S27E117: Colossal Black Hole Jets, Europa Clipper's Launch, and Iran's Defiant Missile Test

[00:00:00] [SPEAKER_00]: This is SpaceTime series 27, episode 117, for broadcasts on 27 September 2024. Coming up on SpaceTime, the biggest black hole Jets ever seen,

[00:00:13] [SPEAKER_00]: NASA's Europa Clipper Mission ready for launch to the Javion Ice Moon, and Iran tests another nuclear capable missile in defiance of United Nations resolutions.

[00:00:24] [SPEAKER_00]: All that and more coming up on SpaceTime.

[00:00:30] [SPEAKER_03]: With Stuart Gary.

[00:00:47] [SPEAKER_00]: Astronomers have detected the biggest pair of black hole Jets ever seen, spani an incredible

[00:00:52] [SPEAKER_00]: 23 million light years. That's the equivalent of lining up 140 milky way galaxies end to end.

[00:01:00] [SPEAKER_00]: A report in the journal Nature claims this jet and mega structure, which has been named

[00:01:04] [SPEAKER_00]: Profiron after a giant Greek mythology, dates back to a time when the universe was just 6.3 billion

[00:01:10] [SPEAKER_00]: years old, less than half its current 13.8 billion year age. The state is lead author, Martin O'E from

[00:01:17] [SPEAKER_00]: Caltech, says the first outflows with a total pair are put equivalent to trillions of sons,

[00:01:22] [SPEAKER_00]: shoots out from above and below a supermassive black hole at the heart of a remote galaxy.

[00:01:27] [SPEAKER_00]: Prior to Profiron's discovery, the largest confirmed black hole Jets system was Alcioneus,

[00:01:33] [SPEAKER_00]: also named after a giant in Greek mythology. Alcioneus discovered in 2022 by the same team

[00:01:39] [SPEAKER_00]: that found the fire on Span's equivalent of around 100 milky way galaxies. Now for a comparison,

[00:01:45] [SPEAKER_00]: the well-known and stated centurus A-Jets, the closest major jet system to Earth, spans about

[00:01:51] [SPEAKER_00]: 10 milky way galaxies. These latest findings suggest that these giant jet systems may have

[00:01:57] [SPEAKER_00]: had a larger influence in the formation of galaxies in the younger universe than previously thought.

[00:02:02] [SPEAKER_00]: Profiron existed during an early e-park when the Whispy filaments that connect and feed galaxies

[00:02:07] [SPEAKER_00]: known as the Cosmic Web were closer together than what they are now. That means an

[00:02:12] [SPEAKER_00]: almost yet like the fire on reached across a far greater portion of the Cosmic Web compared to

[00:02:17] [SPEAKER_00]: Jets in the local universe today. Astronomers believe that galaxies in their central

[00:02:22] [SPEAKER_00]: supermassive black holes co-a-volve and one key aspect of this is that the Jets can spread huge

[00:02:28] [SPEAKER_00]: amounts of energy which affect the growth of both the host galaxies as well as other galaxies

[00:02:32] [SPEAKER_00]: nearby. But this new discovery clearly shows these effects can extend much further out than previously

[00:02:38] [SPEAKER_00]: thought. The Profiron Jet Systems, the biggest found so far during a sky survey,

[00:02:44] [SPEAKER_00]: it's already revealed a shocking number of these faint mega structures more than 10,000.

[00:02:50] [SPEAKER_00]: This massive population of Gaagatua and Jets was found using Europe's low-file low frequency array

[00:02:55] [SPEAKER_00]: ready at telescope. While hundreds of large jet systems were already known before the

[00:03:06] [SPEAKER_00]: Earth's began this campaign. But they had no idea that there would turn out to be so many.

[00:03:16] [SPEAKER_00]: Back in 2018, the authors began using low-file not to study black hole jets, but the

[00:03:21] [SPEAKER_00]: filaments of galaxies, galaxies, galaxies and super clusters at Chris Cross the Cosmos

[00:03:26] [SPEAKER_00]: and board of the vast empty voids that make up the Cosmic Web like structure of the universe.

[00:03:31] [SPEAKER_00]: As the team were inspecting the radio images of these faint filaments, they began to notice

[00:03:36] [SPEAKER_00]: several strikingly long jet systems. Oh he says when he first found the giant Jets,

[00:03:42] [SPEAKER_00]: it was quite surprised because he had no idea there'd be so many.

