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STUART GARY: This is Space Time series 26 episode 83 for
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broadcast on the fourth of July 2023. Coming up on Space Time
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lift off the Euclid Space telescope heads for two ancient
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volcanic activity discovered on the far side of the moon. And
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NASA's Mars Ingenuity helicopter has suffered another
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communications blackout all that and more coming up on Space
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Time.
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GENERIC: Welcome to Space Time with Stuart Garry.
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STUART GARY: The European Space Agency's Euclid Space telescope
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is now on its way to orbit in the Lagrangian L two position on
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the dark side of the Earth following a successful launch
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aboard a SpaceX Falcon Nine rocket from Cape Canaveral in
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Florida.
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GENERIC: Five 43 one.
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GUEST: Falcon Nine has successfully lifted off from pad
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40 throttled down to prepare for Max Q which is coming up at T
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plus one minute Tory nominal one minute in about 12 seconds.
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Maximum dynamic pressure and great news we have passed
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through Max Q.
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Next up, we have a few events happening back to back that will
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be Miko stage separation and ses one, Miko is main engine cut off
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and that's where we will shut down all nine of the M one D
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engines to slow the vehicle down in preparation for its next
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event which is chill has started stage separation and that's
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where the first stage separates from the second stage.
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Right after stage separation, the first stage will begin its
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journey back to Earth landing on our drone ship a shortfall of
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gravitas. And during that time, stage two will continue on its
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journey with that third events, one or second stage engine start
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one and that is where the single Merlin vacuum engine will light
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up and propel the second stage along with Esa's Euclid
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spacecraft to orbit.
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In addition to these three major events, the faring halves will
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separate less than a minute after ses one main engine cut
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off stage separation, confirmed M back ignition Miko stage
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separation and the MVAC engine has vehicles are following
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nominal trajectories.
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Grid fins on the first stage are deploying and in about 15
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seconds or so, we should have faring separation, fairing
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separation confirmed the faring halves have deployed both faring
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halves are brand new and are now making their way back down to
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Earth and will be recovered by our recovery vessel dug today.
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White puffs on that first stage that is nitrogen gas puffs for
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attitude control stage one FTS has safe.
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The engines have reignited on the first stage. This is the
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entry burn with three of nine M one D engines reignited.
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The vehicle will be landing for its second time today and just
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before the landing burn begins. We will also have co one on the
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second stage that is second engine cut off one, that's where
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we'll shut down that M back engine on the second stage.
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This is the first of two burns for this mission and that is
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coming up here in just a few seconds followed by the landing
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burn about 20 seconds after that M back engine has shut down and
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the landing burn has begun on the first stage vehicle Falcon
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Nine touching down on a shortfall of gravitas.
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This landing marks the second successful landing for this
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particular booster and marks our 204th overall successful
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recovery of an orbital class rocketing including both Falcon
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Nine and Falcon heavy first stages.
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STUART GARY: Following launch and separation from the rocket.
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Esa's European Space Operations Center in Dunst Germany
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confirmed acquisition has signaled from Euclid by way of
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the New Norcia ground station in Western Australia.
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Once it's in position 1.5 million kilometers from the
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Earth, it'll join the James Webb Space telescope which is
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orbiting nearby in studying the infrared universe. But just
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getting Euclid to space has been a monumental task. As Andreas
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Rudolph Esa's flight operations director for Euclid explains.
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ANDREAS RUDOLPH: The telescope is sitting upright under the
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fairing of the rocket before it's lifting off. So any
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particles that fall or may fall from the faring into the
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telescope can immediately lead to degradation of the
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sensitivity of the instruments and basically what you do in
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order to not get to put particulate contamination is
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that you have a very, very clean and new faring.
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So this faring for Eli has very special requirements. It's a new
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faring. It's not one which has been reused from a previous
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vehicle nine flight.
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It also is very clean in order to make sure that we don't get
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any particulates into the telescope that may degrade it.
