S27E116: Unexpected Black Hole Abundance, Io's Volcanic Surprise, and W Boson Precision

[00:00:00] [SPEAKER_01]: This is SpaceTime Series 27, episode 116, or broadcast on the 25th of September 2024. Coming up on SpaceTime, Discovery of more Black

[00:00:11] [SPEAKER_01]: holes than expected in the early universe, and you've all canus spotted on Jupiter's moon Io,

[00:00:17] [SPEAKER_01]: and confirming the mass of the W Boson, or that and more coming up on SpaceTime.

[00:00:44] [SPEAKER_01]: A new study using the Hubble Space Telescope has discovered far more supermassive Black

[00:00:50] [SPEAKER_01]: holes in the early universe than was expected. The findings reported in the Astro-Physical

[00:00:55] [SPEAKER_01]: Journal letters, well hope astronomers better understand how these ancient Black holes were created.

[00:01:01] [SPEAKER_01]: See, currently scientists don't have a really good complete picture of how the first Black

[00:01:06] [SPEAKER_01]: holes formed not long after the Big Bang 13.8 billion years ago. Early observations, including

[00:01:12] [SPEAKER_01]: by the James Webb Space Telescope, have shown astronomers that supermassive Black holes

[00:01:17] [SPEAKER_01]: more than a billion times the mass of our Sun already existed at the centers of galaxies

[00:01:22] [SPEAKER_01]: less than a billion years after the Big Bang. One of the study's authors, Alice Young from

[00:01:27] [SPEAKER_01]: Stockholm University, says many of these objects appear to be far more massive than what people

[00:01:32] [SPEAKER_01]: thought they could be at such an early time in the universe's history. And that suggests they

[00:01:37] [SPEAKER_01]: must have formed directly from the collapse of massive clouds of gas. Alternatively, they must

[00:01:42] [SPEAKER_01]: have somehow grown extremely quickly through multiple mergers of smaller still-amass Black

[00:01:47] [SPEAKER_01]: holes. But once again, the time factor comes in there. Black holes, planning important role

[00:01:53] [SPEAKER_01]: on the life cycles of all galaxies, but the remainder uncertain these insights is understanding

[00:01:58] [SPEAKER_01]: of how galaxies evolve. In order to gain a complete picture of the link between Galaxy and Black

[00:02:04] [SPEAKER_01]: or Evolution, the authors used Hubble to survey how many Black holes they could count among

[00:02:09] [SPEAKER_01]: a population of faint galaxies when the universe was just a few percent of its current age.

[00:02:14] [SPEAKER_01]: The initial observations of the survey region were then refurdered by Hubble after several years.

[00:02:21] [SPEAKER_01]: This allowed young and colleagues to measure variations in the brightness of these galaxies,

[00:02:25] [SPEAKER_01]: and these variations are a tell-tale sign of Black hole development. The authors were

[00:02:30] [SPEAKER_01]: to identify far more Black holes than previously found by other methods. The new observational

[00:02:36] [SPEAKER_01]: results suggest that some Black holes likely form through the collapse of massive pristine stars

[00:02:42] [SPEAKER_01]: during the first billion years of cosmic time. These types of stars can only exist at various

[00:02:48] [SPEAKER_01]: time scales in the universe. That's because later generations of stars are polluted by the

[00:02:53] [SPEAKER_01]: remnants of the early generations of stars that have already lived and died. Other alternatives

[00:02:58] [SPEAKER_01]: for Black hole formation include the previously mentioned collapsing gas clouds, mergers of stars

[00:03:04] [SPEAKER_01]: massive clusters, and primordial Black holes that must have formed by physically speculative

[00:03:09] [SPEAKER_01]: mechanisms in the first few seconds after the big bang. With this new information about Black

[00:03:16] [SPEAKER_01]: hole formation and population, more accurate models of Galaxy formation can now be constructed.

[00:03:22] [SPEAKER_01]: The formation mechanism of early Black holes is an important part of the puzzle of Galaxy evolution.

