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This is Space Time series 27 episode 26 for broadcast on the
00:00:04
28th of February 2024. Coming up on Space Time, a new record
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breaking black hole quasar, strong evidence that supernova
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1987 A produced a neutron star and Earth's first building
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blocks of life. How could they have survived the early planet's
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radiation? All that and more coming up on Space Time.
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Welcome to Space Time with Stuart Gary.
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Astronomers have discovered the brightest and fastest growing
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black hole quasar ever seen quasars are powerful beams of
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energy and matter generated by material being crushed and
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ripped apart in the accretion disk surrounding a feeding
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supermassive black hole.
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While most of the material in the disc will eventually pass a
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point of no return called the event horizon and then fall
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forever towards the black hole's singularity. Some of the
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material gets caught up in powerful magnetic fields before
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reaching the event horizon. This material is then focused by the
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magnetic fields and fired out into deep space as beams or jets
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at super Luminal speeds.
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Now, depending on the angle they're seen at astronomers
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refer to these jets as quasars blazar or active galactic
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nuclei. These beams can be bright enough to be seen across
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on the other side of the universe. And they were the most
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distant objects ever detected.
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Prior to the arrival of the latest generation of telescopes,
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the newly detected quasar called J 529 minus 4351 is over 12
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billion light years away. A report in the Journal Nature
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Astronomy claims the black hole is a mass of more than 17
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billion suns and it's growing by at least one solar mass per
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Earth day.
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The matter being pulled towards the black hole on its secretion
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disc emits so much energy that J 0 529 minus 4351 is over 500
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trillion times more luminous than the Sun. And that makes it
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the most luminous object in the known universe.
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Now, just a few years ago, NASA and the European Space Agency
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reported that the Hubble space telescope had discovered a
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quasar or J 043, 947.08 plus 163415.7 which was as bright as
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600 trillion suns. However, that quasar's brightness was being
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magnified by the gravitational lensing effect of a foreground
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galaxy.
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The actual luminosity of the quasar was more like 11 trillion
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suns, not bad but nowhere near as bright as this newly
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discovered one as a general rule the most luminous quasars
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indicate the fastest growing supermassive black holes.
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One of the study's authors, Samuel I from the Australian
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National University says all of this light is coming from a hot
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accretion disc some seven light years in diameter, which is
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probably the lightest aion disc in the known universe. Now, to
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put that in perspective, seven light years is about 15
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times the distance between the Sun and the orbit of Neptune.
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It's twice as far away as the Sun's nearest stellar neighbor
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Proxima Centauri. And remarkably, this record breaking
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quasar was apparently hiding in plain sight. In fact, the study
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's authors are surprised that it remained unknown until now.
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It turns out the quasar had shown up in images from the
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European Southern Observatory Schmidt's southern sky dating
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back to 1980 but it wasn't recognized as a quasar until
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decades later, finding quasars requires precise observational
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data from large areas of the sky. The resulting data sets are
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so large. Researchers often use machine learning models to
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analyze them and to tell quasars apart from other celestial
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objects.
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The problem is these models are trained on existing data which
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limits potential candidates to objects similar to those already
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known. So if a new quasar that's more luminous than any
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previously observed quasar comes about, the program rejects it
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and instead classifies it as a star not too distant from Earth.
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Even an automated analysis of data by the European Space
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Agency's gas satellite passed over the black hole as being too
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bright for a quasar. Instead also suggesting it was probably
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a star.
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But lay and colleagues identified it as a distant
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quasar using observations from the Anu's 2.3 m telescope at the
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Siding Spring Observatory in far Western New South Wales,
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discovering that it was the most luminous quasar ever observed.
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However, required a larger telescope and measurements from
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a more precise instrument.
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And that's where the ex user spectrograph on the European
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Southern observatory's very large telescope in the Chilean
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Andes came in. Lai says, finding and studying distant
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supermassive black holes could shed new light on some of the
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mysteries of the early universe, including how their host
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Galaxies form and evolve.
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We did our study scanning 80 per cent of the whole sky looking
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for bright quasars and we found one unexpectedly at the highest
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ratio that is the furthest away quasar that was found through
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our selection method and this was J 59 minus 4351. And so we
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took additional measurements.