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Once in orbit, we make sure the telescope is very, very stable
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and very well calibrated because what we're looking for is really
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very difficult to measure because otherwise we would have
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measured it already from ground.
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So I think in a nutshell, that's, that's the, those are
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the challenges we have here for your eu. So Euclid is a mission
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that is a Cosmological mission is looking back 10 billion years
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into the past and the evolution of our universe.
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So in order to do this, you need a very, very sensitive
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instrument. So once we are in orbit, one of the things that
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Euclid is never allowed to do is to look with its telescope and
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it's very, very sensitive instruments into the sun to make
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sure that doesn't happen. We have 22 things.
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First of all, we have a so called sun shield which is
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protecting us from the sun as long as the spacecraft is
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pointed correctly. So, and the second thing is we have
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automatic protection mechanisms which make sure that whenever
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the sun is approaching the telescope line of sight, we
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immediately switch into a fallback mode to make sure that
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it doesn't happen while.
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STUART GARY: The web space telescope will find specific
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targets and then zoom in on them with unparalleled clarity.
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Euclid will undertake a large scale survey and mapping
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program. It's specifically focusing on studying the dark
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forces of the universe, dark matter and dark energy.
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Two of the biggest mysteries in science and neither of which are
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well understood. Although the name dark matter seems to
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suggest that the matter is in fact dark, it's probably better
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called missing matter, the darkness, referring to our lack
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of knowledge. When scientists observe large objects on the
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galactic scale, they notice the behavior of these objects
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doesn't fit the standard model.
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For gravity. For example, there seems to be some additional
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amount of mass which provides extra gravity needed to hold
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Galaxies together and stop them flinging apart as they rotate.
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But even more interestingly stars on the outer edges of
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Galaxies appear to orbit the galactic center at the same
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speed as those closer in towards the center. And that just
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doesn't happen in real life. In fact, if you look at our own
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solar system, you can see that our planets don't do this, they
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match our expectations.
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It's as if there's a huge amount of additional mass over 80 per
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cent more than what we can see that's holding everything
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together and that's what scientists are calling dark
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matter. And although its actions are observable, it itself is
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invisible. We have no idea what it is and it doesn't end there.
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Along with the observable evidence of dark matter comes
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dark energy.
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The accelerating expansion of the universe, when we look at
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deep space, almost everything in the distance seems to be moving
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away from everything else. And the further away you look, the
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faster things seem to be moving. But that rate of expansion isn't
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even the movement seems to be accelerating.
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On a galactic scale. Every object seems to exhibit a red
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shift similar to the Doppler effect in pitch. You hear when
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say an ambulance or fire engine passes you with its sirens on
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basically the sound waves moving towards you as the vehicle
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approaches are compressed or blue shifted, while the sound
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waves moving away from you as the vehicle disappears and the
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distance are stretched or red shifted.
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And it's the same thing with light waves. The further away
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the object is the greater the red shift for very distant
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objects that red shift is stretched beyond the visible
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light into the infrared part of the spectrum, which is where
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telescopes like Webb and Euclid operate.
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Understanding dark energy will help scientists answer one of
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the ultimate questions of the universe. What is our ultimate
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fate? Will the expansion of the universe eventually slow down
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and stop resulting in a sort of steady state where things stay
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pretty much to where they appear.
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Now, all gravity then take over and gradually cause everything
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to start to reverse and contract, eventually crashing
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back together in a big crunch which could then trigger another
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big bang, then another big crunch and so on. Is that how
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the universe works over eternity?
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Or will the universe continue to expand forever until eventually,
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only the stars in our own galaxy will be visible. That is until
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they burn out and begin to wink off one after another,
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eventually leaving the universe cold and dark.
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What astronomers call the big freeze or will dark energy cause
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that rate of expansion to continue to accelerate until it
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becomes so strong that Galaxies are flung apart. Star systems
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are torn asunder, maybe dark energy becomes so strong that
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planets are ripped apart. And ultimately, even atoms are split
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into the constituent quarks and electrons.
