system provide
00:08:53 --> 00:08:56 astronomers with clear evidence of a 4.6
00:08:56 --> 00:08:58 billion year battering by meteoroids
00:08:58 --> 00:09:01 asteroids comets space debris but on
00:09:01 --> 00:09:03 some worlds including the giant maint
00:09:03 --> 00:09:05 asteroid Vesta which was visited by
00:09:05 --> 00:09:08 NASA's Dawn spacecraft the surface also
00:09:08 --> 00:09:10 contains deep channels or gullies and
00:09:11 --> 00:09:13 the origins of those are not fully
00:09:13 --> 00:09:15 understood one hypothesis holds that
00:09:15 --> 00:09:17 they were formed by dry debris flows
00:09:17 --> 00:09:19 driven by geophysical processes such as
00:09:19 --> 00:09:21 meteoroid impacts and changes in
00:09:21 --> 00:09:24 temperature due to exposure to the sun
00:09:24 --> 00:09:26 however a new study reported in the
00:09:26 --> 00:09:28 planetary science journal provides some
00:09:28 --> 00:09:30 evidence that impacts on Vesta may have
00:09:30 --> 00:09:32 been triggered by a less obvious
00:09:32 --> 00:09:34 geological process namely sudden and
00:09:34 --> 00:09:37 brief flows of liquid water that carved
00:09:37 --> 00:09:39 out gullies and deposited fans of
00:09:39 --> 00:09:41 sediment the new ideas are based on lab
00:09:42 --> 00:09:43 experiments designed to mimic conditions
00:09:43 --> 00:09:46 on Vesta the Nessa study detailed for
00:09:46 --> 00:09:48 the first time what liquid water could
00:09:48 --> 00:09:50 be made to do and how long it would flow
00:09:50 --> 00:09:53 before freezing although the existence
00:09:53 --> 00:09:55 of Frozen brine deposits on Vestor is
00:09:55 --> 00:09:57 unconfirmed scientists have previously
00:09:57 --> 00:10:00 hypothesized that meteor impacts could
00:10:00 --> 00:10:02 have exposed and melted ice that lay
00:10:02 --> 00:10:04 Frozen under the surface of Worlds like
00:10:04 --> 00:10:07 Vesta now in that scenario flows
00:10:07 --> 00:10:09 resulting from this process could have
00:10:09 --> 00:10:11 eroded or etched out gullies and other
00:10:11 --> 00:10:13 surface features which resemble those
00:10:13 --> 00:10:15 seen here on Earth the problem is no
00:10:15 --> 00:10:17 one's quite worked out how a Celestial
00:10:17 --> 00:10:19 body which doesn't have an atmosphere
00:10:19 --> 00:10:21 and is exposed to the intense vacuum of
00:10:21 --> 00:10:23 space could host liquids on its surface
00:10:23 --> 00:10:25 long enough for them to flow and erode
00:10:25 --> 00:10:28 Away part of that surface see such a
00:10:28 --> 00:10:30 process would run contrary to our
00:10:30 --> 00:10:32 current understanding that liquids
00:10:32 --> 00:10:34 quickly destabilize in a vacuum
00:10:34 --> 00:10:36 sublimating directly from a solid ice to
00:10:36 --> 00:10:39 a gas when the pressure drops one of the
00:10:39 --> 00:10:40 study's authors Jennifer Scully from
00:10:41 --> 00:10:42 NASA jet propulsion laboratory in
00:10:42 --> 00:10:44 pasadina California says the new
00:10:44 --> 00:10:46 experiment show that not only can
00:10:46 --> 00:10:48 impacts trigger flows of liquids on the
00:10:48 --> 00:10:50 surface but these liquids do remain
00:10:50 --> 00:10:52 active long enough to create specific
00:10:52 --> 00:10:55 surface features she says most liquids
00:10:55 --> 00:10:57 become unstable quickly on these airless
00:10:57 --> 00:10:59 bodies with a vacuum of space is
00:10:59 --> 00:11:02 unyielding but it turns out the critical
00:11:02 --> 00:11:04 component to change all this is sodium
00:11:04 --> 00:11:07 chloride in other words table salt the
00:11:07 --> 00:11:08 experiments showed that uncond
00:11:08 --> 00:11:10 conditions like those seen on Vesta pure
00:11:10 --> 00:11:12 water would freeze almost instantly on
00:11:12 --> 00:11:15 the other hand Briny liquid stayed fluid
00:11:15 --> 00:11:17 for at least an hour and that's long
00:11:17 --> 00:11:19 enough to form the erosion flows
00:11:19 --> 00:11:21 associated with feat's identified
00:11:21 --> 00:11:22 investor which are estimated to require
00:11:22 --> 00:11:25 at least half an hour launched back in
00:11:25 --> 00:11:28 2007 NASA's Dawn spacecraft traveled to
00:11:28 --> 00:11:30 the main asteroid built between Mars and
00:11:30 --> 00:11:33 Jupiter an orbited Vesta for 14 months
00:11:33 --> 00:11:34 before moving onto the dwarf planet
00:11:34 --> 00:11:37 series where it orbited for another 4
00:11:37 --> 00:11:40 years before ending its mission in 2018