[00:03:28] [SPEAKER_01]: Together with models of how Black holes grow, Galaxy Evolution calculations can now be placed

[00:03:33] [SPEAKER_01]: on a more physically motivated footing with a more accurate scheme for how Black holes are

[00:03:38] [SPEAKER_01]: likely to have come into existence from collapsing massive stars. This is space time.

[00:03:45] [SPEAKER_01]: Still to come, and you've all cared to discover on Jupiter's moon Io, and physicist at

[00:03:50] [SPEAKER_01]: certain can firm the mess of the W bows on, or that and more still to come. On space time.

[00:04:12] [SPEAKER_01]: Astronomers have discovered a new volcano and Jupiter's moon Io. Io is the

[00:04:17] [SPEAKER_01]: most in second smallest at the four Galilean moons orbiting the gas giant planet.

[00:04:23] [SPEAKER_01]: It's also the fourth largest moon in the solar system, and with a radius of 1,822 kilometers,

[00:04:29] [SPEAKER_01]: is only slightly larger than the Earth's moon. Io has over 400 active volcanoes,

[00:04:35] [SPEAKER_01]: making it the most geologically active object in the solar system. It has the highest density

[00:04:40] [SPEAKER_01]: of any moon, the strongest surface gravity of any moon, and the lowest amount of water by atomic

[00:04:45] [SPEAKER_01]: ratio of any known astronomical object in the solar system. Together with Gany made Calisto

[00:04:51] [SPEAKER_01]: in Europe, it was discovered in 1610 by Galileo Galilei, named after the mythological character Io,

[00:04:58] [SPEAKER_01]: a priestess of Hera who became one of Zeus's lovers. The discovery of the new volcano was made

[00:05:04] [SPEAKER_01]: during an analysis of the first close-up images of Io in over 25 years. They were captured by

[00:05:10] [SPEAKER_01]: Juno-Cam instrument aboard NASA's Juno mission, as well as revealing the emergence of a

[00:05:15] [SPEAKER_01]: fresh volcano. It also showed the volcano walls had multiple lava flows with volcanic deposits

[00:05:21] [SPEAKER_01]: covering an area of about 180 by 180 kilometers. The new volcano is located just south of Io's

[00:05:28] [SPEAKER_01]: equator. Now although Io is already covered in active volcanoes, images taken during NASA's Galileo

[00:05:35] [SPEAKER_01]: mission back in 1997 didn't see a volcano in this particular region. The images show the

[00:05:41] [SPEAKER_01]: eastern side of the volcano we stained at a few's red, that's from software that's been vented

[00:05:46] [SPEAKER_01]: from the volcano into space and then fall them back onto Io's surface. On the western side,

[00:05:52] [SPEAKER_01]: two dark streams of lava have erupted each flowing for about 100 kilometers. At the furthest point

[00:05:59] [SPEAKER_01]: of the flows with the lava's pooled, the heat caused the frozen material on the surface to vaporise,

[00:06:04] [SPEAKER_01]: generating two overlapping grease circulate deposits. The best Juno-Cam image of this feature

[00:06:10] [SPEAKER_01]: were taken back on February the third at a distance of 2,530 kilometers. They were captured

[00:06:17] [SPEAKER_01]: on the night side of Io with the illumination coming only from Jupiter reflecting sunlight.

[00:06:23] [SPEAKER_01]: The encounter was one of three recent flybys of Io in 2023 and 2024 during which Juno-Cam

[00:06:29] [SPEAKER_01]: quiet around 20 close up physical color images. The mission observed a total of nine plumes associated

[00:06:36] [SPEAKER_01]: with active volcanic features on the moon. Io's kept volcanically active because of the heat

[00:06:42] [SPEAKER_01]: generated through friction that's generated in Io's interior but the constant gravitational

[00:06:46] [SPEAKER_01]: title forces exhibited by Jupiter as well as the other companion moons constantly pulling

[00:06:51] [SPEAKER_01]: and crushing Io as it orbits around the solar system's largest planet. This is space time.