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The so called Big Rip Euclid's mission is to better understand
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these phenomena accurate, large scale observations are needed
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not only to map the three dimensions of space, but the
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four dimensions of Space Time, Euclid's going to create a
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massive archive of data of everything you can see billions
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of Galaxies and quasars out some 10 billion light years over
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time.
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With the idea of seeing the effect of dark matter and dark
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energy at a level of detail unparalleled. So far, this high
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precision chart of the shape position and movement of
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Galaxies will reveal how matter is distributed across immense
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distances in the cosmic web.
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And how the expansion of the universe has evolved over cosmic
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history, enabling astronomers to finally infer the properties of
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dark energy and dark matter. This will in turn help theorists
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improve our understanding of the role of gravity, the oldest and
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least understood of the forces.
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And it will pin down the nature of these enigmatic entities
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named after the great Greek mathematician Euclid. The 2160
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kg spacecraft will achieve its ambitious science goal using a
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1.2 M reflecting telescope that has two innovative scientific
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instruments.
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The vas which takes very sharp images of Galaxies over a large
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fraction of the sky and the NISP which can analyze galaxy's
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infrared light by wavelength to accurately establish their
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distance. The data will then be fed to some 2000 scientists from
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300 institutes around the world. Among them is Satoshi Maya Zaki,
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the director of Japan's Subaru telescope.
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SPK_4: Euclid is a European space mission which has a 1.2 M
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telescope combined with visible and infrared imager. And the
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spectrograph. We have a division roles between Euclid and the
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ground based telescope. Euclid takes a very sharp image very
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deep toward very faint objects. However, they don't take a car
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information.
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In that sense, we provide car information Subaru features wide
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field camera which we call hyper prime cam. That is a very unique
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camera in terms of right correcting power because it's
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8.2 M telescope and very wide field like a 1.5 degrees across.
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Combined with the large correcting power and wide field
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imager, we can survey very quickly over the very wide
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field.
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We have a very high sensitivity in that we are very good at
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taking the red sky in the wave. The CFS me features high
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sensitivity in the blue one. So the combination of the high blue
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and higher red makes perfect sense. That's the corroboration
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makes perfect sense.
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STUART GARY: Over the next four weeks, Eli will travel towards
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the Earth sun, Lagrange L Two position an equilibrium point in
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the Earth sun system located about four times further away
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from the Earth and the moon Euclid will be maneuvered into
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orbit around this point.
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And mission controllers will start the activities to verify
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all the functions of the spacecraft, check out the
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telescope itself to make sure it survived the launch and finally
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turn on the scientific instruments.
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Scientists and engineers will then be engaged in an intense
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two month long phase of testing and calibrating Euclid's
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instruments and preparing the spacecraft for routine
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operations over the next six years. Euclid will survey a full
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third of the sky with unprecedented accuracy,
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providing a degree of sensitivity never before seen
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this report from ESA TV.
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GUEST: Euclid's six year mission will explore the so called dark
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side of the universe. Astronomers have discovered that
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95% of the cosmos is made up of unknown forms of matter and
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energy called dark matter and dark energy.
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Euclid will map approximately 1.5 to 2 billion Galaxies to
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look for the subtle effects that dark matter and dark energy have
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on the structure and expansion of the cosmos. Once the analysis
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is complete vital clues about the behavior and characteristics
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of dark matter and dark energy will be revealed.
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STUART GARY: This Space Time. Still to come. Ancient volcanic
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activity discovered on the far side of the moon. And NASA's
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Mars Ingenuity helicopter finally phones home after losing
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contact for two months. All that and more still to come on Space
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Time.
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Astronomers have discovered a large granite formation below
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the lunar surface far side. The massive slab reported in the
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journal nature was likely formed by cooling of molten lava that
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fed a volcano or chain of volcanoes that must have erupted
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early in the moon's history, possibly as far back as 3.5
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billion years ago.