[00:03:46] [SPEAKER_00]: To systematically search for more hidden jets, the authors inspected the radio images by eye

[00:03:51] [SPEAKER_00]: and they used machine learning tools to scan the images for signs of looming Jets.

[00:03:55] [SPEAKER_00]: A separate paper describing the most recent batch of giant haplos containing more than 8,000

[00:04:01] [SPEAKER_00]: jet pairs has already been reported in the journal Astronomy and Astrophysics.

[00:04:06] [SPEAKER_00]: To find the galaxy from which Pafiron originated, the team used the giant meter wave

[00:04:10] [SPEAKER_00]: radio telescope in India, along with then silerey data from the dark energy spectroscopic

[00:04:15] [SPEAKER_00]: instrument dizzy at the kit peaked national observatory in Arizona. The observations

[00:04:20] [SPEAKER_00]: pinpointed the home of these jets to a hefty galaxy about 10 times more massive than our milky way.

[00:04:26] [SPEAKER_00]: The authors then used a kick-absorbitary in Hawaii to show that Pafiron is some 7 and a half

[00:04:31] [SPEAKER_00]: billion light years from Earth. Oh he says that up until now these giant jet systems appear to be

[00:04:37] [SPEAKER_00]: a phenomenon of the recent universe. But if distant jets like these can reach the sky across the

[00:04:42] [SPEAKER_00]: Cosmic Web, then every place in the universe may have been affected by black electricity at

[00:04:47] [SPEAKER_00]: some point in cosmic time. The observations from kick also revealed that Pafiron

[00:04:52] [SPEAKER_00]: emerged from what is called a radiative mode active black hole as opposed to one that's in a

[00:04:58] [SPEAKER_00]: jet mode state. Now when supermassive black holes become active, in other words, when there

[00:05:02] [SPEAKER_00]: immense gravitational forces start tugging on and heating up surrounding material, they're thought

[00:05:07] [SPEAKER_00]: to either emit energy in the form of radiation or jets. Radiative mode black holes were more

[00:05:13] [SPEAKER_00]: common in the young, what distant universe, while jet modes are more common in the modern day,

[00:05:18] [SPEAKER_00]: present day universe. The fact that Pafiron came from a radiative mode black hole came is

[00:05:24] [SPEAKER_00]: some of the surprise for astronomers because they didn't know this mode could produce such huge

[00:05:28] [SPEAKER_00]: powerful jets. What's more because Pafiron lies in the distant universe where radiative mode black

[00:05:34] [SPEAKER_00]: holes are bound, defining in place there's got to be lots more colossal jets like this

[00:05:39] [SPEAKER_00]: left to be discovered. Oh, he thinks we may be looking at just the tip of the iceberg.

[00:05:44] [SPEAKER_00]: The low-fart server has surf our only cover to about 15% of the sky and most of these giant jets

[00:05:50] [SPEAKER_00]: are likely to be difficult to spot so there are likely to be many more of these behemoths out there.

[00:05:55] [SPEAKER_00]: Exactly how these massive jets can extend surf our beyond their Earth's galaxies without the

[00:06:00] [SPEAKER_00]: stabilizing is still unclear. See, there isn't anything particularly special about the environment

[00:06:06] [SPEAKER_00]: of these giant sources that would cause them to reach these huge scales. So the authors are speculating

[00:06:12] [SPEAKER_00]: that you'd need it an usually long-lived and stable accretion disk around a black hole to allow

[00:06:17] [SPEAKER_00]: to be active for so long, we're talking about a billion years here to ensure that the jets keep

[00:06:21] [SPEAKER_00]: pointing in the same direction over all that time. What astronomers are learning from the large number

[00:06:27] [SPEAKER_00]: of these jets is that it must have been a relatively common occurrence. As for the next step,

[00:06:33] [SPEAKER_00]: we'll only want to better understand exactly how these mega structures are influencing their surroundings.

[00:06:38] [SPEAKER_00]: These jets are spreading cosmic rays, heat, heavy atoms and magnetic fields throughout the space

[00:06:44] [SPEAKER_00]: between galaxies, and that could be both triggering more starburst formation and also

[00:06:49] [SPEAKER_00]: blowing material out of galaxies turning them red and dead. This is space-time.

[00:06:56] [SPEAKER_00]: Still to come? NASA's Europa Clipper mission ready for next month's launch to the joven ice

[00:07:01] [SPEAKER_00]: and Iran tests another nuclear capable missile in the fights of United Nations resolutions.

[00:07:08] [SPEAKER_00]: All that are more still to come? I'm Space Time.