[00:06:58] [SPEAKER_01]: Still to come, scientists that soon confirm the mess of the W Bozon and later in the science report

[00:07:05] [SPEAKER_01]: and use stadiars found that cats show signs of grief when fellow pets die. All that and more

[00:07:12] [SPEAKER_01]: still to come on space time. Scientists that soon, the European Organization for Nuclear Research,

[00:07:35] [SPEAKER_01]: have confirmed the mess of one of the fundamental forces of physics the W Bozon. Then you

[00:07:41] [SPEAKER_01]: find, in sure the particle has a mess of 80,360.2 megaperelectron volts give or take 9.9 megaperelectron

[00:07:49] [SPEAKER_01]: volts. In particle physics, Bozons are elementary force particles with the W and Z-Boson

[00:07:56] [SPEAKER_01]: mediating the weak nuclear force which is responsible for radioactive decay. W Bozons have

[00:08:02] [SPEAKER_01]: either a positive or negative electric charge and are each other's antiparticles or the Z-Boson

[00:08:09] [SPEAKER_01]: is electrically neutral and is its own antiparticle. Vidae Discovery 1983 was pivotal in establishing

[00:08:16] [SPEAKER_01]: the standard model of particle physics, the foundations don't of sciences understanding of

[00:08:21] [SPEAKER_01]: the universe. The new mass confirmation follows an unexpected measurement by the collided detector

[00:08:26] [SPEAKER_01]: at Fermi Lab in the United States two years ago. To test that discovery, physicist with a

[00:08:36] [SPEAKER_01]: atom smasher, a large-edron collider at CERN below the frankers Swiss border and to took their

[00:08:41] [SPEAKER_01]: own experiment using a new technique to make the most elaborate investigation of the W Bozons

[00:08:46] [SPEAKER_01]: mass to date. The new measurements follow nearly a decade of analysis consistent with predictions

[00:08:52] [SPEAKER_01]: and so put the multi-year-long mystery to rest. The analysis used some 300 million events

[00:08:58] [SPEAKER_01]: collected during the 2016 run of the large-edron collider together with a further 4 billion simulated

[00:09:04] [SPEAKER_01]: events. From this massive data set, the authors reconstructed and then measured the mass from more than

[00:09:10] [SPEAKER_01]: 100 million W Bozons. They found the W Bozons mass of 80,362 plus or minus 9.9 megrolector

[00:09:19] [SPEAKER_01]: on Votes is consistent with the standard models prediction of 80,357 plus or minus 6 megrolector

[00:09:27] [SPEAKER_01]: and that's really important. You see, the entire universe is a delicate balancing act.

[00:09:34] [SPEAKER_01]: So if the W Bozons mass was different from what scientists expected it would have suggested new

[00:09:39] [SPEAKER_01]: particles or forces at play. One of the study's authors, Haddy McBride from the US Department

[00:09:44] [SPEAKER_01]: of Energy's Fermi National Laboratory says that precise understanding the W Bozons mass

[00:09:49] [SPEAKER_01]: allows scientists to map the interplay of particles and forces including the strength of the

[00:09:56] [SPEAKER_01]: Tricotowake, the merger of electromagneticism with the weak nuclear force. Since 1983,

[00:10:03] [SPEAKER_01]: physicists on 10 different experiments have measured the W Bozons mass. The CMS experiment was

[00:10:09] [SPEAKER_01]: unique from other experiments which have made this measurement because of its compact design

[00:10:14] [SPEAKER_01]: it specialised sensors for fundamental particles called mions and an extremely strong

[00:10:19] [SPEAKER_01]: solenoid magnet that bends the trajectories of charts particles as they move through the

[00:10:24] [SPEAKER_01]: detector. Importantly, it also allowed physicists to free themselves with the Z-Bos on as their

[00:10:29] [SPEAKER_01]: reference point. This new level of precision will allow scientists to tackle critical measurements,

[00:10:35] [SPEAKER_01]: such as those involving the WZ and Higgs bosons with enhanced accuracy. This report from the European

[00:10:42] [SPEAKER_02]: organization for nuclear research. The W Bozons is one of the particles responsible for transmitting

[00:10:50] [SPEAKER_02]: the weak interaction. It was discovered in 1983 at Sern by the UA1 and UA2 experiments on the

[00:10:58] [SPEAKER_02]: SPS proton and hyproton collider leading to a noble price for Sern's Carlo Rubia and Simon Vandermen.