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Scientists made the Discovery while examining microwave
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frequency data to measure heat below the surface of a suspected
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volcanic feature on the moon known as Compton Bel Covic.
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The authors used this data to determine that the heat being
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generated below the surface was coming from a concentration of
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radioactive elements which can only exist on the moon as
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granite grants are the igneous rock remnants of the plumbing
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systems below extinct volcanoes. Granite formations left in the
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wake of larva that's killed without erupting are known as
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Bays.
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The study's lead author Matthew Sigler from the Planetary
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Science Institute says any big body of granite found on Earth
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used to feed a big bunch of volcanoes much like the large
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system feeding the cascade volcanoes in the Pacific north
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west today, Ziegler says Baylis are much bigger than the
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volcanoes. They feed on the surface.
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For example, the Sierra Nevada mountains in California are a
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batholith left over from a volcanic chain in the Western
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United States that existed long ago. The lunar batholith is
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located in a region of the moon previously identified as a
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volcanic complex. But researchers are surprised at its
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size with an estimated diameter of some 50 kilometers.
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Granite's pretty common on Earth and its formation is generally
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driven by water and plate tectonics which aid in the
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creation of large melt bodies below the Earth's surface.
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However, grants are extremely rare on the moon because it
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lacks these processes. Ziegler says finding this granite body
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helps explain how the early lunar crust must have formed.
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He says, if you don't have water in the process, it takes extreme
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conditions to make granite. So is this system with no water and
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no plate tectonics? But you have granite? And that begs the
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question was there once lots of water on the moon, at least at
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this one spot or is it just at this one spot was unusually
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especially hot?
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This is Space Time still to come. NASA's Mars Ingenuity
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helicopter phones home after losing contact for two months
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and later in the science report, researchers warn of the growing
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threat of low crop yields due to worsening climate change. All
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that and more are still to come on Space Time.
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NASA's Mars Ingenuity. Helicopter is finally phoned
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home after suffering another communications blackout. This
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one lasting for a record 63 days of radio silence.
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But unlike the last blackout, this one was expected, mission
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managers thought communications might drop out because of a hill
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lying between the Rodic Cota's landing location and the
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position of its perseverance rover base station blocking
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communications between the two.
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You see the Kasai six wheeled rover provides a radio relay
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between the helicopter and NASA's mission controllers at
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the jet propulsion laboratory in Pasadena, California. So
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scientists had to wait until the perseverance rover crested the
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hill and was back in line of sight of the helicopter before
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communications could be re established.
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Ingenuity. Flight 52 was the 363 M 139 2nd long journey designed
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to reposition the tissue box sized helicopter and take images
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of the surrounding terrain for the rover science team.
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Perseverance and ingenuity are currently sitting on top of the
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Jero Crater River Delta fan, a rugged terrain which makes
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communications difficult and radio dropouts more likely. Now,
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the goal at this moment is to simply keep ingenuity ahead of
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perseverance, which mission managers say means occasionally
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pushing it beyond its communications limits.
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The good news is the data downloaded from ingenuity
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indicate that all systems are nominal and the 1.8 kg chopper
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will be ready for flight 53 which will head westwards
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towards a rocky outcrop which scientists want perseverance to
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explore.
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Just over two months ago. Mission managers unexpectedly
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lost contact with ingenuity for six days. That was caused by a
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combination of challenging topography between the
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helicopter and the rover and also low battery power aboard
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ingenuity due to increasing dust levels covering its solar array.
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A brief two day loss of signal happened about a year ago. Also
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due to the chopper's batteries not getting enough charge from
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the solar array.
00:19:31
As Jero CRE moved into the Martian Winter, the robotic
00:19:36
ingenuity helicopter arrived on the Red Planet attached to
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perseverance rover's underbelly back in February 2021. Of
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course, ingenuity was only ever designed to undertake five or
00:19:47
six demonstration flights simply to confirm that an aircraft
00:19:51
could fly on another planet, but it's now undertaken 52 flights.