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Of course, we took some Australian instruments on the
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Siding Spring Observatory in Krua brand. And so we looked at
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it through the Anu 2.3 m telescope and the sky mapper
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survey telescope. And we also used an 8 m class telescope in
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Chile called the very large telescope. We collected
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additional data in order to make more precise measurements.
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What do we know about it from the measurements? You've taken.
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Yeah, there are best estimates of the black hole mass that is
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the black hole in the middle of the quasar. That's what's
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powering the higher reduce of output from this object. So this
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black hole has a mass of about 17 billion in solar masses and
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it has a luminosity output. That 's maybe 500 trillion times the
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luminosity of the Sun.
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That is you could put this object at about 100 par ses
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away, so much further away than the closest star. And that there
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would be about more than 300 light years away. And this
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object would still shine as brightly as the Sun in our sky.
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So this is an incredibly bright object with a stupendous radius
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of output that is clearly beyond our human comprehension.
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When you guys discovered this thing and you realized that it
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wasn't a nearby star was actually a quasar 12 billion
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light years away. How did you feel?
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Yeah, I mean, it, it was pretty incredible because through our
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selection study, when we were looking for bright quasars in
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all sky, really. But we found a lot of new ones in the southern
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sky because it's less well studied. We were mostly looking
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at closer quasars.
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Most of the new quasars that we found were lower red shift that
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is ever closer to us. But one object popped out and it was an
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object that said a red shift of 3 roughly there and it was,
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it was really incredible because we never expected to find an
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object that far away through our selection.
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And so it was really a slap in the face kind of moment and, you
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know, science happens not by eureka moments, but also by what
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is this correct sort of, sort of moment? Because we really needed
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to make sure that our estimates were correct and confirm our
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findings.
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So you double checked and triple checked and checked again and
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got somebody else to review.
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Exactly. Yes. Yeah, more than one person, I mean that we
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published it in.
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Nature, the size of this thing. The Christian itself is what,
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seven light years across. Yeah, that's why.
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That's right. If we, if we take our extrapolations of how large
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the accretion disc must be in order for this luminosity, then
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we will find out that this guy is seven light years across and
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each light year is, you know, nine trillion kilometers. So
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this is an absolutely massive.
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Accretion twice as far as the nearest star. That's exactly
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right. Yeah. Other than the Sun, I mean, this is part of a larger
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server, you were saying yes.
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This is indeed part of a larger survey where we found over 100
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nearly discovered quasar. So the survey is called brick or all
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sky bright complete quasar survey. There are work that
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we've been doing in, in, in all of the sky and 80% of the sky.
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We've been scanning and we've developed a novel method for
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distinguishing these quasars from a lot of stars. So we're in
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the era of very large data sets and astronomy.
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So we need to come up with more clever ways to characterize and
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classify these objects. This quasar was missed in the past
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because now that we have so much data, we usually the data
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through perhaps artificial intelligence or other sorts of
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classification algorithms. And because of the brightness of
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this object, it was originally misclassified as a star.
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And so what it took humans to make the final determination
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because of that. Yes.
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So it took us to come up with a different method that's
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different from what everyone else is using in order to pick
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out this object as a potential quasar candidate.
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Are you surprised that there is something so big so far in the
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early universe?
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Yeah, I mean, it is surprising in a sense, but the universe is
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large and we have found very extreme objects that are very
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far away.
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And this has caused a sort of tension in the black hole
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community in the sense that some of these black holes are so
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large, so super masses that we're not exactly sure how they
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form the best way that we know that these black holes or any
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black hole forms in general is the collapse of a massive star.
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But even if you allow for all the time in the universe by the
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time that we observe these kinds of objects, for them to continue
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to accrete mass or to continue to grow by feeding on matter
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from its c there might still not be enough time for these objects
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to get to the size that they were observed.
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So there's a bit of tension in the community and that we've
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come up with a lot of other solutions for how you might be
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able to form these massive black holes.
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So if it's not population three stars that are doing it, these
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things must be forming directly out of the collapse of the same
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gas clouds that form Galaxies.