[00:07:26] [SPEAKER_00]: All systems in our go for next month's launch of NASA's Europa Clipper mission

[00:07:30] [SPEAKER_00]: are studied the oceans of the joven ice moon Europa. Sledded for launch from the Kennedy Space

[00:07:36] [SPEAKER_00]: Center in Florida on October 10 aboard a SpaceX Falcon Heavy comprising three Falcon 9 rockets

[00:07:42] [SPEAKER_00]: mounted side by side, Europa Clipper will be the first NASA spacecraft dedicated to studying

[00:07:47] [SPEAKER_00]: an ocean world beyond Earth. Its primary mission is to discover whether the global liquid

[00:07:53] [SPEAKER_00]: water-efficient beneath Europa's ice-y crust could be habitable. The 6,000 kilogram Europa Clipper

[00:07:59] [SPEAKER_00]: is the largest spacecraft ever built for a NASA planetary mission. The vehicle extends some

[00:08:05] [SPEAKER_00]: 30 and a half meters from one end to the other and it's about 17.6 meters across. That's bigger than

[00:08:12] [SPEAKER_00]: basketball court thanks in large part to a huge solar arrays. They need to be huge so they

[00:08:18] [SPEAKER_00]: can collect enough sunlight while the Jupiter to power the spacecraft's instruments electronics

[00:08:22] [SPEAKER_00]: and other subsystems. It'll take 5 and 1.5 years to travel the 2.9 billion kilometers

[00:08:28] [SPEAKER_00]: to the joven ice moon. Europa Clipper will then spend a further four years studying the

[00:08:34] [SPEAKER_00]: 3,120 kilometer wide Galilean moon undertaking a series of 49 close flybys, especially designed

[00:08:41] [SPEAKER_00]: to avoid as much of Jupiter's dangerous radioactive belts possible. See Jupiter is surrounded by

[00:08:47] [SPEAKER_00]: a giant magnetic field some 20,000 times stronger than the Earth. As this field spins through

[00:08:54] [SPEAKER_00]: space it captures an accelerates charged particles generating radiation that can damage spacecraft.

[00:09:01] [SPEAKER_00]: So mission managers decide Europa Clipper with a special vault that shield its most sensitive

[00:09:06] [SPEAKER_00]: electronics from this radiation and they plot it orbits that will limit the amount of time

[00:09:12] [SPEAKER_00]: Europa Clipper spends in the most heavily radiated areas around Jupiter. On each highly

[00:09:17] [SPEAKER_00]: elliptical orbit the spacecraft will spend less than an Earth Day in Jupiter's dangerous

[00:09:21] [SPEAKER_00]: radiation zone near Europa before being flung back out. Then 2 to 3 weeks later it'll repeat the

[00:09:28] [SPEAKER_00]: process making another close flybys. Data from previous NASA missions including the twin-boyge

[00:09:34] [SPEAKER_00]: spacecraft in the 1980s, the Galileo mission in the 1990s and the current Juno mission still orbiting

[00:09:40] [SPEAKER_00]: Jupiter have all provided scientists with strong evidence that Europa's salty liquid water

[00:09:46] [SPEAKER_00]: ocean contains minerals which could have infused into the water from depotion vents on the sea floor.

[00:09:52] [SPEAKER_00]: There would be very similar to the mid-Acean ridges on Earth which team with unique lifeforms

[00:09:57] [SPEAKER_00]: not seen anywhere else on the planet and which many scientists speculate could have been where

[00:10:02] [SPEAKER_00]: life on Earth first began. If we find that the same thing happened on Europa it would mean two

[00:10:09] [SPEAKER_00]: independent regions of space where life is spontaneously evolved and that would suggest that life

[00:10:16] [SPEAKER_00]: is common throughout the universe. The European Space Agency's Jupiter Icy Moon's explorer

[00:10:22] [SPEAKER_00]: or juice spacecraft which was launched in April last year is already on its way to the Jovian

[00:10:27] [SPEAKER_00]: system. Its primary mission is to study getting made but it will also inspect Clisto and Europa.

[00:10:34] [SPEAKER_00]: In fact it will undertake two close flybys if Europa provides complementary data to the NASA mission.