[00:11:06] [SPEAKER_02]: So why are we still measuring the mass of the W Bozons after 40 years? Well for two reasons,

[00:11:13] [SPEAKER_02]: we want to know the mass very precisely and measuring it precisely is actually very

[00:11:19] [SPEAKER_02]: difficult. Our best description of particles and their interactions, the standard model of particle physics

[00:11:28] [SPEAKER_02]: is over-constrained. Now what do I mean by that? Well if I take a wheel and I measure its diameter

[00:11:36] [SPEAKER_02]: and I measure its circumference, well then of course the circumference has to be equal

[00:11:42] [SPEAKER_02]: to the diameter multiplied by pi. If it's not then either I'm measuring wrong or this is not a wheel

[00:11:50] [SPEAKER_02]: and that's what we call an over-constrained system. The measurements cannot be just any two numbers.

[00:11:56] [SPEAKER_02]: So you can imagine the standard model like a cube. We have all these parallel sides and we're

[00:12:03] [SPEAKER_02]: trying to measure the lengths as precise as possible by measuring masses of different particles

[00:12:07] [SPEAKER_02]: interactions, and then at the end we're trying to see if it's still a cube. Because what if

[00:12:19] [SPEAKER_02]: there's a new theory, new particles, new interactions that we haven't taken into account?

[00:12:24] [SPEAKER_02]: So this way it's possible to see a new theory without discovering any new particles but just by

[00:12:30] [SPEAKER_02]: checking the things in their current theory don't agree. But for that we need all the measurements

[00:12:35] [SPEAKER_02]: to be very precise. Trying to measure the mass of the W Bozons is like trying to measure the length

[00:12:44] [SPEAKER_02]: of a stick, blindfolded and holding it with only one hand. As opposed to trying to measure the

[00:12:53] [SPEAKER_02]: mass of the Z Bozons, the other particle that transmits the weak interaction which is like trying

[00:12:57] [SPEAKER_02]: to measure the length of a stick by holding it at both ends with both hands. Now what do I mean by that?

[00:13:04] [SPEAKER_02]: The Z Bozons de-case into two mu-ons and these mu-ons can be measured very precisely in a

[00:13:12] [SPEAKER_02]: vertical detector and from this measurement we can establish the mass of the Z. Now the W Bozons

[00:13:18] [SPEAKER_02]: de-case into one mu-on and one neutrino, and the mu-on can be measured precisely but the neutrino

[00:13:24] [SPEAKER_02]: cannot. And so we currently know the mass of the Z Bozons with a precision about seven times better

[00:13:31] [SPEAKER_02]: than the mass of the W. So how do we measure the mass of the W them? Well let me take as an

[00:13:38] [SPEAKER_02]: example the method used by the CMS collaboration in the recent W measurement. Let's first look at

[00:13:44] [SPEAKER_02]: the Z Bozons again. So for the C, the measurement is quite simple. We take the momenta of the two

[00:13:49] [SPEAKER_02]: mu-ons from the decay of the Z and from these two momenta we can calculate what's called the invariant

[00:13:54] [SPEAKER_02]: mass of the two mu-on system. You can plot this invariant mass for many, many pairs of mu-ons and you'll

[00:14:00] [SPEAKER_02]: get a peak at the mass of the Z Bozons. There's some solidities here but basically if you measure the

[00:14:05] [SPEAKER_02]: momenta of the mu-ons correctly then the position of the peak is the mass of this at Bozons and that's it.

[00:14:12] [SPEAKER_02]: Now for the W we only have one mu-on so you cannot make an invariant mass plot from just this one mu-on.

[00:14:20] [SPEAKER_02]: So what if we just try to simply plot the momentum of this mu-on? So you're also going to see some

[00:14:27] [SPEAKER_02]: peak-like structure but interpreting that in terms of mass is much more complex. The position

[00:14:32] [SPEAKER_02]: of this structure will change with mass but you cannot simply read the mass of the plot.