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And it's proven to be a huge help for mission managers
00:19:58
scouting ahead of the rover looking for the best route and
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spotting interesting geological features.
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Now, speaking of interesting features, the perseverance
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rovers captured an image of a strange doughnut shaped rock in
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Jero crater. The rover photographed the mysterious
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monolith from a distance of about 100 M using its Remote
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Microscopic Imager which is part of the super cam instrument, of
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course, oddly shaped rocks aren't uncommon either on Earth
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or Mars.
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They're often formed over eons as winds, sandblast rock faces.
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Now, this particular rock may have formed after a small rock
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or multiple rocks eroded near its center and that left behind
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a cavity which was later enlarged by the wind.
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The rover had captured an earlier image of the same rock
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two months ago, but that was from a distance of around 400 M
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using the mass cam Z instrument. This new image shows the strange
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doughnut shaped rock with far greater clarity. This is Space
00:20:55
Time and time now to take another brief look at some of
00:21:14
the other stories making news in science.
00:21:16
This week. With the science report, a new study warns that
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the growing problem of climate change is increasing the
00:21:23
likelihood of major food producing regions such as North
00:21:26
America and Eastern Europe simultaneously producing low
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crop yields.
00:21:31
The findings reported in the journal Nature Communications
00:21:34
are based on new computer modeling and suggest that
00:21:37
current climate models underestimate the risk global
00:21:40
warming poses to global food security. The authors stress the
00:21:45
urgency of rapid emission reductions in order to prevent
00:21:48
climate extremes and their complex interactions from
00:21:51
becoming increasingly unmanageable.
00:21:53
The findings suggest potential high impact blind spots in
00:21:57
current climate risk assessments and highlights the urgent need
00:22:00
for more research to support model improvements in climate
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and agricultural domains.
00:22:07
Dutch archaeologists have uncovered a 4000 year old
00:22:10
religious site, which they've dubbed the Stonehenge of the
00:22:13
Netherlands, which includes a burial mound that's served as a
00:22:17
solar calendar, a 20 M wide burial mound located south east
00:22:21
of trek contained the remains of 60 people, including men, women
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and children and had several passages through which the sun
00:22:28
directly shot on the longest and shortest days of the year.
00:22:32
The scientists from the University Of Groningen also
00:22:34
discovered two other smaller mounds. It's thought the three
00:22:38
mounds were used as burial sites for about 800 years.
00:22:44
Geoffrey Hinton, the so called godfather of artificial
00:22:47
intelligence has again urged governments to step in and make
00:22:50
sure that AI machines do not control society. Hi made
00:22:55
headlines back in May when he quit his job at Google after a
00:22:58
decade of work to speak more freely about the dangers of AI
00:23:02
following the release of chat.
00:23:03
GPT, a highly respected AI scientist issued his latest
00:23:07
warning to the packed audience at the collision tech conference
00:23:10
in Toronto. The conference has brought together over 30
00:23:14
startup founders, investors and tech experts all looking to
00:23:18
learn how to ride the AI wave. But Hinton's warned for every 99
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smart people trying to make AI better.
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There's only one very smart person trying to figure out how
00:23:29
to stop it taking over and maybe society should want there to be
00:23:33
a bit more balance in this area. He says it's important that
00:23:36
people understand that this is not science fiction, it's not
00:23:39
just fear mongering. He insists there's a real risk that
00:23:43
humanity needs to think about and people need to figure out in
00:23:46
advance how to deal with it.