[00:10:40] [SPEAKER_00]: Scientists believe that Europa is one of the most promising places to look for currently

[00:10:44] [SPEAKER_00]: habitable conditions beyond Earth. There's sight of evidence that the ingredients of life, water,

[00:10:50] [SPEAKER_00]: the right chemistry and energy may all exist on Europa right now. And Europa Clipper will

[00:10:56] [SPEAKER_00]: be one of the information scientists need to find out for sure. Europa's subsurface ocean holds

[00:11:02] [SPEAKER_00]: twice the amount of water of all of Earth oceans combined and it may also host organic compounds

[00:11:08] [SPEAKER_00]: in energy sources under its surface. If the mission determines Europa is habitable it would mean

[00:11:14] [SPEAKER_00]: there's more than one habitable world in our solar system. To determine if Europa's habitable Europa

[00:11:19] [SPEAKER_00]: Clipper must first determine the thickness of the Moon's Icy crust as well as its interactions

[00:11:24] [SPEAKER_00]: with the ocean below and then assess the Moon's interior its composition and its geology.

[00:11:30] [SPEAKER_00]: To do this the spacecraft carries nine scientific instruments as well as a gravity experiment

[00:11:35] [SPEAKER_00]: using the telecommunication system. In order to obtain the best science data during each flyby

[00:11:41] [SPEAKER_00]: all the spacecraft science instruments will need to operate simultaneously on every pass.

[00:11:47] [SPEAKER_00]: Mission managers will then be able to lay the data together in order to pay to fuller

[00:11:51] [SPEAKER_00]: the Moon. Jupiter is on average about 770 million kilometers from Earth with both planets in motion

[00:11:58] [SPEAKER_00]: they're often an opposite answer there orbits to each other but the Europa Clipper spacecraft itself

[00:12:03] [SPEAKER_00]: can only carry a limited amount of fuel so mission planners are instead sending Europa Clipper

[00:12:09] [SPEAKER_00]: pass Mars and then pass the Earth using both planets gravity as a sort of slingshot to add

[00:12:14] [SPEAKER_00]: speed to the spacecraft's trek after Juni some 2.9 billion kilometers over the next 5

[00:12:21] [SPEAKER_00]: years the spacecraft will fire its engines in order to achieve orbit insertion around Jupiter

[00:12:26] [SPEAKER_00]: in 2030 more from NASA TV. The most exciting thing about Europa can be summarized in one word

[00:12:34] [SPEAKER_03]: to water. Now think about all the water on Earth and double that that's what we think is on

[00:12:40] [SPEAKER_04]: Europa. We need to go there to explore it to understand is this place a habitable environment that

[00:12:49] [SPEAKER_02]: could potentially support life. Getting close to Europa as a huge challenge it sits in the worst

[00:12:55] [SPEAKER_04]: possible radiation environment trapped by Jupiter. Europa is a moon of Jupiter about the size of Earth's

[00:13:08] [SPEAKER_04]: moon which has an icy surface that probably hides a subsurface ocean.

[00:13:15] [SPEAKER_05]: Size is think Europa has the key ingredients to support life as we know it. Number one water.

[00:13:21] [SPEAKER_05]: Number two energy and three essential chemical building blocks.

[00:13:27] [SPEAKER_05]: For the first time ever we're sending a spacecraft completely dedicated to studying this moon.

[00:13:33] [SPEAKER_02]: The three main things that we're going to explore at Europa are the ice and ocean and

[00:13:37] [SPEAKER_02]: understand that intersection between the two study the chemical composition of the moon

[00:13:42] [SPEAKER_02]: as well as the geology and whether it's active currently. Europa Clipper is not specifically

[00:13:47] [SPEAKER_04]: a life search mission. We're going to understand the potential habitability of this spacecraft

[00:13:57] [SPEAKER_04]: has nine instruments and a gravity science investigation. Five of the instruments are called

[00:14:04] [SPEAKER_04]: remote sensing instruments because they measure light reflected off Europa like a camera or a

[00:14:09] [SPEAKER_04]: spectrometer. The other four instruments are measuring the environment around them like sniffing

[00:14:16] [SPEAKER_02]: gases or dust. Europa Clipper is the largest spacecraft NASA has ever built for a planetary mission.

[00:14:23] [SPEAKER_05]: It weighs 13,000 pounds six and a half pounds that's like the size of a huge African elephant.

[00:14:30] [SPEAKER_02]: And the solar rays are massive. If you put the solar rays at the toes of the

[00:14:34] [SPEAKER_02]: statue of Liberty, the other end of the Arrays would come up to the statue of Liberty's crown.

