The Space, Astronomy & Science Podcast.
SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 32
*Juno's Icy Encounter: Oxygen Production on Europa
NASA's Juno spacecraft has made a groundbreaking discovery, directly measuring charged oxygen and hydrogen molecules on Jupiter's icy moon Europa. With findings reported in Nature Astronomy, this revelation provides critical insights into the moon's global subsurface ocean's potential habitability. Juno's flyby uncovers the atmospheric composition of Europa, offering a new understanding of its surface ice and the intriguing possibility that oxygen may fuel life deep within the moon's ocean.
*White Dwarf Stars Defying the Cooling Process
Astronomers are left baffled by a population of white dwarf stars that have mysteriously ceased cooling, a finding that upends long-standing theories about stellar evolution. The discovery, reported in the journal Nature, suggests that some white dwarfs might be generating extra energy, challenging the way scientists determine the age of these ancient celestial remnants and the history of our galaxy.
*Unlocking Neptune's Past with Icy Asteroids
The Kuiper Belt's icy rocks may hold the key to Neptune's formation. A study of the binary asteroid system Moore's Somnus, detailed in Astronomy and Astrophysics, suggests that the ice giants' tumultuous past and the solar system's evolution are etched in these frozen bodies. The research, aided by the James Webb Space Telescope, provides a glimpse into the chemistry and physics that shaped the outer reaches of our planetary neighborhood.
*Japan's Lunar Lander: A Survivor of the Lunar Night
JAXA's lunar lander, Slim, has unexpectedly survived the frigid lunar night and phoned home. Initially landing on its side, the probe managed to conduct scientific observations during a brief solar recharge. As Slim enters sleep mode once more, mission managers anticipate another attempt at revival with the next lunar dawn, marking Japan's advancement in lunar exploration.
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đź“‹ Episode Chapters
(00:00) NASA's Juno spacecraft measures oxygen production on icy moon Europa
(03:35) Scientists have discovered a population of white dwarf stars that have mysteriously stopped cooling
(07:47) A ring of icy rocks orbiting the sun just beyond Neptune may give astronomers clues
(16:53) Scientists say a mass bleaching event is currently unfolding on the Great Barrier Reef
(19:49) Apple have just released their latest iOS updates for iPhone and iPads
(20:53) Apple launches two new MacBook Air models with faster processors for artificial intelligence
(23:02) Spacetime is available every Monday Wednesday and Friday through various podcasting platforms
00:00:00
This is SpaceTime Series 27 Episode 32, for broadcast on the
00:00:05
13th of March 2024. Coming up on SpaceTime, NASA's Juno
00:00:10
spacecraft measures Oxygen Production on the Eiffel in
00:00:13
Europa, a new phenomenon challenging textbook definitions
00:00:17
of white dwarf stars, and Japan 's lunar lander put to sleep
00:00:22
after surviving the freezing lunar night. All that and more
00:00:25
coming up on SpaceTime.
00:00:29
Welcome to Space Time with Stuart Gary.
00:00:33
Thank you NASA's Juno spacecraft has directly measured charged
00:00:52
oxygen and hydrogen molecules from the atmosphere of Jupiter's
00:00:56
ice Moon Europa.
00:00:57
The findings, reported in the journal Nature Astronomy, will
00:01:01
provide scientists with key constraints on the potential
00:01:03
habitability of the distant world's global subsurface ocean.
00:01:08
Juno's principal investigator Scott Bolton from the Southwest
00:01:11
Research Institute says the study provides the first direct
00:01:15
in-situ measurements of the water components existing in
00:01:17
Europa's atmosphere, giving scientists a narrow range that
00:01:21
could support habitability. Back in 2022, Juno completed a flyby
00:01:26
of Europa, coming to within 352 kilometres of the Jovian Moon's
00:01:30
frozen surface.
00:01:32
Juno detected significant amounts of charged molecular
00:01:35
hydrogen and oxygen being lost from the Moon's atmosphere. It's
00:01:39
the first time scientists have been able to definitively detect
00:01:42
hydrogen and oxygen with in-situ measurements, and so further
00:01:45
confirm that Europa's atmosphere is made primarily of hydrogen
00:01:50
and oxygen molecules. Now, the source of these molecules is
00:01:54
thought to be water ice on Europa's surface.