00:11:40 --> 00:11:42 scientists uncovered evidence that Sirus
00:11:42 --> 00:11:44 had been home to a subsurface reservoir
00:11:44 --> 00:11:46 of Briney water and may still be
00:11:46 --> 00:11:48 transferring BRS from its interior to
00:11:48 --> 00:11:51 its surface today the study's lead
00:11:51 --> 00:11:53 author Michael Pon from the southwest
00:11:53 --> 00:11:55 Research Institute in San Antonio Texas
00:11:55 --> 00:11:57 says the new research offers insights
00:11:57 --> 00:12:00 into the processes on series but focuses
00:12:00 --> 00:12:03 also on Vesta where ice and salts May
00:12:03 --> 00:12:05 produce Briny liquids when heated by an
00:12:05 --> 00:12:08 asteroid impact to recreate Vestal likee
00:12:08 --> 00:12:10 conditions that would occur following a
00:12:10 --> 00:12:12 micrometeoroid impact the authors relied
00:12:12 --> 00:12:14 on a test chamber at JPL called the
00:12:14 --> 00:12:17 Dirty under vacuum simulation test bed
00:12:17 --> 00:12:20 for Icy elements or Dusty for short by
00:12:20 --> 00:12:22 rapidly reducing the air pressure
00:12:22 --> 00:12:24 surrounding samples of liquid they mimic
00:12:24 --> 00:12:26 the environment around fluids that float
00:12:26 --> 00:12:30 onto the vest surface EXP to vacuum
00:12:30 --> 00:12:32 conditions pure water froze instantly
00:12:32 --> 00:12:35 but salty fluids hung around much longer
00:12:35 --> 00:12:37 continuing to flow before freezing now
00:12:37 --> 00:12:39 the brins they experimented with were
00:12:39 --> 00:12:41 just a few centimeters deep while the
00:12:41 --> 00:12:43 flows on Vesta were meters to tens of
00:12:43 --> 00:12:44 meters deep and so would have taken even
00:12:44 --> 00:12:47 longer to refreeze the authors were also
00:12:47 --> 00:12:49 able to recreate the lids of Frozen
00:12:49 --> 00:12:51 material thought to form on top of the
00:12:51 --> 00:12:54 brins now essentially a Frozen top layer
00:12:54 --> 00:12:56 the lids stabilize the liquid beneath
00:12:56 --> 00:12:58 them protecting them from exposure to
00:12:58 --> 00:13:00 the vacuum of space or in this case the
00:13:00 --> 00:13:03 vacuum of the dusty chamber and hoping
00:13:03 --> 00:13:04 the liquid to flow longer before
00:13:04 --> 00:13:06 freezing again this phenomenon is
00:13:06 --> 00:13:09 similar to how on Earth lava flows
00:13:09 --> 00:13:11 further inside Lava Tubes than what it
00:13:11 --> 00:13:13 does when exposed to cool surface
00:13:13 --> 00:13:15 temperatures it also matches up with
00:13:15 --> 00:13:17 modeling research conducted around
00:13:17 --> 00:13:19 potential mud volcanoes on Mars and
00:13:19 --> 00:13:21 volcanoes that may have spewed icing
00:13:21 --> 00:13:23 material from geers on the Jovian Moon
00:13:23 --> 00:13:26 Europa Scully says these results
00:13:26 --> 00:13:28 contribute to a growing body of work
00:13:28 --> 00:13:29 that uses lab exper experiments to
00:13:29 --> 00:13:31 better understand how long liquids last
00:13:31 --> 00:13:36 on a variety of Worlds this is spacetime
00:13:36 --> 00:13:38 still to come you think New Year E5
00:13:38 --> 00:13:40 works on Earth can be spectacular that's
00:13:40 --> 00:13:42 nothing compared to what happens on Mars
00:13:42 --> 00:13:45 and later in the science report a new
00:13:45 --> 00:13:47 study shows that artificial intelligence
00:13:47 --> 00:13:50 may be able to identify people simply
00:13:50 --> 00:13:52 based on how they walk all that and more
00:13:52 --> 00:13:56 still to come on SpaceTime
00:13:56 --> 00:14:02 [Music]
00:14:10 --> 00:14:11 New Year's Eve celebrations on Earth
00:14:11 --> 00:14:13 usually include
00:14:13 --> 00:14:15 fireworks that's nothing compared to
00:14:15 --> 00:14:17 what happens on the red planet
00:14:17 --> 00:14:19 Mars right now the Martian northern
00:14:19 --> 00:14:21 hemisphere is going through an active
00:14:21 --> 00:14:24 even explosive spring Thor the red
00:14:24 --> 00:14:26 planet completed its trip around the sun
00:14:26 --> 00:14:28 on November the 12th prompting a few
00:14:28 --> 00:14:30 researchers to raise a toast but the
00:14:30 --> 00:14:33 Martian year which is 687 Earth days
00:14:33 --> 00:14:35 long ends in a very different way to
00:14:35 --> 00:14:38 what we experience here on Earth while
00:14:38 --> 00:14:40 planet Earth's northern hemisphere is
00:14:40 --> 00:14:41 going through a winter wonderland the
00:14:42 --> 00:14:43 Martian northern hemisphere is seeing
00:14:43 --> 00:14:46 Rising temperatures and Ice thoring