00:23:48
He also pointed to the dangers of fake news being created by a
00:23:51
chat GPT style bots saying A I generated content should be
00:23:55
marked in a way similar to how central banks watermark money
00:24:01
Telstra Australia's largest Telco has issued their mid year
00:24:04
assessment of where the company is heading and what its future
00:24:07
holds with the details. We're joined by technology editor Alex
00:24:11
Zaharov-Reutt from Techadvice. life
00:24:14
ALEX ZAHAROV-REUTT: Well, they made a series of announcements.
00:24:15
The first one was that they reached 85 per cent of the
00:24:18
population with five G coverage as at June 3rd 2023. So the mid
00:24:23
year point and they're on tracking 90 per percent coverage
00:24:26
plus during 2025 already, 38 per cent of their traffic is carried
00:24:30
over its five G network and they want 80 per cent by financial
00:24:34
year 2025.
00:24:35
And they say that more traffic on their five G network means a
00:24:37
better experience. They're going to be shutting down their three
00:24:40
G network as already disclosed in 2024.
00:24:43
And actually I asked today about the three G coverage that when I
00:24:46
find myself on three G I have practically zero bandwidth, it's
00:24:49
like you're disconnected, it's just for voice and they've
00:24:52
committed to replicating all of that three G coverage with four
00:24:55
G coverage, which would be a lot better because you can get a
00:24:58
decent connection by the time they switch the three G off.
00:25:01
And of course, they're trying to get five G in as many places as
00:25:03
possible. They've also got a thing called Cloud Ram and this
00:25:06
is where you can run part of the phone's network, the radio
00:25:09
software inside the cloud, and this is their radio software
00:25:12
that I guess determines the frequencies that it's able to
00:25:13
broadcast on.
00:25:14
And they've got the first commercial call was done last
00:25:17
December on a Cloud Ram network running in the cloud. And
00:25:21
they've actually got that deployed in seven sites in
00:25:23
Queensland with more to come.
00:25:24
So in addition, they're going to be reselling Elon Musk's
00:25:27
satellite service for rural and regional areas only basically in
00:25:31
places where can't service it with other connections and they
00:25:35
will do voice and also they'll do voice and broadband. And
00:25:38
apparently the voice aspect is the first has been done before,
00:25:41
which is pretty cool.
00:25:42
And they also had a second generation of their five G home
00:25:46
broadband Wi Fi device with a bigger Wi Fi range than even
00:25:50
their NBN smart modem three and more than their five G first
00:25:54
generation home broadband modem.
00:25:56
And this second generation is also compatible with Telstra Wi
00:25:59
Fi mesh extender so that you can create an even larger Wi Fi
00:26:02
network under the same network name not with any strange
00:26:05
extender add ons that can break the connection when you're going
00:26:09
from one network to the other.
00:26:10
And they'll also replace all the first GEN with second GEN free
00:26:13
of charge because the second generation units actually do
00:26:15
carrier aggregation and they use different parts of the different
00:26:18
five G networks that Telstra has broadcasting different
00:26:21
frequencies. And they can use that more efficiently than the
00:26:23
first GEN units. So it makes sense for them to upgrade you
00:26:26
and give you these new units.
00:26:27
They can actually sell more five G home broadband modems in
00:26:30
different areas because each of the three Telcos has limited the
00:26:32
availability of those systems.
00:26:34
So they don't flood their five G network for everybody else, but
00:26:37
they're always adding more people in different suburbs and
00:26:40
it's an alternative to satellite, an alternative to
00:26:43
traditional NBN and you get 3 to 600 megabits of download speed
00:26:46
without having to worry about your garden being dug up if you
00:26:48
get fiber to the premises. So a really good set of announcements
00:26:51
from Telstra's Bank.
00:26:52
STUART GARY: What about the existing NBN satellite network?
00:26:56
Does that mean that's redundant even though it's less than 10
00:26:59
years old.
00:26:59
ALEX ZAHAROV-REUTT: No NBN is still using it, still offering
00:27:01
their sky must service and they also have had to come to the
00:27:04
party with unlimited downloads. They started with a trial in
00:27:07
evening periods where they were sort of unlimited things like
00:27:09
Netflix and that sort of usage which previously was causing
00:27:12
problems because it only had a certain amount they could
00:27:14
download over the system.