[00:14:37] [SPEAKER_02]: So what you have to do is simulate this momentum distribution for different

[00:14:43] [SPEAKER_02]: values of the W mass and then once you have the observed data you can check which of the simulated

[00:14:50] [SPEAKER_02]: plots matches your observation the closest and that gives you the mass of the W. Now the complication

[00:14:56] [SPEAKER_02]: of this measurement is that it strongly depends on theory and on simulations.

[00:15:01] [SPEAKER_02]: So we have to have very very precise modeling of the physics processes happening in the

[00:15:06] [SPEAKER_02]: proton-proton collisions in the large hardware and collier and you have to have very precise

[00:15:10] [SPEAKER_02]: modeling of the response of the particle detector. So state of the art theoretical calculations

[00:15:15] [SPEAKER_02]: and state of the art simulation of the detector are critical for getting this measurement right.

[00:15:20] [SPEAKER_02]: This really is one of the hardest precision measurements done in the large hardware collier.

[00:15:37] [SPEAKER_01]: This is space time and time that it take another brief look at some of the other stories making

[00:15:58] [SPEAKER_01]: using science this week with the science report. Researchers say T, red wine, berries, and even

[00:16:05] [SPEAKER_01]: dark chocolate could help reduce your risk of getting dementia. A report in the journal of the American

[00:16:11] [SPEAKER_01]: Medical Association found the link was higher among people who had generally had greater risk

[00:16:16] [SPEAKER_01]: of developing the condition. It all set us around flavonoids. These are compounds already known

[00:16:22] [SPEAKER_01]: for various health benefits. They found in a range of fruits and vegetables including berries

[00:16:28] [SPEAKER_01]: and green leafy vegetables as well as tea, red wine and chocolate. For their experiment scientists

[00:16:34] [SPEAKER_01]: looked at the diets of over 120,000 adults aged between 40 and 70 in the United Kingdom

[00:16:39] [SPEAKER_01]: over nearly a decade. 882 participants went on to develop dementia during the study.

[00:16:47] [SPEAKER_01]: The authors say those who can assume the highest amounts of flavonoid rich foods,

[00:16:50] [SPEAKER_01]: especially tea, red wine and berries, had the lowest risk of dementia, especially if they had

[00:16:55] [SPEAKER_01]: the highest genetic risk of dementia, high blood pressure or depressive symptoms.

[00:17:02] [SPEAKER_01]: Scientists have found as many as 50 critically endangered night parrots living in the far east

[00:17:07] [SPEAKER_01]: of Western Austria's Pylver region. The discovery reported in the journal Wildlife Research

[00:17:12] [SPEAKER_01]: represents the largest known population of these birds anywhere in the world. The authors

[00:17:17] [SPEAKER_01]: were using a type of acoustic recorder called a songmeter. They found evidence of night parrots at

[00:17:23] [SPEAKER_01]: 17 of the 31 sites they checked. They found that a key threat to the birds habitat is fire,

[00:17:29] [SPEAKER_01]: which occurs in the surrounding sand plain country roughly every six to ten years.

[00:17:35] [SPEAKER_01]: A new study is shown that cat shows signs of grief when one of their fellow pet's dyes

[00:17:41] [SPEAKER_01]: even dogs are reported in the journal applied animal behavior science and that while cats appear

[00:17:46] [SPEAKER_01]: to carry an attitude of indifference and aloofness, it turns out that when a fellow household

[00:17:51] [SPEAKER_01]: pet passes on, surviving cat show grief like signs that are similar to those of dogs.

[00:17:57] [SPEAKER_01]: Their findings are based on a study of 412 pet owners who were the current care giveers of

[00:18:02] [SPEAKER_01]: living cat but also had a dog or cat in the household that had recently passed away.