00:14:46 --> 00:14:48 leading to frost Avalanches crashing
00:14:48 --> 00:14:50 down cliffsides carbon dioxide gas
00:14:50 --> 00:14:52 exploding from the ground and powerful
00:14:52 --> 00:14:54 winds helping reshape the red planet's
00:14:54 --> 00:14:58 North Pole Serena Dena from Nas's jet
00:14:58 --> 00:14:59 propulsion Laboratory in passing into
00:14:59 --> 00:15:02 California says on Mars the spring
00:15:02 --> 00:15:04 happens with a bang the red planet's
00:15:04 --> 00:15:07 wispy atmosphere which just 199 the
00:15:07 --> 00:15:09 atmospheric pressure of Earth doesn't
00:15:09 --> 00:15:11 allow liquids to pull on the surface
00:15:11 --> 00:15:13 like it does here on Earth instead of
00:15:13 --> 00:15:15 melting ice sublimates turning directly
00:15:15 --> 00:15:18 from a solid into a gas and this sudden
00:15:18 --> 00:15:20 transition in Spring means a lot of
00:15:20 --> 00:15:23 violent changes as both water ice and
00:15:23 --> 00:15:25 carbon dioxide ice which is much more
00:15:25 --> 00:15:26 plentiful in mass than frozen water
00:15:26 --> 00:15:29 weakens and breaks that means lots of
00:15:29 --> 00:15:32 cracks and explosions instead of melting
00:15:32 --> 00:15:33 using the cameras and other scientific
00:15:33 --> 00:15:35 instruments aboard NASA's Mars
00:15:35 --> 00:15:37 reconnaissance orbit of spacecraft
00:15:37 --> 00:15:39 scientists studying the marsh and spring
00:15:39 --> 00:15:41 have been seeing some Dynamic surface
00:15:41 --> 00:15:43 changes in 2015 the probe's high
00:15:43 --> 00:15:45 resolution imaging science experiment
00:15:45 --> 00:15:48 camera captured a 20 M wide chunk of
00:15:48 --> 00:15:51 carbon dioxide Frost in freefall Dena
00:15:51 --> 00:15:53 says chance observations like this are
00:15:53 --> 00:15:56 reminders of just how different Mars is
00:15:56 --> 00:15:58 from Earth especially in springtime when
00:15:58 --> 00:16:00 the surface changes in the red planet
00:16:00 --> 00:16:02 are most noticeable another Quirk of the
00:16:02 --> 00:16:05 marsh and Springtime are gas geisers
00:16:05 --> 00:16:07 which blast out of the surface throwing
00:16:07 --> 00:16:10 out dark fans of sand and dust see as
00:16:10 --> 00:16:13 the sunlight shines through the ice its
00:16:13 --> 00:16:15 very bottom layers turn into a gas that
00:16:15 --> 00:16:17 gas continues to build and build
00:16:17 --> 00:16:19 pressure until it eventually bursts
00:16:19 --> 00:16:21 through the ice and into the air
00:16:21 --> 00:16:23 creating dark fans of material but to
00:16:23 --> 00:16:26 see the best examples of these fans
00:16:26 --> 00:16:27 researchers will need to wait until
00:16:27 --> 00:16:29 December this year
00:16:29 --> 00:16:31 that's when spring starts in the marshan
00:16:31 --> 00:16:34 southern hemisphere there the fans are
00:16:34 --> 00:16:37 bigger and far more clearly defined once
00:16:37 --> 00:16:39 all the ice around the northern geers is
00:16:39 --> 00:16:41 sublimated in summer What's Left Behind
00:16:41 --> 00:16:44 in the dirt a scal marks that from space
00:16:44 --> 00:16:47 look like giant spider EGS for Isaac
00:16:47 --> 00:16:49 Smith from Toronto's York University one
00:16:49 --> 00:16:51 of the most fascinating subjects in
00:16:51 --> 00:16:54 springtime is the Texas siiz ice cap at
00:16:54 --> 00:16:57 the Maran North Pole etched into the icy
00:16:57 --> 00:16:59 Dome a swirling troughs revealing traces
00:16:59 --> 00:17:02 of the red surface below he describes
00:17:02 --> 00:17:04 this effect as looking a lot like a
00:17:04 --> 00:17:07 swirl of milk in a cafe latte Smith says
00:17:07 --> 00:17:10 the swirls are enormous some as long as
00:17:10 --> 00:17:12 California now you can find similar
00:17:12 --> 00:17:14 swirls in Antarctica here on Earth but
00:17:14 --> 00:17:17 nothing on the scale of Mars it seems
00:17:17 --> 00:17:20 fast Warm Winds carve out the spiral
00:17:20 --> 00:17:22 shapes over eons and the troughs act as
00:17:23 --> 00:17:24 channels for Springtime wind gusts that
00:17:24 --> 00:17:26 become more powerful as the ice at the
00:17:26 --> 00:17:29 North Pole starts to Thor just like the
00:17:29 --> 00:17:31 S Ana winds of Southern California or
00:17:31 --> 00:17:33 the shinook Winds of the Rocky Mountains
00:17:33 --> 00:17:35 these gusts pick up speed and
00:17:35 --> 00:17:36 temperature as they ride down the
00:17:36 --> 00:17:39 troughs in what's called an adiabatic