00:01:57
Jupiter's rampant radiation breaks down H2O's molecular
00:02:01
bonds, leaving behind oxygen and hydrogen. The heavier oxygen
00:02:05
molecules remain more concentrated down on the surface
00:02:08
or near-surface atmosphere, while the lighter hydrogen
00:02:12
molecules escape into space. The oxygen produced in the ice is
00:02:16
either eventually lost from the atmosphere or it's sequestered
00:02:19
back into the surface.
00:02:21
Now, oxygen retained in Europa's crustal ice may work its way
00:02:25
down into the Moon's subsurface ocean. From there, it could
00:02:29
become a possible metabolic energy source. Europa's icy
00:02:33
crust absorbs radiation, thereby protecting the liquid water
00:02:37
ocean underneath. This absorption also produces oxygen
00:02:41
within the ice. So in a way, the ice shell acts as Europa's
00:02:45
lungs, providing a potential oxygen source for the ocean.
00:02:48
The study's authors placed narrow constraints on the total
00:02:51
Oxygen Production at Europa at around 12 kilograms per second.
00:02:56
Now, before Juno, previous estimates ranged from as few as
00:02:59
just 1 or 2 kilograms per second to over 1 kilograms per
00:03:03
second. The study's new estimation of how much oxygen is
00:03:07
produced within Europa's surface could inform future research
00:03:11
related to its subsurface ocean and the potential there for
00:03:14
life.
00:03:16
After all, here on planet Earth, wherever scientists find water,
00:03:19
they also find life. This is Space Time. Still to come, a new
00:03:25
phenomenon challenging textbook definitions of white dwarf
00:03:28
stars, and new clues about the evolution of the planet Neptune.
00:03:33
All that and more still to come on Space Time.
00:03:51
Astronomers have discovered a population of white dwarf stars
00:03:55
that have mysteriously stopped cooling. The discovery, reported
00:03:59
in the journal Nature, challenges ideas on how old
00:04:02
stars really are and what happens to them when they die.
00:04:06
White dwarfs are the collapsed cores of sunlight stars. Stars
00:04:11
shine by fusing hydrogen into helium in their core.
00:04:15
When they run out of core hydrogen, They contract,
00:04:18
eventually increasing core temperatures and pressures until
00:04:21
they can begin fusing core helium into carbon and oxygen.
00:04:24
At the same time, a shell of hydrogen begins burning outside
00:04:28
the core. Now all this causes the star's outer gaseous
00:04:31
envelope to expand. And as it's now much further away from the
00:04:35
contracted core, it also cools down, turning the star into a
00:04:39
red giant.
00:04:41
Eventually, the star will run out of core helium diffuse. And
00:04:45
as these stars aren't massive enough to fuse heavier elements,
00:04:48
the star dies. Its now bloated outer envelope floats away as a
00:04:53
spectacular cloud called a planetary nebula. That leaves
00:04:56
its white-hot stellar core exposed as a white dwarf.
00:05:01
These expose stellar cores, then slowly cool over the eons.
00:05:06
Astronomers think about 97% of all stars, including our own
00:05:10
star the Sun, will eventually become white dwarfs. However, in
00:05:14
2019, data from the European Space Agency's Gaia satellite
00:05:18
discovered a population of white dwarf stars that have quite
00:05:21
literally stopped cooling for more than 8 billion years.
00:05:26
Now, this suggests that some white dwarfs can generate
00:05:28
significant extra energy, which is at odds with the classical
00:05:31
dead star picture. And astronomers were initially
00:05:34
unsure exactly how this could happen.
00:05:36
Scientists have long considered that white dwarfs stop producing
00:05:39
heat and cool down until the dense plasma in their interiors
00:05:43
eventually freezes into a solid state, and the star solidifies
00:05:47
from the inside out. It's a cooling process which would take
00:05:51
billions of years.
00:05:53
However, according to the new research, in some white dwarfs
00:05:56
the dense plasma in the interior doesn't simply freeze from the
00:06:00
inside out. Instead, solid crystals that are formed upon
00:06:03
freezing are less dense than the liquid, and therefore they want
00:06:07
to float.
00:06:08
As the crystals float upwards, they displace heavier liquids
00:06:12
downwards. The transport of heavier material towards the
00:06:15
centre of the star releases gravitational energy, and it's
00:06:19
this energy which is enough to interrupt the star's cooling
00:06:22
process, possibly for billions of years.
00:06:25
One of the study's authors, Antoine Bedard from the
00:06:27
University Of Warwick, says this explanation matches all the
00:06:30
observed properties which have been seen in this unusual white
00:06:33
dwarf population.