[00:18:07] [SPEAKER_01]: In the weeks and months following the loss of their pet, caregivers reported altered behavior

[00:18:12] [SPEAKER_01]: in their surviving cats. These included increased vocalizations, time spent looking or sniffing

[00:18:18] [SPEAKER_01]: further deceased pet in their usual spark and decreased willingness to eat sleep or play.

[00:18:24] [SPEAKER_01]: And the more time the surviving cat spent with the deceased pet prior to death,

[00:18:28] [SPEAKER_01]: the more likely they were to show immediate and long-term behavioral changes.

[00:18:33] [SPEAKER_01]: Head owners in the survey claim their cats clearly showed temporary signs of confusion

[00:18:38] [SPEAKER_01]: and fearfulness following the death of a companion dog or cat. These included time spent hiding

[00:18:44] [SPEAKER_01]: or sniffing out that deceased pet's favorite spark. The findings align with a similar study in 2016

[00:18:50] [SPEAKER_01]: which found that in the six months after the death of a fellow pet, both cats and dogs increase

[00:18:55] [SPEAKER_01]: their attention seeking behaviors such as the frequency and volume of their vocalizations,

[00:19:00] [SPEAKER_01]: and they also wound up eating less.

[00:19:04] [SPEAKER_01]: Semantics issued a new warning about an iPhone scan based around an SMS fishing campaign.

[00:19:10] [SPEAKER_01]: With the details with joined by technology editor Alex Harrow,

[00:19:13] [SPEAKER_01]: from TechAdvice, Start Life.

[00:19:16] [SPEAKER_03]: Scams are rife and the bad guys are always trying to figure out ways to catch you on a

[00:19:20] [SPEAKER_03]: business with messages that are sort of seen, you know, plausible scene,

[00:19:24] [SPEAKER_03]: would you think real enough that they want you to have a sort of a knee jerk reaction?

[00:19:29] [SPEAKER_03]: In this case, this is an email claiming that your eye cloud storage is nearly full

[00:19:33] [SPEAKER_03]: and that you can get a 50% reward bonus if you sign up now.

[00:19:38] [SPEAKER_03]: But what happens is that of course when you go to update your payment details,

[00:19:42] [SPEAKER_03]: you'll send to a malicious site that's trying to steal your login details on your credit card

[00:19:47] [SPEAKER_03]: information, another information.

[00:19:49] [SPEAKER_03]: So it's just yet another confidence scan but in this case for iPhone users,

[00:19:53] [SPEAKER_03]: you know, if I've owned an device cloud, many people only have the five gigabytes

[00:19:56] [SPEAKER_03]: but then upgrade to the 50 gig or the 200 gig or the two terabytes and

[00:20:00] [SPEAKER_03]: you know, if your space is running out that means your photos are being backed up

[00:20:04] [SPEAKER_03]: and you was contact details, these details are not being backed up to the cloud,

[00:20:08] [SPEAKER_03]: which is the old person having the cloud if you lose your device,

[00:20:11] [SPEAKER_03]: you want to get it all back nicely and easily.

[00:20:12] [SPEAKER_03]: So people panic that've got things happening there in a rush that can just

[00:20:16] [SPEAKER_03]: bring me the work pressures and suddenly there's the email demanding immediate attention

[00:20:20] [SPEAKER_03]: and they click it, they enter the details of all looks legit and the next thing they know is

[00:20:24] [SPEAKER_03]: that I've given up their eye cloud username and password not that really means much because

[00:20:28] [SPEAKER_03]: you still then have to get tickets that you code them one of your other Apple devices but

[00:20:31] [SPEAKER_03]: the credit card details go through and you might even then think hey you've got the

[00:20:34] [SPEAKER_03]: extra storage but unless you go into your eye cloud settings menu of your various Apple

[00:20:39] [SPEAKER_03]: devices and check, you don't know. So it's a confidence scan and I have seen this one before.