00:17:39 --> 00:17:41 process the winds that carve the
00:17:41 --> 00:17:43 northern Pole's troughs also reshape
00:17:43 --> 00:17:46 marshan sand Junes causing sand to pile
00:17:46 --> 00:17:48 up on one side while removing it from
00:17:48 --> 00:17:50 the other now over time this process
00:17:50 --> 00:17:53 causes the Junes to migrate just as wind
00:17:53 --> 00:17:55 does with sand Junes here on Earth last
00:17:55 --> 00:17:57 September Smith co-authored a paper
00:17:57 --> 00:17:59 detailing how car carb dioxide Frost
00:17:59 --> 00:18:01 settles on top of the Polar sand dunes
00:18:01 --> 00:18:04 during winter freezing them in place
00:18:04 --> 00:18:06 then when the frost all THS away during
00:18:06 --> 00:18:08 the Spring the Junes begin to migrate
00:18:08 --> 00:18:11 again Dena says each Northern spring is
00:18:11 --> 00:18:13 a little different with variations
00:18:13 --> 00:18:15 leading to ice sublimating faster or
00:18:15 --> 00:18:17 slower controlling the pace of all these
00:18:17 --> 00:18:20 phenomena on the Martian
00:18:20 --> 00:18:22 surface here on Earth We're entering the
00:18:22 --> 00:18:24 new year we've also entered the new year
00:18:24 --> 00:18:27 on Mars and with the change of seasons
00:18:27 --> 00:18:29 Mars has a lot of great activ
00:18:29 --> 00:18:32 Avalanches creeping sand dunes exploding
00:18:32 --> 00:18:37 jets of gas that may even create some
00:18:37 --> 00:18:39 spiders the Martian New Year happened in
00:18:39 --> 00:18:40 November and my friends and I got
00:18:40 --> 00:18:43 together to celebrate while it's winter
00:18:43 --> 00:18:45 here at NASA's jet propulsion laboratory
00:18:45 --> 00:18:47 the Martian New Year starts at
00:18:47 --> 00:18:49 Springtime in the northern hemisphere
00:18:49 --> 00:18:51 increased sunlight warms up that winter
00:18:51 --> 00:18:54 ice which is mostly Frozen carbon
00:18:54 --> 00:18:56 dioxide which you probably know as dry
00:18:56 --> 00:18:59 ice so one of the ways that we can track
00:18:59 --> 00:19:01 the springtime changes on Mars is with
00:19:01 --> 00:19:03 NASA's Mars reconnaissance Orbiter or as
00:19:03 --> 00:19:07 we call it mro as mro flies over the
00:19:07 --> 00:19:09 polar regions it can study the polar ice
00:19:09 --> 00:19:12 cap which grows in the fall and winter
00:19:12 --> 00:19:14 and then retreats in the spring
00:19:14 --> 00:19:17 increased sunlight in the spring warms
00:19:17 --> 00:19:19 up that winter ice causing large
00:19:19 --> 00:19:22 Avalanches near the North Pole ice and
00:19:22 --> 00:19:25 dust chunks from the cliff sides plummet
00:19:25 --> 00:19:28 down the slope Springtime warming also
00:19:28 --> 00:19:30 wakens sleeping Giants surrounding the
00:19:30 --> 00:19:33 North Pole of Mars are sand dunes that
00:19:33 --> 00:19:36 get completely covered with ice as that
00:19:36 --> 00:19:38 ice is removed in the spring winds are
00:19:39 --> 00:19:41 able to reach the surface allowing the
00:19:41 --> 00:19:43 sand and the dunes to move forward again
00:19:43 --> 00:19:45 as Dunes have been doing on Mars for
00:19:45 --> 00:19:48 millions of years Springtime also brings
00:19:48 --> 00:19:50 a very unearth likee process forming
00:19:50 --> 00:19:54 exploding Jets on Mars carbon dioxide
00:19:54 --> 00:19:57 ice does not melt like water ice instead
00:19:58 --> 00:20:01 it goes from solid straight to a gas on
00:20:01 --> 00:20:03 Mars the seasonal warming causes that
00:20:03 --> 00:20:06 ice to vaporize but from the bottom of
00:20:06 --> 00:20:08 the ice laab high-pressured gas builds
00:20:08 --> 00:20:11 up until it's able to explode out in a
00:20:11 --> 00:20:13 high-pressured geyser spewing gas and
00:20:13 --> 00:20:15 sand and other materials onto the
00:20:15 --> 00:20:18 surface additionally that gases it
00:20:18 --> 00:20:20 escapes sometimes carves tracks into the
00:20:20 --> 00:20:23 Martian surface in the southern
00:20:23 --> 00:20:25 hemisphere we see giant branching
00:20:25 --> 00:20:28 patterns of these tracks which in the ml
00:20:28 --> 00:20:30 images look an awful lot like spiders so
00:20:30 --> 00:20:32 these are just a few of the active
00:20:32 --> 00:20:34 changes that we see on Mars as it enters
00:20:34 --> 00:20:36 into its New Year using images from
00:20:36 --> 00:20:38 spacecraft we can track and compare
00:20:38 --> 00:20:40 these changes year to year helping us
00:20:40 --> 00:20:42 learn more about our planetary neighbor