00:06:35
The authors hypothesise that this happens in some white
00:06:38
dwarfs but not others because of differences in the composition
00:06:41
of the star. The study's co-author, Simon Blouin from the
00:06:44
University Of Victoria, says that some white dwarf stars are
00:06:48
formed by the merger of two different stars.
00:06:51
When these stars collide to form a white dwarf, it changes the
00:06:54
composition of the star in a way that allows for the formation of
00:06:58
floating crystals.
00:06:59
This new discovery will not only require astronomy textbooks to
00:07:03
be revised, but also for astronomers to revisit the
00:07:06
process they use to determine the age of stellar populations.
00:07:10
Apparently, white dwarfs are routinely used as age
00:07:13
indicators. The cooler the white dwarf star is, the older it's
00:07:17
assumed to be.
00:07:18
However, due to the extra delay in cooling found in some white
00:07:21
dwarfs, some stars of a given temperature could be billions of
00:07:25
years older than previously thought. And this complicates
00:07:29
age dating and the use of white dwarfs to reconstruct the
00:07:32
formation history of our Milky Way galaxy.
00:07:35
This is SpaceTime. Still to come! New clues about the
00:07:40
formation of the planet Neptune and Japan's Moon land are put to
00:07:44
sleep after surviving the freezing lunar night. All that
00:07:48
and more still to come on Space Time.
00:08:06
Okay, let's take a break from our show for a word from our
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So just head over to Incogni.com slash Stuart Gary and use our
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And of course, we'll have all the details in the show notes
00:09:50
and on the SpaceTime website. And now... It's back to our
00:09:54
show. You're listening to SpaceTime with Stuart Garry.
00:10:00
A ring of icy rocks orbiting the Sun just beyond Neptune may give
00:10:04
astronomers a glimpse of how Neptune and other objects on the
00:10:07
outskirts of the Solar System were formed. The key is the
00:10:11
binary asteroid system, Morsomnus, a tiny pair of frozen
00:10:15
worlds bound together by gravity and which originate from within
00:10:18
the Kuiper Belt.
00:10:20
Studying these icy asteroids can serve as a basis for
00:10:23
understanding the dynamical history of Neptune and the
00:10:26
family of celestial bodies known as trans-Neptunian objects.
00:10:30
Together, this binary asteroid system and other nearby
00:10:33
trans-Neptunian objects in the same dynamical group can act as
00:10:37
an indicator to potentially track Neptune's migration before
00:10:40
it's settled into its current orbit.
00:10:43
Binaries separated by distances more than some misses rarely
00:10:47
survive outside areas bounded by gravity and sheltered by other
00:10:51
flecks of ice and rock, such as the Kuiper Belt. To survive in
00:10:55
plantation in such areas, they require a slow transportation
00:10:58
process towards their current orbital positions.
00:11:02
It's thought that the outwards migration of the gas giants
00:11:05
Jupiter and Saturn 4.5 billion years ago triggered a series of
00:11:09
gravitational perturbations among the ice giants Neptune and
00:11:13
Uranus, forcing them further out and away from the Sun.
00:11:17
Now, the current hypothesis also suggests that these dynamical
00:11:20
forces caused Neptune and Uranus to swap orbital positions and at
00:11:24
the same time fling a possible third ice giant that might have
00:11:28
formed in the system out of the Solar System completely to now
00:11:31
wander alone through interstellar space as a rogue
00:11:34
planet.
00:11:35
The findings, reported in the journal Astronomy And
00:11:37
Astrophysics, also used the Webb Space Telescope to study the
00:11:41
surface compositions of the Moore's somnus binary pair.
00:11:45
The study's authors, Anna Carolina De Souza Feliciano and
00:11:49
Naomi Fenelai Lonzo from the University Of Central Florida,
00:11:52
undertook the work as part of research for the Discovering the
00:11:56
Surface Compositions of Trans-Neptunian Objects program,
00:11:59
better known as DISCO-TNOS.
00:12:02
DISCO-tnos is part of the first cycle of the James Webb Space
00:12:05
Telescope's observation program focusing on the analysis of the
00:12:09
Solar System and the unique spectral properties of small
00:12:12
celestial bodies beyond Neptune within the Kuiper Belt. So far,
00:12:16
studies of more than 60 trans-Neptunian objects have
00:12:19
already been carried out under the program.
00:12:21
But what's unique to this work is that it was possible to study
00:12:24
the surface composition of the two components of the Moore's
00:12:27
sinuous binary pair, something that had never been done before
00:12:30
and which could have implications for how scientists
00:12:33
understand the region beyond Neptune.