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Yes, very possible. So a collapse of supermassive stars,
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direct collapse of clouds of gas without fragmentation. And these
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are possible to form black hole seeds, we call them seeds from
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which these black holes continue to increase from. And these
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seeds can be 10 to the 4, 10 to the five.
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And that's always been one of the big debates, hasn't it?
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Which came first, the black hole or the galaxy around it? Well,
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this tends to at least there's evidence now with this sort of
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thing that the two are forming together in unison as part of a
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single process.
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Yes, that's exactly right. And in the community, the last
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couple of years has mostly been dominated by studies which
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estimate that the the Galaxies form first and then the
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supermassive black hole. But more recently with KWSD and the
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results like these ones. We're thinking that maybe in some
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certain cases that these black holes could have formed first
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and become a seed for the galaxy.
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So this is a classic chicken and egg problem, which one came
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first. And the most recent evidence are of these over
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masses black holes that is there, like the size of a black
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hole is roughly the same mass as all the stars in that galaxy.
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And this, this is off of our normal relations that we can
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apply in the local universe.
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So where to next with this discovery?
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So the next thing that we'd like to do is we'd like to use the
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very large telescopes gravity instrument. And so this
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instrument can go down to arc second or mill arc second
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angular resolution. And this is useful so that we can resolve
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the material that's orbiting around the black hole. So we can
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directly see this material that 's orbiting and investigate the
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dynamics of that region.
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And this will give us an even more precise measurements of the
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black hole map. We've taken spec of this object with a AU 2.3 m
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telescope. What did you find? Yeah. So we split the lights
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through a prism or a gray thing. And what we find when we split
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the light into various wavelengths.
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The surprise was that even with the optical instruments in the A
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U 2.3 m telescope, we could see the Lyman Alpha line clearly in
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the center of our wavelength coverage. And so that, that
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indicates this object is very high red shift. And that was the
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biggest surprise to us because this object was so bright. But
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it is in fact, so far away that the license traveled 12 billion
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years to reach instrument now.
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That you've seen this thing and you've been able to quantify it.
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What, what sort of experiments are you hoping to do?
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One of the most exciting things that I think that we can do with
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ultra luminous quasars like this one is something called the
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sandit test.
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This means that as the light from the quasar, if you think of
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it as a distant beacon, light help from the early universe, as
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the light travels through the cosmos on its way through us, it
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passes by lots of neutral hydrogen gas and this gas
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absorbs the light and creates what's called the Lyman Alpha
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Forest. So this creates a lot of absorption line past Lyman
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Alpha. So bluer at bluer wavelengths than Lyman Alpha.
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And so what this does is you can, you can get a lot of red
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shift estimates. And so in the future, and it may even be
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decades in the future. When we have, when we finally have these
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extremely large telescopes or 30 m class telescopes, we can look
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at these bright quasars such as J 529.
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And we can look at at the Lyman Alpha Forest to get a ton of red
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shift estimates. And all of these red shift estimates, we
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can continue to observe this object year by year and look at
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how these red shift change.
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And what we're actually seeing there is a change in the rest by
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year is we're seeing the universe expand in real time and
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we can use this quantity to look between different models of the
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universe and estimate which one is the most appropriate model of
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our universe's expansion.
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Well, there are tensions regarding the Hubble constant
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now, aren't there sir?
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This will help. Yes, exactly. Yes. This will help with the
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Hubble tension. This will help with our cosmological models and
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this will help in general with our understanding of how the
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universe behaves.
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That's Samuel Lai from the Australian National University
00:13:29
and this is Space Time still to come. New evidence that
00:13:34
supernova 1987 a produced a neutron star and Earth's first
00:13:39
building blocks of life. How could they have survived the
00:13:42
early planet's radiation? All that and more still to come on
00:13:46
Space Time?
00:14:01
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00:16:06
You're listening to Space Time with Stuart Garry.
00:16:11
The long running debate over whether supernova 1987 A formed
00:16:15
a neutron star or a black hole may finally have been resolved
00:16:19
with new observations from NASA 's Web Space telescope. Finding
00:16:23
clear evidence for emissions from a neutron star at the
00:16:26
center of the supernova remnant supernova.
00:16:29
1987 A marked the explosive death of a specter type B three
00:16:33
blue white super giant star called Sandalo Minus 69 202
00:16:38
which was located on the outskirts of the Tarantula
00:16:41
Nebula, 168 light years away in the large magellanic cloud.