00:20:42 --> 00:20:47 and its exciting seasonal
00:20:47 --> 00:20:50 Cycles that's Serena Dena from NASA jet
00:20:50 --> 00:20:52 propulsion laboratory in Pasadena
00:20:52 --> 00:20:55 California and this is spacetime
00:20:55 --> 00:21:11 [Music]
00:21:11 --> 00:21:12 and time now to take another brief look
00:21:12 --> 00:21:14 at some of the other stories making new
00:21:14 --> 00:21:16 in science this week with a science
00:21:16 --> 00:21:19 report a new study shows that teen
00:21:19 --> 00:21:21 smoking doesn't just increase the risk
00:21:21 --> 00:21:23 of heart disease later in life it causes
00:21:23 --> 00:21:25 early and Lasting damage to Heart
00:21:25 --> 00:21:27 muscles and their function a report in
00:21:27 --> 00:21:29 the journal's of the American College of
00:21:29 --> 00:21:32 Cardiology analyzed data from
00:21:32 --> 00:21:34 1 adults using complete records of
00:21:34 --> 00:21:37 smoking and heart scans at age
00:21:37 --> 00:21:40 24 they found that tobacco smoking from
00:21:40 --> 00:21:43 age 10 to 24 was associated with a 33 to
00:21:43 --> 00:21:45 52% higher chance of premature
00:21:45 --> 00:21:48 structural and functional heart problems
00:21:48 --> 00:21:50 it was also associated with an increase
00:21:50 --> 00:21:52 in heart Mass even after controlling for
00:21:52 --> 00:21:54 other risk factors the authors say the
00:21:54 --> 00:21:56 increase in heart mass in just a few
00:21:56 --> 00:21:58 years of smoking should convey how
00:21:58 --> 00:22:00 dangerous the consequences of smoking
00:22:00 --> 00:22:03 are for people who continue to smoke
00:22:03 --> 00:22:04 from a young
00:22:04 --> 00:22:07 age scientists are calling for Urgent
00:22:07 --> 00:22:09 action to protect the highly endangered
00:22:09 --> 00:22:11 Palmer wallaby researchers from the
00:22:11 --> 00:22:13 Australian National University are
00:22:13 --> 00:22:15 recommending the creation of more foxf
00:22:15 --> 00:22:17 free safe havens and greater
00:22:17 --> 00:22:18 collaboration between government and
00:22:18 --> 00:22:20 land owners in order to ensure the
00:22:20 --> 00:22:22 survival of this rare endangered species
00:22:23 --> 00:22:25 of WABE a report in the journal
00:22:25 --> 00:22:27 Australian zoologist warns that the
00:22:27 --> 00:22:29 Palmer wabby also Al known as the white
00:22:29 --> 00:22:31 throated wabby is listed as a vulnerable
00:22:31 --> 00:22:33 species in Australia while the
00:22:33 --> 00:22:35 international Union for the conservation
00:22:35 --> 00:22:37 of nature classifies it as near
00:22:37 --> 00:22:40 threatened the rare mupu is only found
00:22:40 --> 00:22:42 along the Great Dividing Range in
00:22:42 --> 00:22:44 Northern New South
00:22:44 --> 00:22:46 Wales a new study has shown that
00:22:46 --> 00:22:49 artificial intelligence may be able to
00:22:49 --> 00:22:51 identify people simply based on the way
00:22:51 --> 00:22:53 they walk and that could be opening the
00:22:54 --> 00:22:55 door one day to using your distinctive
00:22:55 --> 00:22:57 Swagger as part of home or airport
00:22:58 --> 00:23:00 security systems or to help confirm the
00:23:00 --> 00:23:03 identity of criminal suspects in
00:23:03 --> 00:23:05 totalitarian countries it could also be
00:23:05 --> 00:23:07 used to identify people who have covered
00:23:07 --> 00:23:09 up their faces with surgical masks and
00:23:09 --> 00:23:11 dark sunglasses in order to avoid facial
00:23:11 --> 00:23:14 recognition systems a report in the
00:23:14 --> 00:23:16 journal interface claims scientists
00:23:16 --> 00:23:18 trained AI models on over 700 people
00:23:18 --> 00:23:20 from different countries walking on
00:23:20 --> 00:23:21 pressure pads to measure the unique
00:23:21 --> 00:23:23 forces applied to the ground while
00:23:23 --> 00:23:26 walking they found that the AI model's
00:23:26 --> 00:23:28 ability to recognize People based simply
00:23:28 --> 00:23:31 on their walk ranged from 52 to 100%
00:23:31 --> 00:23:33 accuracy with factors like Footwear
00:23:33 --> 00:23:35 walking speed and body mass all playing
00:23:35 --> 00:23:38 a role in the way people
00:23:38 --> 00:23:40 walk Australia's therapeutic Goods
00:23:40 --> 00:23:43 Administration approves airpod Pro 2os
00:23:43 --> 00:23:45 for use as hearing aids and we take a
00:23:45 --> 00:23:48 look back at the biggest Tech flops of
00:23:48 --> 00:23:50 2024 with the details we're joined by
00:23:50 --> 00:23:52 technology editor alexar Roy from Tech