[00:14:38] [SPEAKER_03]: So not only are they big these things are technological marvels. They are being bathed in radiation

[00:14:44] [SPEAKER_03]: all the time and they have to survive the entire mission like that. Jupiter's radiation environment

[00:14:50] [SPEAKER_02]: is intense and Europa sits in the worst part of that environment. Jupiter acts like a giant particle

[00:14:58] [SPEAKER_04]: accelerator. There are charged particles trapped in Jupiter's magnetosphere that rotate with it.

[00:15:04] [SPEAKER_04]: And these particles slam against Europa and will slam into our spacecraft as well.

[00:15:10] [SPEAKER_05]: We protect the spacecraft in two ways. Number one, we try to minimize the amount of time we

[00:15:14] [SPEAKER_05]: spend in there which is why we are orbiting Jupiter and just flying by Europa. The second way

[00:15:20] [SPEAKER_05]: we protect against the radiation is by having an electronics vault that we put our computer

[00:15:25] [SPEAKER_05]: at some of the other sensitive electronic inside, which is made out of a third of an inch of aluminum.

[00:15:33] [SPEAKER_02]: With each fly by of Europa, the outside surface of the spacecraft sees the equivalent of a

[00:15:38] [SPEAKER_03]: million chest X-rays just as we're flying by. It's a pretty long trip to get to Jupiter from Earth,

[00:15:44] [SPEAKER_04]: but not that bad from a planetary standpoint. From launch to the time we get to Jupiter is about

[00:15:50] [SPEAKER_04]: five and a half years and along the way we have a fly by of Mars and then another fly by of Earth

[00:15:57] [SPEAKER_04]: to get gravity assists to slingshot the spacecraft out to Jupiter. I hope for the future explorers

[00:16:07] [SPEAKER_05]: are watching this at home that they take away from this that humanity when we come together can

[00:16:12] [SPEAKER_04]: achieve really cool things. This mission has been a long time coming and we're so excited about

[00:16:20] [SPEAKER_03]: what we're going to see when we get there. We are in a golden age of robotics space flight exploration.

[00:16:27] [SPEAKER_02]: How could you not be excited about something as monumental as this? I am most excited about the

[00:16:39] [SPEAKER_02]: world that exists and has likely existed in this condition for orbit. And in that report from

[00:16:55] [SPEAKER_00]: Mass TV, we heard from Europa Clipper Project, Siders Robert Papalaro, Europa Clipper launched

[00:17:00] [SPEAKER_00]: to Mars mission manager Tracy Drain, Europa Clipper Project manager Jordan Evans

[00:17:05] [SPEAKER_00]: and Europa Clipper Tilcom's system engineer the packs been ever seen. This is space time.

[00:17:12] [SPEAKER_00]: Still to come, Iran tests another nuclear capable missile in direct defiance of United Nations

[00:17:18] [SPEAKER_00]: resolutions and later in the science report, the surprising discovery of a decline in the consumption

[00:17:24] [SPEAKER_00]: of alcohol among today's young people. All that and more still to come, on space time.

[00:17:45] [SPEAKER_00]: Iran has launched another medium-range ballistic missile into orbit as it continues to perfect its

[00:17:51] [SPEAKER_00]: plan nuclear weapons delivery system. The launch which defies U.N. Security Council

[00:17:56] [SPEAKER_00]: resolutions was undertaken using a current 100 missile. The current 100 is T-Rans first three

[00:18:03] [SPEAKER_00]: stage solid field missile. It can carry twice the payload of its predecessor the quest said

[00:18:08] [SPEAKER_00]: without any increase in missile mass. The Qarams first stage uses gimbal thrust to vector control

[00:18:15] [SPEAKER_00]: for steering and has an advanced carbon fiber composite wound casing to reduce the mass.

[00:18:20] [SPEAKER_00]: Tehran says the rocket blasted off from a mobile launcher at the Islamic Revolutionary

[00:18:25] [SPEAKER_00]: Guards missile test range for 150kms east of the capital. It placed a 60kms defense ministry

[00:18:32] [SPEAKER_00]: dummy payload into a 550kms high orbit. Iran state television claims the

[00:18:38] [SPEAKER_00]: Chumran one satellite as it's been designated is designed to test electronic systems for

[00:18:43] [SPEAKER_00]: orbital maneuvering technology. The Islamic State, which is the world's largest sponsor of terrorism,

[00:18:48] [SPEAKER_00]: has been actively developing nuclear weapons and the means of delivering them with Israel

[00:18:53] [SPEAKER_00]: and the United States listed as its primary targets. Back in January, Tehran launched three

[00:18:59] [SPEAKER_00]: payloads into space using its Srimour or Sophia II stage liquid field rocket. That's based on