00:12:36
The authors used the Webb Space Telescope's wide-spectral
00:12:39
capabilities to analyze the elemental compositions of half a
00:12:42
dozen suspected closely related trans-Neptunian object surfaces
00:12:46
in order to confirm that Moore's somnus has much in common with
00:12:50
its neighboring trans-Neptunian objects.
00:12:53
These largely undisturbed bodies are designated as cold
00:12:56
classical, and they serve as points of reference where
00:12:59
Neptune didn't disturb them during its migration.
00:13:03
Due to the similar spectroscopic behaviour of Mors And Sumnus,
00:13:06
and their similarities with the cold classical group, the
00:13:09
authors found compositional evidence for the formation of
00:13:11
the binary pair beyond 30 astronomical units. That's
00:13:15
beyond the orbit of Neptune.
00:13:17
An astronomical unit is the average distance between the
00:13:19
Earth and the Sun, about 150 million kilometres or 8.3 light
00:13:24
minutes.
00:13:25
Vanilla Lonzo says she's studying how the actual
00:13:28
chemistry and physics of these trans-Neptunian objects reflect
00:13:31
the distribution of molecules based on carbon, oxygen,
00:13:34
nitrogen and hydrogen in the Sun 's protoplanetary disk that gave
00:13:38
birth to the planets, their moons and other small bodies. Of
00:13:42
course, these same molecules were also the origins of life
00:13:46
and water here on Earth.
00:13:48
So I am focused on the space composition of minor bodies of
00:13:53
the Solar System. So minor bodies of the Solar System,
00:13:56
comets, asteroids, meteorites, everything about that I am
00:14:00
interested in.
00:14:01
To conduct our research, we are astronomers, so we need
00:14:05
telescopes. So, DISCO is the acronym for Discovering the
00:14:10
Surface Composition of Trans-Eutuanian Objects. DISCO
00:14:13
project is an observational program conducted on the James
00:14:18
Webb Space Telescope.
00:14:20
And we were awarded with almost 100 hours on the first cycle.
00:14:27
They launched the telescope, they made the first call for
00:14:30
proposals, and we were awarded with almost 100 hours to study
00:14:35
these icy minor bodies of the Solar System.
00:14:39
And our goal is to study...
00:14:41
The surface composition of these targets, 60 objects, that are
00:14:46
orbiting beyond the orbit of Neptune, so they contain a lot
00:14:50
of ices, but we have not been able to see them before with the
00:14:55
instrumentation.
00:14:57
Located ground days. So now with the JSWeb, it's a unique
00:15:00
opportunity to really dig up information on what is the
00:15:05
recipe to have to build a transmitting energy.
00:15:10
Well, there are two things that excite me a lot. The first is
00:15:13
what I mentioned before.
00:15:16
That we are seeing the Solar System as we never saw it
00:15:19
before. It's like when you lead a mission and you approach an
00:15:23
object.
00:15:24
Before we approached Pluto.
00:15:26
We had just some pixels on the screen and we knew there were
00:15:31
different materials because they had different color and
00:15:34
different albedo.
00:15:36
But we were not ready. At least I was not ready for.
00:15:41
The amazing mountains, valleys, glaciers.
00:15:46
Make-ups, everything that the image is revealed.
00:15:51
And that's it. It's in a similar way it's happening now for us
00:15:54
with JSWeb and will happen for decades, I think. Because we
00:15:59
were not able before.
00:16:01
To access this kind of information with the
00:16:03
instrumentation that we have. So the other amazing thing is that
00:16:06
we don't know where we are going to.
00:16:08
And that is not...
00:16:10
As much as the senior career that are going to do that, it's
00:16:14
all the young people, the next generations that are being
00:16:17
trained now, working with us and the different groups, the ones
00:16:21
that are really going to.
00:16:23
To explore the deep breath of the JSWC data.
00:16:28
That's Anna Carolina De Souza Feliciano and Naomi Felina
00:16:32
Alonso from the University Of Central Florida. And this is
00:16:36
Space Time. Still to come, Japan 's lunar lander put to sleep
00:16:41
after surviving the long, freezing lunar night, and later
00:16:44
in the Science Report, the Great Barrier Reef suffering another
00:16:49
coral bleaching event. All that and more still to come on Space
00:16:53
Time.