00:23:52 --> 00:23:55 advice. live yeah this is the airpods
00:23:55 --> 00:23:58 Pro 2 and look already if you had air
00:23:58 --> 00:24:02 ODS Pro you were able to activate a
00:24:02 --> 00:24:04 conversation mode that would more
00:24:04 --> 00:24:06 readily send the voice of somebody
00:24:06 --> 00:24:09 speaking to you like a a waiter at a
00:24:09 --> 00:24:10 cafe and you could hear it more clearly
00:24:10 --> 00:24:12 and I did help friends to set that up
00:24:12 --> 00:24:14 but this actually turns the airpods Pro
00:24:14 --> 00:24:18 2 into therapeutic grade hearing aids
00:24:18 --> 00:24:20 now this was already activated in the US
00:24:20 --> 00:24:22 but this will require a software update
00:24:22 --> 00:24:23 which will come over the next couple of
00:24:23 --> 00:24:25 weeks they've been approved as devices
00:24:25 --> 00:24:27 adjusted by the user to meet their
00:24:27 --> 00:24:30 hearing needs with perceived mild to
00:24:30 --> 00:24:32 moderate hearing impairment so look for
00:24:32 --> 00:24:35 $3.99 Australian dollars obviously a
00:24:35 --> 00:24:37 little bit less than us but the value is
00:24:37 --> 00:24:38 more or less the same on you have the
00:24:38 --> 00:24:40 tax you get hearing aids that compete
00:24:41 --> 00:24:42 with ones that cost at least a couple of
00:24:42 --> 00:24:45 thousand dollar to a lot more and one of
00:24:45 --> 00:24:47 the cool things about the airpods of
00:24:47 --> 00:24:49 course is inexpensive they're quick to
00:24:49 --> 00:24:51 charge they fit in your pocket you can
00:24:51 --> 00:24:52 have one or you can have both and of
00:24:52 --> 00:24:54 course the other big news is the the
00:24:54 --> 00:24:56 trends year on year what's happening in
00:24:56 --> 00:24:57 terms of Technology yeah look there's
00:24:57 --> 00:24:59 going to be a number of these
00:24:59 --> 00:25:02 predictions for 2025 but an interesting
00:25:02 --> 00:25:04 article I found at tech radar was
00:25:04 --> 00:25:07 ranking the biggest Tech flops of 2024
00:25:07 --> 00:25:09 the least interesting of the flops was
00:25:09 --> 00:25:12 the GoPro Hero 2024 this was supposed to
00:25:12 --> 00:25:14 be compact cheap and dead easy to use
00:25:14 --> 00:25:16 but it fumbles the ball in terms of its
00:25:16 --> 00:25:18 image quality according to tech radar
00:25:18 --> 00:25:22 something is called the EV ring EV i e
00:25:22 --> 00:25:25 it was meant to be a smart ring with a
00:25:25 --> 00:25:27 woman first design what did it do so the
00:25:28 --> 00:25:30 e ring boasted according to Tech Raider
00:25:30 --> 00:25:32 a bunch of traditional function sleep
00:25:32 --> 00:25:34 tracking heart rate monitoring but it
00:25:34 --> 00:25:36 stumbled they say here in its execution
00:25:36 --> 00:25:38 the menstrual tracking was very basic
00:25:39 --> 00:25:40 the activity tracking features are basic
00:25:40 --> 00:25:42 Fleep functionality doesn't seem as good
00:25:42 --> 00:25:44 as the competitors can do number nine
00:25:44 --> 00:25:46 was Windows recall the features allowed
00:25:46 --> 00:25:49 you to search through everything on your
00:25:49 --> 00:25:51 computer because of screenshots that it
00:25:51 --> 00:25:53 took every few big brother to have that
00:25:53 --> 00:25:55 access nobody no Microsoft still they've
00:25:55 --> 00:25:57 delayed it and they've delayed it again
00:25:57 --> 00:26:00 and again the new app was a big failure
00:26:00 --> 00:26:01 they basically had to revert back to the
00:26:01 --> 00:26:02 old one because people were very upset
00:26:02 --> 00:26:05 with the new one Sonos is the wireless
00:26:05 --> 00:26:07 speaker system that allows you to play
00:26:07 --> 00:26:08 the same music on all the different
00:26:08 --> 00:26:10 speakers in the house at the same time
00:26:10 --> 00:26:12 or have different speakers playing
00:26:12 --> 00:26:13 different music in different rooms and
00:26:13 --> 00:26:15 control it all from an app and they were
00:26:15 --> 00:26:17 pretty much the first to do this in a
00:26:17 --> 00:26:19 smart app kind of way with wireless
00:26:19 --> 00:26:20 speakers that you know you start to plug
00:26:20 --> 00:26:22 into power but they connected to your
00:26:22 --> 00:26:24 network wirelessly the new app was meant
00:26:24 --> 00:26:25 to make things simpler and better and
00:26:25 --> 00:26:26 it's one of those instances where
00:26:26 --> 00:26:28 everybody clamored for the old that
00:26:28 --> 00:26:30 there was also at number seven a game