[00:19:06] [SPEAKER_00]: the North Korea no-dong or Horsan's seven medium-range ballistic missile which in turn is based on

[00:19:12] [SPEAKER_00]: earlier Russian's skad missile technologies. German and Swedish intelligence agencies have warned

[00:19:18] [SPEAKER_00]: of growing efforts by Iran to obtain technology needed to build nuclear weapons. The warings come

[00:19:24] [SPEAKER_00]: as the Islamic Republic continues to insist its nuclear activities are for purely peaceful

[00:19:29] [SPEAKER_00]: power generation purposes only. The German intelligence agency, Sistai Ran has not ceased

[00:19:35] [SPEAKER_00]: to strive to obtain weapons of mass destruction and the products used for their manufacture

[00:19:39] [SPEAKER_00]: as well as corresponding weapons carrier systems. Meanwhile Sweden's security service says that

[00:19:47] [SPEAKER_00]: seeking Swedish technology for nuclear weapons programs. The security service reported that Iran was

[00:19:53] [SPEAKER_00]: conducting industrial espionage, mainly targeting Swedish high-tech industries which can then be

[00:19:58] [SPEAKER_00]: used for nuclear weapons programs. The warnings come in the work of increased uranium enrichment

[00:20:03] [SPEAKER_00]: efforts by the Islamic Republic which is using every increasing cascades of centrifuges in an effort to

[00:20:32] [SPEAKER_00]: and time now for another brief look at some of the other stories making use in science this week

[00:20:37] [SPEAKER_00]: with the science report. A new study has found a link between polyunsaturated fatty acids during

[00:20:43] [SPEAKER_00]: fatal development and autism spectrum disorder in children. Autism is a neurodevelopmental

[00:20:49] [SPEAKER_00]: disorder that affects learning capability in social behavior. Although the exact causes remain unclear,

[00:20:55] [SPEAKER_00]: currently available evidence points to neuroinflammation as a major factor and several studies have

[00:21:00] [SPEAKER_00]: entered the importance of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their metabolites during pregnancy playing a

[00:21:06] [SPEAKER_00]: key role in autism development. Polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites are regulated by

[00:21:12] [SPEAKER_00]: cytocrome P450 or CYP enzymes and they affect field development causing impairments closely linked

[00:21:19] [SPEAKER_00]: to autism spectrum disorder symptoms. To test this hypothesis, the authors investigated the link

[00:21:25] [SPEAKER_00]: between polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolites in umbilical cord blood and autism scores in some

[00:21:31] [SPEAKER_00]: 200 children. A report in the journal psychiatry in clinical neurosciences,

[00:21:36] [SPEAKER_00]: analyze in the O'Neill umbilical cord blood samples collected immediately after birth

[00:21:41] [SPEAKER_00]: and then preserved for analysis until the kids were six years old. The samples were

[00:21:46] [SPEAKER_00]: then tested for CYP polyunsaturated fatty acid levels. The authors found dehydroxyancusat

[00:21:53] [SPEAKER_00]: rhinoc acids in cord blood that may have strong implications for autism severity. They found

[00:21:59] [SPEAKER_00]: high levels of the molecule had an impact on social interactions while lower levels impacted

[00:22:04] [SPEAKER_00]: repetitive and restrictive behaviors. And interestingly, this correlation was more specific for females than

[00:22:11] [SPEAKER_00]: females. Scientists have developed a new metacephospaced edge detecting filter for use in remote

[00:22:18] [SPEAKER_00]: sensing of agriculture and crops. The research by the Australian Research Council Center of

[00:22:24] [SPEAKER_00]: Excellence for Transformative Metaroptical Systems could pave the way for improvements in

[00:22:28] [SPEAKER_00]: environmental monitoring and surveillance systems as well as augmented reality and biomedical imaging.

[00:22:34] [SPEAKER_00]: The research reported in the journal Nature Communications realizes a new tunable edge detecting

[00:22:40] [SPEAKER_00]: filter for flat optical imaging systems that can switch between an image of an objects outline

[00:22:45] [SPEAKER_00]: and a detailed infrared image. The findings could lead to development of a new generation

[00:22:51] [SPEAKER_00]: of ultra compact, genible passive devices for all optical computation.