[00:20:44] [SPEAKER_03]: This is a new instance but this has been tried I've seen friends that have had these sort of messages

[00:20:49] [SPEAKER_03]: before and they've forwarded to me and asked me, is this real and you sort of have a look and

[00:20:52] [SPEAKER_03]: you look at the who the message is from and you look you see funny fonts and you know it just doesn't

[00:20:57] [SPEAKER_03]: look right so if you ever unsure about these things you can always contact Apple directly

[00:21:01] [SPEAKER_03]: in Australia that's 133, 622, 133 Mac people in other countries you can get an Apple.com in your

[00:21:07] [SPEAKER_03]: area and find the local number and have a look at your eye cloud storage settings in the settings

[00:21:11] [SPEAKER_00]: you're Apple device you'll see how much space you have left if you can see that you got plenty of

[00:21:15] [SPEAKER_00]: space left it was just a scan. We need to talk about the NBN faster broadband. Yeah look the

[00:21:20] [SPEAKER_03]: leak has come out from someone deep within the NBN that by around April next year it will be offering

[00:21:26] [SPEAKER_03]: to the retail service providers, the companies that sell the internet to you directly because

[00:21:30] [SPEAKER_03]: NBN is the wholesale at two gigabit plan they'll need to be on private to the premises or at one

[00:21:36] [SPEAKER_03]: of the PTV stock cable connections that are still connected but you can then get two gigabits

[00:21:41] [SPEAKER_03]: now that is 40 times faster than your 50 megabit plan obviously 20 times faster than your 100

[00:21:47] [SPEAKER_03]: megabit plan and any time is faster than your 25 megabit plan which is a much slower plan

[00:21:52] [SPEAKER_03]: that some people are still here being advertising already and there's some companies offering

[00:21:55] [SPEAKER_03]: it 39, 95 or month for the first six months and then the price goes up but don't say what it is

[00:22:00] [SPEAKER_03]: too but there are still people on these other plans but we need faster internet because everyone has

[00:22:06] [SPEAKER_03]: multiple devices, phones, tablets, laptops, you know, desktop, everything that's on Wi-Fi gets

[00:22:13] [SPEAKER_03]: update and if you're yeah and if you're if you're downloading lots of streaming media or

[00:22:18] [SPEAKER_03]: you're doing zoom calls all the rest of multiple people are in the house are doing it at the same

[00:22:22] [SPEAKER_03]: time and you say only have 50 megabits which a lot of people are still on then everything can slow down

[00:22:27] [SPEAKER_03]: if you're on a faster plan obviously everything is just sped up but the other side of the coin

[00:22:31] [SPEAKER_03]: is you get usually faster upload speeds too and that's important because every device that

[00:22:36] [SPEAKER_03]: is backing up to eye-cloud or Google backup or Google photos and people uploading things

[00:22:40] [SPEAKER_03]: when you talk on zoom the video that people are seeing of you is being uploaded and the faster

[00:22:44] [SPEAKER_03]: your upload speeds are and they're better chance that can see you nicely and clearly so

[00:22:49] [SPEAKER_03]: it's also important that if you have fiber to the premises which is the fiber that people want

[00:22:53] [SPEAKER_03]: to write to their homes if it's available in your area at the moment NBN is offering a free upgrade

[00:22:57] [SPEAKER_03]: I'm definitely considering it for where I am I just haven't done any yet because I'm on another

[00:23:02] [SPEAKER_03]: pre-NBN system that was more reliable at almost never goes down here people with NBN managers but

[00:23:08] [SPEAKER_03]: if you get that the originally you have to go to a 250 megabits 500 megabits or gigabits plan

[00:23:13] [SPEAKER_03]: and of course buy Apple next year you'll be able to get two gigabits but you had to upgrade from

[00:23:17] [SPEAKER_03]: 100. That's upgrade from your current plan and there has been a lot of talk that NBN is getting

[00:23:21] [SPEAKER_03]: rid of it so you can still be on the same plan you're on now like the 100 megabits plan and not

[00:23:25] [SPEAKER_03]: have to go to a faster plan so the price should say the same but you're on nice pristine

[00:23:30] [SPEAKER_03]: fiber or right to your house so eventually they're not going to do that for free anymore and

[00:23:34] [SPEAKER_00]: so for ten year area you should definitely consider it. That's Alex Harrow Wright from Take

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