00:26:30 --> 00:26:33 called Concord this was a game that just
00:26:33 --> 00:26:35 didn't work properly people really
00:26:35 --> 00:26:37 thought it was cringy the sales were
00:26:37 --> 00:26:40 weak on the PS5 and on the PC the
00:26:40 --> 00:26:41 servers were shut down within a couple
00:26:41 --> 00:26:43 of weeks people were refunded so when a
00:26:43 --> 00:26:46 game fails and flops so spectacularly
00:26:46 --> 00:26:47 that is definitely one that's going to
00:26:47 --> 00:26:48 end up on your list then there was
00:26:48 --> 00:26:51 according to again tech radar number six
00:26:51 --> 00:26:53 was Windows 11 24 H2 so that was the
00:26:53 --> 00:26:54 version of Windows that was for the
00:26:54 --> 00:26:57 second half of 2024 but they had a lot
00:26:58 --> 00:27:00 of bugs which of course annoyed people
00:27:00 --> 00:27:03 small bugs big bugs strange bugs for PC
00:27:03 --> 00:27:04 Gamers and the short version is that
00:27:04 --> 00:27:06 we're often told you should update
00:27:06 --> 00:27:07 sraight away because you fix
00:27:07 --> 00:27:09 vulnerabilities but major operating
00:27:09 --> 00:27:10 system manufacturers of which there are
00:27:10 --> 00:27:12 only a few I mean Microsoft being one of
00:27:12 --> 00:27:13 them they need to be testing these
00:27:13 --> 00:27:15 things on as many different
00:27:15 --> 00:27:16 configurations as deeply and as widely
00:27:17 --> 00:27:18 as possible and that's why they have The
00:27:18 --> 00:27:20 Insider builds but clearly this was a
00:27:20 --> 00:27:22 big failure now number five was airpods
00:27:22 --> 00:27:26 Max 2024 now the original airpods Max
00:27:26 --> 00:27:27 these are the ones that go over your
00:27:27 --> 00:27:29 ears like a b or Sony pair of over the
00:27:29 --> 00:27:30 year headphones they were launched in
00:27:30 --> 00:27:33 2020 and they got really good reviews
00:27:33 --> 00:27:34 for that time and what was meant to
00:27:34 --> 00:27:36 happen was that this year we were meant
00:27:36 --> 00:27:38 to get airpods Pro Max version 2 but
00:27:38 --> 00:27:40 instead what we got was an airpods Max
00:27:40 --> 00:27:42 with a USB port so it was exactly the
00:27:42 --> 00:27:44 same version as before but its charging
00:27:44 --> 00:27:46 port was switched from lightning to USB
00:27:46 --> 00:27:47 so people were very upset about that
00:27:47 --> 00:27:49 number four on the list was the rabbit
00:27:49 --> 00:27:52 R1 so this was meant to be a companion
00:27:52 --> 00:27:53 device that was like half the size of a
00:27:53 --> 00:27:56 mobile phone that was your AI companion
00:27:56 --> 00:27:58 it could do things for you it could do
00:27:58 --> 00:28:00 and apps for you you could order Ubers
00:28:00 --> 00:28:02 you could do these various things which
00:28:02 --> 00:28:03 people said well hang on can't I just do
00:28:03 --> 00:28:06 that through the chat gbt on my phone or
00:28:06 --> 00:28:07 why do I need an app to order an Uber
00:28:07 --> 00:28:09 for me when I can just do it myself I
00:28:09 --> 00:28:10 mean I just push a couple of buttons and
00:28:10 --> 00:28:12 it was one of these devices that was
00:28:12 --> 00:28:14 trying to sell itself as an AI companion
00:28:14 --> 00:28:16 but it flopped it couldn't even tell
00:28:16 --> 00:28:17 sort of tell you the weather properly
00:28:17 --> 00:28:18 people were very disappointed with it
00:28:18 --> 00:28:20 and somebody realized that you could
00:28:20 --> 00:28:22 hack it extract the software from it and
00:28:22 --> 00:28:25 just run it on any Android so it was a
00:28:25 --> 00:28:26 hardware device that was running an
00:28:26 --> 00:28:29 Android app and after the initial flurry
00:28:29 --> 00:28:31 and people got the devices it flopped
00:28:31 --> 00:28:32 and it failed and people hated it then
00:28:32 --> 00:28:34 number three on the list was Spotify
00:28:34 --> 00:28:37 wrapped 2024 and now this is meant to be
00:28:37 --> 00:28:39 a look at what people listen to most
00:28:39 --> 00:28:40 over the year but according to Tech
00:28:40 --> 00:28:42 Rader there was something of an
00:28:42 --> 00:28:44 explosion of bad feeling around R this
00:28:44 --> 00:28:46 year and the reasons were that there was
00:28:46 --> 00:28:48 a lot of AI features that were
00:28:48 --> 00:28:50 overplayed there were fewer stats about
00:28:50 --> 00:28:52 your top tunes and there was data that
00:28:52 --> 00:28:54 was missing on the top genres and albums