[00:22:57] [SPEAKER_00]: When you think back to the stuff you got up to during your teenage years, for many alcohol

[00:23:02] [SPEAKER_00]: playderals somewhere but any studies found a decline in the consumption of alcohol among young people

[00:23:09] [SPEAKER_00]: although the reasons remain a mystery. And interestingly, the findings reported in the drug

[00:23:14] [SPEAKER_00]: alcohol review show males were the stronger drivers of this decline. The study suggests that some

[00:23:20] [SPEAKER_00]: young people are choosing weed instead of alcohol but some of the authors are speculating that

[00:23:25] [SPEAKER_00]: the decline in drinking could be partially due to increased anxiety and loneliness among young people.

[00:23:32] [SPEAKER_00]: The authors say they're still plenty of research to be done to better understand this trend

[00:23:35] [SPEAKER_00]: and just how much the role of alcohol any young person's life has changed.

[00:23:41] [SPEAKER_00]: Well, of course it was only going to be a matter of time before celebrity boy psychic

[00:23:46] [SPEAKER_00]: Tyler Henry made it onto Australian skeptics. And it took 80's pop idol boy George to burst the bubble.

[00:23:53] [SPEAKER_00]: Tyler Henry was born as Tyler Henry Kloen in 1998 in Hanford, California. He claimed he first noticed

[00:24:00] [SPEAKER_00]: his clear-voink capabilities at the age of 10 when he got a premonition of his elderly grandmother's death.

[00:24:06] [SPEAKER_00]: Later he joined the professional paranormal circuit. Tim Mennam from Australian skeptics says

[00:24:12] [SPEAKER_00]: scientific skeptics have long argued that mediumship is a con and the formula is actually very simple.

[00:24:19] [SPEAKER_01]: Tyler Henry is a young fellow in a nutshell, how young he is. Not as a common one as young as he

[00:24:23] [SPEAKER_01]: makes that to be, he got a baby face, a face, a face with all his enthusiasm, etc.

[00:24:27] [SPEAKER_01]: He's a supposed psychic and a clear-voink and he can contact the death and he specialises

[00:24:32] [SPEAKER_01]: that TV shows his very popular apparently when he talks about celebrities. And he reveals a lot of

[00:24:37] [SPEAKER_01]: information and celebrities that the celebrities start crying and others had to ignore that and

[00:24:41] [SPEAKER_01]: can't be true if it contacted my granny and she says they see it's happy up in heaven and she says he's still

[00:24:45] [SPEAKER_00]: loves me. I think you can do what about the same celebs. So let's all talk about it.

[00:24:50] [SPEAKER_01]: Yeah, no celebrities are. I mean anybody's going to put a lot of stuff about themselves online

[00:24:55] [SPEAKER_01]: it's going to be celebrities. Okay so if Tyler goes around every show he goes around and

[00:25:00] [SPEAKER_01]: does a different celebrity often in their homes. And so he turns out that the doors stop

[00:25:04] [SPEAKER_01]: off, famous, pop singer Boy George, show the band culture club and everything else.

[00:25:09] [SPEAKER_01]: Who's been around for a long time? And anyone with an inch of modern-moved knowledge

[00:25:13] [SPEAKER_01]: of pop music would know a boy George, yes and this song is actually said it's not too bad.

[00:25:17] [SPEAKER_01]: Have a good day. Have a good day.

[00:25:18] [SPEAKER_00]: Boy George we're huge when I was starting out as a radio DJ.

[00:25:21] [SPEAKER_01]: Yeah absolutely. I like what the music is the clock of the heart with it.

[00:25:24] [SPEAKER_01]: Great song. Anyway, so Tyler turns up at the door of Boy George's home

[00:25:29] [SPEAKER_01]: boy says hello and Boy's asking, do you know who I am and Tyler says no, sorry I

[00:25:34] [SPEAKER_01]: don't know what they're doing. Having been told to go to his home and turn up like totally

[00:25:39] [SPEAKER_01]: random and he then starts revealing stuff about Boy George's background and the people he

[00:25:44] [SPEAKER_01]: knew and those who haven't. And Boy George's going, no, that's not true, no and Tyler's obviously

[00:25:50] [SPEAKER_01]: getting a bit frustrating with this. There's an only H.I.1 for the sobbing in front of him within

[00:25:54] [SPEAKER_01]: five seconds but George is saying no, they basically George's playing with it and in another room

[00:25:58] [SPEAKER_01]: Boy George's manager is watching this thing on play circuit TV and he gets annoyed because the

[00:26:04] [SPEAKER_01]: manager is very keen on his stuff has said up this and he's a believer in the psyche power

[00:26:09] [SPEAKER_01]: of things. And then halfway through the interview he goes rushing into the room where Boy

[00:26:12] [SPEAKER_01]: Jordan parlor Henry says, you do know someone like this, you do know someone else,

[00:26:16] [SPEAKER_01]: someone else, so you're pretending and Boy George is not doing pretty much the video of this

[00:26:21] [SPEAKER_01]: then he's been into just sort of coming in and making him look like a father of food or or a cheat.