00:16:46
A dwarf galaxy orbiting the milky way, the progenitor star
00:16:50
is estimated to have been around 20 times more massive than our
00:16:53
Sun light from the supernova reached Earth in February 1987
00:16:58
making it the closest observed supernova since the invention of
00:17:01
the telescope and Kepler supernova which was visible from
00:17:05
Earth in 1604, 1987.
00:17:08
A gave modern astronomers an opportunity to study a core
00:17:11
collapse type two supernova in unprecedented detail, gleaning
00:17:15
many new insights into stellar evolution. Now, based on the
00:17:19
mass, the progenitor star supernova 1987 A should have
00:17:23
produced a super dense compact stellar corpse called a neutron
00:17:27
star. And the neutrino data suggested that a compact object
00:17:31
did indeed form at the star's core.
00:17:34
The problem is, astronomers weren't able to confirm its
00:17:36
existence because it lay hidden concealed by a thick cloud of
00:17:40
cosmic dust and stellar debris. You see the supernova explosion
00:17:44
that took place at the end of the star's life resulted in a
00:17:47
huge amount of gas with a temperature of over a million
00:17:50
degrees.
00:17:52
But as the gas began to cool down, it quickly crashed to
00:17:55
below zero °C and some of this gas then condensed into solid
00:17:59
dust grains. The presence of this thick cloud of dust has
00:18:03
long been the main explanation as to why the missing neutron
00:18:06
star hasn't been observed.
00:18:08
But many astronomers were skeptical about this and they
00:18:11
began to question as to whether or not their understanding of
00:18:13
stellar life cycles was correct. And that's where the new web
00:18:17
observations come in. They Mark the first time that the effects
00:18:21
of high energy emissions from a probable young neutron star have
00:18:24
been detected about two hours prior to the first visible light
00:18:28
observations of supernova.
00:18:29
1987 a three observatories around the world detected a
00:18:33
burst of neutrinos lasting for about 10 seconds. That's the
00:18:37
amazing thing about supernovae. Although they shine brilliantly
00:18:40
right across the electromagnetic spectrum, they actually shine
00:18:43
even brighter in neutrinos.
00:18:45
And because neutrinos are so weakly interacting, they pass
00:18:49
through the remnants of the star without any hindrance. So they
00:18:52
get here much quicker. The two different types of observations
00:18:56
electromagnetic and neutrino were linked to the same
00:18:59
supernova event and provided important evidence to inform the
00:19:03
theory of how core collapse supernovae take place.
00:19:06
Of course, indirect evidence for the presence of a neutron star
00:19:09
at the center of the supernova room that's been around for the
00:19:12
past few years. And observations of much older supernova remnants
00:19:17
such as the crab nebula have confirmed that neutron stars are
00:19:20
often found in supernova remnants.
00:19:23
However, the study's lead author Clarice Fransen from Stockholm
00:19:26
University points out that no direct evidence of a neutron
00:19:29
star in the aftermath of supernova 1987 A had been
00:19:33
observed until now.
00:19:35
The Web Space telescope began scientific observations in July
00:19:39
2022 and it turned its focus to supernova 1987 A in the same
00:19:45
month making it one of the first objects observed by Web. The
00:19:49
authors used Webb's medium resolution spectrograph on the
00:19:52
mid infrared instrument to study each pixel allowing them to see
00:19:55
spectroscopic differences right across the object.
00:19:58
An analysis of the Doppler shift of each spectrum also permitted
00:20:02
the evaluation of the velocity of each position. A report in
00:20:06
the journal science claims spectral analysis of the results
00:20:09
showed a strong signal due to ionized argon at the center of
00:20:13
the ejected material which surrounds the original site of
00:20:16
supernova.
00:20:17
1987. A. And subsequent observations using Webb's near
00:20:21
infrared spectrograph at shorter wavelengths found even more
00:20:24
heavily ionized chemical elements, especially five times
00:20:28
ionized argon, meaning argon atoms that have lost five of
00:20:31
their 18 electrons.