00:28:54 --> 00:28:56 that people were playing Rel
00:28:56 --> 00:28:59 relentlessly so uh this was a top of the
00:28:59 --> 00:29:01 pops type list that delivered less
00:29:01 --> 00:29:03 information than in previous years and
00:29:03 --> 00:29:05 nobody liked it then number two was a
00:29:05 --> 00:29:07 cousin as it were to the rabbit R1 this
00:29:07 --> 00:29:10 was a pin that you wore on your lapel a
00:29:10 --> 00:29:11 little bit like you know a Star Trek
00:29:11 --> 00:29:13 Communicator and the St Tre
00:29:13 --> 00:29:15 communicators were all activated by
00:29:15 --> 00:29:16 voice you talking to other people this
00:29:16 --> 00:29:19 device was actually beaming information
00:29:19 --> 00:29:22 VI laser into your hand so you held your
00:29:22 --> 00:29:24 hand and you could see weather reports
00:29:24 --> 00:29:26 or you could see arrows to turn left or
00:29:26 --> 00:29:28 right and you could also then walk to
00:29:28 --> 00:29:30 the device and ask it various questions
00:29:30 --> 00:29:32 and it was meant to be like a Star Trek
00:29:32 --> 00:29:34 style Communicator blended with AI and
00:29:34 --> 00:29:36 steroids but when it came out it didn't
00:29:36 --> 00:29:38 work very well the handheld controls to
00:29:38 --> 00:29:40 control that were fiddly the screen got
00:29:40 --> 00:29:42 sort of washed out in bright sunlight I
00:29:42 --> 00:29:44 mean it was an attempt that flopped and
00:29:44 --> 00:29:46 then the company wanted to sell it off
00:29:46 --> 00:29:48 and uh so that failed and again this is
00:29:48 --> 00:29:50 technology over promising and underd
00:29:50 --> 00:29:52 delivering but the number one product
00:29:52 --> 00:29:53 that tech radar said was the biggest
00:29:53 --> 00:29:56 flop of 2024 was the Apple Vision Pro
00:29:56 --> 00:29:57 now this is a bit unfair because I've
00:29:57 --> 00:29:59 put on on an Apple Vision Pro and it is
00:29:59 --> 00:30:02 stunning you can get this incredible
00:30:02 --> 00:30:05 massive wraparound display of your
00:30:05 --> 00:30:07 MacBook screen floating in mid you can
00:30:07 --> 00:30:09 have multiple apps floating in midair
00:30:09 --> 00:30:10 you're can to have apps pinned to
00:30:10 --> 00:30:12 different parts of your house so when
00:30:12 --> 00:30:14 you walk in there's TV screens there's
00:30:14 --> 00:30:16 apps all sitting there in that area
00:30:16 --> 00:30:18 waiting for you but the big problem with
00:30:18 --> 00:30:20 it was that it's heavy it's heavy and
00:30:20 --> 00:30:22 it's large and after about 20 minutes I
00:30:22 --> 00:30:24 could feel the weight on the front of my
00:30:24 --> 00:30:26 head so a lot of people said that the
00:30:26 --> 00:30:29 Vision Pro was a dev kit rather than a
00:30:29 --> 00:30:31 product for sale but because people say
00:30:31 --> 00:30:33 on the internet because of the failure
00:30:33 --> 00:30:34 of the Apple car Tim Cook needed
00:30:34 --> 00:30:36 something to sort of rally the troops
00:30:36 --> 00:30:38 and whilst the rest of the world was
00:30:38 --> 00:30:40 working on AI Solutions Apple was
00:30:40 --> 00:30:42 wasting years working on the Apple car
00:30:42 --> 00:30:44 and then this headset which was years
00:30:44 --> 00:30:46 from becoming something that was
00:30:46 --> 00:30:48 affordable and that people could be
00:30:48 --> 00:30:50 happy to put on in this same year we saw
00:30:50 --> 00:30:52 the Orion Project from meta from
00:30:52 --> 00:30:54 Facebook which looks like a pair of
00:30:54 --> 00:30:56 Rayband glasses a little bit thicker but
00:30:56 --> 00:30:59 not much and that looked like something
00:30:59 --> 00:31:01 that was the future not these ski goals
00:31:01 --> 00:31:03 you put on with this giant band around
00:31:03 --> 00:31:04 the back of your head that was Heavy
00:31:04 --> 00:31:06 after 20 minutes and cost five or $6
00:31:06 --> 00:31:09 so clearly these headsets definitely
00:31:09 --> 00:31:11 these augmented reality headsets
00:31:11 --> 00:31:13 definitely are the future but it needs
00:31:13 --> 00:31:15 another good five years of development
00:31:15 --> 00:31:17 and Improvement so that was the biggest
00:31:17 --> 00:31:19 flop 2024 needs to be miniaturized like
00:31:19 --> 00:31:21 with most tech needs to be miniaturized
00:31:21 --> 00:31:24 that's Alex Sahara Roy from Tech advice.
00:31:24 --> 00:31:26 life
00:31:26 --> 00:31:40 [Music]
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