00:17:09
Mission managers at JAXA, the Japan Aerospace Exploration
00:17:13
Agency, have placed their lunar lander back into sleep mode
00:17:16
after it surprisingly survived the freezing cold lunar night.
00:17:20
The smart lander for investigating the Moon, or SLIM,
00:17:23
touched down on the lunar surface in January, coming to
00:17:27
rest on its side after one of its propulsion rockets failed.
00:17:30
This left the spacecraft with its solar panels facing the
00:17:33
wrong way.
00:17:35
They needed to recharge the spacecraft's batteries and power
00:17:38
the spaceship. But as the Sun angle shifted, SLIM came back to
00:17:42
life for a brief two days, carrying out scientific
00:17:45
observations of a crater with its high-spec camera. The thing
00:17:49
is, the probe was never designed to survive the harsh 15 Earth
00:17:53
Day lunar night, where temperatures can plummet to
00:17:55
minus 133 degrees Celsius.
00:17:58
So mission managers were surprised when the probe phoned
00:18:01
home. They grabbed as much data as they could before the
00:18:05
spacecraft went back to sleep as the Sun set. They say they'll
00:18:09
attempt to revive the probe again in a fortnight's time when
00:18:12
the next lunar day dawns.
00:18:14
That'll be late March. But they admit the likelihood of failure
00:18:17
will increase due to the severe temperature cycles. The mission
00:18:21
was originally designed to examine a part of the Moon's
00:18:24
mantle that lay beneath the crust, which is believed to be
00:18:27
accessible at the landing site.
00:18:29
And the spacecraft has been sending back scientific data
00:18:32
during its waking hours. This is also the first time Japan have
00:18:36
successfully landed a spacecraft on the Moon, making Japan only
00:18:40
the fifth nation to achieve a soft lunar landing after the
00:18:43
United States, the Soviet Union, China and India.
00:18:47
This is Space Time.
00:19:02
And time now to take another brief look at some of the other
00:19:04
stories making news in science this week with the Science
00:19:07
Report.
00:19:09
Scientists say a mass bleaching event is currently unfolding on
00:19:13
the Great Barrier Reef. The event, the seventh since 1998,
00:19:17
was confirmed following aerial surveys of 300 shallow reefs.
00:19:22
Coral bleaching occurs when underwater temperatures are more
00:19:25
than a degree warmer than the long-term average.
00:19:28
This causes corals to come under heat stress. That forces them to
00:19:32
expel algae living within their tissues, draining them of their
00:19:35
vibrant colours and causing them to starve. This latest bleaching
00:19:39
event is unfolding in an area where corals have not previously
00:19:43
been exposed to extreme temperatures.
00:19:46
Often called the world's largest living structure, the Great
00:19:49
Barrier Reef is a 2-kilometre-long expanse of
00:19:53
tropical corals along the Queensland Pacific Coast,
00:19:56
housing a stunning array of biodiversity.
00:20:00
A new study shows that smoking rates are down, vaping is up and
00:20:04
one in five Australians are using illegal drugs. The
00:20:08
findings are included in the Australian Institute Of Health
00:20:11
And Welfare's latest survey. The National Drug Strategy Household
00:20:15
Survey outlines the attitudes and usage of tobacco,
00:20:19
e-cigarettes and vaping, as well as alcohol and illicit drugs,
00:20:22
for more than 21 people across Australia.
00:20:26
The survey found that the rates of smoking have dropped by
00:20:29
two-thirds since 1991, while at the same time e-cigarette and
00:20:33
vaping rates are up from 2.5% in 2019 to 7% today.
00:20:39
The report also shows that three in four Australians drank
00:20:42
alcohol in the past 12 months, with close to one in three
00:20:45
consuming it in ways that put their health at risk.
00:20:48
Additionally, one in five Australians aged 14 or older
00:20:51
have been using illegal drugs. With close to half of
00:20:55
Australians reporting having used illicit drugs at least once
00:20:58
in their lifetimes.
00:21:01
A wide survey of posts on the social media platform X,
00:21:04
formerly known as Twitter, suggests that global happiness
00:21:07
levels take about two weeks to rebound following a global
00:21:11
crisis or shock. Two events, the initiation of the COVID-19
00:21:16
pandemic lockdowns and the Russian invasion of Ukraine,
00:21:19
were studied by surveying discourse on Twitter in the
00:21:22
weeks before and after the events.