[00:26:25] [SPEAKER_00]: Well I wonder who's been supplying Tyler Henry with the data on Boy George?

[00:26:28] [SPEAKER_01]: You wonder don't you about this person who's a manager who believes in this stuff and

[00:26:33] [SPEAKER_01]: who is arranged this story with Tyler. And Tyler Henry can just go look up his stuff,

[00:26:37] [SPEAKER_01]: I'm looked at that and it's all there online as most of these things are so it's called

[00:26:41] [SPEAKER_01]: hot reading, hot reading you do the psychic in quotes, so they researched beforehand and

[00:26:45] [SPEAKER_01]: don't sharpen a lot of facts about this person and you can try and work your way through

[00:26:49] [SPEAKER_01]: Facebook pages and stuff that's online everything's online. That's Tyler Henry's entire

[00:26:53] [SPEAKER_01]: deal but it is and people say he could never have known it and I found people who approached me

[00:26:58] [SPEAKER_01]: not necessarily about Tyler Henry and his clients that are other things of saying they could never have

[00:27:02] [SPEAKER_01]: known them and they're kind of off a money to them or they're very upset by them and I say right

[00:27:06] [SPEAKER_01]: think it's going to get a good thing on the phone look at your Facebook page, it's all there and they go

[00:27:10] [SPEAKER_01]: oh anything, it's so easy to do cold reading is when someone is sort of pitching questions

[00:27:17] [SPEAKER_01]: so you know they don't know the answers and then they try and pick up a little clues that the

[00:27:21] [SPEAKER_00]: client says or yes you don't have the same relation whose name starts with a G and what's it

[00:27:27] [SPEAKER_01]: do you mean my grandmother, yeah that's the last thing and his personal business, you know

[00:27:31] [SPEAKER_01]: my grandmother was a lovely lady, they're like do you feel in your grandmother has died?

[00:27:35] [SPEAKER_00]: yeah well that's a five of course my grandma has passed on.

[00:27:38] [SPEAKER_01]: Yes yeah that's cold reading and the basic reason is the psychic just feedback for things that the

[00:27:43] [SPEAKER_01]: client has already told the hot reading is even more sinister and we've had articles and there's a

[00:27:51] [SPEAKER_01]: little who did steam for these circuits and they showed how easily it is to get information online

[00:27:57] [SPEAKER_01]: detail information supposedly secret and personal information online people can't help themselves

[00:28:02] [SPEAKER_01]: but reveal this for someone else reveal that on their behalf they set up this funny website

[00:28:07] [SPEAKER_01]: the next time and but interviewed by a few famous circuits through them fed back the same

[00:28:12] [SPEAKER_01]: information to them which was totally wrong it's obviously the circuit was picking up information

[00:28:16] [SPEAKER_01]: online if they done their hot reading background I'm sure a Kyla Henry legal issues are

[00:28:20] [SPEAKER_01]: be surprised if Kyla Henry did not do something similar he does he's research turning out

[00:28:25] [SPEAKER_01]: for the doorstep of a famous pop singer and saying I don't know who you are you know that he's 15 years old

[00:28:30] [SPEAKER_01]: and has never listened to music in his life or he's feeling the problem is that halfway through

[00:28:35] [SPEAKER_01]: what we're doing sort of gives up and it looks like they're reading you're succeeding because

[00:28:39] [SPEAKER_01]: he does get a bit theory over some of the things that well the managers are talking to him

[00:28:42] [SPEAKER_01]: do we buy this he has talking to him and he's always brought to a good exact manager on the

[00:28:49] [SPEAKER_01]: board you're doing fun of this other people and on TV but it's actually fascinating to

[00:28:53] [SPEAKER_01]: do watch because it is a good example of operating and you see the use like it's frustration at first

[00:28:58] [SPEAKER_01]: when he's not reading is not playing off and then eventually does and a close pilot sort of so totally

[00:29:02] [SPEAKER_01]: innocent about all this so wow I discovered all these interesting things about this that's

[00:29:06] [SPEAKER_00]: Timindum from Austria in skeptics and that's the show for now space time is available every Monday

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