00:20:33
Now doing this requires energetic photons to form and
00:20:37
those photons have to come from somewhere. Franson says it's
00:20:41
clear that there needs to be a source of very high energy
00:20:43
radiation at the center of the supernova remnants in order to
00:20:46
create the ions observed in the ejector.
00:20:49
And the only scenarios likely to cause this all involve a newly
00:20:54
born neutron star, this Space Time still to come Earth's first
00:20:59
building blocks of life. How did they survive the planet's early
00:21:03
radiation? And today's February the 28th, which means tomorrow
00:21:07
is February the 29th making this a leap year. But why is it? So
00:21:12
all that and more still to come on Space Time.
00:21:31
A new study has been looking at how the first building blocks of
00:21:34
life survived the radiation of the early Earth. The authors
00:21:38
speculate that sir like structures containing specific
00:21:41
antioxidants resistant to radiation could have allowed
00:21:44
some of the earliest building blocks of life on Earth to
00:21:46
survive the harsh conditions.
00:21:49
Early Earth is known to have much higher gamma radiation
00:21:52
levels than it does now. Which means that the first signs of
00:21:55
life would somehow have had to survive and grow on the levels
00:21:58
of radiation which we couldn't survive today.
00:22:01
A report in the Journal Nature Communications shows our
00:22:04
researchers developed a model of a protocell a likely ancestor to
00:22:08
cellular life containing poly phosphate and manganese ions and
00:22:12
exposed it to high levels of gamma radiation.
00:22:15
The researchers say their protocell model stayed intact
00:22:18
while other models without the manganese ions were destroyed.
00:22:22
And that suggests that manganese antioxidants could have been
00:22:25
part of the mechanism, protecting these building blocks
00:22:28
of life.
00:22:29
This is Space Time still to come. Tomorrow's February the
00:22:34
29th, which means it's a leap year. But why is it? So and
00:22:38
later in the science report, biologists discovered two new
00:22:41
animal species in the Australian Outback. All that and more still
00:22:45
to come on Space Time.
00:23:03
Well, today's February the 28th, which means tomorrow's February
00:23:06
the 29th and that makes this year a leap year. Many people
00:23:10
know that February gets an Extra Day during a leap year, but
00:23:13
often they don't know why leap years play a crucial role in
00:23:17
aligning our calendar with Earth 's orbit around the Sun.
00:23:21
The orbit otherwise known as a tropical year takes about 365.24
00:23:26
days to complete. And this is slightly longer than our
00:23:29
standard calendar year of 365 days. This extra quarter of a
00:23:34
day each year may seem insignificant, but over time, it
00:23:37
all adds up leading to a noticeable shift in our
00:23:40
calendar.
00:23:41
Without adjusting for this Extra Day, our calendar will gradually
00:23:45
fall out of sync with astronomical seasons causing a
00:23:48
significant drift over the years. And so to alleviate this
00:23:52
problem, leap years are added to prevent this drift and maintain
00:23:56
the alignment of our calendar with its journey around the Sun
00:24:00
to cut of the misalignment.
00:24:01
The Lee system adds an Extra Day to the calendar every four years
00:24:05
and the adjustment is made by extending February to 29 days.
00:24:10
But it's not that simple. The seemingly simple solution of
00:24:13
adding a day every four years had to be further refined in the
00:24:17
Gregorian calendar.
00:24:18
The most widely used calendar system today, leap years were
00:24:21
incorporated as far back as Roman Times when a year was
00:24:24
separated into 12 months lasting 365 days. But back in the year,
00:24:29
46 BC, Emperor Julius Caesar proposed a new Julian calendar
00:24:34
which would add an additional day to the shortest month of the
00:24:37
year.
00:24:37
February every four years in an attempt to allow for a
00:24:40
predictable correction of the issue of the quarter day drift.
00:24:44
However, this is actually a slight over correction of the
00:24:47
problem.
00:24:48
See, the solar year isn't 365.25 days, but in fact, slightly less
00:24:54
3652 solar days. And so the Julian calendar and the solar
00:25:00
year were still drifting apart, although at a far slower rate of
00:25:04
11.2 minutes per year by the late 15 hundreds, the small over
00:25:08
correction, the Julian calendar had accumulated to a drift of 13
00:25:12
days with respect to the solar year.