00:27:15
Elon Musk came in completely revolutionized that 130 bucks a
00:27:18
month, give you 100 megabit download, gives you good upload
00:27:21
speeds. And so it's welcome. Competition. Competition is
00:27:24
always welcome and it's forced the NBN to think about their
00:27:27
satellite plans too.
00:27:28
But at the moment, I mean, they also have five G spectrum. You
00:27:30
know, they're a Telco competitor even though they supply all the
00:27:33
other Telcos as a wholesale. I mean, they have to wholesale
00:27:36
theory what they doing. So look, Telstra is just using the fact
00:27:39
that it can get a whole range of other services from different
00:27:42
players.
00:27:42
But Telstra is working with different satellite providers
00:27:45
and they want to be able to use some of their back haul with
00:27:47
Elon Musk Sailing, connect also with the one web to be able to
00:27:51
when they have outages so that the entire state doesn't go down
00:27:53
and they can allocate resources.
00:27:55
And eventually they also they want things like AI to fix
00:27:58
problems, automatically self heal. And they were concerned
00:28:00
about the problems of AI being poisoned and giving false
00:28:04
information. I mean, they didn't mention it but it's the old
00:28:05
garbage in garbage out.
00:28:07
And in fact, we just had one of the US courts say that freedom
00:28:10
of speech should be preserved and that some of the social
00:28:12
networks shouldn't be censoring people and I was thinking in
00:28:15
Australia, we have, we need a first amendment type of in
00:28:19
Australia where we can guarantee freedom of speech and not being
00:28:22
censored by government Ministries Of Truth or companies
00:28:26
acting on behalf of the government.
00:28:27
And we've got to fight battles in Australia with the censorship
00:28:30
that is being talked about here with the misinformation and
00:28:33
disinformation which can effectively even police what
00:28:36
people are saying in private WhatsApp and other messages.
00:28:38
STUART GARY: We have the government to tell us what's
00:28:40
right and wrong now.
00:28:41
ALEX ZAHAROV-REUTT: Well, but that's the thing, you know, of
00:28:43
course, that's the problem. So the issue is freedom of speech
00:28:46
is we should replicate globally.
00:28:49
STUART GARY: And what about Jeffrey Hinton's idea that there
00:28:52
has to be some sort of a watermark putting anything
00:28:55
that's created by a. So we know what it is. That is a great
00:28:58
idea.
00:28:59
ALEX ZAHAROV-REUTT: I mean, being able to tell what is AI
00:29:01
generated contact, we need AIS to be neutral. Now, if you want
00:29:04
a left wing or right wing or other point of view, you should
00:29:07
be able to ask your AI to tell you what that point of view is.
00:29:11
But the information it presents to you should be neutral until
00:29:14
you for different views to be applied. I think that Hinton's
00:29:17
warnings as the grandfather of AI should absolutely be.
00:29:21
STUART GARY: Heeded Hinton says for every 99 people, very smart
00:29:24
people working to make AIS better. There's only one person
00:29:28
working to make sure they're safe.
00:29:30
ALEX ZAHAROV-REUTT: Well, obviously, that ratio has to
00:29:31
change. We need to be ensuring that our AI is explainable,
00:29:35
ethical trustworthy.
00:29:36
STUART GARY: When Luke Skywalker said, may the force be with you?
00:29:39
We didn't know he was talking about Skynet.
00:29:43
ALEX ZAHAROV-REUTT: Well, I mean, that's the eternal battle
00:29:45
of good and evil in that particular story. Hopefully
00:29:48
there's more of us on the good side to fight back against the
00:29:50
bad. And ultimately, I hope we muddle through and win.
00:29:53
STUART GARY: That's Alex Saha of Roy From Tech advice, Start Life
00:30:12
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