00:21:24
The findings reported in the journal PLOS One suggest that
00:21:28
while people were more immediately upset by lockdown,
00:21:31
it only took two weeks for them to rebound. On the other hand,
00:21:34
the Russian invasion of Ukraine caused less of a downturn in
00:21:38
happiness, but it's taking longer for the mood to improve.
00:21:43
Apple have just released their latest IOS updates for IPhone
00:21:46
and IPads. With the details of what's in 17.4, we're joined by
00:21:51
technology editor Alex Zaharov-Wright from
00:21:53
TechAdvice.Life.
00:21:55
I've launched both 17.4 for IOS for the phones and for IPads.
00:21:59
Two big things. One is that if you're now listening to Apple
00:22:02
Podcasts, whether you're listening to shows or you're
00:22:05
watching shows, 17.4 now gives you a live transcription of what
00:22:08
's being said using, of course, AI.
00:22:10
And... The transcription seems to be extremely accurate. So if
00:22:14
you'd like to sort of read along or you'd like to get a printed
00:22:17
version of what it is that's been said, it's there. Now there
00:22:19
's things like new emojis and bug fixes.
00:22:22
Another thing with the IPhone version is that the stolen
00:22:26
device protection we spoke about previously can now be said to be
00:22:28
activated everywhere, even in locations such as home and work
00:22:32
or the pub that you frequent on a regular basis, which in theory
00:22:36
would have been marked as a safe location.
00:22:38
So if somebody sort of stole your phone from one of those
00:22:40
places. You wouldn't have had the protections that were
00:22:42
offered. So now you can manually toggle that on. So those are the
00:22:45
two sort of big things with IPhones and IPads. And the other
00:22:48
big thing that was launched is new Macs.
00:22:50
Now, there was a rumor that we'd have new IPads as well, and
00:22:52
presumably that will happen sometime this month. But the new
00:22:55
MacBook Air, the one with the 13.6-inch screen, and the new
00:22:58
MacBook Air with the 15-inch screen, now has the M3 chip. So
00:23:02
Apple has launched the M1 Chip in 2020, and they're saying this
00:23:06
M3 version is...
00:23:07
40 to 60% faster on most metrics, which is a pretty good
00:23:10
speed bump. Now, if you have the A2, well, the improvement's only
00:23:13
about 20%. And so, you know, there's no great need for you to
00:23:17
update if you bought one of the models last year.
00:23:19
But if you've been holding out for an old Intel-powered
00:23:21
version, well, you get much, much faster speeds. There's no
00:23:24
fan inside generating noise. And instead of about 6 battery
00:23:28
life, you have about 18. But for the first time, we've seen Apple
00:23:32
really promoting the fact that these new Macs are great.
00:23:35
For AI. And in fact, every Mac they say is great for AI.
00:23:37
They've had a neural engine inside the IPhones and IPads and
00:23:42
Macs for some time, at least with the version of power by the
00:23:45
M series processor.
00:23:46
And Apple is going to have a huge push this year with the
00:23:49
Worldwide Developer Conference to have like a Siri version of
00:23:52
chat VPT. And they've spent a billion dollars over the past 12
00:23:56
months to make this happen. And this is the first time that
00:23:58
Apple has really mentioned the word AI. They've let everybody
00:24:01
else mention the words AI, but they themselves.
00:24:03
Spoken about machine learning and they speak about how you can
00:24:07
use the machine learning to figure out all the different
00:24:09
photos and have them show which ones are you, your friends, your
00:24:13
partner, your pets, and all these different things that have
00:24:16
been happening in the background without actually giving you the
00:24:18
generative AI that we're used to from Google Gemini, from
00:24:22
Perplexity.AI, from CatZBT, from Microsoft Copilot.
00:24:25
So Apple's prepping us for this big push in AI. And, you know,
00:24:29
Apple normally when it does something, it does it.
00:24:31
Right. It does it in a way that everybody else wants to copy it.
00:24:34
Now, it's been very late on AI, and Apple's prepping us for
00:24:37
this. Hopefully, a lot of these AI functions will work on older
00:24:40
IPhones. Obviously, the IPhone 16 coming later this year will
00:24:43
be the one that will really push for it.
00:24:45
But, you know, there's no reason why IPhone 15 Pro Max from last
00:24:48
year, barely six months old, couldn't be able to do all the
00:24:51
same AI stuff as well. So looking forward to seeing that,
00:24:54
and that's probably the biggest news of the week thus far.
00:24:56
That's Alex Saharov-Royd from TechAdvice.Life.
00:25:02
Thank you.
00:25:09
Thank you.
00:25:15
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