00:25:15
And that's where Pope Gregory the 13th comes in in 1582. He
00:25:20
gave us the Gregorian calendar which modified the Julian
00:25:23
calendar to account for the 11.2 minute drift to improve upon the
00:25:28
overcorrection made by the Julian calendar. The Gregorian
00:25:31
calendar skips three leap years every 400 years.
00:25:35
This gives an average year of 3655 solar days, which is
00:25:41
much closer to the solar year of 3652 solar days. Then of
00:25:47
course, there's the issue of leap seconds, but we'll deal
00:25:50
with that on another occasion. This is Space Time and time.
00:26:07
Now to take another brief look at some of the other stories
00:26:09
making news in science. This week with the science report, a
00:26:13
new clinical trial may have found the answer to people
00:26:16
forgetting to take the hypertension medication on time
00:26:19
after it showed that a single injection of a new drug called
00:26:23
zyl becerra can significantly lower blood pressure for up to
00:26:26
six months.
00:26:27
The drug works through RNA interference which is when small
00:26:31
pieces of RNA stop proteins from being made by binding to the RNA
00:26:36
that codes for those proteins.
00:26:38
The study found that doses of 153 100 or 600 mg every six
00:26:43
months or 300 mg every three months were able to decrease
00:26:46
blood pressure at three and six month intervals compared with a
00:26:50
placebo. The findings reported in the journal of the American
00:26:53
Medical Association suggested the drug could effectively treat
00:26:57
high blood pressure with injections. Two or four times a
00:27:00
year.
00:27:02
Scientists have discovered two new animal species in the
00:27:05
Australian Outback. The findings reported in the journal
00:27:09
Molecular ecology claim scientists have discovered the
00:27:12
aptly named delicate mouse is actually three separate species.
00:27:16
Researchers from the Australian National University in the C SI
00:27:20
O made the discovery during detailed genetic testing of the
00:27:23
small native rodent. The delicate mouse is a range
00:27:26
stretching from the Pilbara region of northern Western
00:27:29
Australia across parts of the northern territory through
00:27:32
Queensland and down to the northern New South Wales border.
00:27:35
The authors admit it can be difficult for the untrained eye
00:27:38
to tell the three species apart. That's where the genetic testing
00:27:42
comes in. The new discovery will provide a significant boost for
00:27:45
future conservation efforts for the tiny mouse.
00:27:50
A new study has shown that even over the COVID-19 pandemic,
00:27:53
people remained fairly consistent as to whether they
00:27:57
believed in conspiracy theories or not. The findings published
00:28:01
in the journal scientific reports are based on new
00:28:03
research looking at the conspiracy beliefs of nearly 500
00:28:06
New Zealanders and Australians over six months during 2021.
00:28:11
Notably, the number of people who started off agreeing with a
00:28:14
conspiracy theory but later changed their mind were offset
00:28:17
by a similar number of people going. The opposite way, Apple
00:28:22
have issued a warning telling people not to use rice to dry
00:28:25
their wet iphones. With the details. We're joined by
00:28:28
technology editor Alex Sarov Roy from tech advice.
00:28:32
Do live Apple is warning that you should not dry your iphone
00:28:36
in rice. Even though rice is known to suck all the moisture
00:28:40
out and look. Both Samsung and Apple will say that their
00:28:43
devices have water resistance up to a certain depth for a certain
00:28:46
number of minutes.
00:28:47
But neither of them will actually say that their devices
00:28:50
are completely waterproof. And in fact, I had a Sony device
00:28:53
that was marketed as being effectively waterproof. And I
00:28:56
remember putting it into a jug of water, not even very deep,
00:28:59
like 30 centimeters worth of water. And when I took it out,
00:29:03
even though the phone was being marketed, that was the end of
00:29:06
that.
00:29:06
Yeah, and, and looks so replaced it for me, it was very nice of
00:29:08
them. But, you know, they don't sell the exper devices in
00:29:11
Australia anymore and they had ads showing people swimming
00:29:13
underneath. So, you know, it's one of those things where just
00:29:15
because a device says it's waterproof.
00:29:17
Yeah, I've been to the Samsung store in George Street in Sydney
00:29:20
and I've seen their Galaxy sitting there at the bottom of a
00:29:23
little aquarium and quite happily. Yeah.
00:29:25
And that's because it can theoretically do that for 30
00:29:29
minutes or 60 minutes. They don't want to warrant it for
00:29:31
longer than that because it's meant to survive a quick dunk
00:29:34
into some water.
00:29:34
But really what happens is on your iphone, you get a warning
00:29:37
message telling you that there is moisture in the lightning or
00:29:40
nowadays the USB C port. And if you see that message, Apple
00:29:43
wants you to not plug the phone into the cable because it
00:29:46
obviously can zap the phone should it try to charge whilst
00:29:49
it's wet?
00:29:49
And you would think that putting it into rice, which people of
00:29:52
those years would be a good thing. But Apple is saying,
00:29:54
don't do that. And the reason actually is weird, they say that
00:29:57
there could be small particles of rice that could go inside the
00:30:00
connector which could damage the.
00:30:02
Rice, isn't it? Yeah.
00:30:03
Well, theoretically it is. And they're also saying
00:30:05
interestingly, don't use an external heat source or
00:30:08
compressed air. So don't get the hair dryer or a heater to try
00:30:11
and force it to dry. Don't use compressed air because I presume
00:30:14
you could force the water inside the phone. And they're even
00:30:17
saying, don't insert a foreign object such as a cotton swab or
00:30:20
a paper towel into the connector.
00:30:22
So really this is about the, tell me the same thing, but we
00:30:25
won't go into that.
00:30:27
What they're saying is that you should allow the phone to dry
00:30:31
out naturally. I mean, Mac and you said, you know, let it dry
00:30:34
out for several hours longer than you think it should be
00:30:36
dried for. If you keep seeing the message that your iphone
00:30:39
connector is wet then contact Apple.
00:30:42
I mean, you can also try using a different cable if it's working,
00:30:45
doing that with one cable and not with others. And look, the
00:30:48
best thing to do is to go to an Apple store. If you, if you
00:30:50
suspect there's real water damage there, those phone as
00:30:53
well. The best thing is to avoid water altogether. Now, I had.
00:30:56
A problem with my iphone. The screen wouldn't turn off after a
00:31:00
set period of time that I had set for it. And you told me to
00:31:04
make sure it's updated and that worked well.
00:31:06
That's right. Look, phones and devices are supposed to update
00:31:09
automatically.
00:31:11
The devices don't all update at the same time because if there's
00:31:15
a problem, then Apple or Microsoft or whoever has a
00:31:17
chance to, to find out what the problem is and fix it before
00:31:20
hundreds of millions of other devices are affected.
00:31:22
But also Apple has a billion active user accounts. If a
00:31:26
billion devices all hit upon Apple's services at the same
00:31:29
time, it would cause a distributed denial of service
00:31:32
attack or one. Basically something that replicated that
00:31:34
even though they were all customers.
00:31:35
So it's always a roll out nothing stopping you as an
00:31:38
individual from checking for those updates manually. And I'm
00:31:41
warning people every few weeks that the new update is and to
00:31:44
check because I know that you cannot always wait.
00:31:46
And usually on iphones and ipads and macs, if there's a problem.
00:31:50
And unless it's a physical hardware problem, usually an
00:31:53
update will fix it.
00:31:54
Whereas on the windows or potentially even Android side of
00:31:56
things, there can be some sort of malware or, you know, adware
00:31:59
or something at play that can be causing problems and what's
00:32:02
happening with your show on TNT this week this week, I'll be
00:32:04
speaking to a telecommunications expert and I've got a big
00:32:07
announcement which will be at my website advice on life and it's
00:32:10
to do with mobile communications.
00:32:12
And this is quite revolutionary. It's happening more or less in
00:32:16
the same week that the Mobile World Congress is happening in
00:32:19
Barcelona.
00:32:20
And this is not being showcased there, but it's going to be in
00:32:22
one sense more interesting than a lot of the other announcements
00:32:25
combined. So definitely check out my interview on TNT and
00:32:29
check out my website to learn more.
00:32:31
That's Alex Sahar of Reut from tech advice do live.
00:32:50
And that's the show for now. SpaceTime is available every
00:32:54
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